aamt 0.ober 20q, 1944 -...
TRANSCRIPT
0.Aamt 0.OBER 20Q, 1944
T Bausch- &k Lomb' Spectrometer provids aquickvand ccurate method ofqualitative anaairsisand approiimate quantitative estimation which,in war work' has set the new high tdardsthatili ze- the -starting point for peacetime de-veloprnents in science, industry and -education.
- ,den: PubAehed *veeb* b The Socn Press, Lisawter, P.,Msted cm em~ Or Jlay 1s, los, t the Poet Ofic at Luomtor, Pc, *dr t0e Aot of Mec,,87.
2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2599~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, NO. 2599
CkTOBT1 26` 1944 s#7IEa~cISADYVPRTISMFAtkkTS
(
Storms that SAVE LivesSTORMS OF HAIL AND OF SAND...storms of rain and sleet,and fog. Temperatures of 60 degrees below zero Fahren.heit and 150 degrees above. Such combat conditions andthe low pressures of high altitudes can be produced in theweather chamber which you see here being used for test-
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6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100 , No. 2599
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7
GALILEO S genius for rapid solution ofdifficult problems is perfectly exemplified byhis work with the telescope. Within severalhours after hearing of the first telescope, hehad mastered the principles involved. Withinseveral months, he had made a scientific in-strument of it.
In May of i609, the day after news of thefirst telescope reached him, he built a tele-scope of plano-convex and plano-concavelenses and later, having arrived at the rela-tion between magnification and foci of lenses,he constructed another telescope which mag-
nified eight times. This he presented to theDoge of Venice in August, i609.
Finally, Galileo produced an instrumentmagnifying thirty-two diameters, and with itinitiated the future course of observationalastronomy.
Today, 335 years later, other inquiringminds are searching for answers to the un-
solved problems of astronomy, chemistry,
metallurgy, photography, and vision Aidingthese leaders in industry, education and thearmed forces are lenses and prisms in instru-ments of constantly increasing accuracy. Ithas been the privilege of Perkin-Elmer tocollaborate in the improvement of many ofthose instruments and their elements.From this collaboration have come ideas
and production techniques that will enablePerkin-Elmer to provide post-war optical in-struments that will bring new accuracy toanalysis, control, inspection and observation.
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...
OCTOBEa 201 1944
8 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2599
7AnENGI NEERING
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Manufacturers of Scientific Instruments and Laboratory Apparatus
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS Vor., 100, No. 25998
SCIENCEVOL. 100 FRIDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1944 No. 2599
What Is Germ Plasm?: PROFESSOR GEORGE T. HARGITT 343
Post-War Geology: PROFESSOR BRADFORD WILLARD .... 348
Obituary:Recent Deaths ........ ................................. 350
Scientific Events:The Scottish Seaweed Research Association; TheAlabama Academy of Science; Decorations ofRussian Scientific Men by the Soviet Government 351
Scientific Notes and News ................... ........................ 352
Discussion:The Utility of Major Foreign Languages in Phyto-pathology: J. HARVEY MCLAUGHLIN. The Threatto Pure Science: ALEXANDER W. STERN. A Pleato Raman Spectroscopists: DR. FORREST F. CLEVE-LAND. Another Mastodon Found in Ohio: DR.KARL ER SBTEEG ......... ................................ 355
Scientific Books:Publications of the Mathematical Tables Project:PROFESSOR R. C. ARCHIBALD. Advances in Enzy-mology: DRL A. E. MIRSKY ........................... 357
Special Articles:Normal Human Stromata as Antigens for Com-plement Fixation in the Sera of Patients with
Relapsing livax Malaria: DR. MICHAEL HEIDEL-BERGER and MANFRED M. MAYER. Induction ofLeukemia in Mice: D. ARTHUR KIRSCHBAUM andDR. HENRY S. KAPLAN. The Neutralization inVitro of Avian Pneumoencephalitis Virus by New-castle Disease Immune Serum: D. J. R. BEACH.The Isolation of the St. Louis Encephalitis Virusfrom Chicken Mites in Nature: DR. MARGARET G.SMITH, RUSSELL J. BLATTNER and DR. FLORENCE
M.HEYS ............................................ 359
Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:An Easily Constructed Hepp Osmometer: DR. WAR-
RENS.REHM ............................................. 364Science News ........................................... 10
SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-ment of Science. Editorial communications should be sentto the editors of SCIENCE, Lancaster, Pa. Published everyFriday by
THE SCIENCE PRESSLancaster, Pennsylvania
Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.
SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-ing membership in the Association may be secured romthe office of the permanent secretary In the SmithsonianInstitution Building, Washington 25, D. C.
WHAT IS GERM PLASM?1By Professor GEORGE T. HARGITT
DUKE UNIVERSITY
THE term germ plasm has become a common term.It is used by laymen as well as biologists with suchdiverse connotations that one can never be sure justwhat is meant. Weismann2 developed a definite andspecific meaning for germ plasm. As a result of hisstudy of acquired characters and from his attemptto find an explanation of development and hereditywhich would be more satisfactory than the physio-logical units of Spencer or the gemmules of Darwin,he worked out an elaborate and logical hypothesis.Whether acceptable or not, his hypothesis merits highpraise as an outstanding biological contribution whichhas stimulated observation, experiment and enormousdiscussion.Weismann's germ plasm theory may be briefly out-' Address of the vice-president and chairman of the
Section on Zoology of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, Cleveland, September 13, 1944.2A. Weismann, "The Germ Plasm." Translated.
New York, 1893.
lined in the following points: Hereditary charactersare produced by specific particles or substances calleddeterminants, located in the chromosomes of thenucleus. Each independently variable character ofan organism is due to a single kind of determinant,whether in a single cell or a group of similar cells.The germ cells alone contain all the determinants ofa species needed at any and all periods of the life his-tory of an organism, including complete or partialdeterminants of ancestors.At the first cleavage of the egg two cells are pro-
duced, one of which is the primordial germ cell whichtakes no part in ontogeny, but remains unchanged toproduce the germ cells of the individual at the ap-propriate time. This primordial germ cell is thereforea sample of the fertilized egg and its products will beexactly like it. The other cleavage cell is the startingpoint for the rest of the complex organism. Duringcontinued divisions the determinants are gradually
.