aahuthi blpxn180.179.170.84/images/pdf/aahuti-malayalam.pdf · 2017-06-29 · aahuthi the untold...

aahuthiThe untold stories of scarifies in Kerala.

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ConCeived and edited by Sanju Sadanandan

& Jayashankar Panicker

Under the gUidanCe and SUPPort ofdr. rasita anandnirupaka bharativineetha Menon

binu Padmamnithin Surendran

Jinoy KJSudeesh rajasekharan

ratheesh KKbiju Padmam

deSign & LayoUtSunilkumar tP

PUbLiShed byCentre for Kerala Socio-economic and Political Studies

editionfirst: September, 2016 (english)

first: May 2017 (Malayalam)

for internal circulation only

We have made every possible effort in collecting details pertaining to the martyrs, from various sources. However there could be omissions, which could have happened unknowingly. We apologize for the same. We also request an update in case of any exclusion or error regarding data or names, in connection with the details (mail to us: [email protected]). The same would be incorporated in the next edition.

BapJwcm{„ob sIme]mXIßƒ°pw tZiobXbpsS h‡m°ƒ°v t\scbp≈ A{Iaßƒ°pwIp{]kn≤nbm¿÷n®p Ign™ncn°pIbmWv \ΩpsS sIm®ptIcfw. sshhn[yam¿∂{]Xybimkv{Xßƒ°p kam[m\]cambn {]h¿Øn°m≥ Ignbp∂ qanIb√mXmbn tIcfwamdnbn´p Imetasdbmbn. CXc {]Xybimkv{Xßsf {]h¿Øn°m≥ A\phZn°msX,A{IaØneq∂nb cm{„ob {]h¿Ø\w ioeam°nbh¿ sIm∂pX≈nbhcn¬ Gsdbpw,tZiob Xmev]cytØmsS ]uctkh\Øn¬ apgpInbhcmbncp∂p. IayqWnÃv --˛C…manÃv Chm©enÃv Iq´psI´mbncp∂p F∂pw sImebmfn]£w. Ah¿ HØptN¿∂p≈kwLSnX B{IaWhpw tIcfØn¬ D≠mbn´p≠v. IayqWnÃv CXc {]Xybimkv{XßtfmSp≈ AklnjvWpXbpw A{Iaßfpw, tIcfob kmaqlnI N´°qSns‚`mKam°n IayqWnÃpIƒ am‰nbnbncn°p∂p. C¥y≥ `cWLS\ hn`mh\w sNøp∂A`n{]mbkzmX{¥yØns‚ \Kv\amb ewL\amWv CXns‚ eambp≠mIp∂ a\pjymhImi [zwk\ßƒ.

temIØnse ]ecmPyßfnepw sNbvXt]mse, cm{„obhf¿®bv°pth≠n, {]Xybimkv{X FXncmfnIsf D∑qe\w sNøm≥ \nc¥cw B{IaWagn®phnSpI am{Xa√IayqWnÃpIƒ sNøp∂Xv. kmlNcyßƒ°\pkcn®v IayqWnÃv {]Xybimkv{XØn¬Ie¿∏pw Ah¿ tN¿Øn´p≠v. Xm\qcn¬ 16 hb p am{Xw {]mbap≈ kp{_“Wy≥sIm√s∏´ kw`hw CXn\pZmlcWamWv. \nbak` Xncs™Sp∏n¬ Pbn® ap…nweoKpImcpsS BtLmj {]IS\ßƒ°nsS 1965 am¿®v 18- \p kp{_“Wy≥ sImesNøs∏´p.BtLmjw AXncpIhn™v Iem]`cnXamb kmlNcyw DSseSpØp. ap…nweoKv Kp≠IƒP\kwLw {]h¿ØIcpsS hoSpIƒ B{Ian®p. kwL¿jw \nb{¥n°ms\Ønb t]meokvkwLw, Iem]ImcnIfmb ap…nweoKv Kp≠Isf \nebv°v \n¿tØ≠Xn\p]Icw,P\kwLw {]h¿ØI¿°p t\sc shSnbpXn¿°pIbmWv sNbvXXv. am¿®v 3-˛\p \S∂shSnhbv∏n¬ ]cnt°‰ kp{_“Wy≥ 15 Znhkßƒ°ptijw am¿®v 18-\p acWaS™p.kw`hsØ A]e]nt°≠Xn\p ]Icw IayqWnÃpIm¿ A{IanIsf \ymboIcn°pIbmWvsNbvXXv. CXn\ptijw c≠ph¿jØn\p≈n¬ ap…nweoKpambn kJyØn¬ G¿s∏´vIayqWnÃpIm¿ Iq´pI£n a{¥nk` D≠m°n. XpS¿∂v ap…nweoKns‚ BhiyØn\p hgßnae∏pdw Pn√bpw cq]oIcn®p.

tIcfØnse sIme]mXI cm{„obNcn{Xw ]cntim[n°p∂ GsXmcmfpw ‘IayqWnÃpIm¿ BscbmWv sIm√msX shdpsX hnń´p≈sX∂v' Nn¥n®v AXv`pXs∏Spw. 1957-¬A[nImcØnseØnb \mƒsXm´p C∂phsc cmPyØp \S°p∂ cm{„ob sIme]mXIßfn¬ ap≥]¥nbn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv tIcfamWv. IayqWnÃv-CXc {]Xybimkv{XßfpsS{]h¿ØIscsb√mw Ah¿ IcpWbn√msX sIm∂pX≈n. sI.Sn PbIrjvW≥amÃdpsSsIme]mXIw Hcp DZmlcWambn FSp°mw. kvIqfn¬ HºXpw ]Øpw hb v {]mbap≈hnZym¿∞nIƒ°p ¢mkv FSpØpsIm≠ncn°ptºmgmWv amÃsd {Iqcambn shńs°mes∏SpØnbXv. PbIrjvW≥amÃ¿ sNbvX Ip‰w tZiobhmZ {]ÿm\ßfn¬ tN¿∂p {]h¿Øn®pF∂XmWv! A{IaØns‚ tX¿hmgv®Iƒ°nSbn¬ kv{XoIsf t]mepw IayqWnÃpIƒsIm√msX hnńń√. [¿ΩPs\ sImes∏SpØnbXns\m∏w At±lØns‚ `mcybmbbtimZtbbpw hIhcpØnbXv, IayqWnÃpImcpsS IØn∏nSnbn¬\n∂p kv{XoIƒ°pwc£bns√∂Xns‚ sXfnhmWv. Iukey, AΩpAΩ, hnae XpSßnbhcpw IayqWnÃpImcpsS {IqcXbv°p CcIfmb kv{XoIfmWv. sIme]mXI {IqcXbpsS ImcyØn¬IayqWnÃpIm¿ _m¿t_dnb∑m¿°p kaamWv. tZiobhmZ {]ÿm\Øns‚ {]h¿ØI\mb kXys‚ Xe shńsbSpØXpw, kp{_“Wyt\bpw cmPt\bpw s]t{Smsfmgn®vPoht\msS XosImfpØn sIm∂Xpw, ‘a\pjy≥ A[x]Xn®m¬ arKw BIpw, arKwA[x]Xn®m¬ IayqWnÃmIpw' F∂ sNm√ns\ km[qIcn°p∂XmWv.

P¥pPmeßtfbpw IayqWnÃpIm¿ shdpsX hnSmdn√. Ncn{Xw AXmWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.]d»n\n°Shv kvt\°v]m¿°nse ]mºpIsf Xobn´p sIm∂Xpw, sIme]mXIw \SØm\p≈]cnioe\Øns‚ `mKambn \nch[n \mbIsf HmSn®n´p IgpØv shńs°m∂XpwCXn\pZmlcWßfmWv. a\pjytcm, ]£nItfm, arKßtfm, ]cnÿnXntbm, Aßns\F¥pamIs´" XßfpsS Xm¬]cyßƒ°p FXncmsW¶n¬ ]ns∂ AhbpsS \miamWvHcp IayqWnÃns‚ AXy¥nI e£yw. A\q]ns‚ sImeXs∂sbSp°mw. ]›naL´Øn¬

Ip‰ymSn F∂ {]tZiØp \S°p∂ ]cnÿnXn \ioIcWØns\Xnsc {]XnIcn® A\q]ns\, Icn¶¬Izmdn DSaIfpsSImiphmßp∂ am¿IvknÃpIm¿ t_mws_dn™p sIm√pIbmbncp∂p.

tIcfØnse tImtfPv, bqWnthgvkn‰n IymºkpIfn¬am¿IvknÃv A\pIqe hnZym¿∞nkwLS\Iƒ \SØnbn´p≈ kacßfpw A{Iaßfpw tIcf hnZym`ymk cwKsØ°pdn®v tamiw A`n{]mbw DSseSp°m≥ ImcWambn´p≠v.Ft∏mgpw 'A`n{]mb kzmX{¥yØns‚' kwc£I¿Nabmdp≈ IayqWnÃpIm¿, AtX Bibw Xs∂, CXc-kwLS\ItfmSv Ah¿ ]pe¿Øp∂ AklnjvWpXtbbpw,A{Iaßtfbpw \ymboIcn°m≥ D]tbmKn°pI ]XnhmWv.AXn\p Ah¿ ]e \oNam¿§ßfpw Ahew_n°pw. tZihncp≤cptSbpw, C…manI aXauenIhmZnIfptSbpw kwLS\Iƒs°m∏w IayqWnÃv hnZym¿∞n kwLS\Iƒ tImtfPvIymºkpIfn¬ \SØnbn´p≈ sImeIƒ GsdbmWv.Zp¿KmZmkv, ]n.Fkv A\p, kpPnXv, Inw IcpWmIc≥, _nw_n,apcpIm\μ, hnim¬, k®n≥ tKm]m¬, XpSßnbh¿ apX¬icocØn¬ IØnsIm≠v ]m¿ńap{Zhsc hc®pInńblX`mKy¿ Gsd. Kpcp°∑mcmb A[ym]I¿°p IpgnamSwHcp°n bm{Xbb∏v \¬InbXn¬ {]Xnÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂Xpw IayqWnÃv A\pIqe hnZym¿∞nIfmWv. ]cpaetImtfPv kw`hØn¬ aq∂p F_nhn]n hnZym¿∞nIsf]pgbn¬ NmSn®v, \o¥m≥ kΩXn°msX C„nIsbdn™psIm∂Xv tIcfØnse Iymºkv cm{„obØn¬ kam\Xbn√mØ {Iqckw`hamWv.

cm{„]ptcmKXn°pth≠n {]h¿Øn®Xn\m¬ sIme

sNøs∏´ F√mhtcbpw BlpXn kvacn°p∂p. AhcpsSBflmhpIƒ°p \nXyim¥n t\cp∂p. _enZm\nIfpsSIpSpw_mwKßƒ C∂p {hWnXlrZbcmbn Pohn°pIbmWv.AhcpsS ap∂nse Ccpń\p I\wh®ncn°p∂p. ZfnXv˛]nt∂m°v -\yq\]£hn`mKßfn¬s∏´hcmbncp∂p _enZm\nIfn¬ Gsdbpw F∂Xv I„XbpsS Bgw kqNn∏n°p∂p.sIm√s∏´hcpsS IpSpw_mwKßtfbpw _‘p°tfbpwC°meØpw am¿IvknÃpIm¿ th´bmSp∂p≠v F∂XvAhcpsS PohnX kmlNcyßsf IqSpX¬ ITn\am°p∂p.

Cu kwcw`Øn¬ ]¶mfnIfmbn Rßsf klmbn®F√mhtcmSpw BlpXn Sow \μn ]dbp∂p. hnhc kamlcWapƒs∏sSbp≈ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v RßtfmsSm∏w{]h¿Øn®v klmbw \¬Inb km[mcW°mcmb{]h¿ØI¿, {io hn.F≥. tKm]n\mY≥, {io tkml≥em¬,_n.sP.]n. kwÿm\ kwLS\m sk{I´dn {io. KtWi≥,kl{]m¥{]NmcIv {io. kpZ¿i≥ Fkv., P∑`qan amt\PnwKvFUn‰¿ {io. sI.B¿. DamIm¥≥, am[yaÿm]\ßfmbtIkcn ho°nen, P∑`qan sUbnen, Hm¿Kss\k¿,haindavakeralam.com, samvada.org, tUmŒ¿ iyma{]kmZvapJ¿Pn dnk¿®v ût≠j≥, XpSßnb hy‡nIƒ°pwÿm]\ßƒ°pw Rßƒ lrZbwKaamb \μn tcJs∏SpØp∂p.

F√mØn\pw D]cnbmbn, kwLS\m NpaXebp≈_nsP]n tZiob tPmbn‚ v P\d¬ sk{I´dn {io _n.F¬kt¥mjnt\mSmWv BlpXn Sow G‰hpw ISs∏ńcn°p∂Xv.At±lØns‚ am¿K\n¿t±ihpw klmbhpw C√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ Cu DZyaw hnPbamIn√mbncp∂p.

2016 sabn¬ \S∂ Xncs™Sp∏n¬ hnIk\Øns‚ t]cn¬ P\ßsf sX‰n≤cn∏n®v IayqWnÃpIm¿tIcfØn¬ A[nImcØnseØn. F∂m¬ Hcp P\m[n]Xy {]{Inbbn¬, hnIk\Øn\p Ahiyamb{]Xn]£ [¿Ωw \n¿hln°m≥ Hcp ]m¿ńtbbpw IayqWnÃpIm¿ A\phZn°ns√∂Xv Gh¿°pwAdnbmhp∂XmWv. IayqWnÃpIƒ°p ]cnNbap≈ GI`mj A{IaØnt‚XmWv, Ah¿A[nImcØn¬ Ccn°ptºmƒ hntijn®pw.

IayqWnÃpIm¿ A[nImcØn¬ FØnbtXmsS AhcpsS Bio¿hmZtØmsSbp≈ cm{„obsIme]mXIßfpw Bcw`n®ncn°pIbmWv. Ce£≥ êw {]Jym]n® Znhkw Xs∂hnPbmtLmjØns‚ t]cn¬ A{Iaßƒ XpSßn. bpFC-bn¬ \n∂p _nsP]nbpsS {]NmcWsØklmbn°m≥ h∂ {]tamZv F∂ bphmhns\ IayqWnÃpIm¿ sImes∏SpØn. cm{„ob FXncmfnIsfh®ps]mdp∏n°ns√∂ hy‡amb ktμiw CXphgn Ah¿ {]Xn]£Øn\p \¬In.

Ct∏mƒ \ap°v ap∂nep≈ sh√phnfnIƒ GsdbmWv. \ΩpsS {]h¿ØIcn¬ A[nIhpwkmºØnIamb ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂hcmWv. CXv Ahsc Ffp∏Øn¬ A{IaØns‚ CcIfm°p∂p.cm{„ob kwL¿jßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw acWs∏´m¬ k¿°mcns‚ `mKØp\n∂p \ap°pklmbklIcWßƒ C√. IpSpw_Øns‚ Zb\obX h¿≤n∏n°mt\ Cu kao]\wD]Icn°p∂p≈q. ]cnt°‰m¬ Bip]{Xn NnIn’°p≈ ]Ww òaamWv. CXpaqew ]et∏mgpwNnIn¬k°p th≠t]mse \ΩpsS {]h¿ØI¿ hnt[bcmImdn√. h[{iaØns\Xnsc tImSXnbn¬]cmXns∏Sm\pw \nbaklmbw e`n°m\pw ]Ww BhiyamWv. _nsP]n A\p`mhnIfmsW∂ImcWØm¬ \ΩpsS {]h¿ØIsc kmaqlnIambn _lnjvIcn°p {]hWXbpw I≠phcp∂p≠v.A`n{]mbkzmX{¥yØns‚ At∏mkvXecmbn \Sn°p∂ IayqWnÃpIm¿, F∂m¬ Ah¿s°Xnscbp≈A`n{]mbßsf AklnjvWqXtbmsStb t\cnń´p≈q.

`mcXob P\Xm]m¿ńbpsS BZ¿ißsf ap≥\n¿Øn, cm{„tkh\Øn\mbn kzPoh≥ _enb¿∏n®{]h¿ØIcpsS XymKßtfbpw kvacWItfbpw «mLn°p∂ BlpXn t]mep≈ kwcw`ßsf Rm≥A`n\μn°p∂p. IayqWnÃv A{Iaßƒ CtXmsS s]mXpP\ {i≤bnte°p FØpIbmWv. \ΩpsS`mhn]cn]mSnIƒ t{ImUoIcn°m\pw Cu DZyaw klmbIamIpw.

cm{„ob sIme]mXIßsf ÿm]\h¬°cn°p∂hcptSbpw, AklnjvWpXbpsS bYm¿∞h‡m°fptSbpw Dt±ie£yßƒ s]mXpP\a≤yØn¬ Xpd∂pImWn°m≥ F√m t\Xm°∑mtcmSpw{]h¿ØItcmSpw Rm≥ klmbw A`y¿∞n°pIbmWv. \mw \ΩpsS i–w Db¿Øntb aXnbmIq.

IpΩ\w cmPtiJc≥

{]knU‚ v, `mcXob P\Xm ]m¿ń. tIcfw.

apJhpcNcn{XØns‚ XmfpIƒ ]cntim[n®m¬, IayqWnktØmfw a\pjysc sIms∂mSp°nbn´p≈as‰mcp {]Xybimkv{Xans√∂p \ap°v ImWmw. C°mcyØn¬ a‰p mknÃv {]Xybimkv{XßƒF√mw IayqWnkØnt\°mƒ Hcp]Sn XmsgbmWv. BtKmfXeØn¬ IayqWnkwGIm[n]XyØnt‚bpw A{IaØnt‚bpw ]cymbambmWv IW°m°s∏SpXv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂,kzbwtkhIsc e£yan´p sImes∏SpØp∂ kn]nsFFΩns‚ 'IÆq¿ tamUen¬'A¤pXIcambn H∂pan√. `cWIqSØnt‚bpw ]m¿ńbptSbpw Dcp°pap„n sIm≠v {]Xn]£i–ßsf Aa¿® sNøp∂ Ãmen\nÃv- amthmbnÃv ]mcºcyØns‚ XpS¿®bmWXv. C∂p 'IÆq¿tamU¬' (FXn¿i–ßsf \ni–am°n cm{„ob_ew \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\p IayqWnÃpIm¿A\ph¿Øn°p∂ coXn) F∂ ]Zw, kn]nsFFw \SØp∂ cm{„ob sIme]mXßƒ°p≈amXrIbmbn Xo¿∂n´p≠v. IÆq¿ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ IayqWnÃv i‡ntI{μßfn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂kwL¿jÿnXn {]mtZinI ÿnXnhntijas√∂p Npcp°w.

1969-¬, ZfnXv kapZmbmwKamb hmSn°¬ cmaIrjvW≥ F∂ kzbwtkhIs‚ sIme]mXItØmsSbmWv tIcfØn¬, {]tXyIn®pw IÆqcn¬, kn]nsFFΩns‚ sIme]mXI cm{„obwBcw`n°p∂Xv. B¿.Fkv.F ns‚ kPoh{]h¿ØI\mb cmaIrjvW≥ \nch[n IayqWnÃpImsctZiob Imgv∏mSnte°p BI¿jn®ncp∂p. CXv sIme]mXIØn\p ImcWambn. cmaIrjvWs‚sIme]mXIØn\p tijw tIcfØn¬ 270-˛¬]cw kzbwtkhI¿ sIm√s∏ń´p≠v. CXn¬ 232t]sc sImes∏SpØnbXv kn]nsFFw BsW¶n¬, _m°nbp≈hcn¬ A[nIhpw C…manIaXauenIhmZnIfm¬ h[n°s∏´hcmWv. sIm√s∏´hcpsS FÆtØ°mƒ BdpaSßv A[nIamWv]cnt°‰hcpsS FÆw. F∂n´pw, F¬UnF^v A[nImcØn¬ Ccn°ptºmƒ, am¿IvknÃvòIcXbpsS CcIfmb kwL{]h¿ØIsc t]meokv a¿±n°p∂Xpw, Ahsc I≈t°kn¬IpSp°p∂Xpw km[mcW kw`hamWv.

kn]nsFFw {]h¿ØI¿ ]m¿ń hn´p B¿FkvF nte°p tNt°dp∂XmWv kwL{]h¿ØI¿s°Xnscbp≈ B{IaWßƒ°p ImcWw. IÆq¿ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ hS°≥ tIcfØnse_nsP]n {]h¿ØIcn¬ qcn`mKhpw ap≥ IayqWnÃv A\p`mhnIfmWv. kn]nFΩns‚ Xm≥t]mcnabv°pw A{Iaßƒ°pw hgßns°m≠p {]h¿Øn°m≥ B¿FkvFkv XømdmImØXv Ah¿°pkln°mhp∂Xnepw A∏pdamWv. lnμp tZiobhmZnIƒ°p t\scbp≈ IayqWnÃv A{IaßfpsSas‰mcp e£yw \yq\]£ {]oW\hpw, AXphgnbp≈ C…manÃv thm v kamlcWhpamWv. kwL{]h¿ØI¿°p t\sc \SØnb B{IaWßsf Ipdn®v s]mXpafieØn¬ hoºv ]dbpIbpw,\yq\]£ aXauenIhmZnIsf {]oWo∏n®v thm´p t\Sm≥ ]m¿ńXeØn¬ '_o v s^ÃnhepIƒ'kwLSn∏n°pIbpw IayqWnÃpIm¿ sNømdp≠v.

B¿FkvF ns‚ P\]n¥pW h¿≤n°p∂Xv XSbpIbmWv IayqWnÃpIm¿ \SØp∂A{IaßfpsS apJye£yw. skan‰nIv aXßfnse t]mse IayqWnÃv ]m¿ńbnepw, {]h¿ØI¿am¿IvknÃv {]Xybimkv{Xw XyPn°p∂Xv am∏¿ln°mØ ]m]hpw, acWin£ e`n°mhp∂Ip‰hpamWv. 2016 sabn¬, kn]nsFFw A[nImcta‰ tijw hym]Iamb A{IaØn\pw sIme]mXIßƒ°pw tIcfw km£nbmbn. IÆq¿ tamU¬ kwÿm\saßpw hym]n∏n°pIbmWve£ysa∂ hy‡w. kn]nsFFΩns‚ kwÿm\ sk{I´dn sImSntbcn _meIrjvW\pw, IÆq¿Pn√m sk{I´dn ]n.PbcmP\pw B¿FkvF v Dƒs∏sSbp≈ tZiob kwLS\Iƒs°XnscA{IaØn\p ]ckyambn Blzm\w sNbvXn´p≠v. Xncph\¥]pcØv _nsP]nbpsS kwÿm\IΩ‰n Hmôkn\p t\sc B{IaWhpw t_mwt_dpw hsc \S∂p.

GXm\pw am≤yaßƒ HgnsI, tIcfØnse aoUnbcwKw henb Afhn¬ CSXp]£\nb{¥WØnepw, am¿IvknÃpIm¿ \bn°p∂Xpw BWv. s]mXpkaqlØns‚ Bi¶IƒN¿®°p hnt[bam°p∂Xn\p ap≥ssI FSpt°≠ tIcfØnse 'kmwkvImcnI \mbI∑m¿'BIs´" am¿IvknÃv A{IaWØns\Xnsc kwkmcn°m≥ bap≈hcmWv. CSXp _p≤nPohnIƒF∂tØbpw t]mse kn]nFΩns‚ sIme]mXI cm{„obsØ \n¿e÷w ]n¥pW®v kwkmcn°p∂p≠v. AXn¬ Ah¿°p bmsXmcp Ip‰t_m[hpan√. tZiob apJy[mc am≤yaßƒ tIcfØn¬\ne\n¬°p∂ CSXpòIcXsb∏‰n A⁄X \Sn®v, kuIcy]q¿Δw AhKWn°pIbmWv.hkvXpXIƒ C{]Imcambncns°, am¿IvknÃv `cWIqS òIcXbvs°Xnsc s]mXpkaqlwapt∂m´phtc≠Xp≠v. F¶nte AhcpsS tNmc°fn°p Ahkm\amIq. tIcfØn¬ \S°p∂cm{„ob A{Iaßsf Ipdn®p≈ hnhcßƒ kamlcn®v, cmPyØns‚ hnhn[ `mKßfn¬kwLSn∏n°p∂ skan\mdpIƒ hgn am¿IvknÃv òIcXsb Ipdn®v s]mXpP\ßsf t_m[h¬°cn°msa∂pw, cmPysØ bYm¿∞ AklnjvWpXmhmZnIsf s]mXpP\ka£w shfn®ØpsIm≠p hcmsa∂pw Rßƒ {]Xymin°p∂p.

sP. \μIpam¿

tZiob kwtbmPI≥, {]⁄m{]hmlv.

IÆq¿ A{IaØns‚ ]›mØeØn¬ ]fl{io ]n. ]ctaizc≥]pds∏Sphn® {]kvXmh\ (2008 am¿®v 31)cq£amb A{Iacm{„obw aqew cmPysaºmSpw Adnbs∏Sp∂{]tZiamWv tIcfØnse IÆq¿ Pn√. \mep ]Xn‰m≠p apºvBcw`n® A{IaßfpsS ]cºc C∂pw Ahkm\n®nń√. kºq¿Æ km£cX t\Snb kwÿm\sa∂ JymXnbp≈ tIcfØn¬,cm{„obhpw {]Xybimkv{X]chpamb `n∂XbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ {Iqcamb sIme]mXIhpw Xohbv∏pw, Gsd°meambnCSXShn√msX \S°p∂psh∂Xv hnNn{Xambn tXm∂mw.a\pjyXzclnXhpw A]cnjvIrXhpamb Cu kw`hßfn¬cmPysØ {]_p≤cmb P\ßƒ Bi¶mIpecmWv.

tIcfØn¬ XpS¿®bmbn Bh¿Øn°s∏Sp∂ A{Iakw`hßƒ°p imizX ]cnlmcw ImWWsa¶n¬, Cu {]iv\sØicnbmb ho£WtImWneqsS hnebncpØn a\ nemt°≠Xp≠v. tIcfØnse kmam\yP\ßƒ°v, tIcfØn\p ]pdØp≈h¿°p Xcnºpw, AdnbmØ{X \o≠ Ncn{Xw Cu A{Ia{]hrØnIƒ°p ]n∂nep≠v. IayqWnÃv- am¿IvknÃv at\mLS\bn¬Aen™p tN¿∂ncn°p∂ ISpØ kwL]cnhm¿ hntcm[wBZyambn shfn®Øp h∂Xv, 1948 P\phcnbn¬ Xncph\¥]pcØv KpcpPn tKmƒh¬°¿ A`nkwt_m[\ sNøm\ncp∂Hcp dmenbnte°v, IayqWnÃv A\pIqe hnZym¿∞n kwLS\Iƒ \SØnb {]Xntj[ am¿®v AXn{Ian®p IbdnbtXmsSbmWv.{]tIm]\sam∂pw IqSmsXbmbncp∂p hnZym¿∞nIfqsSAXn{Iaw. 1949-˛¬ tImgnt°mSnepw Be∏pgbnepw kzbwtkhIsc A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp KpcpPn kwkmcn°ptºmƒ,ktΩf\Øn\pt\sc Bkq{XnX B{IaWap≠mbn. cm{„obkzbwtkhI kwLw A°meØv tIcfØn¬ \n¿WmbIi‡nA√mbncp∂p. F∂n´pw ap≥Iqń Bkq{XWw sNbvX B{IaWØn\p ]n∂nse tNmZ\, ISpØ AklnjvWpXbpw GIm[n]Xy {]hWXbpw Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

B¿FkvFkvtIcfØn¬ IqSpX¬ i‡nbpw P\]n¥pWbpw B¿÷n®tXmsS, IayqWnÃv ]m¿ńbpw AhcpsS]{Xam≤yaßfpw kwLØns\Xnsc Zpjv{]NmcWßƒBcw`n®p. 1950-˛IfnemWv B¿FkvF ns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒhS°≥ tIcfØnte°v, {]tXyIn®pw IÆq¿ Pn√bn¬,hym]n°p∂Xv. AXn\Iw Xs∂ IayqWnÃv ]m¿ń IÆqcns\,AhcpsS tIm´bm°n am‰nbncp∂p. IÆqcn¬ {]h¿Øn°m≥XpSßnb kwLw{]NmcIsc IayqWnÃpIm¿ ojWns∏SpØpIam{Xa√, XmakkuIcyhpw a‰pw \¬ImsX kmaqlnIambn_lnjvIcn°pIbpw sNbvXp. X∑qew sdbn¬th πm‰vt^mapIƒt]mep≈ CSßsf {]NmcI¿°p B{ibnt°≠n h∂n´p≠v.CØcw {]Xnk‘nIsf AXnPohn®v kwLw hf¿∂ph∂t∏mƒ, IayqWnÃpIm¿ ImbnIambn B{Ian°m≥ XpSßn.AXmIs´ hyXykvX Xo{hXbn¬ C∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂p.

ASnb¥ncmhÿ ImeØv B¿FkvFkv IayqWnÃv{]h¿ØIsc cWIqSw Hcpt]mse ASn®a¿Øn ]oVn∏n®ncp∂Xn\m¬, Ah¿°nSbn¬ A\u]NmcnIamb HØpXo¿∏v\nehnep≠mbncp∂p. CcpIqćpw Pbn¬in£ A\p`hn®Xv]ebnSØpw Hcpan®mWv. ASnb¥ncmhÿ ]n≥hen®tijw\S∂ Ce£\n¬ tIm¨{Kkns\ tXm¬∏n°m≥, kwLhpwIayqWnÃpImcpw tXmtfmSptXmƒ tN¿∂p {]h¿Øn®p.F¶nepw Cu Iq´psIń\p Aev]mbpt D≠mbncp∂p≈q.ASnb¥ncmhÿs°Xnsc B¿FkvFkv \SØnbkXyk‘amb t]mcm´w P\]n¥pW Dd∏m°pIbpw, AXvXncs™Sp∏n¬ {]Xnên°pIbpw sNbvXp. IÆq¿ Pn√bnseam¿IvknÃv tImÍfn¬ kwLw hn≈¬ hogvØnsb∂pXncs™Sp∏pêØn¬ sXfn™p. ]cn{`m¥cmb am¿IvknÃpIm¿ F√m am¿Kßfpw D]tbmKn®v kwLsØ FXn¿°m≥XpSßn. \nch[n B¿FkvFkv -_nsP]n {]h¿ØIsc Ah¿sImesNbvXp. kwLhncp≤ sIme]mXI cm{„obØns‚ h≥

thentb‰Øn\mWv 1980˛-Iƒ km£yw hln®Xv. \nch[n{]h¿ØI¿ CXn¬ _enZm\nIfmbn.

kwL]cnhmdn\p t\sc hym]Iamb A{Iaßƒ \SØm≥kn]nsFFΩns\ t{]cn∏n°p∂ as‰mcp kq£vaLSIhpw D≠v.AXy[nIw h¿§oIcn°s∏´ tIcfØnse kmaqlnI kmlNcyßƒ apXseSpØv, \√hn`mKw \yq\]£ thm´pIƒ t\Sm\p≈am¿§amWv Bsds v hncp≤X. \yq\]£ßsf C√mXm °p∂Xn¬ \n∂p Bsds ns\ XSbp∂Xv IayqWnÃpIƒBsW∂pw, lnμp h¿§obhmZnIfn¬ \n∂p \yq\]£ kapZmbßsf kwc£n°m≥ IayqWnÃpIm¿ am{Xtabp≈qsh∂pwAh¿ hmZn°p∂p.

IÆq¿ Pn√bn¬, \nch[n ]©mbØpIfnembn \qdpIW°n\p t]mfnMv _qØpIfn¬ kzX{¥amb P\m[n]Xy{]{Inb A\phZn°s∏ńńs√∂p \ap°v Adnbmhp∂XmWv.AhnsSsb√mw _qØp]nSpØw \SØn, P\ßfn¬ Bscms°thm´p sNøWsa∂pw B¿°p thm´psNøWsa∂pw Xocpam\n°p∂Xv am¿IvknÃv {]h¿ØIcmWv. Cu ÿnXnhntijwAXmXv {]tZißfnep≈ FXn¿]m¿ń thm´¿amcpsS a\ n¬`bhpw A]I¿jXmt_m[hpw kr„n°pw. kXyØn¬ChnSßfn¬ \S°p∂Xv kn]nsFFw \nb{¥n°p∂ P\m[n]Xyhpw, Xncs™Sp∏pIfpw BWv. CXns\Xnsc P\ßfn¬]pIbp∂ Aa¿jw ]cnlcn°m≥, Hcp k¿°mdn\pw C∂phscIgn™nń√.

ASn®a¿Ø¬, AklnjvWqX, imcocnIm{IaWßƒF∂nhbn¬ am¿IvknÃpIm¿°p≈ kpZo¿L ]mcºcyØns‚]›mØeØn¬ thWw CubSpØ ImeØv \S∂ sIme]mXI ]cºcsb t\m°n°mtW≠Xv. C°mcyw P\ßfpw`cWI¿Øm°fpw a\ nem°Ww. CXn¬ ASßnbncn°p∂\oXn\ntj[Øn\p ]q¿W ]cnlmcw ImWmsXbpw, Ce£\n¬kΩXnZmXm°ƒ°p≈ kzmX{¥yw Dd∏m°msXbpw imizXamb kam[m\w kwL¿j{]tZißfn¬ ]p\ÿm]n°s∏Sn√. A¿≤a\t msS FSp°p∂ Xm¬°menI Xocpam\ßƒ°p Cu {]iv\w Fs∂t∂bv°pambn ]cnlcn°m\mIn√.

tIcfØnse A{Iacm{„obw Ahkm\n∏n°m≥ F√m]m¿ńIfpw, {]tXyIn®pw kn]nsFFw, a\ nem°n A\ph¿Ønt°≠ aq∂v {][m\ t]mbn‚pIfp≠v:

1. IÆqcn¬ {]mh¿ØnIam°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ {]tXyI cm{„o-btaJe (Special Political Zone, SPZ) F∂ Bibw kn]nsFFwDt]£n°Ww.

2. C¥ybpsS a‰p`mKßfn¬ \nehnencn°p∂ t]mse, IÆqcnepw kwLw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ Hcp bmYm¿∞yamsW∂v kn]nFw AwKoIcn°Ww. kwLØns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ sIme]mXIßƒ sIm≠v t\cnSmhp∂tXm, B{Kln°ptºmƒ \n¿Øem°m≥ Ignbp∂tXm A√. imJIƒ kwLØns‚ Ahn`mPyLSIamWv. Ah XpScpIXs∂ sNøpw.

3. Xncs™Sp∏pIfn¬ \yq\]£ thm´pIƒ e`n°m\p≈anI® X{¥amWv B¿FkvFkns\Xnsc \SØp∂ B{IaWßƒ, F∂ ZpjvNn¥ kn]nsFFw IsømgnbWw. CusIWnbn¬ hogmXncn°m\p≈ _p≤n tIcfØnse \yq\]£ kaqlØn\p≠v. Khs◊‚ v kwhn[m\ßƒ Zpcp]tbmKw sNbvXv A{IakmlNcyw Ipd®p\mƒ XpS¿∂psIm≠p t]mImsa¶nepw, Zo¿LImetØ°p Cu coXnXo¿Øpw {]mtbmKnIa√.

]n. ]ctaizc≥, apXn¿∂ B¿FkvFkv {]NmcI≥,`mcXob hnNmctI{μw UbdŒ¿, hnthIm\μ tI{μw{]knU‚ v.

Centre for Kerala Socio-economic and Political Studies | 11

BlpXn - ]dbs¸SmsX t]mb XymK¯ns³d IYIÄ


]n.F-kv. {io-[-c≥ \m-b¿ | tIm- -bwsIm√s∏´Xv:1969 sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 7

`m-c-Xo-b P-\-kw-L-Øn-s‚ tIm-´-bw Pn-√mtPmbn‚ v sk-{I-´-dn. s]m≥-Ip-∂w ta-J-e-bn¬kn-]n-Fw t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ A-{I-aw s]m-ń-∏p-d-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, A-Xn¬ ]-cn-t°-‰ H-cp _m-e-s\c£s∏SpØm≥ {ian®Xn\mbncp∂p

sIme]mXIw. Ipńsb B-bp¿-th-Z B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-te-°p sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ {io[c≥ \mbsc hn-h-c-a-dn-s™Ønb am¿-Iv-kn-ÃpIƒ X-S-™p-\n¿-Øn sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

sh-fn-b-Øp-\m-Sv N-{μ-ti-J-c≥ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1970 s^-{_p-h-cn 10

]-chq¿ ta-J-e-bn¬ cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ {]-ap-J im-J-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ssI-Xm-cw.kn-]n-Fw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ a-μo- -hn-°m≥ ssZ\w-Zn-\ im-J Im-c-W-am-b-tXm-sS ap-∂q-tdm-fw h-cp∂kn-]n-Fw Kp-≠-Iƒ im-J B-{I-an-®p. kw-L-Øn-

s‚ Pn-√m im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨{]-ap-Jv B-bn-cp-∂ N-{μ-ti-J-c≥, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv B-{I-a-W-sØ [o-c-am-bn sN-dp-Øv _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

hn. cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1971 s^-{_p-h-cn 1

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]p-Xp-∏-cn-bm-cw im-JmkzbwtkhIm-b cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥, a-Wv-U¬ im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv B-bn-cp-∂p. Du¿-÷z-kz-e hy-‡n-Xzw. an-I-®-kw-Lm-S-I≥.im-J-bnte°v t]m-Ip-tºmƒ cmaIrjvWs\ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ h-gn-bn¬ ]-Xn-bn-cp-∂v shńsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

D-Æn-t®m-bn-°p- n | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1971 am¿-®v 13.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ap-Xn¿-∂ {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p D-Æn-t®m-bn-°p-ń. a’y-_-‘-\am-bn-cp-∂p sXm-gn¬. C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ sIm-esN-ø-s∏-´p.

]n-.]n. -‡-h¬-k-e≥ (Xr-iq¿)_-en-Zm-\Zn-\w: 1973 \-hw-_¿ 1

Nm-h-°mSv ap-√-t»-cn im-Jbnse Aw-Kw. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-Øn-s‚ h-f¿-®-bn¬ hn-dfn ]q-≠ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. AXn-¬ Xr-]v-X-cm-Im-sX i-co-cw k-ao-

]-Øp-≈ In-W-‰n¬ h-en-s®-dn-bpIbpw sNbvXp.

i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥ | Xr-»q¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1974 am¿-®v 10

B¿F-kvFkv A-\p-`m-hn. s\-√n-°-c-bn-ep-≈ k-tlm-Z-cn-bp-sS `-h-\w k-μ¿-in-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®p. I-Øn-sIm-≠v Ip-tØ-‰ i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥ ÿ-e-Øp-h-®vX-s∂ a-cn-®p.

Fw.Sn. Ir-jv-W≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1974 G-{]n¬ 8.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-hp-am-bn _-‘-ap-s≠-∂ Im-c-W-Øm¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS- t\m-´-∏p-≈n-bm-bn-cp-∂p Ir-jv-W≥. sIm-Sp-hm-bq-cn¬h-®v, sN-dp-{]m-b-Øn¬ X-s∂ h-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒA-t±-lw hn-Zym¿-∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

hm-Sn-°¬ cm-a-Ir-jv-W≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1969 G-{]n¬ 28

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ X-e-t»-cn im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. X-ø¬-sXm-gn-em-fn.cm-a-Ir-jv-W-t‚-bpw a-‰pw {]-h¿-Ø-\ -e-am-bn, tZ-io-b{]-ÿm-\-ßƒ-°p X-e-t»-cn ta-J-e-bn¬ -th-tcm-´-ap-≠m-°m\mb-Xv kn-]n--F-Ωn-s\ sNm-Sn-∏n-®p. H-cp cm-{Xn-bn¬, X-ø¬-°-S]q-ń ho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ ]-Xn-bn-cp-∂p B-{I-an-®p. aq¿-®-tb-dn-b B-bp-[w-sIm-≠v sh-t´-‰phoW A-t±-lw _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

tI-c-f-Øn-se B-Zy-sØ cm-{„o-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-Wv hm-Sn-°¬ cm-a-Ir-jv-W-t‚-Xv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cm¬ h-[n-°-s∏- tZ-io-b-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ B-Zy-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥.

hmSn°¬ cmaIrjvWs‚ `mcy eoe. hnhmlw Ign™vGXm\pw Znhkßƒ°Iw Ch¿°p `¿Ømhns\ \jvSs∏´p.47˛h¿jßƒ°papºv \S∂ IΩyqWnÃv B{IaWØn¬cmaIrjvW≥ sIm√s∏´p.

12 | Centre for Kerala Socio-economic and Political Studies


I-cnw-K-cn N-{μ≥ | h-b-\m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1974 \-hw-_¿ 8

h-b-\m-Sv ta-J-e-bn¬ cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´p.

kp-[o-{μ-\m-Yv ss] | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1974 Un-kw-_¿ 24

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-Iv kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-Æ-am-ena-fi¬ k-l-Im-cy-hm-lv. cm-{Xn F- -c-tbm-sS im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv Xn-cn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ kp-[o-{μ-\m-Yv ss] {]o-bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-

‰n hn-Zym¿-∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

N-°≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1978 H-tŒm-_¿ 25.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p N-°≥. Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-b Aw-K-am-b A-t±-lw Iq-en-∏-Wn sN-bv-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_w t]m-‰n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS tIm¨-{K-kv Kp-≠-IfmWv N-°-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-ØnbXv. A-Xpw kz-¥w a-°-fp-sS ap-∂n¬-h-®v.

]-¥-bv-°¬ ]-hn-{X≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1978 H-tŒm-_¿ 29

t_-°-dn D-S-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]-hn-{X≥. cm-hn-se ]m¬-hm-ßm≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ Hm-Sn-®n- p sh-ń. c-£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn A-Sp-Øp-≈ ho-ń¬ I-b-dn-sb-¶n-epw, A-hn-sS-\n-∂p ]p-d-tØ-°p h-en-®n-g-®v sIm-≠p-t]m-bn ho-≠pw sh-ń. X¬-£-Ww a-cn-®p.

]-∂y-∂q¿ c-ho-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1978 \-hw-_¿ 2

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Ln-s‚ (_n-Fw-F-kv) k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am-ln kv-]n-∂n-Mv an-¬ sXm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tPm-en-ÿ-e-Øp \n-∂p a-S-ßnh-cp-tºmƒ sIm-esN-ø-s∏-´p.

Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \m-b¿ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1979 P-\p-h-cn 15

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Bibßtfm-Sv A-\p-`m-h-ap-≈ hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \m-b¿. H-cp A-Uz-t°-‰n-s‚ ¢¿-°v. tIm-S-Xn-te-°p-≈ bm-{Xm-a-t[y, Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-se Iq-\n-bn¬ ]m-e-Øn-\p k-ao-]Øph-®v B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. aq-∂p Zn-h-k-Øn-\p ti-jw B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ a-c-W-a-S-™p.

sI. hn-P-b≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1979 am¿-®v 21

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. Xp-∂¬-∏-Wn-°m-c-\m-b A-t±-lw k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-tcm-sSm-∏w am¿-°-‰n¬-\n-∂p \q¬ hm-ßm≥t]m-Ip-tºmƒ, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ Hm-Sn-®n-´p sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

_m-e-Ir-jv-W-°p-dp-∏v | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1979 G-{]n¬ 3

D-d-® am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p- m-hn-I-fp-≈ Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬-\n-∂p B¿FkvFkv B-i-b-Øn-te-°p B-Ir-„-\m-b hy-‡n-bm-Wv _m-e-Ir-jv-W-°p-dp-∏v. tIm--bw-s]m-øn¬ -t]m-kv-t‰m- o-kn-se t]m-Ãv-am-Ã¿.

_m-e-Ir-jv-W-°p-dp-∏n-s‚ \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-sc sNm-Sn-∏n-®p. C-Xv sIm-e-bv°p-≈ t{]-c-W-bm-bn. tPm-en-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-s°, t]m-kv-t‰m-ô-kn-\p≈n¬-h-®v ]´m∏I¬am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

l-cn-Zm-k≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1979 G-{]n¬ 6

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Ky-Øm¬ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv A-{I-an-I-fp-sS sIm-e-°-Øn-°v C-c-bm-bn.

]n-.sI. c-ho-{μ≥ | ]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1979 \-hw-_¿ 14

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ tIm-g-t©-cn sN-dp-tIm¬-∏p-g J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p ]n.sI. c-ho-{μ≥. a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\ {Kq-∏p-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒG-tIm-]n-∏n-®n-cp-∂ {]-ap-J-cn¬ H-cmƒ. kw-Lw

i-‡-am-b-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v -a-X-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\ {Kq-∏p-Iƒ- sIm-e B-kq - {X-Ww sN-bv -Xp. k-tlm-Z -cn -sb tIm-tf -Pn¬ \n -∂pIqńs°m≠phcm≥ t]m-b c-ho-{μ-s\ A-h¿ {Iq-c-am-bn B-{I-an-®vsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

sI.]n. \m-Wp-am-Ã¿ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 sa-bv 6

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv sk-{I-´-dn. kv-IqƒA-≤ym-]-I≥. ho-Sn-\p k-ao-]-ap-≈ Nm-b-°-S-bn¬C-cn-°p-tºmƒ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ {]-tZ-iwh-f-™v, \m-Wp am-Ã-sd sXc-™p-]n-Sn-®v sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

]m-\p-≠ N-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1978 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 2

am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv tIm-´-bm-bn-cp-∂ ]m-\p-≠-bn¬ P-\n-® N-{μ-s‚ Ip-Spw-_w I-Sp-Ø am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-`mhnIfmbn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw, ]T-\-Im-e-Øv A-t±-lw A-Jn-e m-c-Xo-bhn-Zym¿-∞n ]-cn-j-Øn-te-°v (F-_n-hn-]n) B-I¿-jn-°-s∏-´p. ]n-∂o-Sv cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-

L-Øn¬ Aw-K-am-bn, ap-Jy-in-£-Iv Bbn. N-{μ-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\w am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS Xm-fw-sX-‰n-®p. im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ kw-Lw tN¿-∂p A-t±-l-sØ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.



kp-tc-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 15

Zn-h-k-tPm-en sN-bv-Xv Ip-Spw-_w ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂ kp-tc-{μ≥ \m-´p-Im¿-°n-S-bn¬ [¿-Ω-kp-c≥ F-∂m-Wv kv-t\-l-]q¿-hw hn-fn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. sk-]v-Xw-_¿ ]-Xn-aq-∂n\v cm-{Xn-bn¬, F-cn-t™m-fn-bn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ {Iq-c-am-bn B-{I-an-®p.D-S≥ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw, c-≠p-Zn-h-k-Øn-\p ti-jwa-c-W-Øn-\p Io-g-S-ßn.

tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 18Ip-´-\m-Sv s\-Sp-ap-Sn-bn¬ cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-Ikw-L-Øn-s‚ J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. _-kn¬ bm-{X-sN-øp-tºmƒ, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ t_mw-s_-dn-™v ò-Xn-]-c-Øn, _-kn¬ \n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°nsh-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]-I¬-sh-fn-®-Øn¬ \-S-∂

sIm-e-]m-X-Iw A-tß-b-‰w {Iq-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

I-cn-ºn¬ k-Xo-i≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 H-tŒm-_¿ 23X-e-t»-cn-bn-se {]-ap-J- B¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏-´ H-cp kz-bw-tk-h-I-s\ k-μ¿-in-°m≥ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-te-°v t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hn-h-cw a-W-Ø-dn-™ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ X-S-™p\n¿-Øn sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

s]-cn-¥-ń¬ i-in | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 20Hm-t´m-dn-£ s{sU-h-dm-bn tPm-en-sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂ i-in, cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥ B-bn-cp-∂p. 1980 \-hw-_¿ 17-\pam¿-Iv-kn-ÃpIƒ B-{I-an-®p. Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰ A-t±-lw \-hw-_¿ 20-\p _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. s]-

cn-¥- n¬ i-in-bp-sS sIm-e-]m-X-I-tØm-sS I-Æq-cn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS \-c-\m-bm-´v Iq-Sp-X¬ cq-£-am-bn. tZ-i-kv-t\-ln-I-fm-b \n-c-h-[n {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ Np-cp-ßn-b Zn-h-k-ßƒ-°p-≈n¬ am¿-Iv-kn-ÃvA-{I-an-I-fp-sS sIm-e-°-Øn-°p C-c-bm-bn.

I-hn-bq¿ {io-[-c≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 24cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ sNm-¢n a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv. \-hw-_¿ 17-\p s]-cn-¥-ń¬i-in-tbm-sSm-∏w bm-{X sN-øp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw \-hw-_¿ 24-\p _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

a-[p-kq-Z-\≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 26

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ X-e-t»-cnim-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv B-bn-cp-∂p. a-[p-kq-Z-\≥. I-hn-bq¿ {io-[-c-s‚ a-c-Wm-\-¥-c N-S-ßp-I-fn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

Im-cym-´p-]p-cw cm-Pp | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 26

kn-]n-Fw A-\p- m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂ cm-Pp tZ-io-b- B-i-b-ß-fn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn¬ Aw-K-am-bn. Xp-S¿-∂p I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv tI-{μ-am-bn-cp-∂ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ {Km-aw tI-{μo-I-cn-®v, kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-ß-fn¬-ap-gp-In. C-Xv am¿-

Iv-kn-ÃpImcpsS i-{Xp-X-°p Im-c-W-am-hp-I-bpw A-h¿- A-t±-l-sØsIm-√p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

]m-dm-bn \m-Wp | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 26

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Bib-Øn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn \m-Wp kw-L-Øn¬ tN¿-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-® Im-cym- p-]p-cw cm-Pp-hn-s\ Po-∏n¬ I-b-‰n B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-te-°p sIm-

≠p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ, Po-∏v X-S-™p-\n¿-Øn \m-Wp-hn-s\bpw sh-ń.A-t±-lw X¬-£-Ww sIm-√-s∏-´p.

cm-P≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 26

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw h-S-°m-t©-cn a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂ cm-P≥ ho-ń-te-°p h-cp-∂-h-gn am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fm¬ A-Xn-{Iq-c-am-bn B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\p ]p-d-sa, B-sf Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø hn-

[w, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ i-co-c`m-K-ßƒ sh-ń-am-‰n. C-cp-I-Æp-I-fpw Nq-gv-s∂-Sp-Øv ap-Jw hn-Ir-X-am-°n.

F.Sn. cm-L-h≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 \-hw-_¿ 27

Zo¿-L-Im-ew am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂ cm-L-h≥ kw-L-Øn-s‚ B-i-b-ß-fn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-hp-I-bpw k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-\w B-cw-`n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-I-sf h-√m-sX sNm-Sn-∏n-®p. kw-L-S-\m {]-h¿-Ø-\w I-gn-™v a-S-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ cm-L-h-s\ Snkn P-Mv-j-\n¬h-®v am¿IvknÃpIm¿ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

]m-\p-≠ kp-tc-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1980 Un-kw-_¿ 10

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-fi¬im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ t_mw-s_-dn-™v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

in-h≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 G-{]n¬ 4

\n¿-[-\- l-cn-P≥ Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ P-\n-® in-h-≥ I¿-j-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-hp-am-bp-≈ C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ _-‘w am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-sc A-kz-ÿ-am-°n. A-h¿ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂ -D-t±-iy-tØm-sS in-h-\p-am-bn ku-lr-Z-Øn-em-bn. H-cp-Zn-h-kw ]p-Ø-©n-d-bn-ep-≈ ]m-e-Øn-eq-sS \-S-∂p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂in-h-s\ X-S-™p \n¿-Øn Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.



hn.F. Kw-Km-[-c≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 G-{]n¬ 6

A-Jn-e `m-c-Xo-b hn-Zym¿-∞n ]-cn-j-Øn-s‚ (F-_n-hn-]n) Xm-eq-°v sk-{I-´-dn. 1981-¬, I-eym-ti-cn ]-©m-b-Øv Hm-ô-kn¬ Kw-Km-[-c-\p tPm-ene`n-®p. ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂ C.sI. \m-b-\m-cp-sS P-∑-{Km-a-am-bn-cp-∂p I-eym-ti-cn. tPm-en-bn¬

{]-th-in-®-Xn-s‚ c-≠mw Zn-h-kw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ Hm-ô-kn¬ I-b-dn Kw-Km-[-c-s\ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

]-∂y-∂q¿ Zn-hm-I-c≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 G-{]n¬ 7

Zo¿-L-Im-ew kz-bw-tk-h-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ Zn-hm-I-c≥X-ø¬-tPm-en-bm-Wv sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. cm-{„o-b-hn-tcm-[w aq-ew am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ X-ø¬-I-S \-in-∏n-®v,A-t±-l-sØ {Iq-c-am-bn a¿-±n-®p. ]-´m-∏-I¬ \-S-∂ A-{I-a-Øn¬ Zn-hm-I-c≥ kw- -h-ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v

X-s∂ a-cn-®p.

Fw.sI e-£v-a-W≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 G-{]n¬ 17

_n-sP-]n- X-e-t»-cn a-fi-ew {]-kn-U‚ v. G-{]n¬1-˛\v sN-d-°-c-bn-ep-≈- `m-cy-ho-Sv k-μ¿-in-°p-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. tIm-gn-t°m-Sv sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw G-{]n¬ 17-\v _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

s]m-°≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 14

h-S-I-c-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø≥. \m-Zm-]p-cw h-f-b-Øv H-cp Im¿-jn-I ^m-an-s‚ Np-a-X-e-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. tPm-en-bn¬ G¿-s∏-ń-cn-s° am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv- Kp-≠-I-fm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. i-co-c-am-sI sh-ńPo-h--i-ham-°n-b ti-jw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿- A-t±-l-sØ sh-Sn-h-®vsIm-√pIbmbncp∂p

cm-P-tKm-]m-e≥ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 1

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ B-ep-hI-Sp-ß-√q¿- a-fi¬ im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. I-Sp-ß-√q¿PMv-j-\n¬ kp-lr-Øp-°-fp-am-bn kw-km-cn-®p\n¬-°p-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ cm-P-tKm-]m-en-s\ a¿-±n-®v A-h-i-\m-°n. kw-`h-ÿ-e-Øv

t]m-eo-kv D-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw A-h¿ Im-gv-®-°m-cm-bn \n-∂-tX-bp-≈q. I-Øn-sIm-≠v Ip-tØ-‰ cm-P-tKm-]m¬ _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. t]m-eo-kv A-t±-l-sØ c-£n-°m≥ {i-an-®-tX-bn-√.

in-h-cm-a≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 P-\p-h-cn 10

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Lw {]-h¿-Ø≥. Np-a-´p-sXm-gn-em-fn. a-‰p {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-sc {]-h¿-Øn-°m≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø C-S-Xp-]-£ {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ in-h-cm-a-s\ \n-c-¥-cw o-j-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. H-cp-Zn-h-kw {S-°n¬- \n-∂v N-c-°p-Iƒ C-d-°p-

tºmƒ, Xr-°q-cn¬ h-®v, kn-sF-Sn-bp-°m-cm-b A-{I-an-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ a¿-±n-®v A-h-i-\m-°n Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p. tN-X-\-b-‰ i-co-cw\-Sp-tdm-Un-te-°p h-en-s®-dn-™p.

sI.]n. m-kv-I-c≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 P-\p-h-cn 23

B-Zy-Im-e-Øv ]p-e¿-Øn-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-`m-hw hn-´v _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂ `m-kv-I-c≥, `m-c-Xo-b I¿-j-I-P-\-Xbp-sS I-Æq¿-Pn-√m -I-Ωn-‰n Aw-K-hpw _n-sP-]n tlm-kv-Zp¿-Kv a-Wv-U-ew ssh-kv{]-kn-U‚pw B-bn-cp-∂p. `m-kv-I-c-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-

\w h-gn \nch[n am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-`m-hn-Iƒ _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂Xv kn-]n-F-Ωn-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-em-°n. H-cp Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn,sI.Pn. am-cm¿ Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ ap-Xn¿-∂ t\-Xm-°ƒ k-∂n-ln-X-cm-b ]m¿-ń ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ kw-_-‘n-® ti-jw a-S-ßn h-cp-tºmƒ,Im-™-ßm-Sv \n-∂p 15 In-tem-ao-‰¿ A-I-se-bp-≈ A-ø≥-Im-hn¬h-®v, m-kv-I-c-s\ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. Xp-S¿-∂v A-h¿ A-t±-l-sØ I-s√-dn-™v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

F≥. c-hn | ]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 am¿-®v 1

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ A-Sq¿ im-J im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. P-\ Pm-K-c¨ \n-[n k-am-l-c-W-Øn-\n-sS A-Sq¿ G-gw-Ip-fw t£-{X-Øn-\pk-ao-]w h-®v {]m-tZ-in-I Kp-≠-I-fm¬ B-{I-an-°-

s∏-´p. am-c-I-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰ c-hn _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

sI.sI. K-tW-i≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 G-{]n¬ 4

`m-c-Xo-b P-\-X bp-h-tam¿-®-bp-sS C-cn-™m-e-°p-S a-Wv-U-ew {]-kn-U‚ v. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-I-fm¬ h-[n-°-s∏-´p.

Sn.F≥ Zp¿-Km-Zm-k≥ |sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 Pq-sse 20

a-e-∏p-dw Pn-√-bn¬ P-\n-® Zp¿-Km-Zmk≥, cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-Ikw-L-Øn-s‚ In-fn-am-\q¿ Xm-eq-°v {]-Nm-c-I≥ B-bn-cp-∂p. \n-e-ta¬ F≥-F-kv-F-kv tIm-tf-Pn¬,H-cp kz-bwtk-h-I-s‚ a-I-s‚ {]-th-i-\-°m-cyw A-t\z-jn-®v a-S-ßn-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ A-t±-l-sØ- F-

kv-F- v-sF-°m-cm-b A-{I-an-Iƒ X-S-™p\n¿-Øn B-{I-an-®p.tIm-tf-Pv Im-º-kn-\p-≈n¬ X-s∂ Ip-tØ-‰p ho-W A-t±-lw A-hn-sS-h-®p _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. Zp¿-Km-Zm-kn-s‚ A—≥Sn.F≥. `-c-X≥ -cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ B-Zy-Im-e {]-Nm-c-I-\pw `m-c-Xo-b P-\-kw-Lw tI-c-f L-S-I-Øn-s‚ B-Zy-sØ kw-ÿm-\ {]-kn-U‚p-am-bn-cp-∂p.



hm-k-h≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1983 H-tŒm-_¿ 22

ap-Xp-Ip-f-Øv cm-{„o-b- kz-bwtk-h-I-kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp I-gn-™v h-cp-tºmƒ I-Ωyq-Wn-ÃvKp-≠-Iƒ X-ń-s°m-≠pt]m-bn. hn-P-\-{]-tZ-i-Øph-®v I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ hm-k-h-s\ h-[n-®-Xn-s\, ]m-°n-ÿm≥ ò-I-c¿ C-¥y≥B¿-an Iym-]v-‰≥ ku-c-`vIm-en-b-sb sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b co-Xn-tbm-Sp am-{X-ta Xp-e-\w sN-øm-\m-Iq. ]n-t‰ Zn-h-kw, N-Xp-∏p-\n-e-Øn¬N-hn-ń-Øm-gv-Øn-b \n-e-bn¬ hm-k-h-s‚ ar-X-tZ-lw I-s≠-Sp-Øp.

]n-W-dm-bn N-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 P-\p-h-cn 4

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]n-W-dm-bn Xm-eq-°v Im-cy-hm-lv. I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒt_mw-s_-dn-™p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

D-Æn-°r-jv-W≥ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 am¿-®v 20

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Lw (_n-Fw-F-kv) {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. F-d-Wm-Ip-f-sØ A-º-e-ap-Iƒ sIm-®n≥dn-ss^-\-dn-°p A-Sp-Øp-h-®v sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´p.

k-Xo-i≥ Sn. | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 sa-bv 8

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ Xm-eq-°v Im-cy-hm-lv. C-¥y≥ _m-¶v D-Z-tym-K-ÿ≥. H-cp-Zn-h-kw ho-ń-te-°p \-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ F-kv-F≥ Xn-b-‰-dn-\-Sp-Øv h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ k-Xo-i-s\ B-{I-an-®p sh-ń-s°m-

∂p.

tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 Un-kw-_¿ 18

Xn-cq¿ B-S-h-\m-´v a-Wv-V¬ im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. h-fm-t©-cn-bn¬ h-®p-\-S-∂ hn-im-e-ln-μp k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ C-…m-an-Ia-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´p.

sI. tem-ln-Xm-£≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 Un-kw-_¿ 16

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw, ]p-X-tem-´v im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv.am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ ho-ń¬ I-b-dnsh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

sI.]n. tkm-a≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1984 P-\p-h-cn 18

tN¿-Ø-e a-fi-e-Øn-se _n-sP-]n ]-©m-b-Øv I-Ω-‰n Hm-ô-kv`m-c-hm-ln. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ \-S-Øn-b B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ sIm-√-s∏-´p.

hn-izw- c≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 Pq-sse 18

D-d-® am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-`m-h-ap-≈ Z-fn-Xv Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ P-\n-® hn-izw-`-c≥, cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Ip-´-\m-Sv Xm-eq-°v Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p. H-cp-Zn-h-kw In-S-ß-d im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-am-bn G-‰p-ap-ń. c-£-s∏-Sm-sa-∂ {]-Xo-£-bn¬ A-t±-lw ]p-g-bn-te-°p Nm-Sn \o-¥n. F-∂m¬ A-{I-an-Iƒ I-\-Ø I-t√-dv \-S-Øn \o-¥¬ A-km-[y-am-°n. ]n-∂o-Sv, H-cp h-≈-Øn¬ I-b-dn hn-izw-`-c-s\ sh-ń-s°m-√p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. B-e-∏p-g Su-Wn¬ H-cp amkØn-\p-≈n¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b A-©m-a-sØ _n-sP-]n- B-¿-FkvF- v {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p hn-izw- c≥.

{]-Zo-]v | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1983 G-{]n¬ 8

kn-]n-Fw A-\p-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂ {]-Zo-]v, ]n-∂o-SvtZ-io-b-Xbn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn¬ tN¿-∂p. X-e-t»-cn a-bn-ep-≈-sam-´-bn¬ {]-tZ-i-Øv, _o-Un-°-º-\n sXm-gn-em-

fn-bm-b A-t±-lw kz-¥w {Km-a-Øn¬ H-cp im-J Xp-S-ßn. C-Xn¬Ip-]n-X-cm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ m-Œ-dn B-{I-an-®v, t_mw-s_-dn-™vò-I-cm-¥-co-£w kr-„n-®v A-t±-l-sØ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

k-Xy-tZ-h≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1983 sa-bv 1

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]m¿-ń {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ Ip-Øns°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

A-ø-∏≥ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1983 B-K-Ãv 3

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ F-d-Wm-Ip-fw \m-b-tØm-Sv J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. I¿-j-I-\pw Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-hp-am-b A-t±-lw ap≥ {]-Nm-c-I≥ B-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-ß-fp-sS t]-cn¬ \n-c-¥-cw h-[- o-j-Wn-Iƒ t\-cn- n- p-≠v. t]m-

eo-kn¬ ]-cm-Xn-s∏-s -¶n-epw X-cn-ºpw ]-cn-K-W-\ e- n-®n-√. kw- -h-Zn-h-kw cm-hn-se Un-ssh-F-^v-sF- A-{I-an-Iƒ I-h-c-∏-d-ºv I-h-e-bn-en-´v A-ø-∏-s\ Ip-Øn-s°m-√p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

th-Wp, cm-Pp | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1981 H-tŒm-_¿ 14

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-I-cm-b k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂ Im-e-Øv th-Wp-hn-\p ]Xn∂mepw-cm-Pp-hn-\v ]Xnt\gpw h-b-t D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. _m-e-tKm-Ip-e-Øn-se k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-\w aq-ew am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿-°pC-h-tcm-Sp A-S-ßm-Ø hn-tZz-j-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m-S-Øp ]-Wn-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ {]-tZ-iw h-f-™v, C-cp-h-tc-bpw sh-ń-s°m-∂p.



A¿-Pp-\≥ ]n-≈ | ]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1985 H-tŒm-_¿ 6

kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. sh-´q¿ tI-{μ-am-bn t£-{X-kw-c-£-W k-an-Xn-bp-sS ap-gp-h≥ k-a-b {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. km-aq-ln-I-t{Zm-ln-Iƒ aq¿-®-bp-≈ B-bp-[w D-]-tbm-Kn-®p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

kn. K-tW-i≥ | ]-ø-∂q¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1985 H-tŒm-_¿ 28_n-sP-]n -bp -sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Iq-en∏Wn°mc≥. H-tŒm-_¿ 19-\v A-Xn-cm-hn-se tPm-en-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ, C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-IƒC-cp-ºp-Z-fiv sIm-≠v B-{I-an-®p. H-tŒm-_¿ 28-\p _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

A-\n¬ Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1985 Un-kw-_¿ 2s\-øm-‰n≥-I-c B-ew-s]m-‰ im-J-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. tPm-en-ÿ-e-Øp \n-∂p h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

kp-[m-I-c≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1985 Pq¨ 10

_n-sP-]n Aw-Kw. N-h-d-bn¬ h-®v Kp-≠-Iƒ a¿-±n-®v sIm-∂p.

]n.kn. {io-[-c≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1986 Pq-sse 7

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ sIm-S-I-cimJm -ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bmw-Kw. sXm-gn-em-fn. {io-[-c-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\ an-I-hv aq-ew, [m-

cm-fw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p- m-hn-Iƒ B-¿FkvFkn¬ Aw-K-am-bn. C-Xv kn-]n-F-Ωn-s\ hn-d-fn-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw A-h¿ B-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Pq¨ 27\v \-S-∂ B-{I-a-Øn¬ {io-[-c-\v Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰p. Pp-sse 7-\v _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

sI.Sn. I-\-I≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1986 Pq-sse 22

_n-Fw-F-kn-s‚ Xm-eq-°v sk-{I- -dn. Hm-t´m-dn-£s{sU-h¿. X-e-t»-cn s]-cn-b-ßm-Sn-bn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sh-ń sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

a-Wn-I-WvT≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 sa-bv 23

km-º-Øn-I ]-cm-[o-\-X-bp-≈ Ip-Spw-_mw-K-am-ba-Wn-I-WvT≥ Np-a-´p-sXm-gn-em-fn B-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\pw C-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ k-a-bw I-s≠-Øn. _n-Fw-F-kn¬ Aw-K-am-b ti-jw Po-h-\vò-j-Wn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sa-bv 23-˛\v kn-sF-Sn-bp-A-{I-an-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ Ip-Øn-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

a-e-ºp-g-bn-se I-©n-t°m-´v h-®m-Wv kw-`-hw.

]n.sI. a-[p-em¬ | tIm- -bwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 Pq-sse 20

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-mS-∏≈na-Wv-U¬ _mem{]-ap-Jv. N-ß-\m-t»-cn ]m-bn-∏m-Svkz-tZ-in-bm-Wv. im-J I-gn-™v ho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

hn-ap-‡- -S-\m-b [¿-Ω-P≥ kn-]n-Fw A-\p- m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n-∂o-Sv cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-hp-am-bn A-Sp-Øp. _n-sP-]n-bp-sS a-Wv-U-ew -IΩ-‰n Aw-K-am-bpw {]-h¿-Øn-®p. [¿-Ω-P-s‚c-≠v ]p-{Xn-am-cpw cm-{„-tk-hn-Imk-an-Xn-bn¬ k-Po-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

tI-c-f-Øn¬ \-S-∂ cm-{„o-bsIm-e-]m-X-I-ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw c-

‡-cq-jn-X-hpw {Iq-c-hp-am-b H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p [¿-Ω-P≥-, b-tim-Z Z-º-Xn-bp-sS sIm-e. B-e-∏p-g Su-Wn-s‚ lr-Z-b-`m-K-Øp cm-hn-se- H-º-Xp-a-Wn-tbm-sS-bm-Wv {Iq-c-Ir-Xyw A-c-tß-dn-b-Xv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ C-cp-h-tc-bpw ssk-°nƒ sN-bn≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v {Iq-c-am-bn a¿-±n-®p. ar-X-{]m-b-cm-b [¿-Ω-P-t\-bpw b-tim-Z-tb-bpwXp-S¿-∂v sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-I-fp-sS ]n-Sn-bn¬s]-Sm-sX C-h-cp-sS a-Iƒ Kn-cn-P km-l-kn-I-am-bn c-£-

s∏-´p.ap≥-Iq- n X-øm-dm-°n-b Xn-c-°-

Y {]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ \-S-Øn-b tX¿-hm-gv-N. cm-{„-tk-hn-Imk-an-Xn-bn¬ k-Po-h-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ Kn-cn-P-sbC-Xn-\p-ap-ºv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿B-{I-an-®n-cp-∂p. [¿-Ω-P≥, -b-tim-Z Ip-Spw-_w C-Xn-s\ \n-b-a-]-c-am-bn t\-cn-´p. tI-kv tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ hm-Zw B-cw-`n-®v ap-t∂-dp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Im-cy-ßƒIp-g-∏-Øn-em-hp-I-bm-sW-∂p I-≠ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ H-Øp-Xo¿-∏n-\v \n¿-_-‘n-s®-¶n-epw A-Ø-cw {i-a-ß-sf-√mw [¿-Ω-P-s‚Ip-Spw-_-sØ ò-j-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-em-Wv A-h-km-\n-®-Xv. ]-c-kv-]-c-k-l-I-c-W-Øn-s‚ m-j A-dn-bm-Ø I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Im-tcm-Sp [¿-Ω-P≥ X-s‚ \o-c-kw Xp-d-∂p ]-d-™p. C-tXm-sS am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ C-cp-h-tc-bpw I-cp-W-bn-√m-sX sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

[¿-Ω-P≥, - b-timZ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 Pq¨ 13



Kw-Km-[-c≥ \m-b¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 B-K-Ãv 26

Kw-Km-[-c≥ \m-b-cp-tS-bpw Ip-Spw-_-Øn-t‚-bpw {]-h¿-Ø\-^-e-am-bn, kn-]n--F-Ωn-s‚ i-‡n-tI-{μ-am-b D-≈q-cn¬, _n-sP-]n- h-f-sck-Po-h-am-bn. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ a-I≥ kz-bw-tk-h-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kw--h Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn, F-√m Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpw Sn-hn I-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ

am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ A-Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn- A-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn- p.Kw-Km-[-c≥ \m-b-sc sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-Xv-\n-°v Kp-cp-X-c]-cn-t°-‰p.

in-h-cm-a≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 26

F-Iv-kv k¿-ho-kp-Im-c-\m-b in-h-cm-a≥ hn-iz-ln-μp ]-cn-j-Øv {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]p-Xp-°m-Sv,sIm-S-I-c ]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂ sXm-´p-Iq-Sm-bv-a-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ in-h-cm-a-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-ßƒ h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw P-\-{i-≤ ]n-Sn-®p-]-‰n. in-h-cm-a-s‚ P-\-k-Ω-Xn-bn¬ hn-d-fn-]q-≠ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-

Im¿ {]-Xn-Im-c-am-bn A-t±-l-sØ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

l-cn-l-c A-ø¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 \-hw-_¿ 6

{io-h-cm-l-sØ cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. sS-Iv-kv-ss‰¬ tjm-dqw Po-h-\-°m-c≥. ITn-\m-[zm-\n-bm-b l-cn-l-cA-ø¿, tjm-dqw tPm-en-°p ]p-d-sa P-∑`q-an, am-Xr-`q-an ]-{X-ß-fp-sS hn-X-c-W-°m-c≥ Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-sØ ]-´m-∏-I¬ Un-ssh-F-^v-sF-°m¿ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se h-cp-am-\-ap-≈ G-I hy-‡n-bm-b l-cn-l-c A-ø¿-°v sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ 18 h-b- p am-{X-ta D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

Sn.]n. Zm-tam-Z-c≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 \-hw-_¿ 18

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS ]p-©-°m-Sv _q-Øv I-Ωn-‰n {]-kn-U‚ v. kn-]n-F-Ωn¬ \n-∂p cm-Pn-h-®v _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂ hy-‡n. sIm-e-bv-°p C-Xv Im-c-W-am-bn. C-cp-ń-s‚ a-d-hn¬ kn-]n-Fw Kp-≠-Iƒ \-S-Øn-b B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ Zm-tam-Z-c≥ sIm-√-s∏-´p.

aq¿-°n-∂-°-c X-ºn | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 Un-kw-_¿ 7

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ H-√q¿ ta-J-ebnse {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fm¬ sIm-e sN-ø-s∏-´p.

F-kv.Un. cw-K-\m-Y≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1987 Un-kw-_¿ 12

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-©n-t°m-Sv bq-Wn-‰v sk-{I-´-dn. ap≥ kn-sF-Sn-bp {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.tZ-io-b- B-i-b-ß-fn-te-°p Iq-Sp-am-dn-b-Xn-\m¬ kn-]n--F-Ωp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ h-[n-®p.

hn-P-b≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 P-\p-h-cn 10

C-c-hn-]p-c-sØ m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Lw {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-I-fm¬ sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´p.

I-S-bv-°¬ P-b≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 s^-{_p-h-cn 16

am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS tIm-´-bm-b I-S-bv-°-en¬, _n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°p Xp-S-°-an- -Xv P-b≥ F-∂p hn-fn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂ cm-a-N-{μ≥ ]n-≈-bm-bn-cp-∂p. I-S-bv-°¬ t£-{X-Øn¬ D’-h-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \-S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-sS A-t±-l-sØ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw{]-h¿-Ø-I¿. ap-c-fn sN-∂n-Ø-ea-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p. [¿-Ω-P≥, -b-tim-Z Z-º-Xn-I-sf am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ {Iq-c-am-bn sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v B-e-∏p-g-bn¬ kw-L¿-jw\n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ k-a-bw.

H-cp kz-bw-tk-h-I-s‚ ho-Sp h-f-™v, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ hr-≤-cm-

b am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf kn-]n-F-Ωp-Im¿ ò-j-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS \n-e-hn-fn-tI- v ap-c-fn-bpw I-em-[-c-\pw H-cp-Iq- w {]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-am-bn h-∂v Im-cy-a-t\z-jn-®p. {]-iv-\-ßƒ X¬-°m-e-tØ-°p ]-d-™pXo¿-Øv C-cp-h-cpw ho-ń-te-°p Xn-cn-®p-t]m-bn.

h-gn-a-s≤y-bp-≈ H-cp A-º-e-Øn¬ c-≠p-t]-cpw Z¿-i-\-Øn-\m-bn I-b-dn. Cu hn-h-cw a-W-Ø-dn-™ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ Iq--am-sb-Øn A-º-e-Øn-te-°v A-

Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn. ]q-Pm-cn-sb sI-ń-bn-´ ti-jw, ap-c-fn-sb X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń. A-t±-lwX¬-£-Ww sIm-√-s∏-´p. \o-N-am-b Cu sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\pam¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-Sp-hm-fpw \o-≠-I-Øn-I-fpw D-]-tbm-Kn-®p.I-em-[-c≥ c-£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn Hm-Sn-sb-¶n-epw, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ ]n-¥p-S¿-∂v ]n-Sn-®v sh-ń-s°m-∂p. ar-X-tZ-lw t£-{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øp X-s∂ sIm-≠p-h-∂n-´p.

ap-c-fn, I-em-[-c≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 Pq¨ 14



sIm-tøm-S≥ hn-iz-\m-Y≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 am¿-®v 3

k-Po-h _nsP]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. A-⁄m-X-cm-bA-{I-an-I-fm¬ h-[n-°-s∏-´p. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\vG-Xm-\pw B-gv-N-Iƒ ap-ºv, I-Æq¿ ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a¬-k-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

sh≥-]m-e in-h-cm-a≥ \m-b¿ |]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 G-{]n¬ 5

1988 am¿-®v 15-\v \-S-∂ `m-c-X-_-μn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ Xn-cp-h-√-bn-se I-Z-fo-aw-K-ew t£-{Xw B-{I-an-®p \m-i-\-„-ßƒ h-cp-Øn. C-Xn-s‚ Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn am¿-®v 22-\pw t£-{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øv am¿-Iv-kn-

Ãp-Im¿ kw-L¿-j-ap-≠m-°n. _n-sP-]n A-\p- m-hn-bm-b in-h-cm-a≥\m-b¿-°v {Iq-c-am-b a¿-±-\-ta-‰p. tIm- -bw sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pv B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw G-{]n¬ 5\v _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

Xn-cp-aq-e-]p-cw tam-l-\≥ | ]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 sa-bv 7

kn-]n-FΩpImc\m-bn-cp-∂ tam-l-\≥ tZ-io-b B-i-b-ß-fn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn B¿FkvFkn¬ Aw-K-am-bn. {io-\m-cm-b-W tk-hm-kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1988-se Hm-W-°m-e-Øv, {io-\m-cm-b-WKp-cp-tZ-h-s‚ {]-Xn-a am¿-Iv-

kn-Ãp-Im¿ tI-Sp-h-cp-Øn. C-Xn-s\-Xn-sc tam-l-\-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬i-‡-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[ {]-I-S-\-ap-≠m-bn. {]-Xn-Im-cw sN-øm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-® am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿, im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒA-t±-l-sØ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

hn. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 Pq-sse 11.

I-©n-t°m-Sv ta-J-e-bn-se k-Po-h _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. _-kn¬ bm-{X sN-øp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ h-en-®n-d-°n sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

]p-jv-]-cm-P≥ | ]-Ø-\w-Xn-sIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 30.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]-¥-fw ]-S-\n-ew J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. ho-ń¬ A-Xn-{I-an-®pI-b-dn I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

A-\n¬-Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 Un-kw-_¿ 2.

s\-øm-‰n≥-I-c s]-cp-º-g-Øq¿ im-J-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. -Iq-en∏Wn°mc≥. tPm-en I-gn-™v ho-ń-te-°p h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

_m-e-Ir-jv-W≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1989 G-{]n¬ 17

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Ip-´-\m-SvXm-eq-°v, I-Æm-Sn a-Wv-U¬ im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. hn-hm-l-Øn-\v G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-kw ap-ºv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

i-io-{μ≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1989 Pq-sse 8

B-e-∏p-g h-en-b I-e-hq¿ im-J-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. \q-tdm-fw h-cp-∂ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-IƒB-¿FkvFkv -im-J B-{I-an-®-t∏mƒ i-io-{μ≥[o-c-am-bn sN-dp-Øp-\n-∂v _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. ]m-\p-≠ N-{μ-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\p ti-jw am¿-Iv-

kn-Ãp-Im¿ im-J B-{I-an-® c-≠m-a-sØ kw-`-h-am-Wv h-en-b I-e-hq¿ B-{I-a-Ww.

sI. c-ta-i≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1989 Pq-sse 17

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. H-cp-Zn-h-kwssh-Ip-t∂-cw, t_-∏q-cn-ep-≈ I-S-bn-en-cp-∂v Nm-b Ip-Sn-°p-tºmƒ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ A-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn-´p. c-ta-i≥ Ip-tØ-‰p a-cn-®p.

Xr-iq¿-, I-gn-{ºw ta-J-e-bn-se -a¬-ky-_-‘-\ sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ.C-cp-h-cp-tS-bpw \n-kzm¿-∞ {]-h¿-Ø\-ß-fp-sS -e-am-bn Cu {]-tZ-i-Øv kw-Lw i-‡-am-bn.

kw- -h-Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ Iq- -am-sb-Øn {]-tZ-iw h-f-™p. B-¿FkvFkv-{]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS ho-Sp-Iƒ sXc-

sI. cm-P≥, F≥.hn. kp-{_-lv-a-Wy≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1982 Pq-sse 21

™p]nSn®v s]-t{Smƒ H-gn-®v I-Øn-®p. Hm-Sn c-£-s∏-Sm≥ {i-an-® cm-P-t‚-bpw kp-{_-lv-a-Wy-t‚-bpw ssI-Im-ep-Iƒ sh-ń-\p-dp-°n. c-‡w hm¿-∂v, N-en-°m≥]-‰m-sX In-S-∂ C-cp-h-tc-bpw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ s]-t{Smƒ H-gn-®v Po-h-t\m-sS I-Øn-®p.

cm-tP-jv, em-en-°p- ≥, th-Wp-tKm-]m¬ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1988 B-K-Ãv 17.

1988˛-¬ \-S-∂ ap-cn-°pw-]p-g kw-`-hw tI-c-f-sØ \-Sp-°n-b c-‡-cq-jn-X Iq-´-s°m-e-bm-Wv. a-e-bm-f-am-kw Nn-ßw 1, A-Øw \m-fn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ ap-cn-°pw-]p-g {]-tZ-i-Øm-sI A-{I-aw A-gn-

apcn°pw]pg Iq- -s°m-e HmW°meØvtIcfsØ \Sp°nb AcpwsIme

®p-hn-´p. th-Wp-tKm-]m¬, cm-tP-jv, em-en-°p-´≥ F-∂o aq-∂v kz-bw-tk-h-I-sc A-h¿ h-[n-®p. th-Wp-tKm-]m-epw em-en-°p- -\pw πw-_n-Mv sXmgnemfnIfpw cm-tP-jv {]o-Un-{Kn hn-Zym¿-∞n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ap-√-t»-cn im-J-bp-sS ap-Jy-in-£-Iv B-bn-cp-∂p cm-tP-jv.

ap-cn-°pw-]p-g t£-{X-Øn-\p t\-sc \-S-∂ t_mw-t_-dv ap-X-em-Wv{]-iv-\-ßƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. t_mw-t_-dn¬ em-en-°p- -\p Kp-cp-X-c]-cn-°v ]-‰n. N-en-°m≥ ]-‰m-Ø \n-e-bn-em-b A-t±-l-sØ, Im-en¬ I-b-dp-sI- n, t£-{X-Øn¬-\n-∂p- Ip-d-®-I-se-bp-≈ sN-dp-Im- n-te-°pam¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ h-en-®n-g-®p sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. A-hn-sS-bn-´p X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ńs°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

cm-tP-jn-t\-bpw th-Wp-tKm-]m-en-t\-bpw X-ń-s°m-≠p t]m-bn,hn-P-\-{]-tZ-i-Øp-h-®v Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p. aq-∂p-t]-cp-tS-bpw ar-X-tZ-lw]n-t‰-∂p am-{X-ta I-≠p-In-ń-bp-≈q. em-en-°p-´-s‚ i-co-cw Aw-K-

`wKw- h-cp-Øn-b \n-e-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. th-Wp-tKm-]m-en-s‚ ar-X-i-co-cw s\¬-]m-S-Øn-se sN-fn-bn¬ N-hn- n-Øm-gv-Øn-b \n-e-bn-epw. \o-N-am-b Cu Iq-´-s°m-e-bv°p c-≠p-Zn-h-kw ap-ºv, {]m-tZ-in-IB¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc Hm-Ww B-tLm-jn-°m≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°n-s√-∂v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv t\-Xm-°ƒ I-h-e-I-fn¬-]-c-ky-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂p. A-h¿ A-Xv A-£-cw-{]-Xn-\-S-∏n-em-°n.

sIm-√-s∏-´ B-flm-hp-Iƒ-°p-≈ B-Z-cm-⁄-en-bm-bn, kw-ÿm-\-sam- m-sI {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ Hm-W-Zn-h-kw D-]-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°m≥ cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw- B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xp.



Sn.sI. hn-iz-\m-Y≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1989 B-K-Ãv 3

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]m-∏n-\n-t»-cn a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv. D-d-® am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p`m-hn-I-fp-≈ Ip-Spw-_-am-bn-cp-∂p hn-iz-\m-Y-t‚-Xv. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A—≥ ]m¿-ń-bp-sS {]-ap-Jt\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw hn-iz-\m-Y≥ tIm-tf-Pv X-

ew ap-X¬ tZ-io-b- B-i-b-ß-fn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn kw-L-Øn¬-Aw-K-am-bn tN¿-∂p. A-∂-sØ ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂ C.-sI. \m-b-\m-cp-sS kz-tZ-i-am-b A-tcm-fn tI-{μ-am-°n-bm-Wv hn-iz-\m-Y≥{]-[m-\-am-bpw {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A-tcm-fn K-h-s◊‚ v kv-Iq-fn¬F-_n-hn-]n ÿm-\m¿-∞n-Iƒ hn-P-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ h-sc Im-cy-ß-sf-Øn. k-ao-] kv-Iq-fp-I-fn-epw F-_n-hn-]n-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ i-‡-am-b-tXm-sS am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ hn-c-≠p. A-h¿ hn-iz-\m-Y-s\ {Iq-c-am-bn sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

B¿. \-Ip-e≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1989 B-K-Ãv 9

ap≥-Im-e am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {]h¿-Ø-I≥. tZ-io-b {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn kz-bw-tk-h-I-\m-bn. ]-≈n-°¬ im-J Aw-Kw. \-Ip-e-s‚ an-I-® {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ^-e-am-bn Z-fn-Xv ]-›m-Ø-e-ap-≈-h¿ Dƒ-s∏-sS \n-c-h-[n-bm-fp-Iƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv tN-cn-bn¬ \n-∂p kw-L-]-£-tØ-°p Iq-

Sp-am-dn. {]-Xn-Im-c-Øn-\m-bn am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ Kq-Vm-tem-N-\ \-S-Øn. sIm-´m-c-°-c-bn¬ \-Ip-e≥ \-S-Øp-∂ Nm-b-°-S-°p ap-∂n¬h-®v A-t±-l-sØ, B¿-F-kv-]n Kp-≠-I-fp-am-bn tN¿-∂v, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

Fw.Sn.sI. I-cp-W≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1985 sa-bv 17

B-¿FkvFkv a-fi¬ Im-cy-hm-lv. Bip]{Xnbn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-®n-cp-∂ A-b¬-hm-kn-sb k-μ¿-in-®v Xn-cn-®p-h-cp-∂ h-gn, ]m-\q¿ ]q-t°mw I-\m¬-tdm-Un¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ I-cp-W-s\ X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

k-Xo-i≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 G-{]n¬ 13

Ip-≠-d Xm-eq-°v I-√-bv-°¬ im-J-bn-se k-Po-h{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. im-J-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv a-S-ßnh-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. k-Xo-i-s‚ H-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ k-tlm-Z-c≥ k-Zm-in-h-\pwA-{I-a-Øn¬ Kp-cp-X-c-]-cn-t°-‰p. A-{I-a-Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn-bn¬ k-Xo-i≥ a-c-W-Øn-\p Io-g-S-ßn. \-s´-

√n-\p ]-cn-t°-‰ k-Zm-in-h≥ Zo¿-L-\m-f-sØ B-ip-]-{Xn-hm-k-Øn-\p ti-jw a-c-W-a-S-™p.

Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-fm-b k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿ ap-ºv kn-]n-F-Ωn¬Aw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-]-£-tØ-°p-≈ C-h-cp-sS Iq-Sp-am-‰-sØXp-S¿-∂v {]-tZ-i-Øp-≈ A-t\-Iw t]¿ A-tX ]m-X ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p.kzm-[o-\w A-b-bp-I-bm-sW-∂p am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿-°p t_m-[y-am-bn.{]-iv-\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\p A-h¿ I-s≠-Øn-b t]mw-h-gn sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

N-{μ-ti-J-c≥ \m-b¿ | tIm- -bwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 Pq¨ 15.

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h Aw-Kw.X-Sn-an¬ sXm-gn-em-fn. ap-Jw a-d-s®-Øn-b A-{I-an-I-fm¬ sIm-e sN-ø-s∏-´p.

t{]w-Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 Pq-sse 21

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-Lw {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.km-aq-ln-I hn-cp-≤¿-s°-Xn-sc i-‡-am-b {]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-\p ap-∂n-ń-d-ßn. Pq-sse 20-\p cm-{Xn-bn¬sh-t´-‰p a-cn-®p.

kp-tc-jv Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 1

Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. A-⁄m-X-cm-b A-{I-an-I-fm¬ sIm-esN-ø-s∏-´p.

kn-.]n. h¬-k-cm-Pv | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 H-tŒm-_¿ 17

kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. h¬-k-cm-Pn-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c≥ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS a-Wv-U-ew {]-kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂p. I-\n-∏-d-ºv A-ßm-Sn-bn¬ h-®v C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ h¬-k-cm-Pn-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

I-Æ≥ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 H-tŒm-_¿ 20

]m-tßm-Sv ta-J-e-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ kw-_-‘n-® ti-jw, a-‰pkz-bw-tk-h-I¿-s°m-∏w a-S-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fp-sS B-{I-an-®p. I-Æ≥ kw- -h-ÿ-

e-Øv h-®p-X-s∂ a-cn-®p. a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰p

cm-tP-{μ≥ | tIm- -bwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 H-tŒm-_¿ 21

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ sXm-Sp-]p-g C-S-h- n a-Wv-U¬ im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. A-⁄m-X-cm-b A-{I-an-I-fm¬ sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´p.

kp-\n¬ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1990 Un-kw-_¿ 7

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ \ocm-hn¬im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fp-sS B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ sIm-√-s∏-´p.

a-Wn-I-WvT≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 am¿-®v 4

h-≈n-t°m-Sn-se m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Lw {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Np-a- psXm-gn-em-fn. ap≥ kn-]n--Fw Aw-Kw. _n-Fw-F-kn-s‚ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv Xn-cn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.



sI sI Zn-hm-I-c≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 am¿-®v 4

_n-sP-]n \m-ń-I a-Wv-U-ew {]-kn-U‚ v. hn-ap-‡-`-S≥. h-e-∏m-´v h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ X-e-bv-°-Sn-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

`m-kv-I-c≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 am¿-®v 12

B-¿FkvFkv im-Jmap-Jy-in-£-Iv. sd-bn¬-thD--tZym-K-ÿ≥. tPm-en-ÿ-e-Øp \n-∂v ho- n-te-°ph-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®v sIm-∂p.sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A-t±-l-Øn-\p 55 h-b- m-bn-cp-∂p.

{]-Zo-]v | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 G-{]n¬ 19.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-Wv-U¬ im-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. Ip-´-\m-Sv Im-hm-ew ta-J-e-bn¬ kw-L-Øn-s‚ kzm-[o-\w hym-]n-°m≥ {]-Zo-]n-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ Im-c-W-am-bn. hn-iz-ln-μp ]-cn-j-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv a-S-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ a-gp-sIm-≠v sh-ń-s°m-√p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]-Zv-a-\m- ≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 sa-bv 23

ap≥ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv. _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂v hm¿-Uv {]-kn-U‚m-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®p h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h-b-em-dn¬ h-®v sIm-√-s∏-´p.

hn-P-b≥ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 P-\p-h-cn 10

h-ø-aq-e kz-tZ-in-bm-b- _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. ]q-¥p-d I-em-]-Øn-\n-sS t]m-eo-kv sh-Sn-h-bv-∏n¬sIm-√-s∏-´p. kv-Iq-´-dn¬ k-©-cn-°p-tºmƒ H-cp_p-≈-‰v e-£yw sX-‰n i-co-c-Øn¬ G¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

kp-tc-jv Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 P-\p-h-cn 10

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h Aw-Kw. ]q-¥p-d I-em-]-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ a-W-°m-Sn¬ h-®v C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

hn-P-b≥ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 P-\p-h-cn 10

F-_n-hn-]n- Xm-eq-°v sk-{I-´-dn. 1972-¬ sIm-®n≥ tIm-tf-Pv hn-Zym¿-∞n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]n≥-kn-∏-ep-am-bn N¿-® \-S-Øn-b ti-jw ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-tºmƒ F-kv-F-^v-sF Kp-≠-Iƒ \-s´-√n\v Ip-Øn ]-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. N-e-\-ti-jn \-„-s∏-´ hn-P-b≥ C-cp-]-Xv h¿-jw ]q¿-W-am-bpw In-S-∏n-em-bn. 1992 P-\p-h-cn 10-\v Zn-hw-K-X-\m-bn.

km-P≥ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 sa-bv 3

B¿FkvFkv- B-‰n-ß¬/h-´-∏m-d im-Jm ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. H-cp-Zn-h-kw D-®bv°v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿t_mw-s_-dn-™v ò-Xn ]-c-Øn-b ti-jw km-P-s‚ hoSv B-{I-an-®p. km-P≥ ]p-d-tØ-°p Nm-SnHm-Sn-sb-¶n-epw A-{I-an-Iƒ ]n-¥p-S¿-∂psN-∂v Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

A-\n¬-Ip-am¿ | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 H-tŒm-_¿ 7

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-´m-t©-cn im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. 1992-I-fn¬ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c- q-an-bm-bn-cp-∂p a- m-t©-cn._n-sP-]n-, B¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿-°p t\-sc

A-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xv A-h-cp-sS ]-Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. A-Ø-c-sam-cp A-{I-a--Øn¬, im-J-bn¬ \n-∂p a-S-ßn-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂, A-\n¬-Ip-am-dn-s\ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

_n. N-{μp | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 H-tŒm-_¿ 8

_n-sP-]n A-\p-`m-hn. a-´m-t©-cn I-em-]-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ h-[n-°-s∏-´p.

Ir-jv-W-Zm-kv | F-d-Wm-Ip-fwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 H-tŒm-_¿ 16

_n-sP-]n A-\p- m-hn. a- m-t©-cn-bn¬ _n-kn-\-kp-Im-c≥. C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

th-Wp | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 Un-kw-_¿ 7

_n-sP-]n A-\p-`m-hn. ]q-t°m-´q-cn¬ h-®v C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

ap-°-Æ≥ tIm-cp-Ip- n | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 Un-kw-_¿ 8

_n-sP-]n A-\p- m-hn. C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fp-sSB-{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n-∂p c-£-s∏-Sm≥ Hm-Sn-b tIm-cp-Ip-ń-sb A-h¿ ]n-¥p-S¿--∂v sh-ń. c-≠p Zn-h-k-Øn-\p ti-jw Un-kw-_¿ 10-\v ar-X-tZ-lw I-s≠-Sp-Øp.

Iu-k-ey | tIm-´-bwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1991 sa-bv 22.

a-ln-fm tam¿-® ssh-°w a-Wv-U-ew {]-kn-U‚ v. A-c-b k-ap-Zm-bmw-Kw. I-ayq-Wn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ ho-ń-te-°p A-Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn- Iu-k-ey-sb I-Øn-sIm-≠v Ip-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.c-‡w hm¿-s∂m-gp-Ip-∂ \n-e-bn¬ A-h-sc B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬{]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw I-ayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ ]n-∂m-se-sb-Øn Iu-k-ey-sb ho-≠pw X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh- n. X¬-£-Ww sIm-√-s∏-´p.



A{IaØns‚ IayqWnÃv]mcºcyw{IqcXbpsS ImcyØn¬ CSXp]£ cm{„obwa¬kcn°p∂Xv Xmen_m≥ òIcctcmSmWv. cm{„obFXncmfnIsf sImes∏SpØnb tijw, AhcpsSIpSpw_mwKßsf \nkmc ImcWØmtem, C√m°YIƒsa\t™m \nc¥cw D]{Zhn°p∂Xv IayqWnÃv coXnbmWv.

[m¿ΩnI]£hpw A[m¿ΩnI i‡nIfpw XΩnep≈kwL¿jØneqsS C¥y IS∂pt]mIp∂ ImeamWnXv.Imivaocn¬\n∂p XpSßn OØokvKUv, t\m¿ØvCuÃvF∂nhnSßfn¬ hsc \S°p∂ kw`hßƒ kqNn∏n°p∂XvAXmWv. 'ssZhØns‚ kz¥w \mSv' F∂p HcpImeØvAdnbs∏ńcp∂ tIcfØnemIs´" kwL¿jw hfsc]XnhmWv.

`mcXØns‚ khntijamb kmwkvImcnI aqeyßƒ°phneI¬∏n°p∂hcpw, AXn\p FXncv \n¬°p∂ sshtZinI,A[n\nthi {]Xybimkv{Xßfpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿jwIptd \q‰m≠pIfmbn C¥ybn¬ \nehnep≠v. hnhn[s]mbvapJßƒ AWn™v {]Xy£s∏Spsa¶nepwlnμp[¿Ω kaqltØbpw ]mcºcytØbpwFXn¿°p∂hcpsS Dt±iip≤n kwibteias\yhy‡amWv - Xt±iobambn D¬`hn®v hnIkn®ph∂ F√maqeyßtfbpw ⁄m\tØbpw XpS®p\o°n, `mcXobXXcnºpw C√mØ sshtZinI {]Xybimkv{XßƒkzoIcn°m≥ X°hn[w P\ßfpsS am\knI\ne Hcp°pI.`cWIqSòIcX hgn, ]ckv]cw c‡_‘ap≈ hnhn[P\hn`mKßsf XΩn¬ X√n°pIsb∂ sImtfmWnb¬IpSneX{¥w Xs∂bmWv ChnsS ZriyamIp∂Xv. C¥y≥`cWLS\ Dd∏p\¬Ip∂ ]uckzmX{¥yØns‚ \Kv\ambewL\hpw, P\m[n]Xy-_lpkzc Bibßƒ°phncp≤hpamWnXv.

i{XpXm]camb sFUntbmfPnbpw at\m`mhhpwam{Xa√ C¥ybvs°Xnsc AWn\nc°p∂Xv; kmºØnIXncnadnbpw AXp]tbmKn®p≈ òIc]cnioe\hpwcmPyØns\Xnsc {]h¿Øn°p∂p≠v. lnμphns‚kmwkvImcnI [mcbpw PohnXhpw F∂pw kam[m\]chpw]ptcmKa\ kz`mhap≈XpamWv. F∂m¬ C°meØp,\mknIƒ°p kam\ambhcn¬ \n∂pw Ãmen\nÃv-t]mƒt]m"ImeL´Ønse AXn{Iqccmb Kdn√Isf t]mep≈hcn¬\n∂pw, sslμh¿ {]tIm]\an√msX A{Iaßƒt\cnSpIbmWv.

sFknknt\mSp a¬kcn®psIm≠v, CSXp]£ oIcXC¥y≥ ]uc∑mcpsS kpc£bv°pw a\pjymhImißƒ°pwhenb ojWnbmbncn°p∂p. hntcm[m`mksa∂p ]dbs´,]m¿esa‚n\p≈ntem ]pdtØm IayqWnÃv òIcXN¿®sNøWsa∂ Bhiyw t]mepw Dbcmdn√. Cu hnjbwN¿® sNøs∏´m¬, IayqWnÃv òIcXsb D∑qe\w

sNøm\p≈ \S]SnIfnt∑¬ Hcp kahmbw km[yamIpw.

IayqWnÃv {]Xybimkv{X òIcX°p Ccbmb Hcpkwÿm\amWv tIcfw. mcXobX°p hncp≤amb i‡nIƒtIcfsØ c‡]¶neamb Hcp s]mfn‰n°¬ bp≤`qanB°nbn´p≠v. am¿IvknÃv ≠sa‚enÃpIfpw, C…manIPnlmZnIfpw, AklnjvWp°fmb Chm©en°¬aXauenIhmZnIfpw tN¿∂ Ahnip≤ Iq´psIńs‚{]Xy£ sXfnhpIfmWv tZikvt\lnIfmb bphm°sfXnc™p]nSn®v \SØp∂ sIme]mXIßƒ. CSXpòIcXsb, kXyØn¬, Xmen_m≥ aXòIcXtbmSpam{Xta C∂p XmcXayw sNøm\mIq.

1957-˛¬ CFwFkv \ºqXncn∏mSns‚ t\XrXzØnep≈IayqWnÃv a{¥nk` A[nImcØn¬ FØnbtXmsSbmWv,tIcfØn¬ IayqWnÃv A{Ia]cºc Bcw`n°p∂Xv.AXn\ptijw B¿.FkvFkv, F_nhn]n, hnF®v]n,P\kwLw _nsP]n {]h¿ØI¿s°Xnscbp≈B{IaWßƒ ]Xnhmbn amdn. tIcfsØ cm{„obsIme]mXIßfpsS hnf\neam°m≥ e`n® Hcp Ahkchpwkn]nsF - kn]nsFFw Iq´psI´v \„s∏SpØnbn√.cm{„obs°meIƒ \S°p∂ kwÿm\ßfn¬ tIcfwAßns\ ap≥]¥nbnembn. IayqWnÃv A[m¿ΩnI{]hrØnIfpsS klPkz`mhw A]cnjvIrXXzhpwkwkvImcan√mbvabpw BWv. ¢mkvapdnbn¬ IbdnhnZym¿∞nIfpsS ap∂n¬h®v sI.Sn PbIrjvW≥ amÃsdshńs°mes∏SpØnbXn¬ \n∂p C°mcyw hy‡amWv.`mcX tZiobXtbmSp ]pe¿Ønb Iqdmbncp∂pPbIrjvW≥ amÃ¿ sNbvX Ip‰w.

tIcfØn¬ CSXp]£w Ifn°p∂ cm{„ob IfnIƒhnNn{Xbpw hnIrXhpamWv. tIcfØns‚ Bflmhns\ Xs∂Ch hnIeam°nbncn°p∂p. kwÿm\sØ hnZym`ymkÿm]\ßfnte°pw k¿ΔIemimeIfnte°pw Cucm{„obsshIrXw ]S¿∂p Ibdnbn´p≠v. AhnsS 'A`n{]mbkzmX{¥yØns‚' adhn¬, AklnjvWpXbpsS GP‚pam¿A{IaØn\pw Iq´s°mebv°pw B[mcamb AhcpsS{]Xybimkv{Xw {]Ncn∏n°p∂p F∂Xv Cs∂mcp clkytaA√!

'BlpXn' ]pdØnd°m≥ A{im¥w ]cn{ian®F√mhtcbpw Rm≥ A\ptamZn°p∂p. cm{„tkh\Øn\nsS_enZm\nbmbhcpsS hockvacWIƒ, A{IaØn\pwòIcXbv°pw FXnsc k‘nbn√msX t]mcmSm≥ cmPyØn\p{]tNmZ\amIpsa∂p Rm≥ {]Xymin°p∂p. 'ssZhØns‚kz¥w \mSv' Fdnbs∏Sp∂ tIcfØn¬, im¥nbpwkam[m\hpw ]pecm≥ AXphgntb km[n°q.

`mcXamXmhn\pth≠n kzPoh≥ ka¿∏n® F√m_enZm\nIƒ°pw Fs‚ kmZc {]Wmaw.

Xcp¨ hnPbv, ap≥ cmPyk`m AwKw, am≤ya{]h¿ØI≥



IayqWnÃv {]Xybimkv{XØn¬ A¥¿eo\ambncn°p∂

AklnjvWpX at\m`mhw, CXc {]Xybimkv{XßtfmSp

G‰pap´p∂Xn¬ am{Xw HXpßmsX, IayqWnÃv tNcnbnep≈ hnhn[

]m¿ńIƒ°nSbnepw kwL¿jßƒ°p ImcWamImdp≠v.

tIcfØn¬ kn]nsFbpw kn]nFΩpw XΩn¬ \S∂ kwL´\

ßfn¬ sIm√s∏´Xv 23 t]cmWv. Acnhmfpw Np‰nIbpw G‰papńb

t∏mƒ IqSpX¬ \„w, 16 {]h¿ØIsc \„amb kn]nsF°mWv.

kn]nFΩns‚ Ggv {]h¿ØI¿ sIm√s∏´p. ]m¿ń t\Xm°ƒ

G¿∏mSm°nb Izt´j≥ Kp≠mkwLßfmWv CØcw sIme]m

XIßfn¬ NneXv \n¿hln®Xv. sImbnem≠nbnse kn]nsF

t\Xmhmb NmtØmØv {io[c≥\mbcmWv Izt´j≥ sIme]mXI

]cºcbnse BZysØbmƒ. Xr∏qWnØpd°p ASpØp≈

t]´bn¬h®v, 1989˛-¬ sImesNøs∏´ kp`mjmWv c≠masØ

hy‡n. At±lw FsFSnbpkn AwKambncp∂p. Ip{]kn≤

Izt´j≥ kwLamb ‘]Xns\ć Iº\n’bmWv kp`mjns\

sImes∏SpØnbXv.

1992- ¬ FdWmIpfw Pn√bnse aqhm‰p]pgbn¬ kn]nsF°m¿

kn]nFw {]h¿ØI¿s°Xnsc B{Iaw Agn®phn´Xmbn Btcm

]Wap≠v. CXn¬ kn]nFΩns‚ ]mbn{] {_m©v sk{I´dnbmb

sI.Fw Ip™p_mh IptØ‰p acn®p. Cu kw`hØn¬ Bcpw

in£n°s∏ń√.

tIm´bw Pn√bn¬ aq∂p kn]nsF {]h¿ØIsc kn]nFw

hIhcpØnbn p≠v. kw{Im¥n kztZin cLp, \mÍw kztZin Sn.sI

X¶∏≥, Iqcmen {io[c≥]nff F∂nhcmWv sIm√s∏´Xv. Sn.sI

X¶∏≥ kn]nsF kwÿm\ IΩn‰n AwKambncp∂p. 1972- ¬

ssh°Øv Ccp]m¿ nIfpw XΩnep≠mb kwL´\Øn¬ ap≥ Pn√m

]©mbØv {]knU‚ v hn.sI. tKm]n\mYn\p KpcpXcambn

]cpt°‰ncp∂p.

IayqWnÃv ]m¿ńbnse ]nf¿∏n\ptijw ]me°mSv Pn√bn¬

D≠mb kwL¿jßfn¬ kn]nsFbnepw kn]nFΩnepambn \nch[n

t]¿ sIm√s∏´p. Ing°t©cnbnse the∏≥, _me≥, awKewUmw

tPmkv F∂o {]h¿ØI¿ sIm√s∏s´∂v kn]nsF ]dbptºmƒ,

Ip´≥, thembp[≥, Ip™men XpSßnb {]h¿ØI¿ c‡

km£nIfmsb∂p kn]nFw ]dbp∂p. F√m sIme]mXIßfpw

\S∂Xv 1964˛1973 ImebfhnemWv. CXn\ptijw \S∂, kn]nsF

t\Xmhv sImt´°mSv ap{IwImSv hZmkns‚ sIme]mXIw Ccp]m¿ n

Isfbpw ]ckyamb hmIvt]mcn¬ FØn®p. Inkm≥kwLv Pn√m

{]knU‚pw, acpXtdmUv ]©mbØv sshkv {]knU‚pambncp∂

`hZmkns‚ sIme]mXIØnse GIkm£nbpw ]n∂oSv sIme

sNøs∏´p.

kn]nFΩn¬ \n∂p cmPnh®v kn]nsFbn¬ tN¿∂Xns‚

]Ibmbncp∂p sImbnem≠nbnse NmtØmØv {io[c≥\mbsc (47)

tImgnt°mSv sNdqń tdmUnep≈ `mcyhoń¬h®v sImes∏Sp

Øm\p≈ ImcWw. {io[c≥\mb¿°p H∏w Adp]tXmfw kn]n

FΩpImcpw kn]nsFbn¬ tN¿∂ncp∂p. CtXmsS sImbnem

≠nbn¬ kn]nsF i‡n{]m]n®p. kn]nFΩpIm¿ Izt´j≥ Kp≠

Isf D]tbmKn®mWv {io[c≥\mbsc h[n®sX∂p kn.]nsF

Btcm]n°p∂p.

kn]nFw - kn]nsF kwLS\ßfpsS apdnhpIƒ DWßmØ

aÆmWv Be∏pgbptSXv. hnhn[ A{Iakw`hßfnembn Bdp t]¿

ChnsS sIm√s∏´p. 1986 Pq¨ 26-˛\p kn]nsF {]h¿ØI\mb

F.]n taml\s\, AΩ Ip™ns∏Æns‚ ap∂nen v, kn]nFΩpIm¿

sh ns°m∂p. knsFSnbp˛FsFSnbpkn {]h¿ØI¿ XΩnep≠mb

kwL¿jØn¬ a≤yÿØn\p {ian®Xmbncp∂p sIme]mX

IØn\p ImcWw. AΩ hnfºnb D®`£Ww Ignbv°m\ncp∂

taml\s\ hoSphf™p B{Ian°pIbmbncp\p. {]mWc£m¿∞w

HmSnsb¶nepw, kn]nFΩpIm¿ At±lw ]n¥pS¿∂p shńs°m∂p.

Cu tIkn¬ Dƒs∏s´ 19 {]h¿ØIsc kn]nFw ]n∂oSv

tImSXnbn¬ lmPcm°n. Ch¿°p Poh]cy¥w in£bpw e`n®p.

F∂m¬ \mb\m¿ k¿°mdns‚ AhnlnX CSs]S¬ aqew,

in£mImemh[n ]q¿ØnbmIp∂Xn\p apºv Xs∂ {]XnIƒ tamN\w

t\Sn. sImet°knse bYm¿∞ {]XnIsfb√ ]nSnIqSnbsX∂pw,

Ah¿ \nbaØns‚ ap∂n¬ h∂nńs√∂pamWv kn]nsF \ne]mSv.

Be∏pg \KcØnse ]mekv {_nUvPn\p kao]Øph®mWv

kn]nsF {]h¿ØI\mb hnPbs\ am¿IvknÃpIm¿ B{Ian®Xv.

c£bv°mbn Hcp t]meokpImcs‚ ]n∂n¬ Hfns®¶nepw, t]meokp

Imcs\ ASn®p \neØn´p A{IanIƒ hnPbs\ sImes∏SpØn.

am∂m¿ ]mhpIc DÆn°rjvW≥, aÆt©cnbnse ]n.sI hniz

\mY≥, ssI\Icn cLph∏≥ XpSßnb kn]nsF {]h¿ØIsc

hIhcpØnbXpw kn]nFw BsW∂p kn]nsF Btcm]n°p∂p.

Be∏pg aplΩZ≥kv sslkvIqfn¬ A[ym]I\mbncp∂

kn]nFw t\Xmhv kn.Pn kp[o{μ≥ sImesNøs∏´Xv 1978 Pq¨

20-\mWv. aIƒ tcWphn\p Fkv_nSnbn¬ tPmen e`ns®∂ hm¿Ø,

If¿tImSv ssIXap°nep≈ XdhmSv hońseØn AΩtbmSp

]dbpIbmbncp∂p kp[o{μ≥. hoSn\p≈n¬ Hfn®ncp∂ A{IanIƒ

At±lsØ shńs°m∂p. kn.]n.sF°mcmb F´p {]XnIƒ

in£n°s∏´p. Hcmƒ°p Poh]cy¥w in£ e`n®p.

kp[o{μ≥ sImesNøs∏´ AtXcoXnbnemWv, aq∂v ]Xn‰m≠p

apºv, kn.]n.FΩnse _meIrjvW\pw h[n°s∏´Xv. AdhptImSv

t£t{Xm’h kabØmbncp∂p kw`hw. sI.Fkv.ssh.F v

t\Xmhmbncp∂ _meIrjvW≥ tS∏v dn°m¿U¿ \∂m°m≥

sImSp°m≥ t]mIptºmƒ kn]nsF {]h¿ØI¿ XS™p\n¿Øn

B{Ian°pIbmbncp∂p. _meIrjvWs‚ icocØn¬ 46 sh´pIƒ

G‰p.

1972-˛¬ kn]nsFbpsS Xncph√ Xmeq°v IΩn‰n sk{I´dn

bmbncp∂ ]p√m v F≥.Sn tXmakns\ kn]nFw {]h¿ØI¿ F∂p

Btcm]n°s∏Sp∂h¿ B™nenØm\Øvh®v B{Ian®p

sImes∏SpØn. I¿jIsØmgnemfn kacw HØpXo¿°m\p≈

k‘nkw`mjWw ]cmPbs∏´Xns\ XpS¿∂p≠mb kwL¿j

Ønembncp∂p tXmakv h[n°s∏´Xv.

sIm√w Pn√bpw \nch[n kn]nFw- kn]nsF kwL´\ßƒ°p

km£yw hln®n´p≠v. FsFsshF v {]h¿ØI\mb sskPp

hns‚ sIme]mXIw kn]nsF°mcpsS a\ n¬ C∂pw AWbmsX

\n¬°p∂ kw`hamWv. Pn√bnse kn]nFw -kn]nsF _‘Øn¬

Cu sIme]mXIw C∂pw hn≈ep≠m°p∂p≠v.

AcnhmfpIƒ Iqńapńbt∏mƒ...

(2012˛¬ awKfw Zn\]{XØn¬h∂ hm¿Øsb ASnÿm\am°n Xømdm°nbXv.)



]n.sI. _m-e≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 Un-kw-_¿ 8

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-I-fpw C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fpw H-cp-an-®v Kq-Vm-tem-N-\ \-S-Øn sIm-esN-bv-Xp.

Fw. A-®p-X≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 Un-kw-_¿ 8

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. sIm-t≠m-ń-bn¬ h-®v, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS, C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-IƒsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

a-[p | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 P-\p-h-cn 12

]-Ø-\m-]p-cw I-S-bv-°m-a¨ -tIm-f-\n-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.ap-ºv kn-]n-FΩn-¬ Aw-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Ky-Øm¬am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

k-Zm-in-h≥ | sIm-√w

sIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 s -{_p-h-cn 6

Ip-≠-d Xm-eq-°n-se I-√-bv-°¬ im-J-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. im-J I-gn-™v k-tlm-Z-c≥ k-Xo-i-\p-sam-Øv ho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®p. k-Xo-i≥ kw-`-h-ÿ-e-Øph-®p-X-s∂ _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. k-Zm-in-h-s‚ \-s´-√n-\p Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰p. \-s´-√n¬ H-cp I-Øn B-g-Øn¬ X-d-®p-I-b-dn-bn-cp-∂p. aq-∂p h¿-j-sØ B-ip-]-{Xnhm-k-Øn-\p ti-jw k-Zm-in-h≥a-c-W-a-S-™p.

Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-fpw ap≥ kn-]n--Fw {]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-am-b C-cp-h-cp-tS-bpw {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ I-√-bv-°¬ {]-tZ-i-Øv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv kzm-[o-\w Ip-d-®n-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬ {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-bm-Wv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Iƒ\n-jvTq-c-am-b sIm-e-\-S-Øn-b-Xv.

\-μ≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 s^-{_p-h-cn 9

`m-c-Xo-b P\Xm bp-h-tam¿-®-bp-sS H-√q¿ a-Wv-U-ew ssh-kv {]-kn-U‚ v. _-kv I-≠-Œ¿. tPm-en--°n-sS _-kn¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-ń sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

sI. A-\n¬-Ip-am¿ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 s^-{_p-h-cn 10

sIm-Sn-tb-cn-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Im-c-W-sam-∂p-an-√m-sX am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sh-ń-s°m-∂p. F-sI-Pn k-l-I-c-W B-ip-]-{Xn sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hn-P-bw t\-Sn-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-Àm-Z-{]-I-S-\w \-S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-{I-a-Øn-s‚ ta-

sºm-Sn-bn-√m-sX B-Àm-Z-{]-I-S-\w ]q¿-W-am-In-s√-∂-Xm-Wv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv co-Xn. {]-I-S-\w sIm-Sn-tb-cn ]-©m-b-Øn¬ F-Øn-b-t∏mƒhgnbcnIn¬ \n¬°pIbmbncp∂ A-\n¬-Ip-am -dn -\pta¬AImcWambn NmSnhoW am¿-Iv -kn-Ãp-Im-¿- At±lsØshńs°m∂p.

kp-tc-jv_m-_p | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 am¿-®v 10

I-S-h-√q¿ ]-©m-b-Øn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.sX-s‰m-∂pw sN-øm-Ø-h-sc t]m-epw sIm-√p-I-sb-∂ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {Iq-c-X-bp-sS t\¿-km-£y-am-bn-cp-∂p kp-tc-jv_m-_p-hn-s‚ sIm-e,. {]m-tZ-in-I {]-

iv-\-ß-fp-sS t]-cn¬ _n-sP-]n-- kn-]n-Fw {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ X-Ωn¬ I-S-h-√q-cn¬ \n-km-c hm-°p-X¿-°w \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. C-sXm-∂p-a-dn-bm-sX,tPm-en I-gn-™v A-Xp-h-gn t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ kp-tc-jv-_m-_p-hn-s\ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn a¿-±n-®pw sh-ń-bpw sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

k-Xy≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 am¿-®v 10

C-c-hn-]p-cw A-b-Øn¬ {]-tZ-i-sØ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. sX-t°-°m-hv t£-{X-Øn-se DXv-k-h ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ-°n-sS C-…m-an-IXo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

k-Æn h¿-Ko-kv | C-Sp-°nsIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 Pq¨ 12

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-am-en im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. A-Sn-am-en-bn-se kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°p k-Æn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xzw Kp-W-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. tZ-io-b-B-i-b-ß-fn-te-°p [m-cm-fw B-fp-Iƒ tN¿-∂-tXm-sS A-kz-ÿ-cm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ k-Æn-sb _n-k¨-hm-en-bn¬ h-®v sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

\-S-bv-°¬ i-in-Ip-am¿ | h-b-\m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1993 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 19

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ \-S-bv-°¬im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fm¬h-[n-°-s∏-´p. A-b¬-ho-ń¬ h-∂v A-Xn-{I-aw Im-Wn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-sf i-in-Ip-am¿ tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xp. A-t∏mƒ A-h¿ i-in-Ip-

am-dn-s\-Xn-sc Xn-cn-bp-I--bm-bn-cp-∂p.

sI. cm-P≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 am¿-®v 21

B-¿FkvFkv Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv im-J {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.ap≥ {]-Nm-c-Iv. _-en-Zm-\n-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-ep-≈ H-cp lm¿-Uvshb¿ I-S-bn¬ skbn¬-kv-am≥ B-bn-cp-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ \-S-Øn-b

A-{I-a-Øn¬ kw-`h-ÿ-e-Øp h-®v X-s∂ cm-P≥ sIm-√-s∏-´p.am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ k-Zm-\-μ≥ am-Ã-dp-sS Im-ep-Iƒ sh-ń-am-‰n-b-Xn-s‚ A-Sp-Ø Zn-h-k-am-Wv cm-P≥ h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv.

]n.]n. tam-l-\≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 G-{]n¬ 19

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv Xm-eq-°v k-l-Im-cy-hm-lv. H-cp A-Uz-t°-‰n-s‚ ¢¿-°v tPm-en-bm-Wv sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. {S-j-dn Hm- o-kn-\p A-Sp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ t]m-eo-kv



kw-Lw A-{I-aw I-øpw-sI-ń I-≠p-\n-∂-X-√m-sX, sIm-e-bm-fn-I-sf X-S-bm≥ {i-an-®-tX-bn-√.

kp-\n¬ Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 Pq-sse 1

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-c-Ip-fwa-fi¬ Im-cy-hm-lv. {]-Nm-c-I-\m-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂p. [o-c-am-b \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fp-sS t]-cn¬ B-Z-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂ kp-\n¬Ip-am¿ km-aq-ln-I-hn-cp-≤ L-

S-I-ßƒ-s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈ {]-t£m-`-ß-fp-sS ap≥-\n-c-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-⁄m-X-cp-sS B-{I-a-W-ØnemWv h-[n-°-s∏-´Xv.

A-Pn F≥ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 B-K-Ãv 18

kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. _n-Fw-F-kn-s‚ πm-t®-cn πm-t‚-j≥ bq-Wn-‰v I -ho-\¿. cm-{„o-b-ssh-cm-Kywaq-ew kn-sF-Sn-bp, F-sF-Sn-bp-kn Kp-≠-Iƒ A-Pn-sb B-{I-an-®p. c-£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn A-t±-lw ]p-

g-bn-te-°p Nm-Sn-sb-¶n-epw A-{I-an-I-fp-sS i-‡-am-b I-t√-dv \o-¥¬ A-km-[y-am-°n. C-S-a¨ `m-K-Øp-h-®v ap-ßn a-cn-®p.

F≥.sI. a-[p-_m-e-N-{μ≥ \m-b¿ |Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 \-hw-_¿ 10

s\-øm-‰n≥-I-c Io-g-cq¿ B¿FkvFkv im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Kyw am-{Xw ap≥-\n¿-Øn am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

Fw._n. Ip-am-c≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 \-hw-_¿ 25

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ h-S-I-c J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. A-º-e-°p-f-ß-c-bn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ \m-S≥ t_mw-s_-dn-™v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ip-am-c≥ kw- -h-ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v X-s∂_-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv t]m-eo-kv sh-Sn-sh-

bv-∏n-s‚ a-d-hn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ tI-c-f-sa-ßpw A-gn-®p-hn-´ A-

{I-a-ß-fn¬ H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p A-º-e-°p-f-ß-c kw- -hw. Ip-am-c-s‚ ar-X-i-co-cw h-ln-®p-≈ hn-em-]-bm-{X-°p t\-tc-bpw t_mw-t_-dp-≠m-bn.

kp-\n¬ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 Un-kw-_¿ 4

Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn-\-Sp-Øp-≈ sXm-gn-bq-cn-se B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. km-º-Øn-I ]-cm-[o-\-X-bp-≈ Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se Aw-Kw. C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ kp-\n-en-s‚ ho-Sv B-{I-an-®v X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. kp-\n-en-

s‚ A-—-\-Ω-am¿-°pw k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿-°pw ap-∂n-em-bn-cp-∂p Cu{Iq-c-Ir-Xyw. Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßƒ-°p t\-sc-bpw A-{I-a-ßƒ \-S-∂p.

sI.hn. _n-Pp | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 P-\p-h-cn 28

Nm-e-°p-Sn-°-Sp-Øv sIm-c- n-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ _n-Pp-hn-s\ ho-ń¬-\n-∂p X-ń-s°m-≠p t]m-bn. tIm-\q¿-˛\m-ep-sI-´v PMv-j-\n¬ h-®v A-t±-l-sØ a¿-±n-®v sIm-

e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

sN-º- sI.kn. tI-fp | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 am¿-®v 10

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. P-\-kw-L-Øn-s‚ Im-ew ap-X¬ ]m¿- n-bp-am-bn D-‰-_-‘w. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A-º-Xv h-b-km-bn-cp-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-Sm-{I-an-®v sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

tPm-kv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 P-\p-h-cn 22

Xr-iq¿ Su-Wn¬-\n-∂p A-©v In-tem-ao-‰¿ A-I-se-bp-≈ Ip-cn-b-®n-d kz-tZ-in. ap≥-Im-e kn-sF-Sn-bp Aw-Kw. ]n-∂o-Sv _n-Fw-F-kn¬ tN¿-∂p.]p-Xq¿ ]-©m-b-Øn-epw Xr-iq¿ i-‡≥ X-ºp-cm≥am¿-°-‰n-epw _n-Fw-F-kn-\p th-≠n {]-h¿-Øn-®p.

Xr-iq¿ Su-Wn-se Xn-b-‰-dn¬ kn-\n-a I-≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒam¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®p. Xn-b-‰-dn¬ \n-∂p Hm-Sn-bn-d-ßn c-£-s∏-Sm≥ {i-an-s®-¶n-epw sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ tPm-kn-s\ ]n-¥p-S¿-∂psh-ń-s°m-∂p.

sIm-º‚-hn-S kp-tc-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 am¿-®v 24

s]-cn-ºm-ew B-¿FkvFkv im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv.tPm-en-ÿ-e-Øp-\n-∂v ho- n¬ F-Øn-b-ti-jw kp-tc-{μ-s\ Zp-cq-l-am-b km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ Im-Wm-Xm-bn. ]n-t‰-∂v kw-i-b-I-c-am-b hn-[w Xq-ßn-a-cn-®\n-e-bn¬ ar-X-tZ-lw I-s≠-Øn. a-c-W-Øn¬ Zp-

cq-l-X D-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw t]m-eo-kv A-t\z-j-Ww F-ßp-sa-Øn-bn-√. s]-cn-ºm-e-sØ tZ-i-hn-cp-≤-cm-b C-…m-an-Iv a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ-°p F-Xn-sc kp-tc-{μ≥ i-‡-am-b \n-e-]m-Sv F-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p.

cm-Po-hv, tam-l≥-Zm-kv|a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1992 Un-kw-_¿ 12

cm-Po-hpw tam-l≥-Zm-kpw (th-Wp) C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏- A-dp-ap-JwF-∂ kz-bw-tk-h-I-s\ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-te-°p sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (kw-`-h-sØ Ip-dn-®v t]m-eo-kn-s\ A-dn-bn-®-XpwC-h-cm-Wv). h-gn-a-s≤y C-…m-an-IXo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ C-cp-h-tc-bpw X-

S-™p-\n¿-Øn sh-ń-s°m-∂p. a-t©-cn-bnem-Wv kw-`-hw \-S-∂-Xv.

]cpae kw`hw: C¥y≥ Iymºkv I≠G‰hpw henb \clXyA-\p, kp-Pn-Xv, Inw IcpWmI¿ | ]cpaesIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 17

tI-c-f-sØ \-Sp-°n-b ]-cp-a-e kw- -hw \-S-∂-Xv 1996 sk-

]v-‰w-_¿ 17-˛\m-Wv. Im-º-kv A-{I-a-ß-fn¬ -{Iq-cXbpsS

]p-Xn-sbm-cp -A-≤ym-bw Iq-´n-t®¿-Øp-sIm-≠v ]-cpae tZ-

h-kzw t_m¿-Uv tIm-tf-Pn-se aq-∂v F-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-

I-sc F-kv-F-^v-sF, -kn-sF-Sn-bp-, Un-ssh-F-^v-sF Kp-

≠-Iƒ {Iq-c-am-bn B-{I-an-°pIbmbncp∂p. Po-h≥ c-£n-

°m≥ ]p-g-bn¬ Nm-Sn-b hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-sf- A-h¿ C-„n-I-

sb-dn-™p sIm-∂p. A-\p, kp-Pn-Xv, Inw I-cp-Wm-I-c≥ F-

∂n-h-cm-Wv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {Iq-c-X-bv-°v C-c-bm-b-Xv.

tIm-tf-Pn-se h¿-≤n-®p-h-cp-∂ F-_n-hn-]n kzm-[o-\w

X-S-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-{I-an-I-fp-sS e-£yw. hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-

sf H-‰-s∏-Sp-Øn B-{I-an-°p-tºmƒ Po-h≥ c-£n-°m≥ aq-

∂p-t]-cpw ]-ºm-\-Zn-bn-te-°p Nm-Sn. \o-¥n a-dp-I-c-bn¬

F-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p e-£yw. F-∂m¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-

an-Iƒ A-Xn-i-‡-am-b I-t√-dv \-S-Øn \o-¥¬ A-km-[y-

am-°n. ]p-g-bn¬ h-kv-{Xw A-e-°m-\pw Ip-fn-°m-\pw h-∂n-

cp-∂ G-Xm-\pw kv-{Xo-Iƒ hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-sf k-lm-bn-°m≥

ap-t∂m-´p-h-∂p. A-h¿ A-e-°m≥ sIm-≠p-h-∂ km-cn-bp-

sS Xp-ºv \o-¥m≥ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ hn-Zym¿-∞n-Iƒ-

°p t\-sc ho-in-sb-dn-™p. km-cn-Øp-ºn¬ ]n-Sn-°p-∂

hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-sf h-en-®v I-c-bv-°-Sp-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p kv-

{Xo-I-fp-sS D-t±-iyw. ]-t£ F-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc c-

£-s∏-Sm≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°n-s√-∂p \n-›-bn-®p-d-∏n-® am¿-Iv-

kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ B kv-{Xo-I-sf hn-c- n-tbm-Sn-®p. ÿ-

ew-hn-Sm≥ a-Sn-® kv-{Xo-I-sf I-s√-Sp-sØ-dn-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-

Xp. a-‰p-h-gn-Iƒ C-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ kv-{Xo-Iƒ ]n≥-hm-ßn.

A-∂v tI-c-fw `-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ B-bn-cp-

∂p. A-h¿ sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-se Hm-tcm sX-fn-hpw \-in-

∏n-°m≥ Iq- p-\n-∂p. Ir-{Xn-a-sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS km-lm-b-tØm-

sS am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv t\-Xr-Xzw tI-kv P-bn-®p. A-h-cp-sS {Iq-c-

X-bpw [m¿-„y-hpw A-hn-Sw sIm-≠pw A-h-km-\n-®n-√. ]-

cp-a-e kw-`-h-sØ-°p-dn-®v N¿-® th-W-sa-∂p \n-b-a-k`-

bn¬ B-h-iy-s∏-´ Sn.Fw. tP-°-_v Fw-F¬-F-tbm-Sv, A-

∂-sØ ap-Jy-a-{¥n C.sI, \m-b-\m¿ I-b¿-Øp-sIm-≠v

tNm-Zn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn, "B-¿FkvFkpIm¿ sIm-√-s∏-´-

Xn¬ X-\n-s°-¥m-Wv Im-cyw?'

tI-c-f-Øn-se am-{X-a-√, C-¥y-bn¬ X-s∂ \-S-∂n-´p-≈

Im-º-kv sIm-e-]m-X-ß-fn¬ h-f-sc A-]q¿-h-hpw ss]-im-

Nn-I-hp-am-b H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p ]-cp-a-e kw-`hw. Inw I-cp-Wm-

I-c-\pw A-\p-hpw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS G-I-k-¥m-\-ß-fm-

bn-cp-∂p. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s‚ ap≥-h¿-jw A-\p tIm-tf-Pv

B¿-Sv-kv sk-{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _-lp-ap-J {]-Xn-`. ]T-\-

hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ am-{X-a-√, ]m-tTy-X-c hn-j-b-ß-fn-epw A-

t±-lw ap≥-]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ar-Zw-Kw, X-_-e hm-b-\-

bn¬ \n-]p-W≥. ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´ Pn-√m Pq-\n-b¿ p-Sv-t_mƒ

So-aw-Kw. A-\p-hn-s‚ t\-´-ßƒ G-sd-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-t∏mƒ

dn-´-b¿ Po-hn-Xw \-bn-°p-∂ A-\p-hn-s‚ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

(A—≥ ]n-.kn. {io-[-c≥ \m-b¿ t]m-Ã¬ h-Ip-∏v Po-h-\-

°m-c-\pw AΩ kv-Iqƒ So-®-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p) a-I-s\-°p-dn-®p-

≈ kv-a-c-W-I-fn¬ \o-dn Po-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-\p I-c-ÿ-

am-°n-b A-t\-Iw t{Sm-^n-I-fpw kv-a-c-Wn-I-I-fpw A-h¿

\n-[n-t]m-se kq-£n-®p-h-®n-´p-≠v.

A-\p-hn-s\ t]m-se, Inw I-cp-Wm-I-c-\pw am-Xm-]n-Xm-

°-fp-sS G-I-a-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. a-I-s‚ a-c-W-hm¿-Ø tI v I-

Sp-Ø am-\-kn-Im-Lm-X-Øn-te-°p h-gp-Xn-b A-h¿, ]n-∂o-

Sv km-[m-c-W Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°p Xn-cn-®p-h-∂n-√. Ip-d-®p-

Im-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ C-cp-h-cpw a-cn-®p. In-Ωn-s‚ am-Xm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ, a-I-s‚ kv-a-c-W-bv-°m-bn H-cp {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp

kv-ar-Xn-a-μn-cw \n¿-an-®n-´p-≠v.

kp-Pn-Xv sIm-√-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ hn-tZ-i-Øm-bn-cp-∂ A—≥

in-h-Zm-k≥ \m-b¿, ]n-∂o-Sv B tPm-en cm-Pn-h-®v \m-´n¬

ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-am-°n. a-I≥ t\-cn-´ Zm-cp-Wm-¥y-hpw \o-Xn-

\n-tj-[-hpw a-\- n¬ kq-£n-®v Zpx-Jn-X-\m-bn C-∂v A-t±-

lw Po-hn-°p-∂p.



]m-eq¿ tam-l-\-N-{μ≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 B-K-Ãv 19

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS a-¶-S \n-tbm-P-I-a-Wv-U-ew P-\-d¬sk-{I- -dn. ]-e-N-c-°p-I-S D-S-a. kw- -h-Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn, I-S-b-S-®v ho-ń-te-°p a-S-ßp-tºmƒ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ X-S-™p \n¿-Øn, B-{I-an-®vsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

]n.sI. in-h-Zm-kv | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 H-tŒm-_¿ 12

Ip-´-\m-Sv In-S-ß-d ta-J-e-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I≥.in-h-Kn-cn aT-Øn-se t]m-eo-kv \-S-]-Sn-bn¬- {]-Xn-tj-[n-®v F-kv-F≥-Un-]n tbm-Kw kw-ÿm-\-sam-´m-sI B-lzm-\w sN-bv-X -_-μn¬, In-S-ß-d-bn-ep-≠m-b kw-L¿-j-sØ t\-cn-Sm≥ t]m-eo-kv sh-

Sn-h-®p. kw-L¿-j-Øn-sem-∂pw s]-Sm-sX ho-´p-ap-‰-Øv \n¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ in-h-Zm-kn-\p sh-Sn-tb-‰p. kz-¥w ho-Sn-s‚ ap-‰-Øp-h-®pA-t±-lw a-cn-®p.

kp-Ip-am-c≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 Un-kw-_¿ 26

Xn-cq¿ _n-hn A-ßm-Sn-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Z-fn-Xv Ip-Spw-_mw-Kw. Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßƒ F-√mw i-‡-am-b tIm¨-{K-kv {]-h¿-Ø-\ ]m-c-º-cyw D-≈-h¿. ]p-d-Øq¿ _-kv Ãm‚n¬ h-®v

tIm¨-{K-kv A-{I-an-Iƒ kp-Ip-am-c-s\ a¿-±n®v A-h-i-\m-°n. tIm-gn-t°m-Sv sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw A-Sp-Ø Zn-h-kw \n-cym-X-\m-bn.

kn.sP. cm-Po-hv | Xr-iq¿)sIm√s∏´Xv: 1995 Un-kw-_¿ 29

hm-Sm-\-∏n-≈n-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. A-–pƒ \m-k¿ a-A-Z-\n ÿm-]n-® ]n-Un-]n-bp-sSKp-≠-I-fm¬- B-{I-an-°-s∏- p. cm-Po-hn-s\ ho- n¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-ń-s°m-√p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

tam-l≥-Zm-kv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 s^-{_p-h-cn 20

hn-ap-‡-`-S≥. sIm-S-I-c-bn-se k-Po-h _n-sP-]n{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. tIm¨-{K-kv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®vsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ar-X-i-co-cw I-≈n-apƒ sN-Sn-Iƒ-°p C-S-bn¬ \n-∂m-Wv I-≠p-

In- n-b-Xv.

jm-Pn | I-Æq¿_-en-Zm-\ Zn-\w: 1996 sa-bv 18

I-Æq-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-I-fm¬ h-[n-°-s∏- p.

hn-Zym-km-K¿ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 Pq-sse 12

ap-Xn¿-∂ t\-Xm-hv. sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ \n-b-a-k-`m a-Wv-U-ew {]-kn-U‚ v. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

Sn.F-kv. k-t¥m-jv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 B-K-Ãv 9

C-cn-™m-e-°p-S-bn-se X-øn¬ hm¿-Uv I-Ω-‰n {S-j-d¿. _n-kn-\-kp-Im-c≥. I-S-b-S-®v ho-ń-te-°ph-cp-tºmƒ C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®vsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

ap-X-e-a-S a-Wn | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 B-K-Ãv 14

_n-sP-]n ap-X-e-a-S ]-©m-b-Øv I-Ω-‰n Aw-Kw.ap≥ kn-]n-Fw A-\p-`m-hn. ho-Sn-\-Sp-Øp-h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

aT-Øn¬ Xm-an | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 B-K-Ãv 25

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv. Z-fn-Xv k-ap-Zm-bmw-Kw. C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ sIm-e sN-ø-s∏- p. Xm-an-°v t\-sc ap-ºpw c-≠v h-[-{i-a-ßƒ\-S-∂n-cp-∂p. t]m-eo-kn¬ ]-cm-Xn-s∏-s -¶n-epw k-lm-b-sam-∂pw e-`n-®n-√. aq-∂m-a-sØ B-{I-a-Ww

A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Po-h-s\-Sp-Øp.

A-tim-Iv sj- n | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 H-tŒm-_¿ 26

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv. _-kn-d-ßnho-ń-te-°p \-S-°p-tºmƒ, jn¿-±nkm-bn t£-{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øp h-®v, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp A-{I-an-Iƒ am-c-Im-bp-[-ßƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

H.]n. _m-_p | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 s^-{_p-h-cn 28

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Ip-‰ym-Sn s\-´q¿ im-J-bn-se k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. {io-cm-a\-h-an c-Y-bm-{X-bv-°p kzo-I-c-Ww \¬-Im-\p-≈ H-cp-°-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬ \m-ev-]-tXm-fw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

\n-jvTq-c-am-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\v G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-kw ap-ºv, s^-{_p-h-cn 25-\v s\-´q-cn-ep-≈ kz-bw-tk-h-I-sc h-[n-°p-sa-∂v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv t\-Xm-°ƒ ]-c-kyò-j-Wn ap-g-°n-bn-cp-∂p. _m-_p-hn-s‚t]-cpw A-h-cp-sS en-Ãn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.



`m-kv-I-c≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 Pq¨ 4

Im-™-ßm-Sv ]p-√q-cn¬ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. hm-®p-I-S D-S-a. cm-{Xn, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-Xn-{I-an-®v I-b-dn I-S A-e-t¶m-e-am-°n.{Iq-c-am-b a¿-±-\-ta-‰v m-kv-I-c≥ a-c-W-a-S-™p.

D-Æn | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 Pq¨ 6

In-fn-am-\q¿ \-K-cq-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. cm-{Xn-bn¬ A-⁄m-X-cm-b A-{I-an-Iƒ D-Æn-sb X-S-™v \n¿-Øn Ip-Øn-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

`m-kv-I-c≥ am-Ã¿ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 Pq¨ 30

_n-sP-]n \m-Zm-]p-cw a-Wv-U-ew P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn. \m-j-W¬ So-t®-gv-kv bq-Wn-b-s‚ Pn-√m `m-c-hm-ln. h-f-bw ta-J-e-bn-se hn-P-\-am-b H-cp {]-tZ-i-Øm-bn-cp-∂p A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ho-Sv.

a-g-bp-≈ H-cp cm-{Xn-bn¬, Ip-Sn-°m≥ sh-≈wtNm-Zn-®v A-⁄m-X-\m-b H-cp hy-‡n am-Ã-dp-sS ho-ń-se-Øn. hm-Xn¬ Xp-d-∂v ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b am-Ã-sd, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ {]m-b-am-bA-Ω-bp-tS-bpw `m-cy-bp-tS-bpw ap-∂n¬ h-®v, B-K-X≥ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

Ip-am-c≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 Pq¨ 30

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Irjn-bmbn-cp-∂p tPm-en. aq¿-®-tb-dn-b B-bp-[w sIm-≠p-≈ B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ sIm-√-s∏-´p. `m-kv-I-c≥ am-Ã-dp-sS sIm-e-]m-X-Iw \-S-∂ A-tX a-Wn-°q-dn¬ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂pIp-am-c-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-I-hpw.

in-h-cm-a≥ \m-b¿ | tIm-´-bwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 B-K-Ãv 9

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ {]-ap-J {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. A-Sn-b-¥-cm-h-ÿ Im-ew ap-X¬ kw-L-Øn-\p-th-≠n A-£o-Ww {]-b-Xv-\n-® hy-‡n.tI-c-f tIm¨-{K-kv Kp-≠-Iƒ sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp.

{io-[-c≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 26sN¿-∏p-f-t»-cnbn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ ho-ń¬-\n-∂p X-ń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn a¿-±n-®v A-h-i-\m-°n. hm-b _-e-am-bn Xp-d-∏n-®v {io-[-c-s\ hn-jw Ip-Sn-∏n-®p. hn-jw Xp-∏m-

Xn-cn-°m≥ hm-b s]m-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. H-Sp-°w {io-[-c≥ a-cn-s®-∂p I-cp-Xn A-t±-l-sØ tdm-Uv-ssk-Un-te-°p X-≈n-bn-´v- A-{I-an-Iƒ ÿ-ew-hn-´p. F-∂m¬ A-ev-]w t_m-[-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ {io-[-c-s\ D-S≥ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-°m-\m-bn. a-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv, H-cp a-Pn-kv-t{S-‰v B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-se-Øn {io-[-c-s‚ A-¥y-sam-gn tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn.

{]-Zo-]v | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 H-tŒm-_¿ 7_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cn¬-\n-∂p c-£-s∏-Sm≥ Ip-td-Zq-cw Hm-Sn-sb-¶n-epw -t_mw-t_-dn¬ sIm-√-s∏-´p. kw-`h-ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v X-s∂ a-c-Ww kw`hn-®p. Cu A-cpw-sIm-e-bn¬ Xr-]v-X-cm-Im-sX, {]-Zo-]n-s‚ ar-X-i-co-cw sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ h-∂ _-‘p-°-sf am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ X-S-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

tem-d≥-kv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv:1997 H-tŒm-_¿ 22]p-Xq¿ ]-©m-b-Øn¬ `m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. i-‡≥ X-ºp-cm≥am¿-°-‰n-se Np-a-´p sXm-gn-em-fn. H-cp-Zn-h-k-sØITn-\-tPm-en-°p ti-jw \n¿-Øn-bn-ń-cp-∂ _-kn-

en-cp-∂v hn-{i-an-°p-tºmƒ, H-cp-Iq- w am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ _-kn-te-°pX-≈n-°-b-dn h-∂v C-cp-ºp-h-Sn sIm-≠v tem-d≥-kn-s‚ X-e-bv-°-Sn-®p. Xp-S¿-∂p I-Øn-sIm-≠v Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

cm-a-N-{μ≥ | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 H-tŒm-_¿ 26`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Ln-s‚ H-‰-∏m-ew G-cn-b sk-{I-´-dn. _n-Fw-F-kn-s‚ ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øv Xn-cn-®p h-cp-tºmƒ A-⁄m-X-cm-b A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp.

k-t¥m-jv | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 \-hw-_¿ 24A-b-Øn¬ B-¿FkvFkv im-J Aw-Kw. im-JI-gn-™v ssk-°n-fn¬ ho- n-te-°p a-S-ßp-tºmƒ,Im-dn¬ ]n-¥p-S¿-s∂-Øn-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ A-t±-l-sØ Im-dn-Sn-®v ]-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. Xp-S¿-∂p X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

kp-tc-{μ≥, a-t\m-Pv | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1994 Un-kw-_¿ 6

h-f-bw ta-J-bn-se kz-bw-tk-h-I¿. B-¿FkvFkv im-J \-S-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-b t_mw-t_-dn¬ C-cp-h-cpw sIm-√-s∏- p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-bn-cp-∂p A-{I-an-Iƒ.



tKm-]n | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1997 \-hw-_¿ 28

Im-™-ßm-Sv a-Wv-U-e-Øn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv-Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. Im-™-ßm-Sv a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬ A-{I-aw hn-X-®v ò-Xn-]-c-Øm≥ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ C-°m-e-Øv {i-≤n-®n-cp-∂p. tKm-]n-sb h-

[n-® Zn-h-kw X-s∂ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS Im-k¿-tKm-Uv Pn-√m {]-kn-U‚n-s‚ h-k-Xn-°p t\-sc-bpw B-{I-a-W-ap-≠m-bn.

ap-cp-Im-\-μ≥ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 1998 G-{]n¬ 9.

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. [-\p-h-®-]p-cw hn-Sn-Fw tIm-tf-Pn¬F-_n-hn-]n-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ap-cp-Im-\-μ≥ap≥-\n-c-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tIm-tf-Pv tK-‰n-\p k-

ao-]-Øp-h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ {Iq-c-am-bn a¿-±n-®p sIm-∂p.

a-t\m-Pv | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 G-{]n¬ 12

t_-∏q-cn¬ `m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-Ln-s‚ k-Po-h{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ a-t\m-Pn-s\X- n-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.A-Xn¬ Xr-]v-X-cm-Im-sX B-kn-Uv H-gn-®v A-t±-

l-Øn-s‚ i-co-cw s]m-≈n-®v hn-Ir-X-am-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

N-{μ-tam-l≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 G-{]n¬ 21

_-Zn-b-Sp-°-bn-se hn-iz-ln-μp ]-cn-j-Øv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cm¬ h-[n-°-s∏-´p. I-b-dn¬sI-ń-Øq-°n-b \n-e-bn-em-Wv N-{μ-tam-l-s‚ ar-X-tZ-lw I-s≠-Sp-Ø-Xv.

i-in | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 12

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv a-º-dw a-Wv-U-ew Im-cy-hm-lv. hn-P-b-Z-i-an ]-Y-k-©-e-\Øn\v apt∂mSnbmbp≈ ss_T-In¬]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

k-Xo-jv | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 H-tŒm-_¿ 6

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv. l-cn-∏m-Sn-se hy-P-a-Zy am-^n-b-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc k-Xo-jn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ [m-cm-fw{]-Xn-tj-[-ßƒ \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. C-tX-Øp-S¿-∂v, a-Zy-ap-X-em-fn-am¿ ]m-h-ß-sf Nq-j-Ww sN-øp-∂-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-®v -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-bn.

a-Zy-ap-X-em-fn-am-tc-bpw A-h-cp-sS in-¶n-Sn-I-fm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-tc-bpw C-Xv sNm-Sn-∏n-®p. A-h-cp-sS {]-Xn-Im-cw k-Xo-jn-s‚ sIm-e-bn¬ I-em-in-®p.

]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 \-hw-_¿ 1

]m-\q¿ sNm-¢n-bn¬ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fm¬ sIm-e sN-ø-s∏-´p.

Ip-™n-cm-a≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 \-hw-_¿ 3

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. s]m-bn-eq-cn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ \-S-Øn-b B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ sIm-√-s∏-´p.

{]-Im-i≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 Un-kw-_¿ 2

I-Xn-cq-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. sI.Sn. P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã-dp-sS sIm-e-]m-X-I-sØ Xp-S¿-∂v I-Æq-cn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \-c-th-´ X-s∂ \-S-∂p. {]-Im-i-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-Iw- B A-h-k-c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

_m-e≥ | I-Æq¿

sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 Un-kw-_¿ 3

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS s]-cn-ß-fw a-Wv-U-ew {S-j-d¿. A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ ho-Sm-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

D-Æn | Xr-iq¿

sIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 s^-{_p-h-cn 25

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Nm-h-°m-Sv sIm-ß-ap-°n¬h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

]-∂y-∂q¿ N-{μ≥|I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1996 sa-bv 25

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS I-Æq¿ Pn-√msk-{I-´-dn. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ {]-Nm-c-I-\m-Im≥ _m-¶v tPm-en cm-Pn-h-®v {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p C-d-ßn. _n-sP-]n Np-a-X-e G¬-°p-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv Zo¿-L-Im-ew B-¿FkvFkn-¬ {]-h¿-Øn-®p. s]-cn-ß-fw \n-b-a-k-

`m a-Wv-U-e-Øn¬ _n-sP-]n ÿm-\m¿-∞n-bm-bn a¬-k-cn-®N-{μ-\v ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn¬ A-[n-Iw thm-´v e-`n-®p. sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p ^-ew h-∂ am-k-Øn¬ X-s∂-bm-Wv A-t±-lw sIm-e-sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv.

H-cp _-‘p-hn-s\ sd-bn¬-th kv-t‰-j-\n¬ h-®v Iq-Sn-°-≠-ti-jw m-cy-bp-sam-Øv ss_-°n¬ Xn-cn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂pN-{μ≥. h-gn-b-cn-In¬ X-°w ]m¿-Øv H-fn-™n-cp-∂ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ ss_-°n-\p t\-sc t_mw-s_-dn-™p. A-Xn-s‚ B-Lm-X-Øn¬ Xm-sg-ho-W N-{μ-s\, m-cy-bp-sS ap-∂n¬-h-®v X-s∂, A-{I-an-Iƒ X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.\m-b-\m¿ tI-c-f ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bm-bn ÿm-\-ta-‰ ti-jw D-S-s\\-S-∂ sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-bn-cp-∂p ]-∂y-∂q¿ N-{μ-t‚-Xv.



hn-P-b≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 G-{]n¬ 27

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Ip-a-_-e-Øp-≈-tPm-en-ÿ-e-tØ-°p t]m-I-th am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv t{Zm-ln-Iƒss_-°n¬ ]n-∂m-se h-∂v hmƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®v hn-P-b-s‚ X-e sh-ń-am-‰n. k-am-\-XIfn√mØ {Iq-c-X.

kp-Ip-am-c≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 Pq¨ 7

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-≠-t»-cn ]-©m-b-Øv im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. Kƒ- n¬ Ip-td-\mƒ No-^v A-°u-≠‚m-bn sXm-gn¬ t\m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p c-≠p-h¿-jw ap-ºv

\m-ń¬ Xn-cn-s®-Øn ÿn-c-Xm-a-k-am-°n. ]-e-N-c-°p km-[-\-ßƒhm-ßm≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ X-S-™p \n¿-Øn{Iq-c-am-bn a¿-±n-®p. ]n-s∂ I-Øn-sIm-≠v Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p.

N-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 Un-kw-_¿ 3

Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Kyw aq-ew am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. H-cp sIm-e-]m-X-I ]-c-º-c-bp-sS B-cw`-am-bn-cp-∂p N-{μ-s‚ h-[w.

N-{μmw-K-Z≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 Un-kw-_¿ 4

Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-IƒIp-Øn sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

_n-Pp | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2000 Un-kw-_¿ 5

Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ{Iq-c-am-bn sh-ń-s°m-∂p. Xp-S¿-®-bm-b aq-∂mw \m-fn-epw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e-]m-X-Iw \-S-Øn. aq-∂v Zn-h-k-ß-fn-em-bn aq-∂v sIm-e-]m-X-Iw.

{]-im-¥v ssX-°-≠n | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2001 P-\p-h-cn 2

]m-\q-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Kyw aq-ew am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp.

cm-tP-jv sIm-¶-®n | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2001 G-{]n¬ 3

]m-\q-cn-se B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {Iq-c-X-bp-sS a-s‰m-cp ò-I-c-ap-J-am-Wv cm-tP-jn-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-eq-sSsh-fn-®-Øph-∂-Xv. A-Ωq-Ω-bp-sS i-h-Zm-l N-S-ßn¬ kw-_-‘n-®v a-S-ßn-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ cm-tP-jn-s\ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ t_mw-s_-dn-™v ho-gv-Øn. A-Xn-Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰ cm-tP-jn-s\ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-°m≥ Nn-e¿ ap-t∂m- p-h-s∂-¶n-epw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ X-S- w \n-∂p. H-Sp-°w Iq-Sp-X¬ B-fp-I-sf-Øn, B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ F-Sp-°p-tºm-tg-°pw cm-tP-jv a-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

{]-km-Zv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 G-{]n¬ 14

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS \n-tbm-P-I-a-Wv-U-ew Hm- o-kv sk-{I-´-dn. hn-jpZn-h-kw A-Xn-cm-hn-se am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. Nm-h-°m-Sn-\p A-Sp-Øp-≈ C-c- -∏p-g-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p kw- -hw.

D-Ø-a≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 sa-bv 22

Nm-h-t»-cn B-¿FkvFkv im-J Aw-Kw._-kvs{sU-h¿. km-aq-ln-I-cw-K-Øp-≈ D-Ø-a-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ P-\-{i-≤ B-I¿-jn-®n-cp-∂p. P-\-ßƒ kw-L-{]-ÿm-\-ß-tfm-Spw Xm-ev-]-cyw Im-Wn-®p. C-Xv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-I-fp-sS A-{]o-Xn-°v Im-

c-W-am-bn. A-h¿ D-Ø-a≥ Hm-Sn-®n-cp-∂ _-kv t_mw-s_-dn-™v X-I¿-Øv A-t±-l-sØ h-≠n-bn¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

2016 H-tŒm-_¿ am-kw D-Ø-a-s‚ a-I≥ c-an-Øn-t\-bpw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp.

A-Ωp A-Ω | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv:2002 sa-bv 23

A-Ωm-fp A-Ω F-∂ A-Ωp A-Ω C-cn-ń kz-tZ-in-bm-bn-cp-∂p. D-Ø-a-s‚ i-h-kw-kv-Im-c N-S-ßn¬]-s¶-Sp-Øv Po-∏n¬ a-S-ßn h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ t_mw-s_-dn-™v Po-∏v B-{I-an-®p. A-Ωp A-Ω-bpw Po-∏v s{sU-h¿ P-ko-e a≥-kn¬

jn-lm-_pw kw-`-h-ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v X-s∂ sIm-√-s∏-´p. a-‰p-≈-h¿-°p Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-cn-°p-I-tf-‰p.

cm-tP-jv | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 Pq¨ 9

]p-\-eq-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Hm-t´m s{sU-h¿. t\-Xm-Pn tdm-Un-se in-h≥-tIm-hn-en-\p A-Sp-Øp-h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ t_mw-s_-dn-™vsIm-∂p.

jm-Pn | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 \-hw-_¿ 17

ap≥ kn-]n-Fw A-\p-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p s]m-‰-°m-S≥ jm-Pn, tZ-io-b- B-i-b-ß-fn¬ B-Ir-„-\m-bn kw-L-Øn-s‚ Iq-Øp-]-d-ºv im-J-bn¬ Aw-K-am-bn. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-ß-fp-sS

-e-am-bn [m-cm-fw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p-Iq-en-Iƒ kw-L-]-£-tØ-°p h-∂p. C-Xv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-sc {]-tIm-]n-∏n-®p. jm-Pn-bp-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ A-t∏m-gpw I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-´pIq-Sn, A-h¿- A-t±-l-sØ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

Zm-tam-Z-c≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2003 Pq¨ 23

kz-bw-tk-h-I≥. `m-c-Xo-b t]m-Ã¬ kw-Lv `m-c-hm-ln. Im-™-ßm-Sn-se ]p-√q¿ t]m-kv-t‰m-ô-kn-se t]m-Ãv am-Ã¿ B-bn-cp-∂p.am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

2002 P-\p-h-cn c-≠n-\p _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-cm-b jnw-

Pn-Øv, Ip-™p-tam≥ \m-cm-b-W≥ F-∂n-h-sc, ap-…nw-eo-Kv

{]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS k-lm-b-tØm-sS, F≥-Un-F-^n-s‚ t\-

Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bti-jw tIm-gn-t°m-Sv Pn-√-bn-se am-dm-Sn¬ kw-L¿-

jw \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. 2003 sa-bv c-t≠m-sS Pn-lm-Zn A-{I-

aw ho-≠pw X-e-s]m-°n. A-t∂ Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn-bp-sS a-d-

hn¬ \q-tdm-fw C-…m-an-I Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ am-dm-Sv I-S-∏p-d-

Øv t_m-ń¬ F-Øn. am-dm-Sv Pp-am-a-kv-Pn-Zn-\p A-Sp-Øp-≈

H-cp ho-ń¬- hmƒ, h-Sn-hmƒ, sP-em-‰n≥ \n-d-® tIm-f -Sn-

∂p-Iƒ F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn a-s‰m-cp kw-Lw B-{I-a-W-Øn-

\p k-÷-am-bn.

H-cp-Zn-h-k-sØ ITn-\m-[zm-\-Øn-\p ti-jw, a¬-ky-_-

‘-\ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-b Ip-d-®p _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I¿-

am-dm-Sv I-S-∏p-d-Øn-cp-∂v h¿-Ø-am-\w ]-d-bp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. ap≥-Iq-ń \n-›-bn-® {]-Im-cw C-…m-an-I Pn-lm-Zn-Iƒ

\m-ep-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂pw Hm-Sn-sb-Øn _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-

sc h-f-™n-´v, X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń.

N-{μ≥, Zm-k≥, tKm-]m-e≥, Ir-jv-W≥, am-[-h≥, {]-

Po-jv, ]p-jv-]-cm-Pv, k-t¥m-jv F-∂n-h¿ _-en-Zm-\n-I-fm-

bn. C-h-cp-sS i-co-cm-h-b-h-ßƒ sh-t´-‰v A-‰p-Xq-ßn-b \n-

e-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. c-l-ky- m-K-ßƒ Nq-gv-s∂-Sp-°-s∏- p. sIm-

e \-S-Øn-b ti-jw Pn-lm-Zn-Iƒ I-S-∏p-d-Øp-≈ Pp-am-a-kv-

Pn-Zn-te-°p c-£-s∏-´p.

\n-c-h-[n t]¿-°p Po-h-lm-\n kw-`hn-°p-sa-∂v D-d-∏p-h-

cp-Øm≥ Pn-lm-Zn-Iƒ Ip-td t_mw-_p-Iƒ F-dn-™n-cp-∂p.

]-t£ A-h-sbm-∂pw `m-Ky-h-im¬ s]m-ń-bn-√. am-dm-Sv Pp-

amdmSv: IrXyambBkq{XWtØmsSPnlmZnIƒ \SØnbòIcm{IaWw.

am a-kv-Pn-Zn¬ \n-∂v hmƒ, I-Øn, t_mw-_v F-∂n-h-bp-sS

h-en-b ti-J-cw I-s≠-Sp-Øp. h≥-I-em-]-am-Wv Pn-lm-Zn-

Iƒ B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-sX-∂v t]m-eo-kv I-W-°p-

Iq-´n. A-tXm-sS t]m-eo-kv A-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ a-kv-Pn-Zv ]q-´n

ap-{Z-h-®p.

tI-c-f-Øn¬ i-‡n-{]m-]n-°p-∂ a-X-au-en-I-hm-Z-Øn-s‚

{]-I-S kq-N-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p am-dm-Sv Iq-´-s°m-e. F-∂m¬ A-

t\z-j-W G-P≥-kn-Iƒ C-Xn-s\ -Ku-c-h-]q¿-Δw k-ao-]n-

®n-√. ]-Xn-t\-gv i-‡n-tb-dn-b t_mw-_p-Iƒ ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-

Øn-´pw t]m-eo-kv sa-s√-t∏m-°v \-bw kzo-I-cn-®p. H-cp

ap≥-t]m-eo-kv I-Ωo-j-W-dp-sS A-`n-{]m-bw {i-t≤-b-am-bn-

cp-∂p. "kp-kw-L-Sn-X-am-b N-´-°q-Sp-≈ H-cp kw-L-S-\-bm-

Wv Cu Iq-´-s°m-e \-S-Øn-b-Xv. sh-dpw ]-Øp-an-\n-‰n-\p-

≈n¬ ]q¿-Øn-bm-I-Ø-° hn-[w B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-X N-

Sp-e-am-b Hm-∏-td-j≥. H-cp {]-tXy-I a-X-k-aq-l-am-Wv C-Xn-

\p ]n-∂n-ep-≈-Xv.'

Iq-´-s°m-e \-S-∂v c-≠p-Zn-h-k-Øn-\p ti-jw H-cp {]m-

tZ-in-I Pp-am-a-kv-Pn-Zn¬ \n-∂v kv-t^m-S-I-h-kv-Xp-°-fpw B-

bp-[-ti-J-c-hpw t]m-eo-kv ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øp. tI-c-f s{sIw-

{_m-©n-s‚ {]-tXy-I A-t\z-j-W-kw-Lw Iq-´-s°m-e \-

S-Øn-b-h-sc-∂v kw-i-bn-°-s∏-´ 147 t]¿-s°-Xn-sc tI-kv

Nm¿-÷v- sN-bv-Xp. (am-dm-Sv I-Ωo-j-s‚ dn-t∏m¿-´v A-\p-k-

cn-®v, tIm-gn-t°m-Sv t]m-eo-kv I-Ωo-j-W¿ X-øm-dm-°n-b

t\m-Sv-kv {]-Im-cw, _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc Iq-´-s°m-

esNbvX {]-Xn-I-sf a-kv-Pn-Zn-\p-≈n¬ I-b-dn A-d-Ãv sN-

øp-∂-Xn-\p X-S-kw kr-„n-®p-sIm-≠v, \q-dp-I-W-°n-\p ap-

…nw kv-{Xo-Iƒ a-kv-Pn-Zn-s‚ I-hm-S-Øn-epw A-¶-W-Øn-

epw Xn-ßn-\n-d-™n-cp-∂p).

A-t\z-j-Ww \o-Xn-]q¿-ham-In-s√-∂ i-¶-bn¬ Pp-Uo-

jy¬ A-t\z-j-W-Øn-\p-≈ B-h-iyw i-‡-am-bn. I-\-

Ø k-Ω¿-±w aq-ew, F.sI. B‚-Wn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-

ep-≈ bp-Un-F-^v K-h-s◊‚ v, tXm-a-kv ]n tPm-k-^n-s\

(District and Sessions Judge) Aw-K-am-°n A-t\z-j-W I-

Ωo-j-\v cq-]w-sIm-Sp-Øp. 2006 s^-{_p-h-cn-bn¬ dn-t∏m¿-´v

k-a¿-∏n-°-s∏- p. 2006 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬ F¬-Un-F- v a-{¥n-

k` {]-kv-Xp-X dn-t∏m¿-´v \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬ h-®p.



P-b-N-{μ≥ | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2003 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 8

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-Wn-t°m-Øv im-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. Hm-W-Øn-s‚ X-te-Zn-h-kw ]p-∂-bv-°¬ `-K-h-Xn t£-{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øv h-®v sIm-√-s∏-´p.

a-Wn-I-WvT≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2004 Pq¨ 15

Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn¬ m-c-Xo-b P-\-X bp-h-tam¿-®-bp-sSP-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn. F≥-Un-F-^v ]n-¥p-W-bp-≈C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ s]-cn-b-º-e-Øv h-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. a-Wn-I-WvT-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b {]-Xn-I-fn¬ H-cmƒ Ip-{]-kn-≤-am-b A-\p-

P sIm-e-t°-kn¬ Dƒ-s∏-ń-cp-s∂-∂v B-tcm-]-W-ap-≠v. C-…m-an-te-°p a-Xw-am-‰-s∏-´ A-\p-P-sb, X-e sam-´-b-Sn-®v, Xq-ßn-a-cn-® \n-e-bn-em-Wv I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv. {Iq-c-am-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-sW-∂-Xn-\pkm-l-N-cy-sØ-fn-hp-Iƒ G-sd-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

ap-cp-I≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2004 Pq-sse 3

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS I-dp-I-bn¬-hm¿-Uv {]-kn-U‚ v. ]m¿-ń ]-cn-]m-Sn I-gn-™v cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-ń-te-°p a-S-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ Ip-ØnsIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

D-Z-b≥ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2004 \-hw-_¿ 17

hm-Sm-\-∏n-≈n-bn-se _n-sP-]n Aw-Kw. Hm-t´ms{sU-h¿. F≥-Un-F- n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-k-

ßƒ ap-ºm-bn-cp-∂p D-Z-b-s‚ I-eym-W-\n-›-bw.

cm-P≥ | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2005 s^-{_p-h-cn 1

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. s]-bn‚n-Mv sXm-gn-em-fn.\m-Zm-]p-cw A-cq-cn-ep-≈ cm-P-s‚ ho-Sv, Un-kw-_¿8-˛\v \-´p-®-bv°v am¿-Iv-kn- v Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. A-t±-l-sØ am-c-I-am-bn sh-ń-∏-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. \o-≠-Im-e-sØ Nn-In’bv°p ti-jw, s^-{_p-h-cn H-∂n-\v Zn-hw-K-X-\m-bn.

_n-Pn | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2005 Pq¨ 12

B-cym-Sv ta-J-e-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-Sm-{I-an-®v _n-Pn-sb h-[n-®p. _n-Pn-bp-sS ho-Sn-\p t\-scH-cp-am-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \-S-∂ aq-∂m-a-sØ B-{I-a-W-am-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv.

kq-c-Pv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv:2005 B-K-kv-Xv 7

ap≥ kn -]n -sF-Fw Aw-Kw. 2002 -¬ B-¿FkvFkn¬ tN¿-∂p. kq-c-Pn-t‚-bpw a-‰pw {]-h¿-Ø-\- -e-am-bn ap-gp-∏n-e-ßm-Sn¬ [m-cm-fw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-\p`m-hn-Iƒ _n-sP-]n-bn¬ Aw-K-am-bn. {]-tZ-i-Øv kzm-[o-\w Ip-d-bp-∂p-s≠-∂p a-\-

n-em-°n-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ 2004-¬ kq-c-Pn-s\ am-c-I-am-bn sh-ń-∏-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. C-Xn¬-\n-∂p ap-‡-\m-bn kp-J-s∏-´p h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ kq-c-Pn-s\ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ ho-≠pw B-{I-an-®p. C-Ø-h-WA-t±-lw a-c-W-Øn-\p Io-g-S-ßn.

t{]-a≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2005 \-hw-_¿ 27

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS ap-gn-°-c _q-Øv I-Ω-‰n {]-kn-U‚ v.H-tŒm-_¿ 13-\v ap-gn-°-c N-¥-bn¬-h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. Nn-In’bv-°n-S-bn¬ \-hw-_¿ 27-\v tZ-lwsh-Sn-™p.

`-b-sa-∂ hn-Im-cw H-´p-an-√m-Ø hy-‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp-∂p t{]-a-t‚-Xv.sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p ap-ºv A-©p-X-h-W A-t±-l-Øn-\p t\-sc h-[-{i-a-ßƒ D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. F-∂n-´pw X-cn-ºpw ]-X-dm-sX A-t±-lw{]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ ap-t∂m- p sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

kn. _nw-_n |tIm- -bwsIm√s∏´Xv:1996 H-tŒm-_¿ 20

F-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. N-ß-\m-t»-cn kz-tZ-in. ]p-Xp-∏-≈n sF-F-®v-B¿-Un tIm-tf-Pn¬ I-ºyq- ¿ k-b≥-kv {Km-tPz-j≥ hn-Zym¿-∞n. kw-`-h-Zn-h-kw ¢m-kv I-gn-™v _nw-_n N-ß-\m-t»-cn-bn-te-°p_-kn¬ t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.A-t∂-Zn-h-kw N-ß-\m-t»-cn

F≥-F-kv-F-kv tIm-tf-Pn¬ C-S-Xp-]-£ hn-Zym¿-∞n kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-I-cpw F-_n-hn-]n-°m-cpw X-Ωn¬ \n-km-cA-Sn-]n-Sn \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. C-Xn-s‚ Xp-S¿-®-sb-t∂m-Ww kn-sF-Sn-bp A-{I-an-Iƒ _nw-_n-sb a¿-±n-®p. _nw-_n Cu kw-L¿-j-hp-am-bn H-cp-X-c-Øn-epw _-‘-ap-≈ B-f-√ F-∂-Xv A-{I-an-Iƒ I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øn-√. A-h¿ H-cp C-cp-ºp-h-Sn sIm-≠v_nw-_n-bp-sS X-e-bv-°-Sn-®p. ho-ń¬ F-Øn-b _nw-_n X-e-th-Z-\-sb Xp-S¿-∂v t_m-[-c-ln-X-\m-bn.

Cu Zm-cp-W-kw-`-hw \-S-∂-Xv H-tŒm-_¿ 16-\v B-bn-cp-∂p.A-Sn-tb-‰v _nw-_n-bp-sS X-e-t®m-dn¬ c-‡-{km-h-ap-≠m-hp-I-bpw A-t±-lw tIm-a-bn-te-°p h-gp-Xp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. H-tŒm-_¿ 20-\p tZ-lw sh-Sn-™p.



k-tXy-jv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2006 P-\p-h-cn 3

_n-sP-]n sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ ap-\n-kn-∏¬ sk-{I-´-dn.sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ `m-K-Øv _n-sP-]n-bp-sS A-Sn-Ø-dsI-ń-s∏m-°n-b-Xn¬ k-tXy-jv {]-ap-J ]-¶v h-ln-®p. Pn-√-bn¬ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]-ap-J-t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. P-\p-h-cn aq-∂n-\v ]-´m-∏-I¬ sIm-e sN-ø-

s∏-´p.sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\p ap-ºv \-S-∂ ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n C-e-£-\n¬,

tIm-X-]-d-ºv hm¿-Un¬ kn-]n-F-Ωn-s\ tXm¬-∏n-®v _n-sP-]n hn-P-bn-®n-cp-∂p. C-Xn¬ ]-I-]q-≠ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ k-tXy-jn-s\ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

kp-\n¬-Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2006 \-hw-_¿ 9

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw Pn-√m tk-hm-{]-ap-Jv. \yq-kv-t]-∏¿ G-P‚ v.\yq-kv-t]-∏¿ sI- p-Iƒ F-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p F-√m Zn-h-k-hpw kp-\n¬-Ip-am¿ In-fn-am-\q-cn¬ t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-Ø-c-sam-cp k-μ¿- -Øn¬, F≥-Un-F-

^n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ B-{I-an-®p-sIm-∂p. kp-\n¬-Ip-am-dn-s‚ a-c-Wm-\-¥-c N-S-ßp-I-fn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m-s\-Øn-b B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\p P-\-ßƒ, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ P-\-k-Ω-Xn-°p sX-fn-hm-bn-cp-∂p.

_n-Pp | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2006 Un-kw-_¿ 1

h-ń-bq¿-°m-hv a-Wv-U-e-Øn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. H-cp c-‡-Zm-\ kw-cw- -Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø-ti-jw Xn-cn-®ph-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv B-{I-an-Iƒ X-S-™p \n¿-Øn a¿-±n-®p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√.

]n.F-kv kp-Pn-Xv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2006 Un-kw-_¿ 17

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. G-ß-≠n-bq¿ tI-{μ-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-®p. cm-{„o-b hy-Xym-k-Øn-s‚ t]-cn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

c-hn | a-e-∏p-dw

sIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 P-\p-h-cn 20

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Xn-cp-\m-hm-b J-fiv Im-cy-hm-lv. cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-ń-te-°pt]m-Ip-tºmƒ, ]n-∂m-se ss_-°n-se-Øn-b, F≥-Un-F- n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-

en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

jm-Pp | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 s^-{_p-h-cn 12

_n-Fw-F-kv sIm-S-I-c G-cn-b tPm-bn‚ v sk-{I-´-dn. I-t√-‰pw-I-c-bn-ep-≈- tI-c-fm o-Uv-kv ÿm-]-\-Øn-se tKm-Uu¨ sXm-gn-em-fn. tPm-en-°p I-

b-dm-\m-bn bq-Wn-t^mw [-cn-°p-tºmƒ, I-ayq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ ap-dn-bn¬ I-b-dn B-{I-an-®p. ÿ-e-Øp-h-®v X-s∂ A-t±-lw a-cn-®p.

A-Uz-. h¬-k-cm-P Ip-dp-∏v | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 am¿-®v 5

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS s]-cn-ß-fw a-fi-ew I-Ω-‰n Aw-Kw. X-e-t»-cn _m-dn-se A-`n-`m-j-I≥. H-cp cm-{Xn-bn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ H-cp tI-kn-s‚Im-cyw kw-km-cn-°m-s\-∂ hym-tP-\ A-t±-l-sØk-ao-]n-®p. kw-km-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬

A-h¿ s]-s´-∂v h¬-k-cm-P Ip-dp-∏n-s\ B-{I-an-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn. i-co-c-Øn¬ \n-c-h-[n sh-´p-I-tf-‰v A-t±-lw a-c-W-a-S-™p.

e-£v-a-W≥ | a-e-∏p-dwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 am¿-®v 16

B-¿FkvFkv- {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Xm-\q¿ H- p-ß-en¬I-S-bp-S-a. F≥-Un-F- n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ c-≠p ss_-°p-I-fn-se-Øn e-£v-a-W-s\, I-S-bp-sS ap-∂n¬-h-®v, B-

{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.Np-cp-ßn-b Im-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬ C-…m-an-I Kp-≠-Iƒ a-e-∏p-d-Øv-\-S-

Øn-b c-≠m-a-sØ sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-bn-cp-∂p e-£v-a-W-t‚-Xv.

N-{μ≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 G-{]n¬ 20

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Nm-cp-waq-SvXm-eq-°v Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p h-≈n-°p-∂w I-S-hn-\m¬ s\-Sn-b-Øv ssN-{Xw-ho- n¬ N-{μ≥. 2007G-{]nen¬ B-e-∏p-g-bn¬ D-≠m-b kw-L¿-j-Øn¬, \n-c-h-[n kz-bw-tk-h-I-cp-sS hoSpIƒ B-

{I-an-°-s∏-´p. \m-i-\-„-ßƒ hn-e-bn-cp-Øm-s\-Øn-b N-{μ-s\ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-{I-an-®p. h-Sn-hmƒ-sIm-≠p-≈ sh-t´-‰v A-t±-lw a-cn-®p.

N-{μ-s‚ Aw-K-`w-Kw h-∂, tN-X-\-b-‰ i-co-cw I-≠-bp-S≥ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ AΩ Ip-g-™pho-Wp. \m-ep-Zn-h-k-Øn-\pti-jw A-h¿Zn-hw-K-X-bm-bn.

{]-tam-Zv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 B-K-kv-Xv 16

X-e-t»-cn-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Im-c-W-sam-∂p-an-√m-sX I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ \-S-Øn-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-bn-cp-∂p {]-tam-Zn-t‚-Xv. Ip-td-°m-e-am-bn k-am-[m-\-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂ X-e-t»-cn-bn-se km-l-N-cyw h-j-fm-°m≥, £p-{Z-i-‡n-Iƒ C-√m-°-Y-Iƒ sa-\-s™-Sp-Øv {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xn-s‚ -e-am-bn A-h¿ {]-tam-Zn-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

kp-\n¬ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 H-tŒm-_¿ 22

sIm-Sp-ß-√q-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. I-ayq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-IƒsIm-e sN-bv-Xp.



sI.Sn. P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿h[w: a\xkm£nsbachn∏n°p∂ s]jhm¿tamU¬ B{IaWw-

sI.Sn. P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 1999 Un-kw-_¿ 1

Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-\p A-Sp-Øp-≈ sam-

tI-cn Cu-Ãv bp-]n kv-Iq-fn-se A-

[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p sI.Sn. P-b-Ir-jv-

W≥ am-Ã¿. `m-c-Xo-b P-\-X bp-h-

tam¿-®-bp-sS kw-ÿm-\ ssh-kv {]-kn-U‚ v. 1999 Un-kw-

_¿ H-∂mw Xn-b-Xn cm-hn-se ]-Ø-c-bv°v P-b-Ir-jv-W≥

am-Ã¿ B-dmw ¢m-kn-se Ip- n-Iƒ-°p ¢m-kv F-Sp-Øp sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ am-Ã-dp-sS t_m-

UnKm¿-Uv F-hn-tS-t°m A-{]-Xy-£-\m-bn. (I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv

{In-an-\-ep-I-fn¬ \n-∂p-≈ ò-j-Wn-aq-ew kw-ÿm-\

k¿°m¿ A-t±-l-Øn-\v Aw-K-c-£-I-s\ G¿-∏m-Sm-°n-bn-

cp-∂p). \n-an-j-Øn-\-Iw G-gv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ ¢m-

kv-ap-dn-bn¬ A-Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn, Ip-ń-I-tfm-Sp i-–-ap-≠m-

°-cp-sX-∂pw A-\-ß-cp-sX-∂pw ò-j-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn. ¢m-kv-

ap-dn-bn¬-\n-∂v ]p-d-tØ-°p-≈ F-√m h-gn-I-fpw A-S-®v, A-

{I-an-Iƒ hm-fpw h-Sn-hm-fpw ]p-d-sØ-Sp-Øv P-b-Ir-jv-W≥

am-Ã-sd X-e-ßpw hn-e-ßpw sh-ń. am-Ã¿ t_m-[-c-ln-X-

\m-bn \n-ew ]-Xn-®n-´pw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sh-´p-∂-

Xv Xp-S¿-∂p. \m-ev-]-sØ-t´m-fw sh-´p-Iƒ i-co-c-Øn¬ G-

‰p. A-©p-an-\n-‰n-\-Iw P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ a-cn-®p.

am-Ã-dp-sS a-c-Ww D-d-∏m-°n-b ti-jw, am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-

e-bm-fn-I-fn¬ H-cmƒ ¢m-kv-ap-dn-bp-sS t_m¿-Un¬ Zr-Iv-km-

£n-I-fm-b Ip-ń-Iƒ-°p Xm-°o-Xn-s‚ kz-c-Øn¬ ap-∂-dn-

bn-∏v F-gp-Xn. tI-k-t\z-j-W-Øn¬- k-l-I-cn-°p-∂ Ip-ń-

Iƒ-°pw A≤ym-]-I¿-°pw, P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã-dp-sS K-Xn-

h-cp-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p A-{I-an-I-fp-sS Xm-°o-Xv. ]n-s∂-b-h¿

tNm-c-]-‰n-b hm-fp-I-fpw {]-Z¿-in-∏n-®v s]m-Xp-\n-c-Øn-eq-sS

\-S-∂p-t]m-bn.

tI-c-f-Øn-se cm-{„o-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-ß-fn¬ G-‰-hpw

Zm-cp-W-am-b H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã-dp-sS sIm-

e. ]-Xn-s\m-∂v h-b- v am-{Xw {]m-b-ap-≈ Ip-ń-Iƒ-°p ap-

∂n¬-h-®m-bn-cp-∂p kw-`-hw \-S-∂-Xv. a-t\m-hn-Im-k-Øn-

epw kz- m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-epw \n¿-Wm-b-I kzm-[o-\w sN-

ep-Øp-∂, B {]m-b-Øn¬ Im-tW-≠n h-∂ c-‡-cq-jn-X

sIm-e-]m-X-Iw Ip-ń-I-fp-sS Ip-™p-a-\- n-\v I-\-Ø B-

Lm-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. _m-ey-Øn-te-‰ am-\-kn-Im-Lm-Xw H-gn-

hm-°m≥ Ip-ń-I-sf Nn-´-bm-b Iu¨-k-en-ßn-\p hn-t[-b-

am-t°-≠n h-∂p. sIm-√-ß-tfm-fw \o-≠ Iu¨-k-en-Mv

sk-j-\p-I-fm-Wv ]-e¿-°pw th-≠n-h-∂-Xv.

am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿-°p Dƒ-s°m-≈m-\m-Im-Ø H-cp {]-Xy-

b-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ A-Sn-bp-d-®p {]-h¿-Øn-®p F-∂-Xm-Wv P-

b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ sN-bv-X Ip-‰w. am-Ã¿-°v e-`n-®p-h-∂n-

cp-∂ P-\-k-Ω-Xn-bpw sIm-e-bv°v t{]-c-W-bm-bn.

1996˛-em-Wv _n-sP-]n-bp-sS I-Æq¿ Pn-√m sk-{I-´-dn-bm-

b ]-∂y-∂q¿ N-{μ-s\, `m-cy-bp-sS ap-∂n¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-

Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw _n-

sP-]n I-Æq-cn¬ h-en-b {]-Xn-k-‘n t\-cn-s´-¶n-epw, ]m¿-

ń-sb ap-t∂m-´p\-bn-°p-I-sb-∂ D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw P-b-Ir-

jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ G-s‰-Sp-Øp. A-t±-lw B Np-a-X-e `w-Kn-

bm-bn -\n-d-th-‰p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]-Xn-\m-ev ap-gp-h≥ k-a-b-

{]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS k-lm-b-hpw C-°m-cy-Øn¬ A-t±-l-Øn-

\v e-`n-®p. C-tXm-sS _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ I-Æq-cn¬

\-∂m-bn ap-t∂-dp-I-bpw P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿-°v P-\-k-Ω-

Xn e-`n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-I-fp-

sS A-Sp-Ø e-£y-am-bn A-t±-lw am-dn. ]-e-t∏m-gpw am¿-Iv-

kn-Ãv {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-°ƒ X-ß-fp-sS A-Sp-Ø C-c-sb

h-I-h-cp-Øp-sa-∂ o-j-Wn-I-fpw I-Æq-cn¬ ap-g-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

C-sX-√mw P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã-dp-sS h-[-Øn¬ I-em-in-®p.



hn-t\m-Zv Ip-am¿ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 \-hw-_¿ 2

a-W-e-b-sØ B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. tam-t´m¿ ssk-°n-fn¬h-∂, C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-sf-∂p I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂, \m-ep-t]¿hn-t\m-Zn-s\ A-Sn-®p-ho-gv-Øn. c-£-s∏-Sm\mbn Hm-Sn-b hn-t\m-Zn-s\N-S-b-aw-K-e-sØ a-W-e-bw Pw-Kv-j≥h-sc A-{I-an-Iƒ ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p.A-hn-sS-h-®v hn-t\m-Zn-\p ho-≠pw a¿-±-\-ta-‰p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√.

hn-t\m-Zv | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2007 Un-kw-_¿ 23

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ h-≈n-°p-∂w a-fi-ew im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv. ss_-°n¬ ho-ń-te-°p h-cp-tºmƒ F≥-Un-F-^v t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ C-…m-an-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-a-WD-t±-i-tØm-sS ]n-∂m-se-sb-Øn. A-h-cn¬-\n-∂p

c-£-s∏-Sm≥ A-Sp-Øp-≈ ho-ń-te-°p hn-t\m-Zv Hm-Sn-°-b-dn-sb-¶n-epw, A-{I-an-Iƒ ho-ń¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n, ap-‰-Øn-´p sh-ń-s°m-∂p.

\n-Jn¬ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 am¿-®v 5

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ X-e-t»-cnXm-eq-°v im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv B-bn-cp-∂kp-ta-jn-\p t\-sc-bp-≠m-b h-[-{i-a-Øn-\p ti-jw,am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- h-en-b A-{I-a-]-c-º-c I-Æq-cn¬ A-c-tß-dn. A-Xn¬ sIm-√-

s∏-´ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-Wv \n-Jn¬. {S-°v ¢o-\¿- B-bn-cp-∂\n-Jn-en-s\ {S-°n¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se h-cp-am-\-ap-≈ G-I-hy-‡n A-ßn-s\ C-√m-Xm-bn.

2007-˛se in-h-cm-{Xn Zn-\-Øn¬ tk-hm-\n-[n ti-J-c-Ww I-gn-™vho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv kp-ta-jn-\p t\-sc B-{I-a-W-ap-≠m-b-Xv. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ssI-∏-Øn sh-ń-am-‰p-I-bpw ap-Jw B-bp-[-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®v sIm-Øn-\p-dp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Im-c-W-sam-∂p-an-√m-sX ]- m-∏-I¬ \-S-∂ Cu B-{I-a-W-Øn-\p ti-jw I-Æq-cn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ A-gn-™m-Sn. c-≠v Zn-h-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ A-©v_n-sP-]n, -B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ _-en-Zm-\nIfm--bn.

k-Xy≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 am¿-®v 5

kp-ta-jv B-{I-an-°-s∏- ti-jw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. X-ń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn hm-l-\-Øn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãvco-Xn-bn¬ a-Wn-°q-dp-I-tfm-fw ]o-Un-∏n-® ti-jwk-Xy-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-{I-an-Iƒ Xm-en-_m≥

tam-U-en¬ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ in-c- v sh-ń-am-‰n.

a-tl-jv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 am¿-®v 6

\n-Jn-en-\pw k-Xy-\pw ti-jw h-[n-°-s∏-´ aq-∂m-a-sØ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. an-X- m-jn-bpw ku-lr-Z a-t\m-`m-h-hp-ap-≈ a-tl-jn-\p am¿-Iv-kn-ÃvA-\p- m-hn-I-fp-am-bpw A-Sp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Ø-

cw Nn-e kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ Ip-i-e-{]-iv-\w \-S-Øm-s\-∂ hym-tP-\a-tl-jn-s‚ ho-ń-se-Øn, A-t±-l-sØ ]p-d-tØ-°v hn-fn-®p. a-tl-jv ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b D-S≥, sN-∂m-bv-°-sf t]m-se A-h¿ A-t±-l-Øn-\pta¬ Nm-Sn-ho-Wv sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp.

kp-tc-jv _m-_p | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 am¿-®v 7

kp-ta-jv B-{I-an-°-s∏-´ ti-jw sIm-√-s∏-´ \m-em-a-sØ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. X-e-t»-cn kz-tZ-in. kp-tc-jn-s‚ ho- n¬ A-Xn-{I-an-®pI-b-dn \m-i-\-„-ßƒ h-cp-Øn-b ti-jw, A-t±-l-sØ ap-‰-tØ-°p h-en-®n-g-®psIm-≠p-t]m-bn sh-ń-s°m-e-

s∏-Sp-Øn.

kp-tc-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 am¿-®v 7

c-≠p-Zn-h-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂ A-©m-a-sØ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. kp-tc-{μ\v 62 h-b- m-bn-cp-∂p. A-kp-J-_m-[n-X-\m-bn In-S-∏n-em-bn-cp-∂n- pw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ sIm-e-sN-bv-Xp. kp-tc-

{μ-s‚ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\pti-jw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-cp-sS \-c-l-Xy-s°-Xn-sc tZ-io-b-X-e-Øn¬ h≥-{]-Xn-tj-[w D-b¿-∂p. C-Xp-aq-ew sIm-e-]m-X-I ]-c-º-c Xp-S-cm≥ A-h¿-°m-bn-√.

k-μo-]v | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 G-{]n¬ 14

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. hn-jp Zn-h-kw ssh-Ip-t∂-cw C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp. s\-√n-°p-∂v _o-®v-tdm-Un¬ h-®m-bn-cp-∂pkw-`-hw.

c-ta-jv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 G-{]n¬ 9

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. X-fn-°p-f-Øp-h-®v I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv-, Pn-lm-Zn Iq-´p-sI-ń-s‚ Kp-≠m-kw-Lw Ip-Øn-s°m-∂p. B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ k-tlm-Z-c≥ cm-tP-jn-\pw am-c-I-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰p.

A-Uz-. kp-lm-kv | Im-k¿-tKm-UvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 G-{]n¬ 16

_n-Fw-F-kv Pn-√m ssh-kv {]-kn-U‚ v. k-μo-]n-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-I-sØ Xp-S¿-∂v s]m-ń-∏p-d-s∏-Á-{I-a-Øn¬ kp-lm-kn-s‚ Hm- o-kv X-I¿-°-s∏-´p. A-t±-lw h-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

A-tbm-[y {]-t£m-`-Im-e-Øv, kp-lm-kn-s‚A—≥ A-Uz-. a-©-∏-sb C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ {Iq-c-am-bn B-{I-an-®n-cp-∂p.

kp-tc-jv | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 sa-bv 9

I-√-≠n-s®-√ {]-tZ-i-sØ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Nn-‰q¿ a-fi-e-Øn¬ s]-Sp-∂ sIm-gn-™-ºm-d t£-{X-Øn-se D¬-k-h ]-cn-]m-Sn-



Iƒ A-e-t¶m-e-am-°m≥ h-∂ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠m-kw-L-sØ kp-tc-jv tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xn¬ {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-bn am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv kw-Lw- A-t±-l-sØ sIm-e sN-bv-Xp.

A-dp-®m-an | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 Pq-sse 21

a-e-ºp-g-bnse _n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]m-tZ-in-It\-Xm-hv.]m¿-ń k-tΩ-f-\w I-gn-™v ho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√.

ss_-Pp | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 B-K-kv-Xv 21

]m-h-d-ń-bn¬ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv. Sm-Iv-kn s{sU-h¿. B-K-kv-Xv 21˛\p cm-{Xn-bn¬ s]-t{Smƒ-]-ºn¬-h-®v Im-dn¬ Uo-k¬ A-Sn-°p-tºmƒ F≥-Un-F-^v ]n-¥p-W-bp-≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v ]-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. G-Xm-\pw a-Wn-°q-dp-Iƒ-°p ti-jw B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ A-¥-cn-®p.

A-\q-]v | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 H-tŒm-_¿ 11

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. kp-lr-Øn-s‚ ho-ń¬-\n-∂p a-S-ßnh-cp-tºmƒ X-e-t»-cn-bn¬ h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. t_mw-t_-dn¬ A-\q-]v kw--h-ÿ-e-Øv h-®p-X-s∂ a-cn-®p.

hn-P-b-Z-i-an B-tLm-j-ßƒ ]q¿-hm-[n-Iw w-Kn-bn¬ \-S-∂ph-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. B¿FkvFkn-s‚ ]-Y-k-©-e-\w-`w-Kn-bm-bn I-gn-™p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ {]-Xo-£n-®-Xn-epw Iq-Sp-X¬-t]¿ ]-Y-k-©-e-\w Im-Wm≥ X-Sn-®p-Iq-Sn. A-\q-]n-s‚ sIm-e-bv°v C-sX-√mwt{]-c-I-L-S-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

cRvPn-Øv | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 H-tŒm-_¿ 17

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ a-Æ-¥-ea-fi-ew im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv. ]-®-°-dn-°-S D-S-a. H-tŒm-_¿ 17\v A-Xn-cm-hn-se I-S Xp-d-°p-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-e-

s∏-Sp-Øn. i-co-cw Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-hn-[w Aw-K-`w-Kw h-cp-Øn.

hn-t\m-Zv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2008 \-hw-_¿ 19

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ap≥ a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv B-bn-cp-∂p Xn-cp-s\-√q¿ A-d-bv-°¬ hn-t\m-Zv. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv- C-…m-an-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ]m-h-d-ń-bn-se ]-Sq¿ ssI-X-ap-°n¬sh-®v sh-ń-s°m-∂p. hn-t\m-Zv kw- -h-ÿ-e-Øp-h®v X-s∂ a-

cn-®p. hn-t\m-Zv k-©-cn-® tam-t´m¿ ssk-°n-fn¬ sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒa-\-∏q¿-Δw Im¿ C-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. C-Sn-bp-sS B-Lm-X-Øn¬ \n-e-Øp-ho-W hn-t\m-Zv A-{I-an-I-sf I-≠v Hm-Sn. F-∂m¬ A-{I-an-Iƒ]n-¥p-S¿-∂v sN-∂p sh-ń.

kn-Pp | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2009 am¿-®v 10

X-\q-cn-se- a-eq¿ ]-©m-b-Øn-se- B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. cm-{„o-b ssh-cm-Ky-Øm¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-{I-an-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

hn-\-b≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2009 am¿-®v 12

B-¿FkvFkv- {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Np-a-´psXm-gn-em-fn. tPm-en I-gn-™vI-S-Øn-Æ-bn¬ hn-{i-an-°p-tºmƒ- am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. X-e-t»-cn B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√.

k-Pn-Øv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2009 G-{]n¬ 27

a-´-∂q-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. ap≥ kn-]n-Fw Aw-Kw. kz-Im-cy-_-kv s{sU-h¿. sIm-√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\v c-≠p-h¿-jw ap-ºm-Wv k-Pn-Øv _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂-Xv. kw- -h-Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn-bn¬ H-cpI-eym-W-ho- n¬ t]m-bn, _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-

b _n-Pp-hn-t\m-sSm-∏w, a-S-ßn-h-cp-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-IƒC-cp-h-tc-bpw B-{I-an-®p. am-c-I-am-b sh-´p-I-tf-‰ k-Pn-Øv c-‡whm¿-∂v a-cn-®p. _n-Pp Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-cp-°p-I-tfm-sS c-£-s∏-´p.

hn-\n¬. hn | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2010 sa-bv 3

hm-Sm-\-∏n-≈n-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Nm-h-°m v h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®v sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.

cm-tP-jv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2010 B-K-kv-Xv 10

]m-\q-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. B-bp-[-[m-cn-I-fm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. Ip-t∂m-Øv-]-d-ºn¬ h-®m-Wv kw- -hw. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw Po-h≥ c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√..

c-Xo-jv | ]m-e-°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2010 Un-kw-_¿ 2

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I-kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-©n-t°m-Sv im-J Im-cy-hm-lv. _-kn¬ k-©-cn-°p-tºmƒI-©n-t°mSn¬h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-I-fm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. am-c-I-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰ c-Xo-jv _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

a-t\m-Pv | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2012 s^-{_p-h-cn 12

`m-c-Xo-b a-kv-Zq¿ kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]-tøm-fn ta-J-esk-{I- -dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p a-t\m-Pv. C-cp-]-tXm-fw h-cp-∂ I-Ωyq-Wn-‰pIm¿ sh- n sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. a-t\m-Pn-s‚ ho-ń¬ h-®v cm-{Xn 9.30-bv-°m-Wv sIm-e \-

S-∂-Xv. a-t\m-Pv c-£-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-∂v D-d-∏m-°m≥ A-{I-an-Iƒ ho-Sn-s‚ hm-Xn¬-°¬ h-sc Im-h¬-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. `m-cy-bp-tS-bpw a-°-fp-sS-bpw ap-∂n¬-h-®v am-c-I-am-bn sh-t´-‰ at\m-Pv, ]n-t‰-Zn-h-kw cm-hn-se a-c-W-Øn-\p Io-g-S-ßn.



jm-tcm¨ | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2012 P-\p-h-cn 19

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ap-√-t»-cnim-J Im-cy-hm-lv. jm-tcm¨ P-\-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬s]m-Xp-k-Ω-X-\pw Xn-f-°-am¿-∂ hy-‡n-Xz-Øn-\p-S-a-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-sØ h-[n-°m≥ Im-c-W-ßƒ H-∂pw X-s∂ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F-∂n- pw sh-

dpw cm-{„o-b-ssh-cm-Kyw aq-ew C-cp-ń-s‚ a-d-hn¬ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ jm-tcm-Wn-s\ B-{I-an-®p. am-c-I-am-bn sh-t´-‰ A-t±-lw]n-t‰-∂v B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ a-cn-®p.

hn-\p-tam≥ | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2013 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 6

]q-P-∏p-c X-a-ew im-J-bn-se {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. ho-ń-te-°p t]m-Ip-tºmƒ \m-ew-K kw-Lw ]-Xp-ßn-bn-cp-∂v B-{I-an-®p. L-\-ap-≈B-bp-[-Øm¬ a¿-±-\-ta-‰ hn-\p-tam≥, kw- -h-ÿ-e-Øp h-®v X-s∂a-c-W-a-S-™p.

hn-t\m-Zv Ip-am¿ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2013 Un-kw-_¿ 2

B-¿FkvFkv im-Jm Im-cy-hm-lv. t^m-t´m-{Km-^¿. ku-ay-{]-Ir-Xnbm-b hn-t\m-Zn-s\ F-√m-h-cpwC-„-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ A-\p-kv-a-c-W-Øn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-°m≥ hn-t\m-Zv a-‰p kz-bw-tk-h-I¿-s°m-∏w t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h-gn-a-t[y B-

bp-[-[m-cn-I-fm-b am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ hm-l-\w X-S-™p \n¿-ØnA-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn-´p. h-Sn-hm-fpw \m-S≥-t_mw-_pw D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈ B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n-c-h-[n kz-bw-tk-h-I¿-°p Kp-cp-X-c-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰p. hn-t\m-Zn-s\ ]-cn-bm-cw sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pv B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]-th-in-∏n-s®-¶n-epw ssh-Ip-t∂-cw a-c-W-a-S-™p.

A-\q-]v | tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2013 Un-kw-_¿ 19

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ Ip-‰ym-Snim-J ap-Jy-in-£-Iv. A-\-[n-Ir-X ]m-d J-\-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc \-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-Øv, ]-›n-a-L-´-Øn-se ]-cn-ÿn-Xn kw-c-£n-°m-\p-≈ {]-t£m- -Øn-s‚ ap≥-\n-c-bn¬ A-\q-]v D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv t\-Xm-°-fpw A-\-[n-Ir-X Izm-dn am-^n-b-bpw X-Ωn-

ep-≈ A-hn-ip-≤ Iq-´p-sI-´v ]-c-ky-am-b c-l-ky-am-bn-cp-∂p. H-cp-Zn-h-kw {]-t£m`w \-bn-°p-tºmƒ, I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ {]-tZ-i-am-sI h-f-™v A-{I-aw A-gn-®p-hn-´p. \m-S≥ t_mw-_v s]m-ń \n-c-h-[n t]¿-°p ]-cn-t°-‰p. am-c-I-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰n-cp-∂ A-\q-]v _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn.

cm-P≥ ]n-≈ | sIm-√wsIm√s∏´Xv: 2014 Pq¨ 1

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. sIm- mc°c πm-∏-≈n Pw-Kv-j-\n-se sN-dn-b Nm-b-°-S-bm-bn-cp-∂p D-]-Po-h-\ am¿-Kw. \-tc-{μ-tam-Zn {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-bn k-Xy-{]-Xn-⁄ sN-bv-X Zn-h-kw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ

am-dm-Sn-se B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿. am-dm-Sv Iq-´-s°m-e-bv-°pap-ºv C-cp-h-tc-bpw C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.2001 Un-kw-_¿ 6-\p ti-jw {]-tZ-i-Øv \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂ kw-L¿-jØns‚ mKambn C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ _n-sP-]n-, B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I--cp-sS ho-Sp-I-fpw h-≈-ß-fpw Xo-h-®p \-in-∏n-®p. Xp-S¿-∂p \-S-∂ A-{I-a-ß-fn¬ jnw-Pn-Øpw Ip-™p-tam-\pwsIm-√-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

jnw-Pn-Øv,Ip-™p-tam≥ \m-cm-b-W≥ |tIm-gn-t°m-SvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 P-\p-h-cn 2

X-e-t»-cn ta-eq-cn-se k-Po-h B¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿. C-cp-h-cpw ap-ºv kn-]n--Fw Aw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-]-£-tØ-°p C-h¿am-dn-b-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v, th-td-bpw am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv A-Wn-Iƒ _n-sP-]n-bn¬ tN¿-∂p. C-Xv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im-sc {]-tIm-]n-∏n-®p. A-h¿ A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ ho-Sm-{I-an-®v, D-d-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ C-cp-h-tc-bpw a-gp,Ip-dp-h-Sn F-∂n-h D-]-tbm-Kn-®v h-I-h-cp-Øn. kp-\n-en-s‚ ar-X-i-co-cw s\-ev-]m-S-sØ sN-fn-bn¬ N-hn-ń-Øm-gv-Øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

kp-Po-jv, kp-\n¬ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 am¿-®v 2



cm-P≥-]n-≈-sb ITn-\-am-bn a¿-±n-®n-cp-∂p. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ Nn-In¬-kn-s®-¶n-epw H-cm-gv-N-bv°pti-jw a-c-W-Øn-\p Io-g-S-ßn.

\-tc-{μ-tam-Zn-bp-sS k-Xy-{]-Xn-⁄mN-S-ßn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®v πm-∏-≈n Pw-Kv-v-j≥ _n-sP-]n-bp-sS sIm-Sn-tXm-c-W-ß-fm¬ A-e-¶-cn-®n-cp-∂p. cm-P≥-]n-≈-bp-sS Nm-b-°-S-bn-epw _n-sP-]n-bp-sS sIm-Sn\m-ń. H-cp Iq-´w km-aq-ln-I-hn-cp-≤¿ B sIm-Sn-Iƒ \-in-∏n-°p-I-bpw, sIm-Sn-\m-´m≥ k-Ω-Xn-®-Xn-s‚ t]-cn¬ cm-P≥-]n-≈-sb a¿-±n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

a¿-±-I-cn¬ cm-P≥-]n-≈-bp-sS _-‘p-°-fpw Dƒ-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. a-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p G-Xm-\pw a-Wn-°q-dp-Iƒ ap-ºv A-t±-lw \¬-In-b sam-gn-bn¬ C-°m-cyw F-Sp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. _-‘p-°-sf Iq-Sm-sX A-{I-an-kw-L-Øn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {]-h¿-Ø-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a-c-W-sam-gn A-\p-k-cn-®v, ]-Xm-I \m-ń _n-sP-]n-sb t{]m¬-km-ln-∏n-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p a¿-±-\-Øn-\p Im-c-Ww.

kp-tc-jv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2014 B-K-kv-Xv 27

Iq-Øp-]-d-ºn-se _n-Fw-F-kv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Sm-Iv-kn s{sU-h¿. B-K-kv-Xv 17-˛\v Sm-Iv-kn Hm-´-Øn-\p hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠p t]m-bn, h-gn-a-s≤y am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. A-©p-t]-c-S-ßp-∂ kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-øn¬ hm-fp-I-fpw C-cp-ºp-Z-

Wv-Up-I-fpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. X-e-bv-t°-‰ am-c-I-{]-l-c-Øn¬ kp-tc-jn-s‚ X-e-bn¬ c-‡w I-´-]n-Sn-®p. t_m-[-w \-in-®v A-t±-lw tIm-a-bn-te-°p h-gp-Xn. 10 Zn-h-k-Øn-\p ti-jw B-K-kv-Xv 27-\p a-cn-®p.

sI.sI. cm-P≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2015 s^-{_p-h-cn 14

]-ø-∂q-cn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. sI.Sn P-b-Ir-jv-W≥ am-Ã¿ _-en-Zm-\ Zn-h-k-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v, _n-sP-]n Pn-√m I-Ω-‰n ]-ø-∂q-cn¬ kw-L-Sn-∏n-® P-\-i-‡n kw-K-aØn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Ø ti-

jw, a-‰p _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-tcm-sSm-∏w Po-∏n¬ Xn-cn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (_-en-Zm-\n kn.F≥. hn-t\m-Zv-Ip-am-dn-s‚ B-Zy-sØ kv-a-c-W-Zn-\-hpw A-∂pX-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p). X-fn-∏-d-ºn-\-Sp-Øp-≈ B-e-t°m-Sn¬ h-®v, Po-∏n-\p t\-sc-bp-≠m-b I-\-Ø I-t√-dn¬ cm-P-s‚X-e-bv-°p Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]-cn-t°-‰p. ]-cn-bm-cw sa-Un-°¬ tI-tf-Pn¬ F-Øn-® ti-jw \-S-Øn-b ]-cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ X-e-t®m-dn-\v Kp-cp-X-c-]-cn-t°-‰-Xm-bn sX-fn-™p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ i-co-c-Øn-s‚ H-

cp-`m-Kw X-f¿-∂p. a-c-W-tØm-Sp a-√n-´v, aq-∂p am-kw B-ip-]-{Xn I-gn-™-ti-jw 2015 s^-{_p-h-cn 14-\p a-cn-®p.

A- n-em-jv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2015 B-K-kv-Xv 28

_n-sP-]n-bp-sS sIm-S-I-c hm-kp-]p-cw _q-Øv sk-{I-´-dn. 2015-se Hm-Ww \m-fn¬ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sh- n-∏-cn-t°¬-∏n-®p. D-S≥ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√. A- n-em-jn-s\m-

∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ k-Xo-jv F-∂ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-\pw am-c-I-am-bn ]-cn-t°-‰n-cp-∂p.

kp-Pn-Xv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 s^-{_p-h-cn 16

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ ]m-∏n-\n-t»-cn a-Wv-U¬ Im-cy-hm-lv. A-tcm-fn B-km-Zv tIm-f-\n-bn-ep-≈ kp-Pn-Øn-s‚ ho-Sv ]-tØm-fw h-cp-∂ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. am-Xm-]n-

am-cm-cn-°p-f-sØ B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿. Ir-kv-Xy≥ a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv C-cp-h-tc-bpw sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. k-am-\-X-bn-√m-Ø {Iq-c-X-bm-Wv A-{I-an-Iƒ Im-Wn-®-Xv. ho-ń¬ A-Xn-{I-an-®p I-b-dn C-cp-h-tc-bpw ]p-d-tØ-°p h-en-®n-g-®p sIm-≠p-t]m-b ti-jw, Im-ep-Iƒ sh-ń-am-‰n. C-h-cp-sS i-co-cw I-S-en¬ sIm-≠p-t]m-bn X-≈n. \o-¥m-\m-Im-sX kp-ta-jpw ]o-Xmw-_-c-\pw I-S-en¬ ap-ßn-a-cn-®p. ]o-Xmw-_-c-s‚ar-X-i-co-cw H-cn-°-epw I-≠p-In-ń-bn-√. am-cm-cn-°p-fw ssX-°¬ _o-®n-em-Wv kw-`-hw \-S-∂-Xv.

ln-μp-°fp-sS ho-Sp-Iƒ-°p t\-sc Ir-kv-Xy≥ a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-IƒA-∂v Ip-td B-{I-a-W-ßƒ \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. {]-tZ-i-Øp ÿm-]n-®n-cp-∂ {io-\m-cm-b-W Kp-cp-tZ-h-s‚ {]-Xn-a-bv-°pw A-h¿ tI-Sp-Iƒ h-cp-Øn.

kp-ta-jv, ]o-Xmw-_-c≥ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2002 am¿-®v 15

Sn. A-izn-\n-Ip-am¿ I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2005 am¿-®v 10

cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-Æq¿ Pn-√m_u-≤n-Iv {]-ap-Jv. C-cn- n-bn-se{]-K-Xn ]m-c-e¬ tIm-tf-Pn¬A-≤ym-]-I≥. ]p-cm-W-ß-fn-epw a-‰pw B-g-Øn¬ A-dn-hp-≈ {]-K¤ {]-`m-j-I-≥. _-kn¬ k-©-cn-°p-tºmƒ F≥-Un-F- n-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-

≈ C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. t_mw-s_-dn-™v _-kv \n¿-Øn-® ti-jw, A-izn-\n-Ip-am-dn-s\ _-kn¬-\n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ap-Jw Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\m-Im-Ø hn-[w sh- n-\p-dp-°n. A-izn-\n-Ip-am-dn-s‚ a-c-Wm-\-¥-c N-S-ßp-I-fn¬ B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\p P-\-ßƒ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.



Xm-°-fp-sS ap-∂n¬-h-®v kp-Pn-Øn-\p am-c-I-am-bn sh-t´-‰p. F-sI-Pn B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw a-cn-®p. kp-Pn-Øn-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-\pw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-°pw B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ ]-cp-°v ]-‰n.

{]-tam-Zv | Xr-iq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 sa-bv 20

_n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. ]n-W-dm-bn hn-P-b-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ F¬-Un-F-^v K-h-s◊‚ v A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰ ti-jw \-S-∂ B-Zy-sØ cm-{„o-b sIm-e-]m-X-I-am-Wv {]-tam-Zn-t‚-Xv. F¬-Un-F- v ÿm-

\m¿-∞n C.Sn. ssS-k-s‚ hn-P-bm-tLm-j {]-I-S-\-ßƒ-°n-sS ssI-∏-aw-K-e-Øp-h-®v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. sa-bv 20-\p B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬-h-®v a-c-W-a-S-™p.

Zr-Iv-km-£n-I-fp-sS hn-h-c-W-{]-Im-cw, B-tLm-j-{]-I-S-\-Øn-s‚a-d-hn¬ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc B-{I-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Sn-∏¿ tem-dn-bn-se-Øn-b kw-Lw {]-tam-Zn-t\-bpw Iq-´-tc-bpw C-„n-I D-]-tbm-Kn-®v a¿-±n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. X-e-t®m-dn¬ c-‡-{km-h-ap-≠m-Im≥ C-Xv Im-c-W-am-bn. B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ h-®v a-c-Ww kw-`-hn-®p.

jn-t\m-Pv, hn-Pn-Øv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2010 sa-bv 28

hn-Pn-Øv _n-sP-]n-bp-sS am-ln hm¿-Uv I-Ω-‰n {]-kn-U‚pw, jn-t\m-Pv sk-{I-´-dn-bpw B-bn-cp-∂p. kw-L-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ C-h¿ h-f-sc k-Po-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. kw-`-h-Zn-h-kw, am-ln Su¨ G-cn-b-bn¬-h-®v C-cp-h-cpw k-©-cn-® ss_-°n-\p t\-sc am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ t_mw-s_-dn-™p. ss_-°n¬ \n-∂p sX-dn-®p-ho-W C-cp-h-tc-bpw A-{I-an-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. {]-tXy-In-®v cm-{„o-b B`n-ap-Jy-sam-∂pw C-√m-Ø kp-Pn-Xv F-∂{]-tZ-i-hm-kn, Cu A-{I-a-Øn-\p Zr-Iv-km-£n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c-‡-cq-jn-X-am-b sIm-e-]m-X-Iw t\-cn-´p I-≠-Xn-s‚ sR-´-en¬ A-t±-lw lr-Z-bm-Lm-Xw h-∂p a-cn-®p.

hn-im¬-Ip-am¿ | B-e-∏p-gsIm√s∏´Xv: 2012 Pq-sse 17

_n-Fkvkn- C-e-t{Œm-Wn-Iv-kv hn-Zym¿-∞n. F-_n-hn-]n sN-ß-∂q¿ Xm-eq-°v {]-kn-U‚ v. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-Iv kw-Lv sN-ß-∂q¿ \-K¿ im-co-cn-Iv in-£¨ {]-ap-Jv. Pq-sse 16-˛\v sN-ß-∂q¿ Ir-kv-Xy≥ tIm-tf-Pn-se H-∂mw-h¿-j hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-sf kzo-I-cn-°m≥ hn-im-epw a-‰pF-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-cpw tIm-tf-Pv tK-‰n-\-cn-In¬ \n¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F-√m h¿-j-hpw ]-Xn-hp-≈-Xpt]m-se, tIm-tf-Pv tK-‰n-\-cn-In¬ k-c-kz-Xn-tZ-hn-bp-tS-bpw kzm-an hn-th-Im-\-μ-t‚-bpw Nn-{X-ßƒ h-®v F-_n-hn-]n k-c-kz-Xo-]q-P \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

C-tX-k-a-bw H-º-Xv ss_-°p-I-fn¬ F-Øn-b C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ Iym-º-kv {^-≠v {]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS Iq-sS tN¿-∂v tIm-tf-Pv Im-º-kn¬ A-{I-aw Xp-S-ßn. A-h¿ \n-c-h-[n o-j-Wn-I-fpw ap-g-°n. Im-cy-a-t\z-jn-°m≥ F-Øn-b hn-im-en-t\-bpw a‰v F-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-tc-bpw C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ B-{I-an-®p. h-b-dn¬ Ip-tØ-‰ hn-im-en-s\ tIm- -bw sa-Un-°¬ tIm-tf-Pn¬ F-Øn-s®-¶n-epw ]n-t‰-Zn-h-kw a-c-W-a-S-™p.

ap-c-fn a-t\m-l¿ | B-e-∏p-gsN-ß-∂q¿ sh¨-a-Wn tZ-i-Øp-\n-∂p-≈ B¿FkvFkv {]-Nm-c-I≥. \m-cm-b-W≥ Ip-ń F-∂p hn-fn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂ A-t±-l-sØ kw-L-Øn-s‚ Np-a-X-e-Iƒ-°m-bn 1980- s‚ B-Zy-]m-Z-Øn¬ A- m-an-te-°p A-b-®p. 1990-¬ Np-a-X-e-bn¬

C-cn-s° Dƒ-^m Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ X-ń-s°m-≠p t]m-bn. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw ap-c-fn a-t\m-l-dn-s\ ]-‰n hn-h-c-ßƒ H-∂p-an-√.

kn.sI cm-a-N-{μ≥ | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 Pq-sse 11

B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. _n-Fw-F-kn-s‚kw-L-S-\m `m-c-hm-ln. Hm-t´m-dn-£ s{sU-h¿. 52h-b- m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-ø-∂q¿ Su-Wn¬ _n-Fw-F-kn-s‚ t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ Hm-t´m s{sU-th-gv-kv A-

tkm-kn-tb-j-s‚ A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-ÃvA-{I-an-Iƒ `m-cy-b-S-°-ap-≈ ho-´p-Im-cp-sS ap-∂n-en-´v A-t±-l-sØsh-ń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. m-cy-bp-sS sam-gn-b-\p-k-cn-®v sIm-e-bm-fn-I-fn¬ cm-a-N-{μ-s‚ _-‘p-°-fpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv k-¶-S-I-cw.



hn-\o-jv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 3

B-¿FkvFkv {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. Xn-√-t¶-cn ]-©m-b-Øv Hm-ô-kn¬-h-®v cm-{Xn 7.30-\v am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-Iƒ sh-ń-s°m-∂p. am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv ]m¿-ń-bp-sSap-Xn¿-∂ t\-Xm-°-fp-sS A-dn-thm-sS \-S-∂ sIm-

e-]m-X-I-am-Wn-sX-∂v I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. Zr-Iv-km-£n-I-fp-sS hn-h-c-Ww{]-Im-cw tNm-c-bn¬ Ip-fn-®p-In-S-∂ hn-\o-jn-s\ B-cpw B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ A-{I-an-Iƒ am-c-Im-bp-[-ß-fp-am-bnIm-h¬ \n-∂n-cp-∂p. t]m-eo-kv F-Øn-bm-Wv hn-\o-jn-s\ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-®-Xv .

hn-jv-Wp | Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 H-tŒm-_¿ 7.

`m-c-Xo-b P-\-X bp-h-tam¿-®-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-I≥.π-kv-Sp hn-Zym¿-∞n. bp-h-t\-Xr-Xz \n-c-bn-te-°pD-b¿-∂p h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ F-kvkn/F-kv-Sn k-ap-Zm-bmw-Kw. I-Æ-Ωq-e-bn-ep-≈ h-k-Xn-bn-¬ A-Xn-

{I-an-®p I-b-dn am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ sh- n-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.Ip-Sp-_mw-K-ßƒ-°pw ]-cn-°p-Iƒ G-‰p.

c-an-Xv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 H-tŒm-_¿ 12

]n-W-dm-bn-bn-se _n-sP-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. tI-c-fap-Jy-a-{¥n ]n-W-dm-bn hn-P-b-s‚ P-∑-{Km-a-am-b ]n-W-dm-bn-bn¬ k-tlm-Z-cn-°v th-≠n-bp-≈ a-cp-∂p-Iƒ hm-ßm≥ t]m-Ip-tºmƒ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv Kp-≠-

Iƒ ]-´m-∏-I¬ sh-ń-s°m-∂p.2002- ¬ c-an-Øn-s‚ A-—≥ D-Ø-a-s\ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw am¿-

Iv-kn-Ãp-Im¿ B-bn-cp-∂p. _-kv s{sU-h-dm-b- D-Ø-a-s\ t_mw-s_-dn-™v o-Xn-]-c-Øn, _-kn¬ \n-∂p h-en-®n-d-°n sh-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

k-®n≥ tKm-]m¬ | I-Æq¿

sIm√s∏´Xv: 2012 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 5

F-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I≥. 21h-b- m-bn-cp-∂p. ]-≈n-°p-∂vkv-Iq-fn-\p ap-∂n¬-h-®v Pq-sse 6-˛\v C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS hn-Zym¿-∞n-hn-`m-K-am-b Im-º-kv {^-≠v{]-h¿-Ø-I-cm¬ B-{I-an-°-s∏-´p. am-c-I-am-bn Ip-tØ-‰

k-®n-s\ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ F-Øn-®p. c-≠p-am-kw \o-≠ B-ip-]-{Xn Nn-In¬-k-°pw A-t±-l-sØ c-£n-°m-\m-bn-√. sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 5- \p _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. Np-cp-ßn-b Im-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬C-…m-an-I a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ c-≠m-a-sØF-_n-hn-]n {]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p k-®n¬ tKm-]m¬.

C-f-t¥m-´-Øn¬a-t\m-Pv | I-Æq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2014 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 1

cm-{„-tk-h-\-Øn-\m-bn kz-Po-hn-Xwk-a¿-∏n-® hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p C-f-t¥m-´-Øn¬ a-t\m-Pv, A-Y-hm I-Xn-cq¿ a-t\m-Pv. cm-{„o-b kz-bw-tk-h-I kw-L-Øn-s‚ I-Æq¿ Pn-√mim-co-cn-Iv {]-ap-Jv. Pn-√-bn¬ kw-L-

{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS ap-∂-Wn-t∏m-cm-fn-bm-b a-t\m-Pn-s\ h-[n-°m≥ am¿-Iv-kn-Ãv {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ G-sd-°m-e-am-bn {i-an-®n-cp-∂p. a-t\m-Pn-s‚ Pm-{K-Xm-]q¿-W-am-b \o-°-ßƒ aq-ew A-h-c-Xn¬ hn-P-bn-®n-√. F-∂m¬ 2014 sk-]v-X-_¿ 1-\p I-Xn-cq¿U-b-a-≠v ap-°n¬-h-®p \-S-∂ B-{I-a-W-Øn¬ a-t\m-Pv _-en-Zm-\n-bm-bn. Hm-av-\n hm-\n¬ ho-ń-te-°p h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ A-t±-l-sØ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv sIm-e-bm-fn-Iƒ t_mw-s_-dn-™v B-{I-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-t\m-Pn-s‚ sIm-e-]m-X-Iw B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-X-Xn¬ ap-Xn¿-∂ I-Ωyq-Wn-Ãv t\-Xm-°ƒ-°p ]-¶p-s≠-∂v B-tcm-]-Ww D-b¿-∂n-cp-∂p. kn-]n-F-Ωn-s‚ ko-\n-b¿-t\-Xm-°ƒ Cu sIm-e-t°-kn¬ {]XnIfmWv.

A\n¬Ipam¿ | Xncph\¥]pcwsIm√s∏´Xv: 2016 \hw_¿ 7.

ap≥ kn]nFw AwKw. tZiobXbn¬ BIr„\mbn _nsP]nbn¬ tN¿∂p. _nsP]nbpsSAcbq¿ _qØv {]knU‚mbn {]h¿Øn°pIbmbncp∂ A\n¬Ipamdns\, s\øm‰n≥Icacnb]pcØp h®v am¿IvknÃpIm¿ kwLw

tN¿∂p B{Ian®p. cm{XnbnemWv kw`hw \S∂Xv. IgpØnepwXebnepw sht´‰ At±lsØ Bip]{Xnbn¬ FØns®¶nepwc£n°m\mbn√.

A≠√q¿ kt¥mjvIpam¿ | IÆq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2017 P\phcn 18.

cm{„ob kzbwtkhI kwLØns‚ A≠√q¿imJ ap≥ apJyin£Ipw, _nsP]nbpsSA≠√q¿ _qØv IΩ‰n {]knU‚pw Bbncp∂ptNma‚hnS FgpØm≥ kt¥mjvIpam¿. 2015-¬\S∂ ]©mbØv Xncs™Sp∏n¬ _nsP]n

ÿm\m¿∞nbmbncp∂p. AºØntbgmaXv kwÿm\ kvIqƒbphPt\m¬khw IÆqcn¬ \S°p∂Xn\nSbnemWv kt¥mjvIpamdns\ B{Ian°s∏´Xv . [¿ΩSØn\p ASpØvA≠√qcnep≈ hoń¬ InS∂pdßpIbmbncp∂ kt¥mjns\,A¿≤cm{Xnbn¬ 11.30 aWntbmsS hń¬ AXn{Ian®p IbdnbIΩyqWnÃpIm¿ shńs°m√pIbmbncp∂p. `mcybpw a°fpw`mcyhoń¬ t]mb X°ØnemWv IΩyqWnÃpIm¿ B{Ian®Xv.]pdØpw ssIImepIfnepw amcIambn sht´‰ kt¥mjv,Bip]{Xnbnte°p sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\nsS acWaS™p.c‡w hm¿∂pt]mbmWv acWw kw`hn®Xv. apJya{¥n ]nWdmbnhnPbs‚ aWvVeØnemWv sIme]mXIw \S∂ A≠√q¿. Bdpkn]nFw {]h¿ØIsc t]meokv AdÃv sNbvXp.

kt¥mjvIpamdns\ sIme]mXIw tIcfØn¬ am{Xa√, tZiobXeØnepw H®∏mSpIƒ kr„n®p. am¿IvknÃv ]m¿ńbpsS sIme



]mXI cm{„obw tZiob hm¿Ømam≤yaßfn¬ kPohN¿®bmbn. am¿IvknÃv {IqcXs°Xnsc a\pjy a\-kvkm£nsbDW¿Øm \mbn tIcfØn¬ IhnXm Imºbn\pIƒ \S∂p."RßfpsS IÆocn¬ \nßƒ°p kt¥mjtam" F∂ t]cn¬am¿IvknÃv {IqcXsb tNmZywsNøp∂, kt¥mjvIpamdns‚aIƒ hnkvab bpsS hoUntbm kaqlam≤yaßfnepw tZiobNm\epIfnepw N¿®bmbn. kwLØnt\bpw _nsP]ntbbpw]n¥pW®Xp sIm≠pam{Xw A—s\ sIm√pIbmbncps∂∂pw,`mhnsb∏‰n Bi¶bps≠∂pw ]d™psIm≠mWv hoUntbmAhkm\n °p∂Xv.

s]mdmS≥hoń¬ \n¿a¬ | Xriq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2017 s^{_phcn 12.

_nsP]nbpsS kPoh {]h¿ØI≥. _nFhnZym¿∞n. Xriq¿ ap°m´pIcbnse tImIpfßc t£t{Xm¬khØn\p CSbn¬, A¿≤cm{Xn ]{¥≠ctbmsS, IΩyqWnÃv A{IanIƒIpØns°mes∏SpØn. s\©n\pw ]pdØpta‰

IpØmbncp∂p acWImcWw. A{IaØn\p ]n∂n¬ IrXyambBkq{XWap≠mbncp∂p. as‰mcp _nsP]n {]h¿ØI≥ Nndb≥I≠Øv tXmakv F∂ anYp\v KpcpXcambn ]cnt°‰p. sIm√s∏Sptºmƒ \n¿aen\p shdpw Ccp]Xv hb mbncp∂p {]mbw.

sXßphnfhoń¬ F. cho{μ\mYv | sIm√wsIm√s∏´Xv:2017 s^{_phcn 18.

dn´tb¿Uv FkvsF. _nsP]nbpsS ISbv°¬]©mbØv IΩ‰n {]knU‚ v. s^{_phcnc≠n\p cm{Xnbn¬, ISbv°¬ B¬Ødaq°n¬_nsP]n {]h¿ØI¿°p t\sc B{IaWw

D≠mbXdn™v AhnsSsbØn {]h¿ØIsc kμ¿in®v

aSßpIbmbncp∂p cho{μ\mYv. hgnas≤y IΩyqWnÃv A{IanIƒ, ss_°v XS™p \n¿Øn Xebv°Sn®v KpcpXcambn ]cnt°¬∏n®p. cho{μ\mYns\ DS≥ ISbv°¬ Bip]{Xnbnte°pw,XpS¿∂p Xncph\¥]pcw saUn°¬ tImtfPnte°pw am‰n.]Xn\©v Znhkw sh‚nte‰dn¬ Igns™¶nepw s^{_phcn 18-˛\p _enZm\nbmbn. am¿IvknÃv B{IaWßƒ°pIp{]kn≤amb ÿeamWv sIm√w Pn√bnse ISbv°¬.

kpPnXv | ]me°mSvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2017 P\phcn 1.

sIm√t¶mSv Feht©cn hnt√Pnse _nsP]n{]h¿ØI≥. \n¿≤\ IpSpw_mwKw. _ncpZhnZym¿∞nbmbncp∂p. P\phcn H∂n\p ]pe¿s®,sIm´bwImSv F∂ ÿeØv h®v kpPnØns\

IΩyqWnÃv- A{IanIƒ IpØns°mes∏SpØn. s\©nembncp∂pIpØpIƒ G‰Xv. kplrØmb AJnent\bpw A{IanIƒXpSbnepw CSp∏nepw IpØn∏cnt°¬∏n®p.

Nqc°mSv _nPp | IÆq¿sIm√s∏´Xv: 2017 sabv 12.

B¿FkvFkv ]ø∂q¿, I°ºd afieØns‚ImcyhmlIv Nqc°mSv _nPphn(34)s\ sImes∏SpØpIsb∂ Dt±iytØmsS Ct∂mhImdn¬h∂ IayqWnÃv A{IaImcnIƒ ]met°mSv

]meØn¬h®v ]I¬ 4 aWn°v \njvTqcamb coXnbn¬ IgpØn\pshńs°mes∏SpØpIbmbncp∂p. kplrØns\m∏w ss_°n¬bm{X sNbvX _nPphns\ ImdpsIm≠nSn®p hogvØnbtijambncp∂p sIme]mXIw. A{IaØn\p ]n∂n¬ IrXyambBkq{XWap≠mbncp∂p.

hnaemtZhn, cm[mIrjvW≥ |]me°mSvsIm√s∏´Xv: 2017 P\p 16, 6.

]me°mSv I©nt°mSv taJebnse {]apJ _nsP]n {]h¿ØI¿. I©nt°mSvap≥ ]©mbØwKamb IÆs‚ `mcybmWv hnaemtZhn. cm[mIrjvW≥ ktlmZc\pw. hnaemtZhn alnfmtam¿®bpsS

kPoh{]h¿ØI IqSnbm bncp∂p. 2016-se \nbak`mXncs™Sp∏n¬ I©n t°mSv taJebn¬ _nsP]n anI®{]IS\w ImgvNh®ncp∂p. AXns\ØpS¿∂p _nsP]n{]h¿ØI¿s°Xnsc am¿ IvknÃpImcpsS A{IaßƒIqSpXembn. {]tZisØ _nsP]n bpsS {]apJ {]h¿ØI\mbncp∂ IÆs\Xnsc h[òjWn \nehnep≠mbncp∂p.

Unkw_¿ 28 -˛\p AXncmhnse, ho´pImsc√mwKmV\n{Zbnembncns°, am¿IvknÃv B{IanIƒ IÆs‚hoSn\pw hkvXphIIƒ°pw Xoh®p. Kymkv knen≠dnte°pXo ]S¿∂tXmsS A\nb{¥nXamb Xobn¬\n∂p, cm[mIrjvWs‚ aIsf c£s∏SpØp∂Xn\p CSbn¬ hnae°pKpcpXcambn s]m≈te‰p. 80 iXam\w s]m≈te‰ hnaetZhntbbpw, 70 iXam\w s]m≈te‰ cm[mIrjvWt\bpwXriqcnse Pq_nen anj≥ saUn°¬ tImtfPv {]thin∏n®p.

hnaesb ]n∂oSp tImbºØqcnseBip]{Xnbnte°p am‰n. F¶nepwCcphtcbpw c£n°m\mbn√. cm[mIrjvW≥ P\phcn 6-\pw hnaemtZhnP\phcn 16-˛\pw acWaS™p. KpcpXcambn ]cnt°‰ IÆ\p Zo¿LImewBip]{Xnbn¬ Igntb≠nh∂p.

tIcfØnse cm{„obsIme]mXIßfn¬, {IqcXbpsS ]pXnsbmcp A≤ymbamWv I©nt°mSvIq´s°me hgn IΩyqWn v‰pIm¿ Iqńt®¿ØXv. im¥ambnDdßpI bmbncp∂ Hcp IpSpw_sØbmsI Xoh®psImes∏SpØp Isb∂ DZyaw, am\pjnIXzw Xo¿Øpw\in® Hcp cm{„ob {]Xybimkv{XØns‚ h‡m°ƒ°pam{Xta sNøm\mIq. 1982˛¬ Xr»q¿ XoctZitaJebn¬IΩyqWnkvdv A{IanIƒ _n sP ]n {]h¿ØIcmbncp∂pcmPs\bpw kp{_lvaWy s\bpw Poht\msS s]t{Smƒ Hgn®vIØn®p sImes∏Sp ØnbXn\p kam\ambncp∂pI©nt°mSv kw`hw. ]d»n\n °Shv kvt\°v]m¿°n\pXosImSpØXv bmZr›nIas√∂p sXfnbn®v, IÆs‚hońse ]ipsØmgpØn\phsc A{IanIƒXoh®ncp∂p.I©nt°mSv kw`hØn¬ tIcf saßpw{]Xntj[apb¿∂p.



Dtým]y°p th≠nbp≈am¿IvknÃv òIcXIÆq¿ Pn√bnse ]nWdmbn {KmaØnte°p Ipd®p

\mƒ apºv \SØnb kμ¿i\Øn¬, lrZbt`ZIamb

ImgvNIƒ°p F\n°p km£nbmtI≠n h∂p. IpńIsf

t]mepw B{Ian°p IayqWnÃv Kp≠IfpsS Agn™m´w

aqew, P\ßƒ `b∏mSnemWv AhnsS Ignbp∂Xv.

¢m papdnbn¬h®v PbIrjvW≥ amÃsd shńs°m

es∏SpØp∂Xv t\cn¬I≠ hnZym¿∞nIƒ apX¬, 2016 -

se \nbak`m Xncs™Sp∏v hnPbmtLmjØn\nsS

IayqWnÃpIm¿ \SØnb a¿±\Øn¬ IsømSn™

Im¿ØnIv hscbp≈ Xeapd, Nph∏≥ òIcXbpsS

sISpXnIƒ A\p`hn°phcmWv. cm{„ob FXncmfnIsf

D∏pNm°v klnXw Poht\msS Ipgn®paqSp∂ '_wKmƒ

tamU¬' I≠p]Tn°m≥ kz¥w ]m¿ń°msc D]tZin

°p∂ Hcp hy‡n kwÿm\w `cn°ptºmƒ, ssZhØn

s‚ kz¥w \mSns\ c£n°m≥ ssZhØn\p am{Xta

Ignbq. tIcfØnse P\ßƒ°p ]nWdmbn hnPb≥

Khs◊‚n¬ \n∂p \oXnbpw kam[m\hpw e`n°psa∂p

{]Xo£n°p∂Xv I≈\p Xmt°m¬ sImSp°pXn\p

kaamWv.

1957 apX¬ tIcfØn¬ kzm[o\ap≈ cm{„ob

]m¿ńbmWv kn]nsFFw. thm´¿amsc `bs∏SpØn

hcpXn°p \n¿Øm≥ Ah¿ sIme]mXI cm{„obhpw,

am¿IvknÃv mknkhpw ka¿∞ambn D]tbmKn°p∂p.

\nch[n _nsP]n-˛Bsds v {]h¿ØIsc IayqWn

ÃpIm¿ sIms∂mSp°nbn´p≠v {]tXyIn®pw hS°≥

tIcfØn¬.

`cWIqSØns‚ ]n¥pWtbmsSbp≈ sIme]mXI

cm{„obw tIcfØn¬ am{Xw HXpßn \n¬°p∂X√.

]›na_wKmfn¬ kn]nsFFw `cWØntednb 1977

apX¬ 1996 hsc, 28000 cm{„ob sIme]mXIßƒ

\S∂n´ps≠∂p, 1997-¬ \nbak`bnse Hcp tNmZyØn\p

DØcambn _p≤tZ_v ´mNmcy ]d™ncp∂p. 1997-˛\pw

2009- \pw CSbn¬ cm{„ob sIme]mXIßƒ 27408 Bbn.

IΩyqWnÃv `cWIqSw BsI 55408 t]sc sImes∏Sp

Ønsb∂p kmcw. Hcp h¿jw BhtcPv 1787 sIme]mX

Ißƒ. Hcp amkw 149; Hcp Znhkw 5. Npcp°n∏d™m¬,

Hmtcm 4:50 aWn°qdnepw Hcmsf¶nepw cm{„ob ImcW

ßfm¬ _wKmfn¬ sIm√s∏´p!

IΩyqWnÃv ]m¿ńbpsS ap≥ temIvk` Fw]nbmb

F.]n A–p≈°pń, A°meØv kn]nFw kwÿm\

sk{I´dn Bbncp∂ ]nWdmbn hnPb≥, IayqWnÃv

]m¿ń t\Xm°ƒ°p \¬Inb Hcp \n¿t±isØ∏‰n

]d™n´p≠v. cm{„ob FXncmfnIsf tNmcsbmgp°msX

\ni–ambn sImes∏SpØp∂ '_wKmƒ tamU¬'

kzoIcn°m\mbncp∂p ]nWdmbnbpsS D]tZiw. 2008

am¿®v 5-˛\p IÆqcn¬, Agot°mS≥ kvamcIamb ]m¿ń

Hmôkn¬h®p \S∂ ao‰nßn\nSbnemWv ]nWdmbn

C°mcyw ]d™sXp A–p≈°pń FgpXp∂p. A{Iaw

\ne\n∂ncp∂ IÆqcn¬ kam[m\w ]p\xÿm]n°m≥

Pn√m IfŒ¿ hnfn®p tN¿Ø ao‰nßn¬ ]s¶Sp°p

∂Xn\p apºmbncp∂p ]nWdmbnbpsS ]cma¿iw.

'(sIme \SØp∂ ImcyØn¬) \mw _wKmfnIsf I≠p

]Tn°Ww. HcpXp≈n tNmc t]mepw hogvØmsXbmWv

Ah¿ Imcyw \SØp∂Xv. FXn¿]m¿ń°msc

Xńs°m≠p t]mbn, Bgap≈ IpgnIfn¬ Hcp Nm°v

D∏v klnXw Poht\msS Xs∂ Ipgn®nSpw. CcbpsS

c‡w hogns√∂p am{Xa√, Cc BcmsWp t]mepw

B¿°pw Adnbm\mIn√. ]pdwtemIØv hm¿Øbpw

hcn√'. C{XbpamWv ]nWdmbn hnPbs\ D≤cn®p

sIm≠v A–p≈°pń am[yaßtfmSp ]d™Xv.

kn]nsFFw Fw]namcmb ]n.IcpWmIc≥, ]n.kXo

tZhn, IÆqcn¬ \n∂p≈ kn]nsFFw FwF¬Fam¿

XpSßnbhcpw Cu ao‰nßn¬ k∂nlnXcmbncps∂∂v

A–p≈°pń ]dbp∂p.

CXc {]Xybimkv{XßtfmSp IayqWnÃpIm¿

]pe¿Øp∂ AklnjvWpXbpsS Bgw icn°pw Adn

bWsa¶n¬, C¥y≥ IayqWnktØmsSm∏w BtKmf

IayqWnktØbpw a\ nemt°≠Xp≠v.. CSXp]£

òIcXbpsS DdhnSw ]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠nepw,

Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy]mZØnepw \ne\n∂ncp∂

cm{„ob AcmPIXzØnemWv. ioXbp≤°meØv CXv

IqSpX¬ i‡n{]m]n®p. B[p\nI ImesØ CSXp]£

òIcX 1968- se cm{„ob A\n›nXXzØn¬ XpSßp∂p.

]Sn™md≥ bqtdm∏nse CØcØnep≈ CSXp]£

òIc{Kq∏pIfmbncp∂p shÃv P¿Ω≥ sdUv B¿an

^m£≥ (RAF), C‰menb≥ sdUv {_ntKUvkv, {^©v

ao\m£n teJn temIv-k`m AwKw, _n sP ]n tZiob hIv-Xmhv-.



B£≥ UbdsŒ (AD), s_¬Pnb≥ IayqWnÃv

tImºm‰‚ v sk¬kv (CCC)., F∂nh. tPmk v Ãmen≥

ln‰vesd t]mse Xs∂ {Iqc\pw, apt mfn\ntb°mƒ

tamihpambncp∂p. kz¥w cmPyØnse e£°W°n\p

P\ßsf Ãmen≥ sIms∂mSp°n. ssN\bnse

IayqWnÃv cWm[nImcnbmbncp∂ amthm-sk-Xqßns‚

GIm[n]Xy `cWImeØpw e£°W°n\p ssN\

°m¿ sIm√s∏´p. 1966-˛76 ImeL´Øn¬ amthmbpsS

t\XrXzØn¬ \S∂ kmwkvImcnI hnπhØn¬ \nc

h[n {KŸßƒ IØn°pIbpw, bqWnthgvkn‰nIƒ AS

®nSpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.

C¥ybnse IayqWnÃv t\XrXzw {]Xybimkv{X

]cambpw {]h¿Ø\]cambpw clkykz`mhtØmsS

hf¿∂p h∂hc√. h\m¥cßfn¬ XºSn®p≈ ITn\

{]h¿Ø\ ]mcºcyw Ah¿°n√. bpsIbnse

HmIvkvt^m¿Uv, tIw{_nUvPv k¿ΔIemimebn¬ \n∂p

hnZym`ymkw e`n®n´p≈, hntijm[nImcap≈ D]cnh¿

§°mcmbncp∂p IayqWnÃv t\Xm°∑mcn¬ ]ecpw.

{_nójv ]WvVnXcn¬\n∂v ]cnioe\w e`n®tijw,

ASnbpd® IayqWnÃpImcmbn Ah¿ C¥ybn¬ Xncns®

Øn. IayqWnÃpImsc∂p Adnbs∏´ Ch¿, tImtfmWn

b¬ ImesØ {_nójv AP≥U ]q¿Wambpw Dƒs°m

≠hcmbncp∂p. sImtfmWnb¬ `cWsØ \nbam\p

krXam°m≥ se^v‰v en_denkw ka¿∞amb Sqƒ

Bbncp∂p. C¥y°mcn¬\n∂v AhcpsS {]uVamb

]ucmWnI ]mcºcysØ Ipdn®p≈ hkvXpXIƒ

ad®phbv°m≥ se^v‰v en_denkØn\p Ign™p.

1947-˛se C¥ym hn`P\tØbpw, 1962-˛se bp≤Øn¬

ssN\tbbpw IayqWnÃpIm¿ ]n¥pW®p. 1998- ¬ C¥y

\SØnb AWpt_mw_v ]co£WsØ FXn¿sØ

¶nepw, 1964 -˛¬ ssN\ \SØnb AWpt_mw_v

]co£WsØ Ah¿ kzmKXw sNbvXncp∂p. C¥y≥

kzmX{¥y kacØnse kap÷ze hy‡nXzamb

t\XmPn kp`mjv N{μt_mkns\ (P∏m≥ Cºocnb¬

B¿an P\dembncp∂) 'tSmtPmbpsS \mb' F∂p

hntijn∏n°pIbpw, Im¿´qWn¬ t\XmPnbpsS

apJØn\p ]Icw IgpXbpsS apJw hc®v At±lsØ

A]am\n°pIbpw sNbvXp.

C¥ybpsS B`y¥c kpc£°p G‰hpw henb

òjWnbmbn XpScp∂Xv CSXp]£ òIcXbmWv.

OØokvKUv, Pm¿Jfiv, Hdo F∂o kwÿm\ßfn¬

cq£ambpw, _wKmƒ˛_olm¿˛almcm{„ kwÿm\

ßfn¬ KWyamb Afhnepw CSXpòIcX \ne\n¬ °p∂p.

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#LeftistTerror against Kerala’s Nationalists

Martyrs

Panthakkal Pavithran - 1978

V. Ramakrishnan - 1969

Vishal Kumar - 2012

Dharmajan and his wife Yashoda - 1982

Panunda Chandran - 1978

Veliyathinadu Chandrasekaran - 1970

Martyrs

Panthakkal Pavithran - 1978

V. Ramakrishnan - 1969

Vishal Kumar - 2012



Veliyathinadu Chandrasekaran - 1970



Veliyathinadu Chandrasekaran - 1970Suresh Babu - 2008

Sachin Gopal - 2012

V.A.Gangadharan - 1981

Subramanian - 1965

Sathyan - 2008

Inconsolable family of Manoj

Neighbours crying at the sight of Sujith’s

lifeless body

Sri.Amit Shah paying tributes to Balidanis

Sri.Rajnath Singh

paying tributes to

Balidanis

Tributes

Inconsolable family of Suresh

Sri. Kummanam Rajashekharan paying tribute to Ramachandran

Inconsolable family of Ramachandran

Inconsolable family of Manoj

Neighbours crying at the sight of Sujith’s

lifeless body

Sri.Amit Shah paying tributes to Balidanis

Sri.Rajnath Singh

paying tributes to

Balidanis

Tributes




Tributes to Parumala victims



Appalled family of Vadikkal Ramakrishnan


Inconsolable family of Vinod

Inconsolable family of Ramith

Inconsolable family of Vishal

Final tribute to Vishal

Prayer at funeral of Vasavan - 1983

Sri. K.Surendran paying tribute to Santhosh

Sri.V. Muralidharan and Sri. K. Surendran paying tribute to Vinod Kumar

Tributes

Natives paying tributes to Vinod Kumar

Final tribute to Vishal

Prayer at funeral of Vasavan - 1983

Sri. K.Surendran paying tribute to Santhosh

Sri.V. Muralidharan and Sri. K. Surendran paying tribute to Vinod Kumar

Tributes


Inconsolable kin of Vishwambaran - 1982

Final tribute to Vishwanathan-1982


Inconsolable family of Vinod

Leaders offering Solace

Major General B.C.Khanduri offering solace to the family of

balidani Balan

Sri. Yadav Rao Joshiji visiting the house of Balidani

Vijayan in 1980

RajmataVijayaraje Scindiaji visiting the house of Nanu Master

Smt. Meenakshi Lekhi with the victims of Leftist Terror in Kannur

Sri.Anant Kumar

with the victims

of Leftist Terror in

Kerala


Major General B.C.Khanduri offering solace to the family of

balidani Balan

Sri. Yadav Rao Joshiji visiting the house of Balidani

Vijayan in 1980



Sri.Anant Kumar

with the victims

of Leftist Terror in

Kerala




RajmataVijayaraje Scindiaji offering solace to the family of Nanu Master

Sri. H. V. Sheshadriji visiting the house of Chandran

Sri.L.K.Advani visiting the house of Anil Kumar

Sri. Yadav Rao Joshiji with the family members of Balidani

Haridasan

Sri.Kummanam Rajasekharan offering solace to the family of Vineesh

Sri.Kummanam Rajasekharan offering solace to the mother of Pramod

Sri.O.Rajagopal visiting the house of Balidani Balakrishnan in 1979

L.K.Advaniji visiting the house of Bimbi


Sri. K.G.Marar

with the victim of

Leftist Terror

Sri.Kummanam Rajasekharan offering solace to the family of Vineesh


Sri.O.Rajagopal visiting the house of Balidani Balakrishnan in 1979



Sri. K.G.Marar

with the victim of

Leftist Terror


Sri.Kummanam Rajasekharan offering solace to the family of Nirmal


Sri.Rajnath Singh visiting the families in Kannur

Sri.Ravi Shankar Prasad with the victims of Leftist Terror in Kerala

Protests across India against Communist Violence in Kerala

Protest in Delhi

Protest in Kerala against Communist violence-1989

Candle Light Demonstration in Bengaluru against Communist violence-2016

Seminar at Delhi on International Human Rights day

Protest in Bengaluru -2014


Protest in Delhi

Protest in Kerala against Communist violence-1989



Protest in Bengaluru -2014



Protest in Bengaluru -2014 Protest in Delhi against Communist violence-2008

At parliament compound

Protest in Delhi against Communist Violence - 2016

Mumbai

Protest in Bengaluru against Communist violence-2016

Protest in Kerala against Murikkumpuzha massacre-1989


Bhuj - Gujarat

Kalyan - Maharashtra

Shivamogga

Protest in Delhi on International human rights day

Dibrugarh - Assam

Mysuru - Karnataka


Bhuj - Gujarat

Kalyan - Maharashtra

Shivamogga

Protest in Delhi on International human rights day

Dibrugarh - Assam

Mysuru - Karnataka

Dibrugarh - Assam

Mysuru - Karnataka

Nagaon - Assam

Himachal Pradesh

Panvel - Maharashtra

Indore - Madhyapradesh

Bengaluru

Bengaluru

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D]kwlmcw

Sanju SadanandanA passionate social activist, Sanju has nation building as resolute commitment. Software engineer by profession, Sanju currently works as Cyber Security Engineer.His earlier job profiles include Industrial Control System Engineer in India, apart from being designated in other international assignments.Sanju has volunteered and associated himself with various social service orgs and platforms such as VSK, ISN,AIMA,HK, Samarpanam and Lions Club. His team manages and guides social media activities of prominent leaders. He was one of the coordinators of ‘Sambhara Samvadam’ campaign. Sanju’s area of interests lie in political analysis, youth empowerment, social media activism

and learning cyber defense techniques. Native of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, Sanju is currently based in Bengaluru.

Dr. Rasita AnandRasita is passionate about nation building & working for rights of women using traditional & new media. She holds a Ph.D in International Studies from the Central University of Gujarat. Her thesis is on Cyber Security Policy in India. She holds a Bachelor’s in English Literature, Master’s in International Business, a Master’s Diploma in Governance & a Master of Philosophy in International Relations. She has worked as a Project Manager with the Child census for Sarva Siksha Abhiyan in the states of Gujarat and Chhattisgarh. In her earlier job profiles, she worked as a supply chain domain consultant in India and in Singapore. Presently,she heads the Media & Policy initiatives of Synergy Marine Group. She

volunteers for social causes and works with organizations like CKSPS, Disha and KSS. Currently, she resides with her family in Washington DC.

Binu PadmamBusiness Administrator by profession, Binu Padmam is Senior Business Analyist in a leading MNC in Bangalore. A staunch nationalist, he has immersed himself in socio-cultural activities from time immemorial. Binu shoulders responsibilities in various organizations like Nehru Yuva Kendra, Viswa Samvada Kendra, All India Malayali Association, Lions Club, Seva Bharati etc. An active participant of nationalist platforms like ISK, VSK, CKSPS and ISN, Binu has participated in election campaign programmes like Chaay Pe Charcha and Sambara Samvadham.A native of Kozhikode, Binu is a prolific blogger and eloquent orator.

Jayashankar SJayashankar has closely been working with senior leaders of BJP on strategy- with key focus on policy and competition. With deep rooted passion in political studies, Jay writes on contemporary issues in some of the most prominent websites.He has been in the forefront in bringing Marxist atrocities of Kerala, onto national mainstream.He has also been working specifically on BJP’s third party campaigns for 2014 LS elections and 2016 Kerala State Assembly elections.He was also the president of Lion’s Club of Bengaluru Horizon during 2015- 2016. Having secured Masters in Business Administration from Mahatma Gandhi University and Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism from Bhavan’s

Rajendra Prasad Institute of Communication, Mumbai, Jay took up managerial roles for global advanced analytics teams in companies like Symphony Services Corp and Genpact for over a decade, before relocating to his native village in Thiruvalla, Kerala.

Jinoy KJBeing a humanitarian has been a way of life for Jinoy, born into a family steeped into addressing social causes. And so it was natural for him to start ventures regarding the same, being founder trustee of two reputed platforms Samarpanam Trust and Vivekandanda Seva Samithi. Nation building being a mantra, he is skilled in forging an ever lasting relationship with various service groups and orgs. Jinoy is an Electronics & Communication Engineer by profession, currently working as senior software engineer in Bangalore. Passionate about instrumental music and farming, Jinoy is member of social service organizations and platforms like NYK, CKSPS, ISK, Lions Club and HK.During elections of 2014 and 2016, he worked for the

successful implementation of Chaay pe Charcha and Sambara Samvadham. Jinoy hails from Thrissur district and currently resides in Bengaluru.

Sunilkumar TPA skilled designer by profession, Sunilkumar is an occasional columnist in Malayalam print media. A social media enthusiast, he is known for sharp debating skills on various platforms. Sunil is deeply committed on the nationalistic front and has been associated with various socio-cultural organizations like Samanvaya, Balagokulam, Tapasaya and Kerala Samajam (Bengaluru). His linguistic skills have paved the way for the penning of numerous poems steeped in various essence. Sunil is a native of South Kerala.

Centre for Kerala Socio-economic and Political Studies (CKSPS) is a non-Profit organization dedicated to study the political impact on socioeconomic development in Kerala. The objective of the centre is to analyze and publish periodic research outcomes, putting it forth to the general public, highlighting the socio economic indices. Kerala is famous for its lush greenery, Ayurveda - traditional Hindu system of medicine, Kalari -the indigenous martial arts and the land’s cultural diversity. At the same time Kerala is infamous for anti–industry strikes and political violence. The centre aims at studying the impact of bandhs, political violence on society and the work pattern of common man in Kerala, by conducting various studies & projects. The mission of the centre is to present empirical knowledge based on data to encourage policy decisions. The centre will also work to unite scholars, intellectuals and political observers to evaluate and investigate institutions, political processes & policies, and individuals for understanding the spectrum of political outcomes on social development. The Center will organize workshops, seminars and similar discourse periodically to inform general public about the research findings.

Our Team

About CKSPS

saanjus

rasita

jaypanicker

bnutwt

jinoykjj

sunilkumar_tp

Ratheesh KKA zealous nationalist, Ratheesh is an avid social media activist and has forged ahead dauntlessly in spearheading his ideology. He is part of various teams and groups which has been working towards ushering in the era that aims in steering the nation to pinnacles of glory. He is closely associated with various platforms steeped in nationalistic outlook- ISK, NYK etc. Armed with sharp, witty linguistic skills, Ratheesh has proved his mettle on various social media platforms. Hailing from North Kerala, he is a skilled graphics designer. A senior sales manager, his undying love for music has led him to becoming a multifacted percussionist, dexterously handling a medley of tabala, chenda and thimila.

kkrkottakkal

Centre for Kerala Socio-economic and Political StudiesC/o. Samarpanam Trust (Reg. No. IV-244/12-13), No. 808, M.S. Nagar Post, Bengaluru - 560033.

P : +91 80 25315842 | E-mail : [email protected] |

For internal circulation only

Cover Photo: Crying Shivakha, victim of Leftist terror in Kannur, whose home was vandalised by Leftist goons, following state Assembly election result announcement.

Cover Picture Courtesy: Arun Mohan, Kerala Kaumudi

/cksps /CK_SPS

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aahuthi blpxn180.179.170.84/images/pdf/aahuti-malayalam.pdf · 2017-06-29 · aahuthi the untold...

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