a world in flames
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A WORLD IN FLAMES. 1931-1941. WORLD WAR II. Major Players. TEAM 1. The Axis Powers. Benito Mussolini. Italy. One of Europe ’ s first major dictatorships in the modern era arose in Italy After Benito Mussolini returned from WWI, he felt that Italy needed a strong leader - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A WORLD IN FLAMESA WORLD IN FLAMES
1931-19411931-1941
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WORLD WAR II
Major Players
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TEAM 1TEAM 1
The Axis PowersThe Axis Powers
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Benito Mussolini
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Italy» One of Europe’s first major
dictatorships in the modern era arose in Italy
» After Benito Mussolini returned from WWI, he felt that Italy needed a strong leader
» In 1919, Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party
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Fascism
» Fascism believed that the nation was more important than the individual
» During World War II, Italy, Germany, and Japan all were ruled by fascist governments that received absolute power
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Adolf Hitler
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Germany
» Hitler fought for Germany in World War I
» In 1919, he joined the German Worker’s Party, which was later renamed the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZIs)
» In 1921, Hitler became the leader of the Nazi party
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Mein Kampf» While in prison after trying to seize power
in Germany, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)» This book called for a unification of all
Germans under one government» Believed that all blond hair, blue-eyed
Germans belonged to the “master race” called Aryans
» Also said that Germans needed more lebensraum (living space)
» His racist views were strong towards Jewish people
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Der Fuhrer» In January 1933, the Nazi Party was the
largest group in the Reichstag (German parliament), and Hitler was named chancellor
» An act of parliament suspended civil liberties and gave him dictatorial powers in the new government, known as the Third Reich
» He was now Der Fuhrer (“the leader”)
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Germany
» Treaty of Versailles effectively disarmed Germany
» One of Hitler’s goal was to restore German power in Europe
» In 1935, Hitler began to rearm Germany
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Treaty of Versailles
» Let’s look at the Treaty of Versailles cartoon
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The Rhineland» For many years the Rhineland area had
been a key industrial region of Germany, producing coal, steel and iron resources
» One of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles was that the Germans would not be able to keep military forces in a 50km stretch of the Rhineland
» However, in 1936, German troops occupied the Rhineland
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The Rhineland
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Japan
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Japan» During the 1920s, Japan had very
difficult economic times» Many Japanese military officers
believed that Japan was destined to dominate East Asia
» Japan was every bit as eager as Germany and Italy to establish itself as a world power in the 1930s
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Japan
» Military leaders who dominated the government resented their dependence on the United States and other nations for such necessary resources as iron, coal, and petroleum
» In 1931, the Japanese army invaded Manchuria in northern China, a region rich in minerals
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Japan
» The invasion into Manchuria was a direct violation of the Kellogg-Briand Treaty» An agreement to abandon war and
settle all disputes peacefully
» The League of Nations did nothing about the Japanese invasion
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Japan
» After Japan invaded China, the US stopped selling oil and other resources to them
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USSR
The USSR was not officially a part of the Axis powers or the Allied powers
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Joseph Stalin
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USSR» Vladimir Lenin, leader of the
Bolshevik party, established a Communist government in Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917
» Russia became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
» Joseph Stalin became the new Soviet dictator after Lenin’s death
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USSR
» The USSR signed a nonaggression pact with Germany in 1939 after the war had officially begun
» Germany invaded the USSR, therefore, Russia later fought with the Allies to help defeat Germany
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TEAM 2TEAM 2
The Allied PowersThe Allied Powers
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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United States
» FDR was the President from 1933 to 1945» The US had returned to the idea of
isolationism following World War I» Isolationism- Opposed getting involved in
overseas affairs
» Worried that German and Italian aggression might lead to war in Europe, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935
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United States
» The situation in Europe was getting worse, therefore Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1937» This act continued to ban selling arms
to nations at war
» FDR supported internationalism.» The idea that trade between nations
creates prosperity and helps to prevent war
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United States
» Roosevelt decided to help China after Japan invaded Manchuria
» He said that since neither Japan nor China had officially declared war, then the Neutrality Act of 1937 did not apply, therefore he authorized the sale of weapons to China
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Winston Churchill
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Great Britain
» Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, attempted to appease Hitler in 1938
» Appeasement is the policy of concessions in exchange for peace
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Sudetenland
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Sudetenland» After World War I, the Sudetenland,
historically a part of Germany, became part of Czechoslovakia
» In an attempt to appease Hitler, Chamberlain gave the Sudetenland to Germany, in return for “peace”. This became known as the Munich agreement
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Great Britain» Chamberlains efforts did not work» Hitler violated the Munich agreement
when his troops occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia months later
» Why try so hard to appease Hitler?» Deep hatred for war in the west» In retrospect, the Treaty of Versailles
backed Germany into a corner
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Great Britain
» After Chamberlains death in 1940, the steadfast Winston Churchill became the new British prime minister
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France
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France
» Along with Great Britain, France attempted to appease Hitler
» France will declare war on Germany in 1939
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MAJOR PLAYERSAXIS POWERS• Italy• Germany • Japan
ALLIED POWERS• France• Great Britain • United States after
1941
REMBEMER: USSR signed a nonaggression pact with Germany but was not officially a part of the Axis powers
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REVIEW
» Why was Hitler interested in negotiating the nonaggression pact with the USSR before invading Poland?
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» Answer: Germany did not want to fight a war on its eastern and western fronts simultaneously