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A World CrisisChapter 8 Section 1

Page 230-237

A Wrong Turn into History

❧ On June 28, 1914, heir to the throne of Austria, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife visited the Bosnian city of Sarajevo

❧ A team of six assassins was waiting to kill him

❧ One assassin threw a bomb at his car, which bounced off and blew up another car, injuring 20 people

❧ On the way to the hospital, the Archduke’s driver took a wrong turn onto a dead end street

A Wrong Turn into History❧ While trying to turn the car

around another member of the assassin team, 19 year old Gavrilo Princip stepped out with a pistol and shot and killed the Archduke and his wife

❧ This assassination set off a chain of events that started the first World War

A Wrong Turn into History

War Breaks Out❧ Within 5 weeks of the

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, war had broken out across Europe

❧ The series of alliances between the European nations caused all-out war to begin

Europe chooses sides

Germany takes Belgium

❧ Germany made the first move in the war

❧ On Aug 4, 1914, German troops invaded the neutral country of Belgium

❧ This led Belgium’s ally Great Britain to declare war on Germany

❧ With GB’s entry, most of Europe had chosen sides

The Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan

Central Powers vs. Allied Powers

❧ Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

❧ Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, and Russia

❧ By the war’s end, thirty more nations would join in the “Great War”

A New Kind of War❧ In Belgium, French

soldiers marched side by side onto the battlefield

❧ With bayonets attached to their rifles, they charged towards the German line

❧ Their charge was met by German machine gun fire, which could shoot 600 rounds per minute

A New Kind of War❧ In early battles, 15,000

French soldiers died a day

❧ The Germans predicted this new technology would make it a short war, they were wrong!

❧ The war would last four years and would cost more than 9 million lives

First Battle of the Marne❧ The German army was moving

through France quickly❧ The French needed a victory, so

on Sep. 7, 1914, they attacked the Germans along the Marne river, east of Paris

❧ For five days, more than 2 million soldiers fought along a 125 mile long battlefront

First Battle of the Marne

❧ 250,000 soldiers died in this brutal battle

❧ France was finally able to push back the Germans

❧ This victory gave the Russian army more time to mobilize

❧ Germany was forced to pull troops out of France to fight the Russians on the Eastern front

Trench Warfare❧ More than 400 miles of

trenches were dug by both sides along the entire Western Front

❧ The soldiers lived in the trenches surrounded by machine gun fire, and grenade and artillery explosions

❧ These trenches led to a stalemate in the war

Trench Warfare

New Weapons❧ Germany was the first to

use poison gas canisters❧ Soldiers on both sides

carried gas masks to protect them from the poison

❧ British forces developed a motorized armored tank

❧ These tanks often got stuck in the mud of No Man’s Land

Airplanes❧ At first, planes were used

to map enemy positions❧ Later, machine guns were

attached to the planes❧ This led to spectacular air

battles called “Dogfights”❧ The most famous fighter

pilot was a German named Baron Manfred von Richthofen also known as the “Red Baron”

Identify Key People and Terms 8.1

Page 230-237❧ Gavrilo Princip❧ Kaiser Wilhelm II❧ Militarism❧ Schlieffen Plan❧ Central Powers❧ Allied Powers❧ First Battle of the Marne❧ Trench Warfare❧ Dogfights❧ Baron von Richthofen

❧ What empire ruled the Balkans for hundreds of years?

❧ What country did Germany attack first in WWI?

❧ How many rounds per minute could the German machine guns shoot?

❧ How many men fought in the First Battle of the Marne?

❧ How many Allied planes did the Red Baron shoot down?