A Vision ForDirected Energy and Electric Weapons

in the Current and Future Navy

Presented

By

David H Kiel, CAPT USN

ASNE DAYS

June 2007

7/2/2007fcm 2

Outline & Take Aways

• Why High Energy Lasers (HEL) & Electric Weapons

– The Electric Warship as a key enabler

• HEL vision

– Multi-mission & Spiral

• Near Term Capability

• Long Term Capabilities

• Summary

Take Away’s:•HEL is here today•Must earn its way on board a ship•Demands Spiral Development

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The Evolution

. . . 1890 Man-of-WarCannon

1904--WWII DreadnoughtGuns (large caliber)

50 Years

50 Years

DDX/CGX

Sails

Steam

Gas-Turbine

Integrated Power System

Flag

Wire

High Gain Dish

Multi-function array

NetworkedStealthyElectric

Weapons

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

50 Years

1950s--Today CombatantMissiles

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Gun Strategy

Two DimensionsMissiles & Guns

Three DimensionsMissiles, Guns &Electric Weapons

WWII

Dreadnaught

Battleship Aircraft Carrier

Age of the Battleship

Man-of-War

Today

TartarTalos

Terrier AEGIS

TomahawkStandard Missile

Age of the Missile Shooter

Age of the Electric Ship

ESSM & RAM

WWII

WWII Today

EM Launch

EM Gun

Low PowerLaser

High Power Laser

Guns

GunsMissiles

SurfaceWarfareDiversity

Futures

Surface Warfare Evolution

AEGIS

20XX

AEGIS

DDG-1000CG(X) Next Gen

Combatant

Chart Courtesy of Neil Baron

7/2/2007fcm 5

The Electric Ship

• Enabler for Directed Energy and ElectricWeapons

– ~ 50% of installed shipboard power (~ 40MW) usedfor the last 5 knots of a flank bell < 5% of the time

– Through power switching in electric ship this powercan be used elsewhere

• “Zumwalt”-class destroyer switching can make theexcess power available for other applications

• Prime power for directed energy and electric weaponsand sensors

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Laser Weapons

• Lasers destroy targets by– Heating surfaces and burning through skin and weakening

structural members– Creating low-order detonation

• Potential targets (near to long term)– Asymmetric threats (CRAM, counter-UAV, E-O sensors, small

boats)– Crossing ASCM– Self Defense ASCM

• Great depth-of-fire with speed of light delivery,moderate dwell time and deep magazines

• Augment, not replace conventional weapons– Not all weather– Have collateral damage just like Hard Kill weapons

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Surface Navy High Energy Laser (HEL) Vision

TIM

EMissions/Capabilities• Supersonic High-G ASMD (self defense)

• Transonic ASMD (self defense)

-----------------------------------------------------

• Asymmetric Threats (at longer range)

• Small Boats/Cessna/Jet Ski/CRAM

-----------------------------------------------------

• Crossing/Soft Target ASMD

• Counter-armed UAV

• Dazzler/Repel/Non-Lethal

• Non-Cooperative Target Recognition

(NCTR)/

• Visual ID (VID)/Laser Radar (LADR)

• Periscope Detection

• Counter Rocket Artillery Mortar (C-RAM)

• Optical Augmentation EO Detection

• Asymmetric Threats

• Laser Designator/Laser Range Finder

• IRCM/Counter Sensor

• MANPADS

• OTH Platform TAMD& Soft Target Strike

• Supersonic High-GASMD (self defense)

• Transonic ASMD(self defense)

• Ballistic MissileDefense Missions

• CRAM

• Asymmetric Threats

• Counter Armed UAV

• Crossing ASCM

(At ranges greaterthan systems inBlock 1)

• E-O Infra-Red CounterMeasures

• Optical Augmentation,EO Sensor Detection& Disruption

• Laser Designator &Range Finder

• LADAR (Laser Radar)

• Dazzler / Non Lethal

• Visual ID/Non-Cooperative TargetRecognition

• Counter RocketArtillery Mortar(CRAM)

• AsymmetricThreats

• Electro-OpticSensor Damage

• Counter MANPAD

FEL with integratedBeam Director >1m;Power > 1 MW

FEL BQ ~ 1.2; Power>100 kW; BeamDirector > 1m

Solid State Laser, BeamQuality ~ 2; Power >100 KW; AdaptiveOptics; IntegratedWeapon Sys

Block 1 Single Mode, LowBeam Quality Laser~100kW; + LaserJamming of Sensors

Unphased, SingleMode, Low BeamQuality Fiber Laser;~50 KW; ~50 cmBeam Director

BLOCK 4BLOCK 3BLOCK 2BLOCK 1ABLOCK 1

Surface Navy HEL/FEL Vision

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tem

7/2/2007fcm 9

Laser Weapon System (LaWS)

Shipboard Missions• Asymmetric Threats• Counter EO/IR• Manpads• UAVs

Land Missions• Defend APOD, SPOD,

High Value shore targetsin CRAM Mission

Objectives

COTS Laser +

Compilerequirements forland & shipboardsystems to meetobjectives

Demonstrateinitial capability

using existingsystems

Objective is near-termtransition to warfighter

HQDA ValidatedOIF Operational

Needs Statements(ONS)

HQDA ValidatedOIF Operational

Needs Statements(ONS)

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AFRL, Sandia, Raytheon Demonstration:Destroying Mortars in June 2006

• June 2006 demonstration todestroy mortars by focusing andholding a laser beam on themortar

• Validates lethality model andengagement simulation

• Provides near term path todeployable HEL Weapon System

Laserwith beam directoron Phalanx mount

Sandia NationalLab Terminal

Ballistic FacilityRevetment

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DEUSE Demonstration

• Demonstration of static closeengagement– NSWC Crane test site

• Navy high power fiber laserlaser– 10kW commercial fiber laser

– PSU EOC optics and operation

• Gather information to evaluateHPFL performance at range

• Successful demonstration oftarget damage– EO systems

– Small watercraft

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Navy Mission Working Group

Laser Weapon System (LaWS)

FY07 FY08

2Q 2Q1Q4Q3Q

Target Evaluation Phase 1

Lethality Validation Phase 2

Core Systems AoA

NSWC/NRL/EOC Optical Systems Tests

Initial System Design Phase

Full Development Phase

3Q

Program path is for demonstration of capability in FY09

7/2/2007fcm 13

Free Electron Laser

• Unique electrically powered device– FEL extracts kinetic energy from a

relativistic electron beam

– High average laser power at selectable

wavelengths with good beam quality

– Deep magazine gives unlimited run time

• Current development plans for “next navy”:– 100kW (upgradeable to MW) FEL under ONR Code 35 INP planned for 2010

start

– MW-class FEL beam control system is technically challenging for electron and

photon beams

– Government-owned facility for integration and testing of FEL in maritime

environment

7/2/2007fcm 14

Summary

• Some “futuristic" capability is here today.

• Socialization issues are best overcome by spiral development

• Spiral development is best way to field:– Fiber laser with low beam quality

– SSL with high beam quality

– MW-Class FEL + Relay Mirror

• Takes advantage of “deep magazine” concept whose realadvantages are:– Lower life cycle cost

– Simpler, shorter, cheaper logistics tail offering greater flexibility andopportunity for combatant ships

– Hedge against complete ammunition expenditure on near-peer

• Fast response to asymmetric threat issue

• The all-electric ship is the enabler