a view from dcarchive.cra.org/activities/snowbird/2008/slides/wing_snowbird08.pdf · [butler...
TRANSCRIPT
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A View from DC
Jeannette M. Wing
Assistant DirectorComputer and Information Science and Engineering
CRA SnowbirdJuly 15, 2008
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2Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Outline
• CISE and NSF– Initiatives
– Management
– Budget
• Federal Picture: NITRD
• International
• Final Remarks
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CISE
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4Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
CISE FY09 Research Initiatives
• New Initiatives– Data-Intensive Computing
– Cyber-Physical Systems (joint with ENG)
• Enhanced Initiatives– Network Science and Engineering
– Trustworthy Computing
• Continued from FY08– Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation
– Expeditions
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5Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Drivers of Computing
Science
Society
Technology
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Data Intensive Computing
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7Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
How Much Data?
• NOAA has ~1 PB climate data (2007)
• Wayback machine has ~2 PB (2006)
• CERN’s LHC will generate 15 PB a year (2008)
• HP is building WalMart a 4PB data warehouse (2007)
• Google processes 20 PB a day (2008)
• “All words ever spoken by human beings” ~ 5 EB
• Int’l Data Corp predicts 1.8 ZB of digital data by 2011
640K ought to beenough foranybody.
Slide source: Jimmy Lin, UMD
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8Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Convergence in Trends
• Drowning in data
• Data-driven approach in computer science research– graphics, animation, language translation, search, …,
computational biology
• Cheap storage– Seagate Barracuda 1TB hard drive for $195
• Growth in huge data centers
• Data is in the “cloud” not on your machine
• Easier access and programmability by anyone– e.g., Amazon EC2, Google+IBM cluster, Yahoo! Hadoop
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9Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Data-Intensive ComputingSample Research Questions
Science– What new abstractions (including models, languages,
algorithms) are needed for data-intensive, rather thanprocess-intensive computing?
– What new metrics are needed to evaluate performance ofdata-intensive computations?
Technology– How can we automatically manage the hardware and software
of these data-intensive computing systems at scale?– How can we provide security and privacy for simultaneous
mutually untrusted users, for both processing and data?– How can we reduce these systems’ power consumption?
Society– What (new) uses and users might arise from our ability to
process large scale datasets?
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Cyber-Physical Systems
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11Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Smart Cars
Lampson’s Grand Challenge:
Reduce highway traffic deaths to zero.
[Butler Lampson, Getting Computers to Understand,Microsoft, J. ACM 50, 1 (Jan. 2003), pp 70-72.]
Cars drive themselves
Credit: PaulStamatiou.com
A BMW is “now actually anetwork of computers”
[R. Achatz, Seimens, Economist Oct 11,2007]
Dash Express:Cars are nodes in a
network
Credit: Dash Navigation, Inc.
Smart parking
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12Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Embedded Medical Devices
pacemaker
infusion pump
scanner
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13Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Sensors Everywhere
SonomaRedwood Forest smart buildings
Kindly donated by Stewart Johnston
smart bridgesCredit: MO Dept. of Transportation
Hudson River Valley
Credit: Arthur Sanderson at RPI
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14Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Robots Everywhere
At work: Two ASIMOs working together incoordination to deliver refreshments
Credit: Honda
At home: Paro, therapeutic robotic seal
Credit: Paro Robots U.S., Inc.
At home/clinics: Nursebot, roboticassistance for the elderly
Credit: Carnegie Mellon University
At home: iRobot Roombavacuums your house
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15Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
U.S Broader Research Agenda andPriorities
#1 Priority: Cyber-Physical Systems Our lives depend on them.
Dan Reed and George Scalise, editorsAugust 2007
Credit: http://www.ostp.gov/pdf/nitrd_review.pdf
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16Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Cyber-Physical SystemsSample Research Challenges
Science
• Co-existence of Booleans and Reals– Discrete systems in a continuous world
• Reasoning about uncertainty– Human, Mother Nature, the Adversary
Technology• Intelligent and safe digital systems that interact with
the physical world• Self-monitoring, real-time learning and adapting
Society• Systems need to be unintrusive, friendly, dependable,
predictable, …
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Enhanced Initiatives
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18Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
1999
Our Evolving Networks are Complex
19801970
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19Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Network Science and Engineering
• Fundamental Question: Is there a science forunderstanding the complexity of our networks suchthat we can engineer them to have predictablebehavior?
• Deepen and broaden research agenda of originalGENI concept
• Includes CISE’s current networking programs:SING, FIND, NGNI
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20Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Network Science and EngineeringSample Research Challenges
- Understand emergent behaviors, local–global interactions, system failuresand/or degradations- Develop models that accurately predict and control network behaviors
- Develop architectures for self-evolving, robust, manageable future networks- Develop design principles for seamless mobility support- Leverage optical and wireless substrates for reliability and performance- Understand the fundamental potential and limitations of technology
- Design secure, survivable, persistent systems, especially when under attack- Understand technical, economic and legal design trade-offs, enable privacy protection- Explore AI-inspired and game-theoretic paradigms for resource and performanceoptimization
Science
Technology
SocietyEnable new applications and new economies,while ensuring security and privacy Security,
privacy,economics, AI,social scienceresearchers
Networkscience andengineeringresearchers
Understand the complexity oflarge-scale networks
Distributedsystems andsubstrateresearchers
Develop new architectures and abstractions,exploiting new substrates
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21Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Trustworthy Computing
• Trustworthy = reliability, security, privacy, usability
• Deepen and broaden Cyber Trust
• Three emphases for FY09– Foundations of trustworthy
• Models, logics, algorithms, metrics
– Privacy
– Usability
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Continued from FY08
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23Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
CDI: Cyber-Enabled Discovery and Innovation
Computational Thinking for Science and Engineering
• Paradigm shift– Not just our metal tools (transistors and wires) but also our mental tools
(abstractions and methods)
• It’s about partnerships and transformative research.– To innovate in/innovatively use computational thinking; and– To advance more than one science/engineering discipline.
• Three dimensions– From Data to Knowledge– Understanding Complexity in Natural, Built, and Social Systems– Virtual Organizations
• FY08: $47.9M for ~30 awards– 1900 LOIs, 1300 preliminary proposals, 200 final proposals
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24Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Expeditions
• Bold, creative, visionary, high-risk ideas
• Whole >> part i
• Solicitation is deliberately underconstrained– Tell us what YOU want to do!– Response to community
• Loss of ITR Large, DARPA changes, support for high-riskresearch, large experimental systems research, etc.
• FY08: ~3 awards, each at $10M for 5 years– 122 LOI, 75 prelim, 20 final, 7 reverse site visits
i
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25Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Others
Please see website www.cise.nsf.gov for full list.
• Creative IT, CRCNS, DataNet, HECURA, …
• Research infrastructure: CRI, MRI
• Education: CPATH, BPC
• Science and Technology Centers
• …
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Research Ideas in the Works
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27Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
ClickworkersCollaborative Filtering
Collaborative IntelligenceCollective Intelligence
CrowdsourcingeSociety
Human-Based ComputationRecommender Systems
Reputation SystemsSocial Commerce
Socially Intelligent ComputingSwarm Intelligence
WikinomicsWisdom of the Crowds
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28Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
eSociety: Computing BY and FOR Society
• Examples– Individual Memexes, personalized robots, social networks,
Second Life++, human computation (e.g., ESP Game)
• Multiple dimensions– Numbers and types of people– Numbers and types of devices and services– Numbers and types of communications and interactions
• Question: Can we harness these capabilities to makehumans and computers work effectively in harmony,solving problems neither can solve alone?
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29Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Green IT
IT as part of the problem and IT as part of the solution
• IT as a consumer of energy– 2% (and growing) of world-wide energy use due to IT
• IT as a helper to solve problems– Direct: reduce energy use, recycle, repurpose, …– Indirect: e-commerce, e-collaboration, telework -> reduction
travel, …– Systemic: computational models of climate, species, … -> inform
science and inform policy
• Broader context: Sustainability, Energy, ClimateChange, Economy, Human Behavior
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Education
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31Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Education
Challenge to Community: What is an effective way ofteaching (learning) computational thinking to (by)K-12?
• Computational Thinking for Children– National Academies Computer Science and
Telecommunications Board (CSTB)• Workshops on CT for All
• Collaborating with Board on Science Education
– Internal working group at NSF• CISE, EHR, SBE, OCI, MPS
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32Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Education
• CS AP (AB) Exam
– It’s an opportunity for us!
– Goal: Let’s try to speak loudly and with onevoice.
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33Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Important Issues
• Broadening Participation in Computing
– How do we effect institutional change?• Does your university/lab/department have a strategic
plan for diversity?
– How can we improve the image of computing?
• CISE Highlights
– Your research highlights matter!
– To Dept Heads and Deans: Recognize the prestigeby having Highlights included in faculty C.V.s.
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Management
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35Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Back to Basics
• NSF is about basic science and engineering.Preserve CISE core.
• It’s all about good ideas and good people.
• It’s about long term impact.Impact may be far in the future.
Impact is long-lasting (that is real science).
Impact can create new economies and change societalbehavior.
Promote new, emerging areas of computing.
Support interdisciplinary and collaborative research.
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36Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Staffing News
• Sampath Kannan joined us July 1 as Division Directorof Computer and Communications Foundations (CCF)
• Haym Hirsh is staying for a third year as DivisionDirector of Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS)
• Ty Znati joined last September as Division Director ofComputer and Network Systems (CNS)
I feel lucky—I have a great team!
…and the hardest working and most dedicatedprogram directors and administrative staff at NSF.
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37Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Coordinated and Cross-Directorate Solicitations• Rationale: To inform you of the breadth of interests across CISE, to
de-confuse you, to help you plan your proposal writing, to be timely andnimble to new ideas, and to improve the review process.
CNS IISCCF
•Algorithmic F’ns•Communications and Information F’ns•Software and Hardware F’ns
Core
• Human-Centered • Information Integra- tion & Informatics• Robust Intelligence
Core
• Computer Systems• Network Systems
Core
Cross-Cutting
•Data-intensive Computing•Network Science and Engineering•Trustworthy Computing
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Budget
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39Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
President
NSF
1. Request
2. Appropriate
Civics 101
Congress
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40Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
FY08 and FY09 CISE Funding
• FY08 (FY began 10/1/07)
– CISE Request was $574 million, a 9% increase over FY07
– CISE Appropriate is $535 million, only a 1.5% increase
– Missed opportunities of $39 million• E.g, ~325 awards or 400 grad students
• FY09 (FY begins 10/1/08)
– CISE Request totals $639 million
– Reflects a $104 million increase, or 19.5% over FY08level.
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41Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
CISE FY07 to FY09
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42Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Reality
• FY09 (starts 10/1/08)– Lots of uncertainty now:
What will Congress do for FY09’sbudget?Who will be our next President?
– New Administration January 2009
• FY10 (starts 10/1/09)– Planning now
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43Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Glimmers of Hope
• America Competes Act,August 2007– Double NSF’s budget in 7 years
• War Supplement– $62.5M for NSF, ~$17.5M for
Research
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Federal Picture:NITRD
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45Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
What is NITRD?
• Networking and Information Technology Research andDevelopment
• Established by High-Performance Computing Act 1991
• Co-chairs: Chris Greer (NC0) and Jeannette Wing (NSF)
• Agencies (in order of investment): NSF, DARPA, OSD andDoD, NIH, DOE/SC/NE/FE, NSA, NASA, NIST, AHRQ,DOE/NNSA, NOAA, EPA, NARA
• 8 Program Component Areas
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46Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. WingScience and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007
FY08 Budget Estimate: $3.341BFY09 Budget Request: $3.548B
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47Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
FY08 Estimates and FY09 Requests by Agency
Agency NITRD Budgets
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
NSF
DARPA
OSD&DoD N
IHDO
E/S
C/N
E/F
E
NSA
NASA
NIS
T
AHRQ
DO
E/N
NSA
NO
AA
EPA
NARA
Agency
Do
lla
rs in
M
illi
on
s
FY08 Estimate FY09 Request
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48Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
FY09 Request R&D
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
NSF DARPA NIH DOE
Agency
Do
lla
rs i
n M
illi
on
s
Other R&D NITRD
NITRD as Percent of Total R&D FY09 Request
NSF 21% DARPA 17.4%
NIH 1.8%
DOE 4.7%
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49Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Strategic Plan Process Underway
• Why?– Last Strategic Plan was 2002-2006
– PCAST/NITRD August 2007 report
– New Administration January 2009
• Focus: Goals and capabilities that can only be achievedthrough interagency cooperation and coordination
• Vision-driven
• Community input welcome!– Request for Input (July)
– Workshop (November)
– Feedback on draft (early next year)
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International
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51Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. WingScience and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007
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52Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. WingScience and Technology Policy Institute, Briefing to PCAST, January 2007
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53Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
What the EU is Spending in ICT
• European Community Framework 7
• Four ICT calls for proposals for 7-year projects
Future and Emerging Technologies
European Technology Platform forNanoelectronics
Ambient Assisted Living
Advanced Research and Technology forEmbedded Intelligent Systems(ARTEMIS)* [“Cyber-Physical Systems”]
Total EC+Nat’l
MEquivalent to
US$M***
243**
65
142.1
90.057
90
102.6
379.9
Total 455 718.4
** Includes 144M in private funds*10-yr budget 1.1B public funds, 1.6B private funds
*** 1 = 1.5788 US$Source: Wayne Patterson, NSF OISE
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54Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
China: Annual Budget of NSFCUnit: 100 million Yuan
0.8
1
.0
1.1
1
.3
1.5
1
.8
2.3
3
.0
4.0
4
.9
6.2
7
.4
8.4
1
0.2
1
2.7
1
5.7
19
.7
20
.5
22
.52
73
6.1
43
53
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
80 5300 (million Yuan)
NSFC budget has increased at an annual rate
of over 20%. The budget for 2006-2010 will be
doubled compared with that from 2001-2005,
reaching 20-30B Yuan (3- 4.5B US$).
12 795 (M US$)
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Penultimate Word
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56Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
CISE Needs Good People
• Quality of program directors
Affects quality of reviewers chosen for panelsand ad hoc reviews
Affects quality of reviews PIs receive
Affects funding decisions
Affects the nature and content of ourresearch
Affects the frontiers of our discipline!
Quote from Dr. Arden Bement, Director of NSF:“Send us talent.”
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57Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
What You Can Do for ComputingIn increasing order of comfort:
• Service counts: Discuss at your institution how to include service aspart of the evaluation, promotion, and tenure process.
• Names, names, names: Have your department head/dean/labdirector send us (1) a list of qualified reviewers, (2) a list ofpotential program directors, division directors, assistant directors.
• Support the field, support your colleagues: Our self-hypercriticalness hurts us when we compete at the foundation level(e.g., MRI, PECASE, S&TCs, ERCs, IGERT, CDI).
• Most importantly: Do great research!• Be creative, innovative, bold, visionary. As senior members of the
community, set an example for and mentor the junior members.• Send us your good ideas. Send us your good people.
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58Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
It’s a Collective Effort
We are in this together!
• ACM, CCC, CRA, CSTB, IEEE Computer,NSF/CISE, …
• Government—Academia—Industry ecosystem
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Last Word:The Future of Computing is Bright!
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60Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Drivers of Computing
Science
Society
Technology• What is computable?• P = NP?• (How) can we build complex systems simply?• What is intelligence?• What is information?
J. Wing, “Five Deep Questions in Computing,” CACM January 2008
6A’sAnytimeAnywhereAccess toAnything byAnyoneAuthorized.
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Thank You!
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62Snowbird 2008 Jeannette M. Wing
Credits
• Copyrighted material used under Fair Use. If you are the copyright holder and believeyour material has been used unfairly, or if you have any suggestions, feedback, orsupport, please contact: [email protected]
• Except where otherwise indicated, permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/ormodify all images in this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentationlicense, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy ofthe license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation license”(http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License)