PE 44

lE

4ft

-{L

November I, 1968

A [few - Type $ohool Where Theory

Praetieefiocords With

- Report of on lnvestigotion into the Wukou Port-TimeTeo-Growing ond Port-Time Study Middle Schooi in

Wuyuon County, Kiongsi Province

Soviet Revisionists Step Up CopitolistRestorotion

lntensified Copitolist Reorgonizotion of Soviet Economy

Sordid Solesmen of Reoctionory Western Culturel.2.

The Dictoto rshipls Dictsto rship

of the Proletariatby the Mosses

&er#T&E!0tr$ rE(Iffi

effifiIffiffi&ffi ffifio

In the countryside, schools and eolleges should be managedby the poor and lower-middle peasants - the most reliable ally ofthe working class.

The people of all countries, the masses comprising more than90 per cent of the entire population, sooner or later want revolu-tion and sooner or later support Marxism-Leninism. They will notsupport revisionism. Though some peopl,e may support revision-ism for a while, they will eventually east it aside. They are boundto awaken gradually; they are bound to oppose the imperialistsand reactionaries in all countries; they are bound to oppose revi-sionism.

The seizure of povser by armed force, the settlement of theissue by war, is the central task and the highest form of revolu-tion. This Marxist-Leninist principle of revolution holds good uni-versally, for Chirea and for all other countries.

Problems ot(November 6,

and Stral,;egy

T$ E-rE tS

War1s3B)

TFIE WEEK

Profound Tribute to C'P.V. Mantyrs

Octcber 25 marked the 18th an-niversary of the day the Chinese Peo-ple's Volunteers left China 1.o fightin the War to Resist U.S. Aggressionand Aid Korea. On that day, work-ers, poor and lower-middle peasants,Liberation Army men and young RedGuard fighters in northeast China'slargest industrial city Shenyang andin Tantung, the heroic city on thenorth bank of the Yaiu River, wentrvith profound proletarian feelings tothe cemeteries of the C.P.V. martyrs.There they paid tribute to the greatproletarian interi-rationalist figh+"ersrvho had heroically laid down theirlives in this war.

More than 10.000 revolutionarypeople in Shenyang held a rally be-fore the Monument to the Martyrs inthe War to Resist U.S. Aggression andAid Korea. Amidst the strains ofTlze lnternationale, representatives ofrevolutionary mass organizations- ofworkers, poor and lower-middlepeasants and Red Guards laidwreaths in front of the monument.

Speaking at the rally, ihey pointedout that these revolutionary martyrswho had valiantly given their livesin this great struggle would ah,vayslive in the hearts of the Chinese peo-ple and the revolutionary people ofthe world. They declared their de-termination to learn from the rev+-lutionary mart;rrs' great spirit ofpatriotlsm and internationalism andtlieir revolutionary spirit of strug-gl.ing to the end against the U.S. im-perialist aggressors. They pledgedto carry through to the end the greatproletarian cultural revolution andthe revolutionary stt-uggle againstimperialism, revisionism and allreaction,

The more than 200 industrial work-ers attending the Shenyang con-fercnce of Liaoning Province activists

Nooentber' 7,'1968

C"*^"ry"rrttryg lqth Ar^ at the recepiion which proceeded ina frieirdly atnrosphere.

Paul W. Lumbi spoke of the effortsand achievements by Zambia innational conslruction after indepen-dence and expressed the convictiontl-rat the Zambian people would builda genuinely Zambian-controlledeconomy.

The Charge d'Affaires exPressed

the Zambian people's support for allAfrican people fighting against im-perialism, for the Arab fight againstIsraeli aggression and for the strug-g1e of the Vietnan-rese PeoPle.

He said: The peoPles of Zambiaand China are engaged in a commonstruggle against imperialism, colo-nialism and neo-colonialism. Theirprofound friendship is continuouslyrieveloping and getting stronger'

The Charge d'Affair-es continued:The great proletarian cultural rev-olution initiated and led personallyby the great leader of the Chinese

people Chairman Mao Tse-tung has

Scored resounding victories, whichhave culminated in the establish-ment oI revolutionary committees ina1l parts of China except Taiwan' On

behalI of the Government and thepeople of Zambia, Lumbi congrat-ulated the Chinese people and theirbeloved leader Chairman Mao Tse-

tung on their continuing successes'

In his speech, Chi Peng-fei Praisedthe Zambian people for their achieve-

ments in getting rid of the coio-

nial forces, safeguarding nationalinclependence and develoPing the

national economy'

Chi Peng-fei said: An excellent

situation now prevails in the strug-g1e of the people of the world against

imperialisrn dnd its accomplices' The

rnore U.S, lmPerialism and Soviet

rerrisionism coliaborate, the more

clearly the people of the world willsee through them as jackals of the

same lair.

(Continued, on P. 31.)

3

in the creative study and appiicationof Mao Tse-tung's thought and therevolutionary masses from manyfactories, rural peoPle's communesand schools also went to the martyrs'-cemetery on October 25. TheY heldmemorial meetings and took oathsai the tombs of C.P.V. martyrs HuangChi-kuang, Yang Ken-sztt, ChiuShao-yun, Sun Chan-yuan and YangLien-ti and invited C.P.V. veteransto give reports on the heroism ofthese martyrs in fighting the U.S.imperialist aggressors. Again andagain, the revolutionary people re-cited Chairman Mao's quotation:"Thousairds 'upon thousands ofrnartyrs have heroically laid downtheir lives for the people; let us holdtheir banner high and march ahead

along the path crimson with theirhlood!"

On the same day, tens of thou-sands of revolutionary peoPle andP.L.A. gemman{ers and fighters inTantung gathered in the eitY's rev-olutionary martyrs' cemetery to pay

tribute to the heroes who had fa}lenin the War to Resist U.S. Aggression

and Aid Korea.

Zombian Chorge d'AffoiresGives Nutionsl DoY RecePt;otr

Paul W. Lumbi, Charge d'Affairesad interim of the Zambian EmbassY

in China gave a recePtion in Pekingon October 24 in celebration of thefourth anniversary of the indepen-dence of the Republic of Zambia'

Among those attending were TungPi-r,vu, Vice-Chairman of the Peo-ple's Republic of China, and KuoMo-jo, Vice-Chairman of the Stand-ing Commiltee of the National Peo-

ple's Congress,

Paul W. Lumbi and Chinese Vice-Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei spoke

The period of schooling should be shortened,revolutionized, and the domination of our schools

tuals should by no rneans be allowed to continue.

edueation should beby hourgeois intellec-

- MAO TSE-TUNG

A Hew-Type $ehool Where Theory fieeords

WEth Praetiee

- Report of sn lnvestigotion lnto the Wukou Fort-Tinne Teo-Growing and

Port-Time Study Middle School in Wuyuon County, Kiongsi Frovince

The proletarian reuolution in educqtxon i,s bringittg about rad.zcal ehan,ges i,n Ch.ittct's tens ofthouscttds of schools and colleges. Under th"e leadersltip of tlte u:otking class attd the poor arccl

lotLta"-'rniddl,e peasants, the uniuersities ancl mid<Lle and primarg schools throu,ghou.t the co,..tntrg

are ct;nscientiously implementirig the principl"e that "Education must serve proletarian politics and

be c*rrrlrined with prod.uctive labour," put foru:at'd' by Chairman Mao Tse-tung, so as fo "enableevelyone who reeeives an education to develop morally, intellectually and physically and l:ccorne a

rvorker with both socialist consciousness and'cultute." Theg are fundamentallg changing the situa-

tttn in u:hicit th,e scltools and cc;l,leges u)ere dominated by bourgeois intellectuals and enabling

sclrools and colleges to train up true s?rccessors to the reuolutionarA cause of the proletariat.

Much good eryterience i.n this respect i.s being spread throughout the countrg and it is being

constantl,A enriched bg further rexolutionarA practice. Though this represents onlg an i,nitial achiexe-

ment of the eilucational reoolution, it has ogtened up a neu phase i.n gnoletarian ed.ueatiott,. Re-

ported belota, the erperience gainei| in th.e transformati'on o! education bg the Wukou Part-TimeTea-Grousing and Part-Time Study Mi,ddle School i.n Wuyuan Countg, Kiangsi Pra'-*ince, is iustone of mang such eram4iles,

Tltis school has onlg four tull.-time teachers fincluding one i,n charge). With uerg good results,

it inrites ttorkers, tea-groui,ng peasants and, technicians of worker ori.gi,n to teach, lt seents quitelilcely that Chairman Mao's thinking on the proletarian reuolutxon in educati,on canbe realized more

speedilg in the rural areas than in the cities. Tlris ts because the predominant force of the poor

end. lower-middle peaso-nts can be established m.ore easily in the rural schools. Thi,s furnishes sti.ll

m..are conuincing prooJ of hoto zmperatiue i,t i,s to send Mao Tse-tung's thought propagand,a teams oJ

worket's, taith the participatiott of Liberation Arntg fighters, to schools in the ci,ties. Those u:bo do

not Vet fully understand the significance of this m,ight as well stud,y the sttuati.on corucerning therural areas.-P,R. Ed.

to spcak at the meetings. Recalling the former tea-growing vocational school and tea-growing technicalschool set up on the plantation, they spoke of the harmof these schools which were divorced flom proletarianpolitics, from the u,orkers and peasants and from ]abourand reality. They cor-rdemned the evils of the b,ourgeoiseducational line. The poor and lou'er-middle peasantsmade this trenchant demand: "Our school must not be

THE Part-Time Tea-Growing and Part-Time StudyI Midd1e School of the Wukou Tea Plantation in

Wuyuan County, Kiangsi Province. rvas founded in 1965.At that time, it was not clear which line it woulduphold, which road it v;ould take. The leadership ofthe piantation and the school organized a nun-ib.er ofmeetings to discuss this question. Veteran plantatlonworkers and local tea-grou,ing peasants were invited

4 Peking Ret;ietu, No. 44

run like the old bourgecis-dominated schoois whichcaused our sons and daughters to degenerate iirto good-for-nothings unfit for manual labour. We must foiiowChairrnan Mao's teaching and train up 'worl<er[o] withboth socialist consciousness and culture.'" Follorvingthese meetings, the leadership of the plantation andthe scho<:l took the ini+,iative in inviting the plantationworkers and poor and lower-micldle peasants to take a

direct part in the school's leaCership and administration.They have made a big effort to strengthen worklng-class leadership over the school politically and ideo-logically. Whenever they discuss prineiples and policiesfor running the srhool, they always invite the plantationq.orkers and local poor and lower-middle peasants toparticipate and voice their criticisms, opinions anddemands and give advice, Workers' representativesfrom the plantation also take a direct part in the workof the school's revolutionary committee. In this way,with the w-orkers and poor and lower-middle peasantspalticipating and giving impetus to their efforts, theyhave step by step carried out the revolution i,n educationin accordance r.vith Charrman Mao's proletarian educa-tional line.

How Teoching ls Corried Out in ThisNew-Type School

Under the leadership and management of the work-ing class and poor and lower-middle peasants, theWukcu Part-Time Tea-Gror*ring and Part-Time Studyi\{idd1e School has pioneered a new road in transformingeducation.

The general prineipie it follows in transformingeducation is to give prominence to proletarian politics,put Mao Tse-tung's thought in command of everything.have fewer and better courses, closel.y combine studywith productive labour, and study for the pui'pose ofappiying what one learns.

The characteristics of the transformation of educa-tion in this school are: getting out of the classroom,making workers and peasants lts teachers, using pro-duction bases as classrooms, Iinking theoly with prac-tice, learning both tea-processing in the r,vorkshops ofthe plantation and farming in the fields. By closeiycombining classroom teachir"rg and production, the stu-dents are able to grasp faster what they study, re-member it better and apply it u'hen required.

Poy Great Attentlon to the Study of Chslrmun Mso'sWorks. Each teacher and student is given a copy ofSelected ReaCings Fram th.e trVorks of Mao Tse-|,ung,the ordinary language lessons are dropped and, as inthe case of the political course, Chairman l\,fao's works,especially his latest series of instructit;t'ts ;rnd thoseconcerning the revolution in education, are the soleteaching material. Various types of Mao Tse-tung'sthought study classes ha',.e ileen :ret ut: at lhe t;velailschool level, in each class anrl in each room of the

Nai:em.be.r 1, 1968

dormitories. A meeting is held regularly every weehby each of the school classes to discuss their experiencein the creative stu<iy and appiication of NIao Tse-tung'sthought. Thus. the study oi Chai::mar: l,{ao's works isr"ealiy givcn priority.

The school pays great attention to class education.It uses instances of clas-s struggle in the iocality asteaching matelial by ne.gative exarnple to edricate theteachers antl students. Among such instances are theconspiratolial aciivities of the land-lords, rich peasants,counter-rerrolutionaries, bad elements and Rlghtists andthe crimes of ;ictive counter-revoiutionaries in sakrotag-ing the impler:rentation of the instruction to "resumeclasses and carry on the revolution" in the school. A1lthis is airrred at sharpening the teachers' and students'sense of class struggle and enhancing their level of con-sciousness in the struggie between tl:e trn o iines, stimu-lating their proletarian feeling-r, and prompting themto do still better in creatively studyir-rg and applyingMao Tse-tung's thought and to remould iheir worldoutlook with prolound class feeling.

Toke Firrn Hold of the Struggle Between the TwoLines in Teuching, Simplify Compliccted TeochingMoteriq! ond Moke lt Suit Procticql Needs. Teach-ing at tea-gro'wing schools used to be done mainlyin the classroom. and was seldom iii-rked up with pro-duction; lessoars '..vere complicated and repetltious, anduseless in practice. Originally, the Wukou tea-grou'ingschool gar,'e 21 rourses, including mathematics, physicsand chemisir'"v. l,essons in tea-grorn'ing alone accountedfor 12 of these courses. How could st.udents take inall ihis? They crluld not appl;; what they had leat'ntand did not learn what u'as needed in actual practice-'The energy ;rnd time of both stu'dents and teachers!!-ere squandered. Yet the influence of the counter-revolutionary revisionist educational line and ihe o1d

ideology in people's minds were so strong that some

teachers were co,nservative in handiing the transforrna-tion of teaching material. Those teaching mathematicstaught acccrding to old, siereotyped conventions. Those

who had learnt {oreign la.nguages insisted on adding

courses in foreign languages. Some chemistry teachers

who were keen to show off their "knor'r'1edge." chalkedthe blackboards ftrll of chemical formulas havingnotliing to cl.r rviih tea g'r'orving.

There is no eonstr:ttttinn rvithout destruction. Invie:n, of thesi: obs:tacLes to transiormlng teaching, theleader'::hip ci the plantaticn :md the school put a bigef{ort into lunnilg i\,Ili-rt Tsc-t'-rng's thought stu'dy

classes in'.vhir]: tl:e cclrnter-r'evolntionar-rz revisionistedr-rcational iint pushect by China's Khrushchov was

serrerely denouirced. At one meeting call'ed for such

criticism and repudiation. Cot'nrade Chu Chin-kuei, rvhohad worked for -vears in the o1d tea-growing vocationalschool and o1d tea-grorn,ing technical school, wrathfuJ.lydeclared: "Education in the past was nothing but a

feudal. lr.ourgeois and revisionist hotchpotch. The heads

of most stu'dents treined in this way were filied withideas of seeking fairre and fortune. Such students were

firll of empty taik on every subject. AJter three yearsof schooling. they turned out third-grade tea from first-grade material. I{ any of us today should stil} take thewrong roed of 'study for the purpose of becomingofficials,' or 'stu<ly for personal fame and fortune,' andjudge a student onl;, by the marks he gets, he will fal1into the trap laid by China's Khrushchov. To be ledby the nose by the landlords and the bourgeoisie neansforgetting one's oln class origin in the labcuring peo-ple. We must never do that." This veteran worker'strenchant exposure and forceful denunciation was aneducation for everyone present.

As everyone had enhanced his understanding, theschool leadership promptly put fonvard the principleof facing production and reality, that is, that teachersand students should get out of the classrooms and holdclasses in the workshops or in the fields and, throughon-the-spot teaching and practice, assess teachingmaterial and content, decide what should be adopted ordiscarded, and so carry out the transformation ofteaching.

The method of going deep into practice to makeexperirneirts has produced very good results. In linewith practical needs, the teachers and students coilectedtogether the complicated teaching materials and courseswhich originally seemed unrelated to each other, sim-plified some of them and edited others into concisestudy materials in accordance with the principle ofservmg tea production and agricultural production. Asa result of this effort, the specialized tea-growing@urses were reduced to two as against 12 before, andbasic subjects like mathernatics, physics and chemislrywere also greatiy simpiified. A1l the teachers and stu-dents were pleased with these changes.

MEke Workers ond Peosonts Teqchers -'r!E1g-!6q1Teochers Give Lectures"; lntellectuqls ond Young

Students Toke the Rood of lntegroting ThemselyeiWith the Workers ond Pessonts; A "Three-in-One"Method of Teoching by Workers ond Peosonts,Tecchers ond Students ls Introduced. This school nowhas only four fuli-time teachers (including one inclrarge). It invites plantation workers, tea-growingpeasants and technicians of rvorker origin to teach.In addition to the ordinary claisrooms, it uses theworkshops on the plantation and the tea gardens andfields as classrooms for teaching the growing andpreliminary processing of tea and the cultivation andmaDagement of other crops. This practice has gradualiybecome systematized. Rich i.n production exoe::ienee,the worhers and peasants give vivid lectures in pJ.ainlanguage which is easily understood. They are thuswekomed by the students, who say: ,,We have learntfrom our worker-peasant teachers what we couLd neverhave learnt in the classroom before." ,,We can easilyunderstand, quickly grasp, firmly remember and readilyapply .the lessons taught in the workshops by theveteran worl<ers." A teacher said that in the past hehad always spent seven or eight hours in lecturing on

6

a diesel engine but was neyer able to make mattersclear to the students who forgot the first half whileIistwring to the last half of his lecture. However, aveteran wo:ker comrade from the plantation, he pointedout, was able to lecture on the sarne subject elearlyand thoroughly in less than an hour, taking the machineapart and putting it together with ease.

Toke Pcrt in Actuoi Production ond Study in theCousse of Lobcur. The school experienced a sharpsiruggle in carying out the principle that "Educationmust serve proletarian polities and be combined withproductive labotrr." At the beginning, some teachersand students rvere afraid of hard work and fatigueand r.r,ere reluetant to take part in productive labour.One teacher said: "I've come to teach and not to domanual" work." Some students likewise held that theyhad come to study and not to do manual labour. Inview of these ideas, the leadership of the plantationand school organized the teachers and students to studyChaiirnan l\l[ao's related writings and quotations.Chairman Mao says: "Working people should masterintellectual work and intelleetuals should integratethemselves with the working people." He adds: "Bytaking part in eollective productive labour, the cadresmaintaia extensive, constant and close ties with theworking pcopk. ffiis is * rljcr rnrcslrre of funda-mental importaree for a socielist sy*tem; it helps toovercome bureaueracy and to prevent revisionism anddogmatism." There was a ganeral rise in poiiticalconsciousness as a result of this study. Following theorample of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Militaryand Political College founded under the direct leader-ship of Chairman lVlao and the Party Central Committeeduring the War of Resistance Against Japan, they en-gaged in productive labour while studying and practiseddiligence and frugality in running their school. Thusthey fostered the revolutionary spirit of hard workand persevered in following the road of combining edu-cation with productive labour.

In general, they concentrate on learning aboutwhatever task they are engaged on and closely combineteaching v,rith local production. The slack season in thetea-growing area, for example, is from August of oneyear to April of the next. The main wol.k in thisperiod consists of land reclamation, 'expansion of teagardens and regeneration and transplanti,ng of teashrubs. Accordingly, the studies at the school centreon the surveying and laying out of tea garCens, thedesigning of preliminary tea processing workshcps andthe techniques of cultivating and transplanting teashr",ibs. They learn in the course of doing and workwhile learning. There ale fewer lectures i.n class andmore on-the-spoL practice,

Apart from regular manual work, in the busyseason, ciasses are moved to the tea gardens and teaprocessing rvorkshops lvhere students work on the spoiand learn frcm the u,orkers and pessants in practicalwork. The V'ruhou tea plantation had a lrumper harvest

Pci.:.irig Reoiezo, No. 44

this year, and there was an intensive period of work inpicking and preliminary processing. The revolutionaryteachers and students at the school volunteered to takeon the job of preliminary processing. tr'or tlvo months,they made great efforts to learn from the plantationwor:kers their fine qualities of wholehearted devotionto the publie interest, and of working hard and livingsimply. At the same time, through practice they learntmnch teehnical knowledge and gained much practicaiexperience in preliminary tea processing. They won a

twin victory in study and in productive labour, fulfillingthe task of doing the preliminary processing of rnorethan 100 tons of tea on schedule and up to the requiredstanclard of quality. In 'this way, they gave greatassistance to production on the tea plantation and con-tributed to the country's socialist construction.

A School Troining Successors to the

Revolutionory eouse of the

Proletsriot

Guided by Chairman Mao's proletarian educationalline, and under the leadership and management ofthe rvorking class and the poor and iowei-middlepeasants, this school is training its more than onehundred students into "worker[s] with both socialistconsciousness and culture." The students who are beingeducated by the 'arorkers ancl peasants are grorving up\\,e11; the teachers in the .school too are taking theworkers and peasants as their teachers and followingthe road of integrating themselves with the workersand peasants.

With boundless loyalty to Chairman Mao and to theproletarian headquarters headed by Chairman Mao andwith Vice--Chairman Lin Piao as its deputy leader, thestudenis and teaehers have step by step closely followedChairman }fao's great strategic plan, carried out everyone of his latest instructions, and have resolutely re-pudiated the reactionary theory of "many centres," thatis, the theory of "no centre," and various other reac-tionary bourgeois trends of thought.

The students and teachers have a firra class standand are clear-cut about what they love and hate and,in accordanee with Chairman Mao's great teaching,"Never forget class struggle," fight resolutely and brave-Iy against the enemy. They often travel several kilo-metres at night to the plantation headquarters and near-by communes to struggle together with the workers andpoor and lower-middle peasants against the classenemies. One day, when a runaway counter-revolution-ary was tracked to the mountains, they rushed therein the night and captured him.

Using Mao Tse-tung's thought as their weapon, therevolutionary students and teachers of the school havecarried on deep-going and sustained revolutionary masscriticism and repudiation, in the course of which they

Nouember 1, 1968

exposed and condemned the counter-revolutionarycrimes of China's Khrushchov and his agents in KiangsiFrovince, Fang Chih-chun qnd his like; they criticizedand repudiated the counter-revolutionary revisionisteducational line pushed by China's Khrushchov andboulgeois ideas of contempt for the workers andpeasants. They bitterly hate the class enemies and havean ardent love for the rvorkers and the poor andlower-middle peasants. When sorae students noticedthat a foot-path running between the school and thebank of a stream rvas in baci condition and caused dif-ficulties for the working people, they took the initiativein repalring it. As the sons of an old, poor peasantwoman in the Wukou production team lvere away fromhome, the stucients often helped her carry water, chopfirer.vood and raise vegetables. Workers often havea hard job hauling a cart up a slope in the vicinity ofthe school. The students saw this and now they regular-ly lend a hand in the spirit of class brotherhsod.

They work hard and live a plain life. They lor,,emanual labour and display a self).ess spirit. In thethree years since the fournding ol the school, they haveperseveringly followed the road trarzelled by the formerAnti-Japanese Military and Potitical College. Theyhave themsehres compiled teaching ntaterial and usedsimple and improvised quarters and equipment fbrteaching and sl.udying. Just as ihe old Red Army mendid, they give one qnothcr hair-cuts and wash and mendtheir clothes anci r:epair their desks and seats. The roomof each teacher contains only a v,'ooden bed, a tableand a few stools. Teachers and students constantiyengage in productive labour, planting vegetables andraising pigs. As a result, not only have they becomeself-supporting but they have a surplus, without gettinga cent from the state this year.

The students trained in this school are good inideology, study, manual labour and ll'orking style.

One student named Cheng Wei-shih eame to theschool in 1966. After just ihree days she u,anted to gohome because she was not r,villing to do manual work.She said: "It is a shame to do manual work at school."When she took part in manual labour for the first time,she rvas assigned to carry tea bushes that had been cutdown. After she had moved just a few, her hands werecovered with blisters. When, on another occasion, shewent up into the mountains to chop firewood with theworkers and peasants, she only chopped seven kilo-grammes of v'ood the r.vhole morning while all theothers chopped a big load each. When she got back shedid not lvant to eat but, lying down, complained thather whole body ached. Classmates calied her the "de11-cate young lady."

However, after a period of education and temper-ing, a ren'rarkable change took place in her thoughts andfeelings. For instance, in the past, she used to holdher nose when, even at quite a distance, she saw a

peasant walking towards her with a load of nightsoil.Norvadays, with her classmates she herself often carriesnightsoil to the fields. When she s'ent home in April

this year after permission had been granted, her mothersaid: "Wei-shih, your brottrer has just come back lromthe army for a holiday. You nir-rst str:y ri home fora few days and keep him ccimpany. Don't do an;-- u.ork."The girl promised, but as soon as her nicl:hel left shejoined the cornmune mernbels at theil lvork. Peoplepraised her: "Wei-shih has made rapid plogr-ess siirceshe went to the tea-growing school. Sire is nor,v ableto do both mental and manual w-ork. She is really a

good student educated by Chailr:ran 1\,1ao."

Different schools train different people. The masses

of workers and peasants are ihe best .judges in tellingwhich graduate is good and which is noi. Both YtiChing-hung and her cousin are of poor peasant origin.After they had finished primary sehool, Yu Ching-hungentered the tea-growing middie school anrl her cousinentered an ordinary middie school. At that time theirpolitical levels were virtually identical. btit they haveturned into two quite different persons afier l:eing train-ed in these two different schools. Yu Ching-hung maderapid progress. She has been cited many times as anactivist in the creative study and application of NIaoTse-tung's thought and she has attended confeiences ofsuch activists held both by the plantation an<I county.She has boundless love for Chairman Mao ancl has oftensaid: "Chairman Mao is the saviour of us poor andlower-middle peasants. Everything we poor and lorver-middle peasants have, we owe to Chairman Mao. If itwere not for Chai.rrnan Mao leading'us to stand up and\e'in emancipation, how could I enter this school l Wemust never forget the past. I wili always be Loyai toChairman Mao and foilow hinr closely in making rev-olution !"

But what about her cousin? He also changed. Hewore better clothes and his skin became fairer'. Atfirst, when he came home, he did some manual work,but later he was reluctant to do this. Seeing the changesin the two, the villagers said: "The tea-growing schoolis reaily good. It is good for us poor and lower-midClepeasants. It didn't cost the state a cent and ttre studentsit turns out are good."

The students of the tea-growing school have notonly made great progress politically and ideoiogically,but have also rapidly increased their store of profes-sional knowledge. They have gained bottr theoreticalknowledge and the ability to do practical work. Beforeentering the school. they hardly knern' anything abouttea production. Now, they are proficient in the ',vholeprociuction process: including cultivation ol tea shr.ubs,manageinent of tea gardens, elimination oI plant diseasesand insect pests and the picking and preliminal'y pro-cessing of tea. Students enrolled in 1965 are notv ableto take part in planning tea gardens, designing prelimin-ary tea processing 'rvorkshops and installing machinery.They are much more capable than graduates of thesecondary tea-gro'*'ing technical schocis. The head ofthe present tea-grov;ing school is a lormer tea plarrta-tion technician from a poor peasant family. Shortly

8

after graduating in 1954 from the Central-South ChinaTea-Growing Technical School, he came to rvork inthe tea piantation. He compar:es himself with thestudents of tiie preseirt tea-gro.nving scl:ool: He camewitli some book knowledge. but was not able to cultivateor process tea, design tea processing vl'orkshops or insl.allmachinely. It rvas oirly 1ater, rn hen he followed Chair-man Mao's teachings, took the roaci of integrationwith the wr'rrkers and peasants, learni honestly fromthem and made a new start in studying through practice.that he gradually mastered the skiils required in teaprodu-ction and other reiated skilis. His rea] teachelsvi'ere the wolkers and peasants. He often refers to hisexperience, teliing everyone:'"The workers and peasautsare our p:rr-ents. They are ahvays our teachers. If rvewant to achierre some abiliiy in serving the people, wcmust follow Chairmar-r Mao's tear:hings, lake the in'orkelsand peasanl.s as our teachers:rird. take the road of inle-grating oulsi-ivi.s with thern."

Praising the students of this school. the 1ocal poo;and lo,wer-middle peasants say: "They are trtrly ourstudents. Such ;ro,-rngsters are indeec pi'actical andreliable anC our minds can be at ease aboi-rt theml"People in trany places in the county often ask lhe schr;riiu,hen it w-jll ent'ol nern, studepts. Man5, poor and lorvr:r--rrriddle peasants want to send their children to stndvthere.

Chairn-ran NIao teaches us: "The period of schoolingshould lre shortened, education should be revolutionized,and the dornination of our schools by bourgeois inteliec-tuals slioulci by no nreans be ailowed to continue."

Recently. Chairman Mao again penetratingly point-ed otit: "To accornplish the proletarian revolution ineducation, it is essential to have working class leader-ship; the masses of workers must take part in this rev-olution and, in co-operation with Liberation Army fight-ers, form a revolutionary three-in-one combination w'iththe activists among the students, teachers and rvorkersin schcols and colleges, who are determined to earrythe proletarian revolution in education through to theend, The workers' propaganda teams shoultl stay per-manently in the sehools and colleges, take part in allthe tasks of struggle-criticisrr-transformation there andrvill ah';ays lead these institutions. In the counttyside,schools and colieges should be managed by the poor andlower-middle peasants - the most reliable ally of theg,orking class."

The experience of the Wukou Part-Time Tea-Grorning and Part-Time Study Middle School inWu-vuan Corinty has proved the greatness and briliianceof these in.structions from Chairman Mao. It has alsop;'cved that the establishment of such ne\v-typ€ schoolsia-rtegr'ating theory with practice

- schools advocatedby Chairman Mao

- can completely be realized. Arising tide of revolution in education is coming throilgh-out the countly!

(Otiainallit pu,blirshed tn "Hangqi," No. 4, 1968)

Peldng Rexiew, Nt:. 44

Peoso fit - Cotrfege Ste,*deff?t - FeassnE

- PeEsont-lnte!lecfuol Li Won-hsi

nUR great leader Chairman Mao pointed out in av rece.nt directive on educational revolution:"students should be selected from among workers andpeasants with praetical experience, and they shouldreturn to production after a few years' study." This isexactly the bright road taken b,y Li Wan-hsi, one ofthe leaders of the Dijiutun Production Brigade. Tou-baihu People's Commune. Huaian County, Hopei Prov-ince.

Li Wan-hsi, son of a lower-middle peasant, com-pleted his primary school education in July 1954 andthen, in response to Chairman Mao's call, returned tohis village to do farm work. He became quite a skiileCfarmer. In July 1960 the people's commune recommend-ed him for a course of study in Hopei Agriculturall-Iniversity.

As he made his way from his native mountainviilage, the poor and lower-middle peasants, sayinggoodbye to him in hamlet after hamlet, admonishedhim again and again: "Wan-hsi. it is Chairman Maou,ho gives you this opportunity to go to college. Youmust live up to his expectations!"

Li entered the university with proletarian feelingsof boundless loyalty to Chairman Mao and a resolve todedicate himself to the building of a new. socialist coun-tryside.

Hopei Agricultural Universitv enrolled 60 pe,asant

students that year. But, victims of the revisionist educa-tional line of China's Khrushchov, 36 of the peasant

students were forced to leave the university when theyfailed a difficult examination in 1962. With only aprimary school education. Li too naturally faced manydifficulties. Feeling hard-pres-<ed ar:d hesitating wheth-er to eonl.ii-rue his str,rdies or le:-rrre the university, her,;ro'ie to the Par'tv branch in his village and to hisfeilorn, poor and lol..rer-mic1d1e pe:-'isants to asi< foraclvice. Thev replicd: "Ycr-i "qhoulcl live up to the ex-pcctaticns of Ch:rirman l\{ao a.nd of us por:r and lor,ver-middle peasa,nis. S.{and up tr: tl.e difficulties ltott,evergleat!" This enr:ouraged and steeled his dete::roination.I{e persi:;ted in his str-rclies an.d. alo:-rg rvith his class-:rates, arming theiaseh;es rvith &Iao Tse-tung's thought,

Nooember 1, 1968

fought the revisionist educational system, and the coptent and methods of teaching.

lntegroting With the Poor ond Lower-Middle Peoscnts

Chairman Mao teaches usl .'All intellectuals whocan w'ork in the countryside should be happy to gothere, Our countryside is vast and has plenty of roomfor them to develop their talents to the full.,' Li Wan-hsi completed his college studies in 1964 and returnedhome to resume his peasant life in accordance with thisgreat teaching of Chairman Mao's.

Though he had resisted and fought the revision-ist line on education in the university, the comfortablelife led there had nevertheless had a harmful effect onLi's ideology. Back i.n the viliage, he joined in the farmwork every day but he was not so stout-hearted at workas before. Once, when preparing manure, the other com-mune members stood riglht in the muck and got on withthe job without fuss. But Li stood at the edge of themanure pit, now and again throwihg in a spadeful ofearth or a bundle of straw. He was scared of get-ting dorn,n into the muck. Seeing this, some shook theirheads and said: "A colle'ge graduate like him can't holdout long dolng farm rvork." The class enemy also seized

this chance to spread rumours about him. One bad egg

even $rrote sorre improvised verses against him.

One e..rening, an old poor peasant eame to Li Warl'hsi's home to have a chat and said to him: "Wan-hsi,yoLl are a son of us poon and lortrer-middle peasants. Itwas only w,ith Chairman Mao's support that you wereable to go to the university. You shouldn't forget thiswhen you have got a bit of learning."

After the old man ieft, Li Wan-hsi, deepiy moved,

thought over his advice. Since coming back to theviiiage, he had indeed in many w-ays shorn'n himselfdifferent from the poor and lolver-middle peasants. He

lvore better clothes than they. In doing farm u'r:rk he

prefei'r"ed the light tasks and shirked the heavy. l{ewas afraid of gelting his clothe.s dirty or his shoes rn'et.

'ffiih these prob.iems in mincl. Li seriously studied

Chairman ftIao's rvr.irks. Chairn-ran &[ao has taught us

that "the lvorkers and peasants rilere the clearest peo-ple and" even though their hands u,ere -qciled and theirfeet smeared with cow-dung, they were really rieanerthan the bourgeois and petty-bourgeois intelEectrrals."These words made Li realize that he 'ffas atraid of dirtbecause he had filthy bourgeois ideas, and that if hedid not make a reaL efiort to remould hi:rnself, to over-come these bourgeois ideas, he could noi be,corne e suc-cessor to the revclutionary cause of the proletariat, blttcould become an "intellectual aristocrat" divorced frompolitics, from reality and from the masses.

From then on, he tnade up his mind to stop actinglike a college graduate and to be one with the poor andlower-middle peasants in ideas and sentiments. He wasdetermined to learn from the poor and lorver-middlepeasants' nobie qualities of boundiess loyalty to Chair-man &Iao and their revolutionary spirit of wholehearteddedication to the pubiic interest. In doing farm'r,ork, hea'ro longer feared dirt or. fatigue. He went whereverwork hands were needed and r,vhere conditions lverehard.

At this time, he and other commune members '*'ereassigned io haul out hemp which had been soaking ina pit of rvater. He was the first to jump into the muddypit and he worked with a will, without a thought aboutthe smell and dirt in the \e'ater.

One day in early April 1965, he and some fellcwcommune members were breaking the ice in the riverpreparatory to leading off rvater to irrigate their farm-land when a dam suddenly sprang a leak. The oommunemembers tried, but failed to plug the hole with earth.Prompted by Chairman Mao's teaching on serving thepeople wholly and entirely, Wan-hsi plunged into theicy water in his bulky ootton-padded clothes and filledthe breach with hi's body. Pressing down four strawmats as a base for the earth the c.ommu{re memberswere piling on, he was soon numb with cold. His.legswere battered by bloeks of ice but he wouldn't retreat.He kept shouting with his colleagues as they quoted toencourage themselves: "Be resolute, fear no sacrificeand surmount every difficulty to u'in victory!" Aftera half-hour battle, the breach rvas repaired. IUuchmoved, the poor and lower-middle peasants said: "Thisyoungster has not forgotten what he rvas. Wan-hsitakes the same road as we do!"

Scientific Experiments Linking Theory With Proctice

Li's home village had long suffered from un-favourable natural conditions. Its main crops are maize,millet and kaoliang (sorghum), but the yields ot all ofthese were 1ow. After returning to the village, Liracked his brains over the problems of how to raisebigger crops by irrcreasing yields and build a new,socialist countryside faster.

In the spring of 1965, with the supp,ort and helpof the Party branch, he organized a scientific experi-mental group made up of veteran farmers, young peo-ple and cadres. The first thing they did was to studythis teaching of Chairman Mao's: "Man has.constantly

t0

to sum up exr?erience and go on discoveri:rg, inventing,creating and advancing." They resolved to try cross-ing good loca] varieties of food planis with those fromother places to develop beiter strains giving biggeryields.

Combining the views of the poor and lcwer-middlepeasants and his orvn experience in production u'iththe scientific knorvledge he had acquired in college,Li Wan-hsi proposecl an experiment in doirbl.e-erossbreeding of maize. But the books said that in makingexperiments in double crossing no maize should be

sown within 300 metres of the experimental plot, other-rvise, e-ccidental poilination might result when the maizewas in flower. Horv should they solve this prcblem?"The masses are the real heroes." The poor and lower-middle peasants p{:oposed early sovring o{ the double-cross breed experimental maize. This would ensurethat the time of {iowering of the rnaize on the experi-mental plot and other piots r,vould not be the same.

With this problem solved, the experiment were even-tually successful.

At the same time the group made experimentscomparing 14 varieties of mil1et frorn other places andfound that some of them yield more than loca1 varieties.

Maize root-t'orm is the most damaging pest inthe area. Since it is resistant to the arsenolite whichhad beear used locally for many yeers, Li Wan-hsi ex-perimented with benzene hexachloride. But this killedboth insects and crop. The class enemy seized theoccasion to scoff: "With Wan-hsi, the expert spoilerin charge, the villagers will have nothing to eat!"Li Wan-hsi did not give up. Together with r,'eteranfarmers he continued experimenting until they finallydevised a mixture of benzene hexachloride and othersubstances that poisoned the root-worms. This did noharm to the crop but 'was very effective against thepest.

By integrating himself rvith the poor and lower-miCdle peasants and linking theory with practice,Li Wan-hsi has achieved successes in his agriculturalscientific experiments. As a result of improvementsin agricultural teehniques and the hard work of thecommune members, the output of the three main localcrops -maize, mitlet and kaoliang (sorghum) - hasbeen increased more than fourfold compared with threeyears ago. Li Wan-hsi has also trained more than 130

agro-technicians for the people's commune. The poorand lolver-middle peasants said happily: "Combiningscientific knowledge with our own experience givesfine results!"

Forged qnd Motured in Closs Struggle

Tested in the three great revolutionary movementsof class struggle, the struggle for production andscienti{ic experiment, Li Wan-hsi has won ihe trustof the poor and iower-middle peasants and been electedleader of his production brigade. Since assuming hispost, he has firmly grasped the most fundamental of allthe many tasks in daily work - he puts the creative

Peking Reuiew, ItIo. C4

study and application of Chairman Mao's works in firstp1ace. He enthusiastically propagates Mao Tse-tungisthought, and has thus v"'on the support and help of thepoor and lower-middle peasants.

But the class enemies regard him as a thorn intheir flesh. In the great cultural revolution, the feilowwho did his best to r,rock and attack Li when he firstcame back to the village, managed to instigate somemisguided people to put up big-character postersdemanding that Li Wan-hsi be overthrown. Li did. notwaver for a moment in face of this attack by the

class enemy. The poor and lower-middle peasantsbacked him up firmly. "Wan-hsi," they said, "standyour ground! Even if the sky falls down we'lI stand byyou!" Inspired by Chaiiznan Mao's teaching: "It is goodif we are attacked by the enemy, since it proves that wehave drawu a clear iine of dema,rcation between theenerny and ourselves," and shoulder to shoulder with thepoor and lor,ver-middle peasants, Li Wan-hsi battledresolutely against the class enemies. In these struggieshe himseif was forged into a stauncher peasant-inte11ectual.

lnU mprecederatedHy HxceEEerat Situtrtios'!

CE,nimo's Grest Pnoletcrism

Cultur0l Revolutiom?his is the second and eoncluding instalment of

the arti.cle. The first instalm,ent appeared i.n our last(No.43) issue. - Ed.

Moo Tse-tung's Thought Hqs Been Populorized on onUnprecedented Scole, Choirmon Moo's Revolution-ory Line Hos Been lrnplonted in People's Minds, ond

Brqnd-New Chonges Hove Token Ploce in theOutlook of the People

UR great leader Chairman l\llao teaches us: Politicsis the eornmander, the saul in everything.

Viee-Chairman Lin Piao points out: "We must letthe hundreds of millions of the people grasp MaoTse-tung's thought, put Mac Tse-tung's thought in oe-cupation of all ideological positions and use MaoTse-tung's thought to transform the outiook of thewhole society."

The great proletarian cultural revolution hasstirred the proletarian sentiments of the revolutionarymasses in their hundr'eds of millions - their boundlesslove and esteem for, boundless faith in and boundlessloyalty to the great leader Chairman Mao. Activi.tiesexpressing boundless 1o1r311, to Ch-airrnan Mao, to MaoTse-tung's thought and to Chairman Mao's revolutionaryline are being widely carried out throughout the nation.From snorv-bound vastnesses and forest expanses tofrontier regions and off-shore islands, from the citiesto remotest mounta.i.n rrillages, the revolutionary peo-p1e of ali nationalities have hung portraits of Chai::manMao in their homes and covered the walls with quota-tions from Chairman Mao. Every day they read thetreasured u.'orks of Chairman l,llao and sing revolu-tionar3r sonp;s. Conseientiously str"rdying and applyingChairman Mao's works and his iatest instructions, they

Nottertber 1, 1968

have carried the greatstudy and applicationnew stage.

mass movement for the creativeof Mao Tse-tung's thought to a

'Chairman Mao teaches: "Running study classes isa good method and many problems can be solved inthern." The whole nation, from the national down to thegrass-roots levels, is making a big effort running MaoTse-tung's thought study classes of all types, not onlyin faetories, schools and colleges, government and stateorgans and P.L.A. companies, but also in neighbourhoodgroups and famiiies. Many white-haired elders andteenagers have become study class activists. TakingChairman Mao's latest instructions as their guiding prin-ciple in these classes, the broad revolutionary .masses

and revolutionary cadres fight seif and repudiate revi-sionism and continuously ra"ise their lerzel of conscious-ness in class struggle and the struggle between the twolines. They have turned their study classes into "fur-naces" for tempering their boundless loyalty to Chair-man Mao, into ciassrooms for implementing ChairmanMao's latest instructions and into battiefields for earry-ing out rer;olutionary rnass criticism and launchingfierce attachs against the class enemies.

The wide popularization of Mao Tse-tung's thoughtgives a great impetus to people's ideological revolution-ization. Using the "thrree constantly read articles" as

their maxims, the revolutionary, masses consciously putthe elimination of self-interest and the fostering ofpublic interest on the plane of the struggle between thetlvo lines and carry the revolution into the depth oftheir being. Foliowing the exampies of Li Wen-chung,"Model in Heip,ing the Left anri Cherisiring the Peop1e,"

and Comrarie Men Ho, "Good Cadre Boundlessly Loyalto Chairman 1\1[ao's Revolutionary Line," they displaya dauntless spirit and defend Chairman Mao's revolu-

11

tionary line and Mao Tse-tung's thought in actior-r ever:at the cost of their 1ives. The spring bleeze oi .Mao

Tse-tung's thought has reached into all families and anew sbcialist practice is being vigorously develcped.

The Working Closs Hos Stepped sn to theStcge of Struggle-Criticism-Trqnsfornnfition

ln the Superstructure

The great leader Chairrnan Mao has called on usto "Carry out the tasks of struggle-critieism-transforma-tion conscientiously." He has also pointed out:"Strugele-criticism-transformation in a factory, on theu'hole, goes througb the following stages: establishinga three-in-one revolutionary committee; carrying outmass criticism and repudiation; purifying the classranks; consolitlating the Party organization; and sim-plitying the administrative structure, changing irrationalrules and regulations and sentling office workers to theworkshops."

The universal establishment of revolutionary com-mittees in the various provinces, municipalities andautonomous regions across the land marks the entranceof the whole movement of ihe great proletarian culturalrevolution into the stage of struggle-criticism-transfor-mation on a nationwide scale. Acting in accordancewith Chairman Mao's teachings, the revolutionarymasses on ali fronts are conscientiously carrying outthe tasks of struggle-criticism-transformation. On thebasis of deep-going revoiutionary mass criticism andrepudiatlon, they are purifying the class ranks, reform-ing education, literaiure and art and all parts of thesuperstructure that do not conform with the soeialisteconornic base, changing irrational rules and regula-tions, merging offices, reducing the nurnber of per-sonnel and strengthening the front-line of production.

During this great high tide of struggle-criticism-transformation, the working class, as the main foree,has mounted the stage of struggle-criticism-transforma-tion in the superstructure; it is promoting the revolutionin education and struggle-criticism-transformation in allsplreres of the superstruciure. This is Chairman l\llao,sgrr:at strategic pian. It is a great revolutionarT crealionand embodies the great historic mission of the workingcIass.

Chairman Mao says; "Our country has ?00 rnillionpeople, and the working class is the leading class. Itis essential to bring into full play the leading role ofthe working class in the great cultural revolution andin all fields of lvork. On its part, the rvorking ctrassshould always raise its political consciousness in the€ourse of struggle."

The working class is most far-sighted, most selflessand most thoroughly revolutionary. Drawing a clear-cut line of distinction between what it loves and vrhatit hates, -it is most loyal to Chairman Mao, has thedeepest love for the socialist cause and the deepesthatred for a1l counter-revolutionary words and deedsthat oppose sccialism and Mao Tse-tung's thought. Theworking class has the richest fund of practical ex-

12

perience in the three great revolutionary movements ofclass struggle, the siruggle for production and scientificexperiment. The practice of the great cultural revolu*tion has proved that the revoh-rtion in education andthe siruggle-criticism-transformation in all spheres o{the superstructure cannot be accomplished by relyingsolely on students and intellectuals; it is essential tohave the participation of the worker ma-qses and touphold working-class leadership. Only by so doing canwe ensure that every militant order from the proletarianheadquarters is promptly carried out.

Recently, large numbers of Mao Tse-tung's thoughtpropaganda teams formed in all parts of the countrywith the industrial workers as the main body and withthe partieipation of P.L.A. commanders and fightershave, in a planned way and with leadership, enteredschools and colleges and all units where struggle-criti-cism-transformation has not been carried out well,They are giving leadership to the educational revolu-tion in schools and colleges and to struggle-criticism-transformation in all spheres of the superstructure. Theyare making big efforts to propagate Mao Tse-tung'sthought and forcefully spur the victorious developmentof the revolutionary great alliance, the revolutionary"three-in-one" combination and struggle-criticism-trans-formation in these units. As a result, many long-standing and difficult problems have been solved anda vigorous revolutionary atmosphere prevaiis. AII thisfuliy demonstrates the tremendous power of the work-ers' Mao Tse-tung's thought propaganda teams whichare a new creation.

Chairman Mao teaches us: "The majority or thevast majority of the students ttained in the old schoolsand colleges can integrate themselves with the workers,peasants and soldiers, and some have made inventionsor innovations; they must, however, be re-educated bythe workers, peasants and soldiers under the guidanceof the correct line, and thoroughly ehange their oldideology, Sueh intellectuals will be welcomed by theworkers, peasants and soldiers."

After seizlng political power, the proletariat mustremould intellectuals according to its or.l,n image andbuiid up a contingent of proletarian intellectuals serv-ing the interests of the proletariat. This is essential inconsolidating and developing the dictatorship of theproletariat and preve'nting a capitalist restoration; itis essential in oiriler that the proletariat shall establisha eompletely dominant position in a1l fields of ideologyand culture. In building such a contingent of protre-tarian intellectuals, it is imperative to. carry out athoroughgoing proletarian revolution in education,take the revolutionary road of training technical per-sonnel and other intellectuals from among the workers,peasants and soldiers and select students from amongthe workers, peasants aard Liberation Army fighterswith practical experience in production. Meanwhile, itis also essential to re-educate the large numbers of in-tellectuals trained in the oId schools and colleges inthe past and to win over and unite w*ith the broadmasses of intellectuals. lntellectuals can make their con-

Peking Retsiew, No. 44

tributions in serving the workers, peasants and solcliersonly when they advance along Chairman Mao,s prole-tarian revolutionary line, recelve re-edueation from theworkers, peasants and soldiers and integrate with them,completely wipe out the pernicious irfluence of China,sKhrushchov's revisionist line on edncation andthoroughly repudiate and make constani efforts tochange the old bourgeois ideas which they have broughtwith them from their famiiies a,nd schools.

The great proletarian cultural revoiution hasopened up broader prospects for the inteliectuals to in-tegrate themselves with the workers, peasants and so1-diers, remould their world outlook and serve the peo-ple stili better. The working class stepping or-: to thestage of struggle-criticism-transformation in the super-structure has ushered in a new phase in the proletarianrevolution in education. This will certainly acceieratethe process by which China's working class remouldsthe intellectuals according to its olvn image.

Gqred ond Fostered by Conrrade Chiang Ching,Splendid Works of Art Shining With the Brillience of

Mco Tse-tung's Thought Have Been Creoied onThe Literory snd Art Front

The great proletarian cnltural revolution hassmashed the sinister counter-revolutionary revisionistline on literature and art backed by China's Khrushchovand has upheld Chairman Mao's proletarian revohition-ary line on literature and art. Guided by ChairmanNlao's revolutionary line on literature and art and underthe direet care of and nurtured by Comrade ChiangChing, revolutionary artists have created the flne rev-olutionary modern Peking operas The Red Lantern,Taki.ng the Bandi,ts' Stronghold, Shach.iapang, On theDocks and Raid otu the White Ti,get Regiment. the rerr-olutionary modern ballets Tl'te Red Detachment at Wo-men and The White-Haired Girl and the revolutionarysymphonic work Shochiapang. These have all beenwarmly welcomed and highly praised by the worker,peasant and soldier masses of China. In the rvake ofthese eight model revolutionary theatrical works, twomore gems of proletarian revol-uitionary art were bornthis year-the piano musjc TIt.e Red Lantern. withPeking opera singing and the revolutionary oil paint-ing Chai.rman Mao Goes to Aizguan. Glittering with theradiance of Mao Tse-tung's iircught, these model rev-olutionary theatrical wolks ;rnd this revolutionary oilpainting, new in content and artistically of a highstandard, mark the start of a new epoch of China,sproletarian literature and art in which a hundredflowers are blossoming. They usher in a new era ofgrowth in the world's new, proletarian literature andart.

Thriving Situqtion in Chino's lndustriol ondAgriculturol Froduction

The great leader Chairman Mao teaches us: Rev-olution means liberating the productive forces andpromoting their growth. "Grasp revolution and pro-mote production."

NLtxember 1, 1968

The upsurge in revolution promotes the upsurge inproduction. During the great proletarian cultural rev-olution, the great thought of Mao Tse-tung has furtherarmed the hundreds of miltions of the people andspeed.ed up people's ideological revolutionization. Atrerr:e.nCous spiritual force has been transformed intoan enormous material force, and a thriving situationhas emerged in China's industrial and agriculturalprocluction.

On the industrial front, full of a high sense of rev-oiutionary responsibility and political enthusiasrrr stem-ming from the reaiization that .'the urorking elass is theleading class," the revolutionary workers and staff havevigorousiy grasped revolution and promoted production.A large number of industrial and mining enterprisesin Peking. Shanghai and other cities have increasedoutput rnonth by month and many factories have creat-ed ner,l.' production records.

iVIany rvorkers-turned-technicians, young revolu-tior:ary teehnical personnel and revolutionary cadres oftlie Shangl-iai Machir-re Tools Plant are scaling newheights in technology. In the tirst half of 1968 alone,the;, sr-iccessfr-rlly trial produced ten new types of preci-sion grinders, four of vrhich were on an advanced inter-national level. The speed with which these were madeancl theil quaiity are both unprecedented in this plant.

Follcrving Chairman Mao's great teachings, "Doaway with all fetishes and superstitions and emancipatethe mind" and "catch up with and surpass advancedwo,rkl level5," Qhin6's iron and steel workers havevigorously thrown off the fetters of the "philosophy ofcrarr;ling" pushed by China's Khrushchov, shatteredforeign stereotypes and dogmas, and greatly improvedthe querlity and increased the output and number ofvarieties of steel ingots and rolled steel. In the firstthree quarters of this year, the Anshan Iron and SteelCompany alone introduced 1,000 technical innovationsand tulned out many nelv varieties of rolled steel ur-gently needed by the state. In Shanghai's steel plants,output of steel ingots and rolled steel rose steadilyq'uarter by quarter. These plants. while successfullytrial producing a batch of important new products, havealso raised the quality of many products to the world'sadrranced levels.

Since the start of this year, reports of new successesharre continued to come in from the nation's coal in-dustrS'. A succession of new produetion records andtechnical innovations have been reported. Comparedwith April, the average daily output of coal increased inAugust by 39 per cent. Marked increases were alsorecolded in derrelopment and tunnel-driving.

ln 1968, nerv peak production levels have beencreated in the textile industries of Peking. Shanghai,Tientsin and the provinces of Hopei, Shantung, Kiangsiand Heilungkiang. These account for nearly one halfoI China's textile capacity.

Te.sted in the class struggle. China's rural people'scommunes are bettel consolidated and stronger than

IJ

ever before. On the agricultural front, a vigoi:ousupsurge in grasping revolution and promoting produc-tion has taken shape. Besolutely responding to Chair-man Mao's great teaching, "In agriculture, learn fromTachai," and carrying forward the revolutionary spiritoJ hard work and self-reliance, China's hundreds ofmiilions of poor and lorver-middle peasants and ruralrevolutionary cadres, while struggling against the classenemies, have at the same time heroically and tenaci-ously overcome aratural calamities and all sorts of dif-ficuities in produetion. In the wake of the bumperharvests of the past few years, they have againreaped rich harvests of summer crops and early ricethis year. Auturnn crops are everywhere growing welland in certain districts prospects are the best for manyyears. Another rich harvest has been won in suchcrops and farm products as grain, cotton, cured tobacco,bast fibre, tea, fruit and silkworm cocoons.

China has made tremendous achievements in scien-tific research and in its national defence industriesdr-rring the great proletarian cultural revolution. We notonly have the atom bomb and guided missile, but thehydrcgen bomb as well. Armed wi.th Mao Tse-tung,sthought, the Chinese people have enormous creativepowers and they will continue to scale new heights inscience and technology and perform earth-shakingmiracles.

On the basis of the vigorous development of indus-tqial and agricultural production, prioes remain stableand markets are brisk all over the country. There arethriving scenes everywhere.

The deep and far-reaching influence exercised. by

|he ereat proletarian eultural revolution in every field

is just being revealed. Ttris will ertainly create therequisite conditions Ior China's new industrial revolu-tion and bring about a still bigger leap forward in thework of socialist cnonstruction

The Brilliont Achieyements of the Greot ProletorionCulturol Revolution Are o Greot Victory of

Chsirmon Moo's Reyolutionory Line

Vice-Chairman Lin Piao says: "Al1 our achieve-ments and successes are gained under the brilliantIeadership of Chairman Mao and are victories of MaoTse-tung's thoughl"

Reviewi.ng the militant c:ourse of the great proleta-rian cuitural revolution in the past two years and more,we deeply realize that every one of our achievementsshines with the thought of Mao Tse-tung. AiI of oursuccesses are the great fruits of all-round implementa-tion of Chairman Mao's latest instructions and of res-olutely carrying out the militant orders of the prole-tarian headquarters headed by Chairman Mao and withVice-Chairman Lin Piao as its deputy leader.

"Sailing the seas depends on the helmsrnan; mak-ing revolution depends on Mao Tse-tung's thought."Ttris is an incontrovertible truth.

Holding high the great red banns of MaoTse-tung's thought the hundreds ol millions of revolu-tionary people oI the country are now united morefirmly than ever before around the proletarian hea&quarters headed by Chairman Mao and with Vice-Chairman Lin Piao as its deputSr leader, and are forg-ing ahead to win all-round victory in the great prole-tarian cultural revolution.

dictatorship over the reactionaries and bad elements orto remould them effectively; they will eontinue to maketrouble and may stage a come-back."

This teaching of Chairman Mao's most penetrating-ly and profoundly expounds the relationship between

Repudisting China's Khrushchsv

The Dictotorship of the Fnoletariqt

Is Dictotorship by the Msssesby Proletorisn Revolutionsries of the Politicsl Academy of

The Chinese People's Liberotion Army

flIIR great leader Chairman Mao teaches us: ..Without\-/ broad democracy for the people, it is impossiblefor the dictatorslrip of the proletariat to be consolidatedor for politicel nlolver to be stable. Without dem*cracy,without areusing the masses and without supervisionby the masses, it is impossible to exerrise effective

14 Peking Ret:ietx, No. 44

proletarian democrary and the dictatorship of the pro-letariat. With geaitrs and creat!./'ely, Chairman Maohere sets forth the theory of dictatorship exercised bythe masses under the leadership of the proletarian po-litical party. This has greatly enriched and developedthe Marxist-Leninist theory of the state.

Proctising Democrocy Towords the People ondExercising Dictotorship Over the Enemy

Chairman Mao teaches us: "During the historicalperiod of socialism it is necessary to ma,intain the die-iatarship of the proletariat and carry the socialist rev-olution through to the end if the restoration of capital-ism is to be prevented, socralist construction cariedfarward and the eond,itions ercated for the transition tocommrrnistn-

This wise thesis of Chairman Mao's has been fullyborne out by the historical experience of the dictator-ship of the proletariat.

The dictatorship of the proletariat and the dicta-torship of the bourgeoisie are both dictatorships ex-ercised by one class over another. But the dictatorshipof the proletariat is the revolutionary dictatorship ex-ercised by the proletariat and the broad masses of thepeople over the bourgeoisie and all other exploitingclasses. It is the dictatorship exercised by the over-whelming majority over a smdl minority. On the con-trary, the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie is a counter-revolutionary dictatorship exercised by the bourgeoisieover the proletariat and the broad masses of the people.It is a dictatorship exercised by a small minority overiirc overrvhelming majority.

Referring to this question not long ago, Chairmani\{ao pointed out profoundly: "To protect the naasses or[o repress them - here is the basic distinction betweenthe Comrnunist Party and the Kuomintang, between theproletariat and the bourgeoisie, and between the dic-tatorship of the proletariat and the dictatorship of thebourgeoisie."

The dietatorship of the proletariat and proletariandemoeracy form a unity of opposites. Democracy oper-ates within the ranks of the people, while dictatorshipis exercised over the enemies of the people; the unityof contradiction of these two aspects is the dictatorshipof the proletariat. To rely on the masses of the peopleand to strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat aretwo sides of one and the same question. Proletariandemocracy cannot, in any sense, be set absolutely againstthe dictatorship of the proletariat or confused withbourgeois democracy.

Representing the interests of imperialism, the Kuo-niintang reactionaries, the bourgeoisie, and the land-ior<ls, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad ele-ments ancl Rightists, China's Khrushctrov wildly oppos-

Naae*tber I, f968

ed the dictatgrship of the proletariat. He babbled aboutthe "democratic spirit" being tantamount to the "spiritof complete equality for all mankind" and "no man hasthe right to oppress or exploit another." With ulteriornrotives, he set democracy absoh-rtely against dictator-ship and confused proletarian democracy with bour-geois democracy.

Is the "democratic spirit" the "spirit of completeequality for all mankind"? In class soeiety, there is cnlydemocrae;r in the concrete sense, class democracy, andthere has never been an abstract "spirit of completeequality for all mankind," which transcends classes.This so-called "spirit of complete equality for all man-kind" is a trick played by the bourgeoisie to deceive theworking people and cover up the bloody rule of capital-ism.

As Lenin pointed out, bourgeois democracy is'aestrieted, truneated, false and hypoeritical, a paradisefor the rich and a snare and deception for the exploited,for the poor," whereas proletarian democracy "will forthe first time create democracy for the people, for themajority, along with the necessary suppression of theminority - the exploiters."

When there is democracy for the bourgeoisie thereis no democracy for the proletariat, and vice versa.There has never been "democracy" which ensures t'com-

plete equality for all mankind." In advocating the"democratic spirit," China's Khrushchov was actuallyadvertising bourgeois democracy.

"No man has the right to oppress or exploit an-other." This is utter humbugl Without oppressing andexploiting the proletariat and other working people, thebourgeoisie cannot exist for a single day. Before theproletariat and other working people can be emancipa.ted,the proletariat must smash the bourgeois state apparatusby violence, rely on the strength of protretarian politicalpower to seize the means of production from the bour-geoisie and put down the resistance of the bourgeoisie.Kindness to the enemy is cruelty to the people. If youdo not oppress the exploiting classes, they will olpressyou. In advocating "no otrrprassion," China's Khrushchovwas in fact trying to abolish the dictatorship of theproletariat.

Negating the fundamental difference between pro-letarian democracy and bourgeois democracy is a featurecommon to all counter-revolutionary revisionists. Kaut-sky, the rank seab of the Second International, hoistedthe threadbare flag of "pure democracy" to prettifyimperialism and cover up the festering sores of capital-ism. Khrushchov, the arch renegade f::om the interna-tional eonrrnunist movement, put up the signboard of"democracy for the entire people" to cover up the ruleof the new aristo€rats in the Soviet Union, and thus

restored capitalism in the country where the dictatorshipof the proletariat was first established. China's Khru-

I5

shchov, Kautsky and Khrushchov are jackals from ihesame lair.

The Mosses Are the Source of Strength of theProletorion Dictotorship

Dictatorship by the masses has been a consistentldea of our great leader Chairman \{ao. Shortly aftert.Le founding of New China, he pointed out that, in thework of suppressing counter-revolutionaries, it wasnecessary to combat working behind elosed doors andin a "mysterious" way, and instructed that securitycommittees should be organized by the masses through-out the country.

Since 195?, Chairman Mao has pointed out againand again that in the work of suppressing counter-rev-olutionaries and in public security work it is necessaryto rely on the masses, mobilize them fully and carry outthe mass line,

In 1962, in his speech at a 7,000-strong rally, Chair-man Mao profoundly expounded the great significanceof the exercise of dictatorship by the masses.

In 1965, Chairman Mao made mobilization of themasses to supervise the class enemies conscientiouslyand remould them on the spot one of the criteria foriudging whether the socialist education movement wasbeing conclucted well.

Dui-ing the great proletarian cultural revolution,Chairman Mao pointed out again with deep wisdom thatdictatorship meant dictatorship by the masses.

These brilliant ideas of Chairman Mao's have great-ly enriched and developed the Marxist-Leninist theorysf the dictatorship of the proletariat,

Taking the counter-revolutionary revisionist stand,China's Khrushchov openly opposed Chairman Mao'sall-illuminating idea of dictatorship by the masses. Hebabbled: "Do not let the masses deal as they like withcounter-revolutionaries and criminal offenders." "Thesecurity and judicial organs alone can be depended onto deai with them." He did his utmost to advocate close-doorism aud working in a "mysterious" way.

Under the leadershlp of the Communist Party, themasses are the source of strength of the di.ctatorship ofthe proletariat. The dictatorship of the proletariat can-not be made effective by depending solely on the pubrlicsecurity organs and without the dir.ect participation ofthe masses of the revolutionar.y peopie.

Only by relying on the working class. the poor andlower-middle peasants and the revolutionary masses, isit possible for the dictatorship of the proletariat, u.nderthe leader.shtp of ttre Party, to consolidate the u,orker-peasant alliance, effectively put down sabotage and dis-turbances by domestic and foreign class enemies, def,eat

16

the attacks of the bourgeoisie, overcome the spontaneousforces of capitalism, consolidate and develop t.l.e social-ist .economy and build China into a great socialistcountry.

Since the founding of New China, the land reform,the suppression of counter-revolutionaries and thestruggle against the Rightists, all led by our great leaderChairman Mao, were vigorous revolutionary mass move-ments in which dictatorship was exercised by the massesand one victory after another was won.

The historical experience of the dictatorship of theproletariat proves that after the proletariat has seizedpolitical power, class struggle, far from coming to anend, becomes more widespread, acute and complex. Theoverthrown exploiting classes are not reconciled to de-feat. They engage in sabotage and make trouble in allkinds of ways, and, in particular, do all they can to findagents inside the Communist Party to achieve their aimof restoring capitalism,

Chairman Mao teaches us that, under the dictator-ship of the proletariat, the main targets of revolutionare the representatives of the bourgeoisie who havesneaked into the organs of the dictatorship of the pro-letariat, are the handful of Party persons in authoritytaking the capitalist road.

Since they are counter-revolutionary double-dealerswho wave "red flags" to oppose the red flag and formthe bourgeois headquarters hidden inside the organs ofthe dictatorship of the proletariat, it is all the morenecessary for the masses to be fully mobilized and thatdictatorship be exercised by the masses in order to ferretthem out of their hiding places.

The great and unprecedented proletarian culturairevolution is a most extensive and deep-going revolu-tionary mass movement under the dictatorship of theproletariat. Guided by Mao Tse-tung's thought, themasses of the people in their hundreds of millions havecreated an extensive socialist democracy never beforeknown and given great play to the might of the dicta-torship exercised by the masses. They smashed thecriminal conspiracy of the handful of Party capitalistroaders represented by China's Khrushchov to restolecapitalism, and have greatiy consolidated and strength-ened the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The exercising of dictatorship by the masses doesnot reduce the roie of the security and judicial org.lns.During the entire historical period of socialism, ourorgans of dictatorship should not be rveakened butshould be strengthened. However, such specialized or-gans can be effective only rvhen they rely on the masses.

By opposing the exercise of dictatorship by themasses and advocating "depend?nce on the securit)' and

(Continued on p. 30.)

Peking Reuieu, No- 44

Soviet-Czechoslovok Treoty LegolizesTronsformotion of Czechoslovskis lnto

Revisionist ColonySoviet

- Excerpts from an

The Czechoslovok people,revisionist oggressors' treoty,ogoinst foreign occupiers ond

rfrHE Albanian paper Zeri i Popullit, in its October 23I editorial entitled "Treaty Which Legalizes the

Transformation of Czechoslovakia Into a Colony of theSoviet Revisionists," exposed the Soviet revisionist rene-gade clique's recently devised Soviet-Czechoslovak treatyfor the long-term military occupation of Czechoslovakia.

The editorial pointed out that in the eyes of thefreedom-loving peoples all over the world, the Soviet-Czechoslovak treaty has further revealed the aggressiveimperialist nature and the renegade features of thosewho cooked up the treaty.

The editorial said that one can see from the veryfirst article of this treaty the essence of "tank diplo-macy," beeause this treaty was concluded foilowing a

f ait accompli and an all-round military occupationunder cover of cannon and tanks. This treaty isdesigned to legalize the Soviet revisionists' occupationof Czechoslovakia and Czechosiovakia's complete subor-dination to the headquarters of the Soviet occupationtroops.

It exposed the Soviet revisionists' false claims inthe articles of this treaty that "the stationing of Soviettroops in Czechoslovakia does not encroach upon itssovereignty," that "the Soviet troops do not interfere inthe internal affairs of the Czechoslovak Socialist Re-public," that the Soviet troops "will abide by the lawsof Czechoslovakia," and other similar lies. The wholeworld, the editorial said, has seen that Czechoslovakia'ssovereignty has been crushed by Soviet tanks sinceAugust 21 and that Czechoslovakia's iaws have been re-placed by the brute force of the occupiers.

In actual fact, it added. tl-ris notorious treaty sirrrplydoes not recognize the existence of Czechoslovakia as asovereign state, as a state u,ith social, economic andjuridical independence. After resorting to desperateefforts to resolve the Czechosiovakia issue by "the mili-tary method," the Soviet revisionist imperialists assumedthe status of master. They created all kinds of privilegesand special conditions for enabling thernseives to act as

Nouember 7, 1968

editorial in Albanian paper Zeri i Popullit

who hove 6 levolutioncry trodition, will not occept SovietThey will toke oll meosures to woge o resolute

- struggle

troitors.

neo-colonialists in the country, doing as they please inall its actj.vities in the political, economic, social andcultural fields. Whenever they wish, the Soviet occu-pation troops and their famiiies can enter and leaveCzechoslovakia without visas, and they are exempt fromcustoms inspection. As a result, Czechoslovakia's statesovereignty and its inviolable nationai boundaries havebecome as worthless as a rag or a broken-dorvn fence.

The editorial said that the treaty shamelessly andopenly stipulates that the personnel of the Soviet occu-pation troops are absolved from any responsibility for"the crimes they commit while on duty in those areaswhich have been put at the disposal of the Soviettroops." This means that Czechoslovakia's laws cannever be applied to the Soviet occupation troops.

The editorial noted that the treaty also stipulatesthat Soviet courts have the right to conduct trials onthe territory of Czechoslovakia, and that Soviet proc-uratorial authorities a,nd other organs can exercise theirpower on Czechoslovak territory in accordance withSoviet laws. This is tantamount to recognizing the oc-cupiers' extra-territoriality and their right to have un-restrained freedom. That means they can swagger aboutas they please.

It pointed out that the virtual long-terrn stationingof Sorriet occupation troops in Czechoslt>vakia, which isnolr, legalized by the treaty, is bour-rd to exert an in-fluence on the foreign policies of that country. Leadingfigures among the Czechoslovak traitors have docilelyobeyed and prostrated themselves before the Soviet oc-

cupiers.

It aJdr:d that this neo-coloniaiist treaty of enslave-ment is the product of fascist aggression agailrst Czecho-slovakia. Through this treaty, iegally the Czechoslovakpeople's freedom, sovereignty and national dignity havebeen completely buried.

The editorial continued that this treaty, which w-as

cooked up in Moscow and signed in Prague, was forcibly

t7

imposed on the victims. Instead of resolving the criseswhich the Soviet revisionist ciique and the entire revi-Eionist front are facing in Czechoslcr;akia and in otherplaces, it has further deepened these crises, and hasobviously exacerbated the already difficult political,economic and sscial cnnditions in the Soviet Union, as

weII as the relations among all the countries in ithin therevisionist bloc. In particular, it has inevitably deepenedand aggravated the irreconcilable contradictions be-tween the Soviet revisionist occupiers and the freedom-Ioving Czechoslovak people. The Moseow revisionistleading clique is doing its utmost to make use of thistreaty to hoodwink world public opinion. It is tryingto use a so-called bilatera! agreeEr,ent to legalize its, irn-periaiist and cqlonialist crimes. But it will not w'ork.This new treaty has enee again sho$/n up the Soviet r+visionists as aggressors, occupiers, er.ploiters and im-

perialists. By signing this treaty, the Dubcek-Ceririkdlque has once again shown itself up as a gang of rene-gades, enemy collaborators and quisiings.

Bui there is no doubt that the Czechoslovak peoplewill scorn{uily discard this treaty which has bestovred"Iegality" upon the caloniaList occupation of tl:eirmotherland. They will not tolerate aggression or occupa-tion. They will never aceept the Soviet revisi'onistaggTessors' treaty or the betrayal and capitulation ofthe Duhcek-Cernik-Svoboda clique. They have exposedall tJrese and are now opposing them. To uphoid thesacred cause of winning national liberation and re-estab-lishing the dictatorship of the proletaliat, the Cz.echo-

slovak people, who have a great revolutionary tradition,will certainly strengthen their resistance, take all nreas-ures, and even take up arms to wage a re.:o1ute struggleagainst ttre foreign occr.lpiers and the traitors.

Condemned

rfl HE Delegation of the Central Committee of theI Indonesian Commur:rist Party issued a staternent in

September on the Soviet revisionist renegade clique'sfascist erime of armed aggression against Czechoslsvakia.Signed by Comrade Jusuf Adjitorop, trl[ernber of thePolitical Bureau of the Central Cornrnittee of theIndenesian Communist Party and leader of the Delega-tion of the Party's Central Commitlee, the staternententittred *The Marxist-Leninists and the RevolutionaryPeople of Indonesia Most Strongly Condemn the SovietModern Bevjsionist Barbarous Aggression AgainstCzechoslovakia" reads in full as follows:

Tt-re barbarous a4r,ned invasion of, the Soviet rnodernrevisiouists against Czechoslovakia on August 20, 1968,and their intention to oceupy and r-ule this, cour,ltryperrnaneutly, have exposed their true features beforethe peoples of the world. It clearly proves that theSoviet modern revisionists are not just a bunch ofbankrupt renegadeq but they are also social-imperialists.This dique of renegades are "socialists in words butimperialists in deeds." On the pretexi of ,,defendingsocialism" in Czechoslovakia, the Sot,iet tnodel'n revi-sionists are trying to justify theil aggr:essio:r i;gainstCzechoslova-kia. It is the I(hrushchovite rer.isionistciique itself which, after having usurped the leader-

18

sltip of the C.P.S.U. and of the state of the Soviet Union,has brought about an all-round restoration of capitalisn.lin the Soviet Union, and at the same time aroused anadverse eurrent of capitalist restoration in a number ofsoeialist countries of Eastern Europe. The Sovietmodern revisionist clique headed by Brezhnev andKosygin is t[re centre of the eounter-revolutionaryactivities to restore capitalisrn in the socialist campwhictr it has des,troyed; it is the centre of the activitiesof modern revisionisrx the world over against socialism,revolution, people and eomrnunisrn. It is the centre ofthe aetivities of \fferld rnodern revisionism for itseapitulationist csltraboration with the irnperialists headedby U.S. imperialism. It is the centre of the worldrenegadeq the slavee and reercenariee of U.S. ilr1-perialism. It is the Soviet modern revisionists' ownagents who have been obediently bringing about@unter-revolutionary, anti-people restoration of capital-ism in Czechoslovakia.

The Soviet modern revisionists went wild and linedup their puppets from Poland, East Germany, Bulgariaand Hungary to launeh a savage aggression againstCzeehoslovakia, because the Dubcek modern revisionistclique w-as not ioyal enough, because the Dubcek clicluewished to be free to seil itself to U.S. imperiaiism

Soviet Revisionists' Crime of Scvege AggressionAgqinst Czechoslovokiq Most Strongfly

* Statement by the lhlcgatior of the Central Cornm,ittee of the trndonesianCommunist Farty

Resolutely supporting the s&uggle of the revolutionory peoples ofthe Souiet Union ond Czechoclorokio to overthrow the modern revisionistcliques

Peking Reuiew, No. 44

directiy. All nonsensical pretexts of the Soviet modernrevisionists to justify their aggression against Czechoslo-vakia only made them, and their accomplices in Poland,Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary and Czechoslovakia,e\7en more exposed. This savage aggression strows thefurther disintegration withia the nrodern revisionistcamp.

The aggression of the rnodern rev'isionists headedby the revisionist leading clique of the C.P.S.U. hasrevealed further the monstrou,s collusion of the C.P-S'U.revisionist leading dique with the U.S. imperialists toredivide the world into their "sphet€s of inftruence,"

namely, Eastern Europe is rec'ognized as urithin the"sphere of influence" of the Sorriet modern revisionists,while Middle East and Southeast Asia including south

Vietnam as within the "sphere of influence" of theUnited States. This criminal collusion is to give them"freedom of action" in their so-called respective spheresof influence. This is a big plot condemned and stronglyopposed by all Marxi.st-Leninists and revolutionarypeoples all over the world. The Soviet modern revi-sionists who have become social-imperialists and theU.S. imperialists will certainly fail in their unscrupulousattempt to redivide the world into their "spheres ofinfluence." As Cornrade Mao Tse-tung pointed out longago: "Tho people of all countries, the masses comprisingrrlore than 90 per cent of the entire population,sooner or later want revolution and sooner or latersupport Marxism-Leninism. They will aot supporttevisionism. Though some people may support revision-ism for a while, they will eveotually cast it asiile. Theyare bound to awaken gradually; they ate bound to op-pose the imperialists and reactionaries in all countries;they are bound to oppose revisionism."

The Czechoslovak incident has further convincinglyeducated the revolutionary people all over the worldabout the rottenness and bankruptcy of the modernrevisionists.

In face of the Soviet modern revisionist savage

aggression, the Czechoslovak modern revisionist cliquehas demonstrated its traitorous features by prohibitingthe people to resist the aggression. By signing theMoscow agreement, the Czechoslovak revisionist cliquehas further sold out the interests of the Czechoslovakpeople. But the heroic Czechoslovak people, like thegreat Soviet people, and the revolurtionary people ofPoland, Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary and othercountries under the savage yoke of the modern revi-sionists, will certainly rise up in struggle and eventuallyoverthrow the modern revisionist rulers. By usingMarxism-Leninism-Mao'Ise-tung's thought as their mostpowerful weapon, the }.llarxist-Lenlnists and revolu-tionary peoples of these countries will certainly seizeback the state power usurped by the revisionists,thoroughly smash the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie,and re-establish the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The Soviet rnodern revisionists - social-imperialists

- arrd the U.S. imperialists cannot do as they wish likea big power with giant canno{rs in the era of the reign

Noaember L, 1968

of "gunboat policy," which could always dictate its willto the oppressed peoples and oppressed nationg Tttisera will never return again.

In the world of today there is a mighty bastion ofthe world revolution, which is red and will remain reilfor ever, i.e., the great People's Republic of China. Withthe all-round victory of the ,great proletarian culturalrevolution in China, under the leadership of the greatChinese Communist Party and Chairman Mao Tse-tung,the great People's China has been further strengthenedas the mightiest bastion and the most reliabtre backingof the world revolution. The ,great proletarian culturalievolution has also promoted further the propagation ofMao Tse-tung's though! the acme of Marxism-Leninismin the present era, to the whole world, and the revolu-tionary peoples begin to use this most powerful weaponin their struggle to defeat the imperialists headed by'the U.S. imperia{ists, the rnodern revisionists headed bythe C.P.S.U. leading clique, and the reactionaries of allcountries. In Europe, the people of Albania, under theleadership of the Albanian Party of Labour and ComradeEnver Hoxha, are firmly consolidating the dictatorshipoI the proletarlat and the socialist system, and they also

stand. in the for.efront of this struggle. The Marxist-Leninists and the revolutionary peoples all over theworld have dealt heavy plows to their enemies and aregradually gaining one victory after another. U'S. im-perialism and its accomplices, the social-imperialists -Soviet modern revisionists, and reactionaries of aItr

couhtriqs, are approaching nearer. and nearer theirbankruptcy and their ultirnate collapse. Now, the worldrevolution has entered a new era, the era in which im-;perialism is heading for total collapse and socialism isadvancing to worldwide victory. The modern revi-sionists cannot escape the sarne fate as that of theimperialists.

The U.S. imperialists and the Soviet modern revi-sionists are on the verge of extinction an{ are conduct-

ing a last-ditch struggle. In Eastern Europe, the Sovietmodern revisionists launched aggression against Czecho-

slovakla and continue to occupy it. In Indonesia, the

Soviet modern revisionists are intensifying stiil more

their counter-revolutionary activities, assisting the

Suharto-Nasution fascist regime, economically and

militarily, to murder the progressive people and the

Communists of Indonesia. The Soviet modern revi-sionists are also carrying out activities to split the In-donesian revolutionary movement, vainly attempting to

split the Communist Party of Indonesia! The Soviet

rnodern revisionists ar€ aiso conducting eriminalactivities, rallying a handful of P.K'I' renegades inMoscow and using these scurns o{ history to intensifytheir activities to split the P.K.I. and the revolutionarypeople of Inclonesia, to persecute Indonesian Communistsand progressives and expetr them from the Soviet Union.The Marxist-Leninists and the rerzolutionary people ofIndonesia most strongly condemn these counter-revolu-tionary activities of the Soviet modern revisionists' Atpresent the Indonesian people, who un'der the leadership

of the F.K.L are launching revolutionary armed struggle

79

and surmounting every difficulty, wil1, under theguidance of Mao Tse-tung's thought, certainly smash

the schemes of the Soviet modern revisioitists againstthe Indonesian people, overthrow the Suhalto-l'iasutionfascist regime and achieve ultimate victory.

It is pointed out in the document of "Self-Criticismby the Political Bureau of tire Central Committee of theIndonesian Communist Party" that "the IndonesianMarxist-Leninists and revolutionaries, on the basls oftheir own experience in struggle, do not have the slight-est doubt about the correctness of Comrade Mao Tse-

tung's thesis that the imperialists and all reactionaries

are paper tigers. In appeara,nce, they are terrifying,but in reality they are not so powerful. From a long-term point of view, it is not the reactionaries but thepeople who are really powerful. The n-iilitary dictator-ship of the Bigtrt-rving army generals which is now inpower is also a paper tiger. In appearance they arepor,verfui and terrifying. But in reality they are not so

powerful, because they are not supported but, on theconirary, are opposed by the people, because their ranksare beset by contradictions. and because they are quar-relling among themsehzes for a bigger share of theirpltrnder and for greaier polver."

The Mar'xist-Leninists and the revolutionary peo-

p1e of Indonesia most s1.rong1y condemn the barbarousa6lgression of the Soviet modern revisionists againstCzechoslovakia and resolutely support the struggie ofthe revolutionary peoples of Czechosiovakia, of theSoviet Union ar-rd of other countries to overthrow the

rno'dern rerrisionist cliques which are oppressing them.The Mar'xist*Leninists and the revolutionary people ofIndonesia are firmly cont inced that the revolutionarypeople of Czechoslovakia will surely inte,nsify theirstruggle against the military occupation of the Sovietrnodern revisionists, against the Dubcek traitorousclique which has fallen on its knees and capituiatedur-rder the threat of Soviet guns and tanks, and has soldout the country and the nation.

The people of Czechoslovakia and of Indonesia areboth facing the common enemies, namely, the imperial-ists headed by the United States, the Soviet modernrevisionists and the Czechoslovak clique of modern re-visionists and the reactionaries who have become theirlackeys. So long as the Czechoslovak and Indonesianpeople persist in carrying out armed struggle by relyingupon the masses, persevere in a protracted struggle and,

above all, hold a-loft the great red banner of MaoTse-tung's thought, the class enemies and the people's

enemies rvil1 sureiy be defeated!

Dorvn with the social-imperialists, Soviet modernrevisionists !

Down with the renegades, Czechoslovak modernrevisionist clique!

Down with U.S. irnperialism!

Long live the revolutionary strnggle of the Czecho-slovak people!

Long live the great

Tse-tung's thought!Marxism-Leninism-Mao

THE Central Committee of the Communist Party ofr Brazil, in a recent stal.ement, strongly condemned the

Soviet revisionist ren<-:gade ciique for its criminalaggression against Czechoslorrakia. The Soviet modernrevisionists, the statement pointed out, hal,e degenerat-

20

ed into imperialists waving the signboard of socialismand are collaborating with U.S. imperialism i,n an at-tempt to redivide the world.

It said that the aggression against Czechoslovakiaby the troops of the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact

Soviet Revisionists, Hove Degeneroted lntolmperiqlists Weving the Signbosrd

0f Sociolisrn

- Staternent by the Central Cornmittee of the Communist Party of Brazil con-dernns Soviet revisionists for their erime of aggression against Czechoslovakia

- Firrnly believes thot the Soviet people, the Czechoslovok peopte ond the peopleof other countries will rise ogoinst the renegodes who ors oppressing them

Peking Reoie,u, No. 44

allies constitr-tted one of the major crimes cr;nrn-iitl,.,:cl

by the rnr:dern revisionists. 'Ihe infamolls aci of thegrcup l-readed by Brezhnel, and l(os;.gin has blemished

the glolious revolutlonary tr:'aditioir of the Soviet peopie.

It has started operations of a r;,-prcrri inrperiali-.t natllre.

The statement pointed out: The present leadinggroup in the Soviet Union is a gang of renegades to theworkers' movement, and it represe.uts a priviiegedbourgeois straturn in Sorriet society. LTnder the rule ofthis revisionist clique, the nature of the regime estab-

lished by the October Revolution has changed, the

socialist gains have been wiped out and capitalism has

been restored. These renegades have sunk to the n-lost

shameless position of collaborating with U.S. irnperialism

in an attempt to divide the world into U.S. and Sovietspheres of influence. Together q,ith the most reaetion-

ary forces, they have formed a holy alliance agalnst

the people, against revolution and against cotnmunism.

The Czechoslorrak revisionists. the statement said.

are sliding along a sirnilar road o1l beLrayal. They have

also forfeited the gains won by the labouring people

and have led their country to capital.ism. Novotny isan out-an'd-ont revisionist and his successor, Dubcek.

is also a shameless revisionist.

The statement continued: The Soiziet modern re-

visionists have revealed their true featur"es before thepeople of the world. They are nothing but impelialistsand fascists masquerading as defenders of socialism.

They are hypocritically flaunting the flag of commu-

nism to deceive the wolking people and oppless the

Soviet and other peoples. While alu,ays invoking the

name of Lenin, they have in fact carried out a policy

completely negating Leninism. They are a bunch of

barefaced poiiticians working hand in glove with the

White House gangsters in an effort to dominate the

world.

The Brazilian people, the stattment pointed out.

realize that the Soviet Union is no longer a socialist

country. The Cotnmunist Party of Brazil strongly

condemns the Soviet Union for its aggression against

Czechoslovakia. Despite the fact that Czechosiovakia is

now under revisionist domination, the Czechoslovak

working people will take up the historical task of re-establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat and of

eliminating the renegades to the communist cause. Atthe same time, it is necessary to overthrow the priviieged

bourgeois stratum which is in po'wer in the Sov-iet

Noucml>er 1, 1968

Union. And this task u,il1 surely be accomplished bythe r,,,'criring ciass and the labouring peopie of the SovietUnion.

The siatement said: The Brazilian proletarianrerrolLrtionaries have persisted in denouncing ilre in-famous activities of the revisionists. Together ,,r,,ith theMarxist-Leninists throughout the vuorld, they supportand exrnress solidarily with the people of Lenin,scountry. the people of Gottr,l,,ald,s country and the peopleof other countries in their struggle to overthrow therevisionist cliques. They firmly believe that theCzechoslo.,,ak people, the Soviet people and the people

of other countries rvill rise against the renegades whoare oppressing them. The Communist Palty of Brazilholds that ail the revolutionary people of the worldshoi-rld r-rnite and carry out a persevering struggleagainst U.S. imperialism and its ally, Soviet revisionism.

The statement said in conclusion: "Millions of or-dinary peopie the rvorld over, including the Soviet peo-

ple, have come to realize that Brezhnev and Kosygin

are enemies of the peopies, that they are carrying out apolicy r,r,hich is contrary to the interests of the peoples.

The spearhead of the struggle of the peoples will surely

be directed against modern revisionism and Yankee im-per'ialisrtr.

"The Marxist-Leninist Parties hal'e won the highest

prestige and authority because they have consistently

denounced the betrayal by revisionism and have pointed

out the genuine road of revolution. Truth is on the

side of the Marxist-Leninist Parties. Upholding the

dictatorship of the proletariat and hoidlng high the

banner of the great proletarian cultural revolution, the

Comn:unist Party of China, under the wise leadership

of Mao Tse-tung, has become the most potverful and

advanced detachment of world revolution. The

Albanian Party of Labour, led by the long-tested

Marxist-Leninist, Enver Hoxha, has become an invincible

bulwarh of socialism.

"No matter how the imperialists and revisionists

intensify their counter-revolutionary activities, revolu-

tion is n:oving forrvard irresistibly. The fiames of class

strugg).e are ragillg everylvhere. No one can prevent the

people of the world from winning victory' Communism

has increasingly become the great and sole hope of the

exploited and the oppressed, the guiding light for the

people who are fightirg to free themselves from capl-

talist oppression.'l

21

A TAfi4 E ALI BI

by FAN TISIU-PING

|TtO cover up the aggressive nature of Soviet revisionistX socjal-in:per':alism, TASS on August 30 came upwith a sorry aiibi. For advertising purposes, it rnade along list of S-oviet revisionist "aid" to Czechosiorrakiathe u'ay one totes up one's valuables. Posing as a"benefactor," it glibly talked about having "prr.ivided"Czechoslovakia with supplies and "satisfied" its needs.The supplies included everything, from Dor'bas coal toUkraine flour. What great, selfless and all-round "aid" !

As if this could write off at one stroke the enormouserime of using planes, artillery and tanks for the armedoccupation of Czechoslovakia and suppression of itspeople.

Our great leader Chairman Mao has taught us: 6'The

govemments of the imperialist countries, though theyengaged in counter-revolutionary activities every day,had never told the truth in their statements or officialdocuments but had filled or at least flavoured themwith professions of humanity, justice and virtue." Thisis just how the Soviet revisionist renegade clique hasacted.

The mass of figures set down by TASS cannot con-ceal the gangsters' diabolical face. It was to devour alittle girl that the u,olf in a Russian fairy-tale disguiseditself as her "grandmother" wearing a beauti{ui nightcap. It is to engage in ruthless piunder that the Sovietrevisionist renegade clique dresses itself up as a "phi-lanthropist" under the attracii.ve signboard of "aid."

"Acccrding to official data," TASS said, "Soviet-Czechoslovak trade in 1967 reached 1,754.7 miliionrubles. Czechoslovakia purchased 870.7 million rublesworth of commodities and the Soviet Union BB4 millionrubles worth of commodities." This sounds as if tradewas indeed based on "equality, mutual benefit" and"balance." Bui the TASS figures can deceive nobody.Trade u,ithin the "Council for Mutual Econoraic Aid" isunequal and a means by which Soviet revisionist social-imperialism exploits and plunders other rirembers ofthe council. A machine from "allies" in the council,inciuding Czechoslovakia, which can be exchanged for520 tcns of iron cre in other mai:kets, is exchanged foronly 140 tons in the Soviet Union. This means thatthe export of 140 tons of iron ore enables the Sovietrevisionists to squeeze out of Czechoslovakia com.modi-ties worth 380 tons of iron ore. If Soviet iron ore ex-ports to Czechoslor.akia in 1966-70 alone are calculatedat 50 million tons, as TASS sai.ri, the commodities thusplund-ered there by the Soviet revisionists wiil be equiv-aleirt to 135 miliion tons of iron ore in value. How can

Z2

such cruel plunder be covered up by the TASS figureof more than "800 million" rubles?

TASS shamelessly boasted that "rvhat the SovietUnion supplied almost fuily satisfied Czechoslovakia'soil needs." This is nonsense too! The Czechoslovakre'.,isionists are econcmicall.y dependent on the Sovietrevisionists. It is true that Czechoslovakia depends onthe Sovi.et Union for B0 per cent of its iron ore andalmcst 100 per cent of its oil. But TASS deliberatelyavoided mentioning ho',v expensive the oil sent via the"Friendship" pipeline is. For example, rolling stockfrom member nations of the "Council for Mutual Eco-nomic Aid," including Czechoslovakia, can get the equiv-alent of only 1,300 tons of oil in the Soviet Union,instead of 3,400 tons in other markets. Furthermore,TASS made no mention of the fact that all uraniumfrom Tachov in Czechosiovakia "satisfies" the Sovieirevisionists' needs and cannot be sold to "nations otherthan the Soviet I]nion."

TASS said: "fn the past ten years, the CzechoslovakSociaiist Republic's annual grain inrports from theSoviet Union averaged two-thirds of the former's stategrain requisition." This is as good as telling the Dubcekclique to its face: \Vhatl After eating my grain, y'ou

now want "freedom" and to break away from mycontrol.l Both U.S. imperialist and Soviet revisionistwheat are not rvholesome at all. They are poisonou;bait whieh the tvu'o use to push their policy of neo-colonialism. It is precisely because the Czechoslovakrevisicnists each year use up over a million tons of theSoviet revisionists' wheat - one out of every threeloaves of bread comes from this wheat - that theymust be enslaved to social-imperialism. Without at-taining economic indepeirdence, there can, of course;

be no taik oi political independence!

TASS certainiy lives up to being the moulhpiece ofSoviet revisionism. It. didn't even forget that the Sovietrevisionists had built a wide-gauge railway insideCzechoslovak territory. It smugly boasted that "to cutdornn the cost of transpolting these goods a wide-gaugeraih.vay has been buiit lrom the Soviet-Czechosiovakborder to Kosice." lYhat utter shamelessness! Can it be

simply "to cut down the cost of transporting thesegoods" tirat the Soviet revisionists built their raihvayright into the heartland of Czechoslovakia? Can it bethat tirc cost of transpcrt is .such that it was rvcrth thisbig engineering eftc;:t? The unobstructed wide-gaugeraihvay greatly helped the occupation of Czechoslovakia

Pelci.ttg ll.eoiew, No. 44

in eight hours by Soviet revisicnist troops" To put itbiuntly, the real reason for building this railway was,first, for economic plunder, and, second, for movingtroops. Aren't these plain facts?

TASS can stow all its glib talk designed to deceivepeople!

Soviet sociai-imperiatism treats Czechoslovakia asits sphere of in{luence. ft was no surprise that Sovietre.zisionism got Czechoslovak revisionism to reachagreement at bayonet point. The heavy chains of the"Council for Mutual Economic Aid" - "internationaldivision of labour," "economic integration," etc.- had

been clapped on the Czechoslovak revisionists long ago.They can only meekly pull the cart or else the merci,lessbig stick of the Soviet revisionists wi.Ll descend on thernout of the blue. Holvever, TASS has forgotten thatCzechoslovakia belongs to the Czechoslovak people!Though the Dubcek renegade clique commits treasonand capitulates, the people of Czechoslovakia will notal1ow their motherland to suffer Soviet revisionism'scontrol and plunder over a long period. The heroicpeople of Czechoslovakia are beccming more awakeneddaily. 'Ihey are bound to rise up in rebeilion, over-throrv the rule of ttre Czechoslovak revisionists andbreak arvay from Soviet revisionism's enslavement!

in operation, the "new system," first of all, is to befurther implemented in different enterprises and themain principles of this "system" * "profit in command"and "material incentives" - x1s to be promoted all alongthe line in the enterprises, from workshops, shifts andrvork teams down to individuals.

The Soviet revlsionists not only advocated the"transfer of marketing and profit indexes of productsto aII production workshops"; they also set out. to in-troduce "business accounting" in auxiliary workshop$and even in some rvork sections and teams and variousoffices of an enterprise. Even more absurd is that theyalso want to introduce "business accounting in shiftsand. work teams and with individuals"; in other words,they want to use rubles as a bait to make the broadmasses of Soviet workers and employees create greaterprofits for the new capitalists in the Soviet Union'

To increase the interest of the leading memkrs ofthe enterprises in drafting "stringent" plans for makingsuper-profits, the Soviet revisionist renegade clique de-

cided to change the innumerable bonuses and "econom-ic incentive funds" promoted in enterprises in the past

into a unified measure for drawing "fixed" shares fromprofits. It also decided to turn the original practiee ofdra.,r.ing shares from planned profits into drawing

-qhares from actual profits. That is to say, the leaders

of enterprises are guaranteed a certain proportion ofprofit shares no matter how the profits are made.

Prompted by such "material incentives," the leaders ofenterprises, like vampires, will naturally exploit and

fleece the working class in the most brutal way.

Setting Up Monogeriol System in Nqtionol EconomyAJcoriling to Monopoll Copitolist Blueprints

Meanwhile, u,nder the pretext of "making the meth-ods of leadership in various enterprises and delrart-

Soviet Revisionist Renegsdes Step Wp Copits{istReorganizstfom of Ecos?os??y

rFHE Soviet revisionist renegade dique recently hasI stepped up the implementation of the "new eco-

no:lic system." It is making a big noise about applyingthe capitalist principie embodied in this "system" toevery aspect of economic 1ife. Modelling it after theeconomic system of the Western capitalist countries,this clique is carrying out a drastic top-to-bottom re'organization of the entire managerial system in thenalional economy so as to intensify the exploitati.on andenslavement of the Soviet labouring people.

The Soviet revisionist renegade clique started toimpiement on a large scale the "new econornic system"centred around the capitalist principle of profit seekingat the beginning of 1966. This "system" now has beenput into operation in 13,000 industrial enterprises, 9,000

transport, agricultural and service trades enterprises,hundreds of thousands of business establishments, andnumerous building enterprises.

To further promote the "new systerrq" the Sovietrevisionists recently made a big fanfare about it in thepress, saying that "the first stage of economic reform,the stage of exploration, is o\rer" and from now on a

"new stage of reform" will begin. For this, they held a4-day "All-Soviet Economic Conference" in Moscow inmid May this year, which was attended by 5,000 persons.The conference decided to "apply the new system to theentire sphere of the national economy" in 1969 andadopt a series of corresponding measures for a newand more drastic reorganization in the managerial sys-tem of Soviet industry and the entire national economyso as to form a complete capitalist managerial systemfrom top to bottom.

Applying Profit Prineiple to All Seciors of Enterprises

The Soviet revisionist renegade clique decided thatrvith the so-called "new stage of economie reform" now

Nouember 7, 1968 23

ments eompletely suit the demands of the new system,"the Soviet revisionist renegade clique decided to effecta drastic reorganization of the national econorny. pri-marily the system of leadership in industrial depart-ments, accorrling to the blueprints of monopoly capital-ism during the so-called "new stage of economic reform."

This renegade clique recently has been franticallypub.licizing the setting up of large-scale regional anddepartmental "joint enterprises" as the first step in thisdrastic reorganization. Waving the signboard of "social-ism," these ner.r;-t,ype capitalists shamelessly publicizedthe idea that. rvhile drafting plans for establishing such"joint enterprises," they "should utilize" the "organi-zational chart" of U.S. monopoly capital. In reorganiz-ing the Soviet economic system and establishing large-scale "joint enterprises," they s&y, "the experi-ences of the development of management in the capi-talist countries should not be overlooked."

It is no accident that this renegade clique set up so-called "joint enterprises" in the Soviet Union b"v foiitlw-ing the example of Western monopoly organizations.In the Soviet Union today, pro{rt is the main yardstickfor measuring an enterprise's "contribution" and thedecisive factor in determining the faie of an enterprise.The capitalist larv of free competition under r.vhich thestrong survives and the weak pelishes is operating inthe fierce scramble for profits. This will naturally leadto the phenoi:renon of big enterprises surallou,ing upsmall ones u,hich is inher'ent in the capitalist system.At the "Ail-Soviet Economic Conference" inMa;r, N.K. Baibakcv. Vice-Chailman of the Councilof Nlinisters, and others opeirly encouraged thebig enterprises with huge profits and favourable con-ditions to incorporate me'dium and smal1-scale enter-prises and, on this basis, to set up r.vhat they calledlarge-scale "joint enterprises."

According to the plan of thc Sorriet revisionist rene-gacie clique, the "ioint enterprises'' to be set up in theSoviet Union nor,v v,rill be something like a combinationof trusts and concerns in the capitalist couniries inEurope and the United States. These "joint enterprises",*,ili have considerable pol.ver in the allocation of finan-cial resources and in the managenient of the enterprisesunder their control. Apart from managing the produc-tion of the affiiiated enterprises, they r,vill conductmany other activities such as sales. supplies. scientificresearch and designing. and so on. The Soviet revisionistpres:s reported that the "joint enterp.r'i-res" i.n gr:nr:rrrl rvillint:lude all the entelprises set up b1, a certain ecorromicdepartment in a regicn. or in a union repub,lic. or in airirge econornic area. Later. r.t ith experience accu-rnulated, the "joiirt enterprise" will be enlarged to coverthe rvirok' country. 'Ihe estab,iisitmenl. of an all-soviet"joint ei-rterpiise" n,ill, in effect. assul-tle the functionshitherto exet'ciscd by the generai bLireaux aclminister-ing rrarious industr-ial departments. The ministrie_s ofindustry in lhe Soviet Union r.rill exelcise contt,oi overthe enterpi'ises through ihe mediurir of the ''ioir.:t ent.er-

24

When the general management bureaux under aministry is gradually reduced to the status of a "depart-mental joint enterprise," every industrial ministry, asa state administrative organ set up by the Soviet re-visionists, will undergo furthei' changes in nature andfunctions. Thus, a three-stage economic system - minis-try, joint enterprise and enterprises - based on theblueprints of Western monbpoly capital lvill form anew administrative system of state monopoly capital inthe Soviei Union.

Stepped-Up Extroction of Profits; Free Sole ondPurchgse of Meons of Production

In this diastic reorganization, the Soviet revi-sionists wil.l make further changes in relations betw-eenthe state and the 6nfgrprises, turning such relations intosomething for undisguised disiribution of profits. Bai-bakov pointed out at the "All-Soviet Economic Con-ference" that it was necessary to set up a "new formof financial relations between the enterprises and thestate." According to this so-called new form, the statecontrolled by the Soviet revisionists 'rn ill coi-rcern itselfless and less with pi'oduction in the enterprises. Theywill simply allot money in the form of approprlationsor loans to the monopoly capitalist groups at all levelsand to their affiiiated enterprises. In return, the monop-oly groups and their enterprises will hand over partof their profits as "payment to the fund," or as in-terest. Thus, the state controiled by the Soviet revi-sionists rvill degenerate into a big capitalist boss pureand simple. It wili earmark large sums of moneSz foran enterprise and give it a free hand to make money.The state will receive interest in pl:oportion to its capi-tal investment. The enterprise will thus be turned intoa "companlr" jointly run by the state and the heads ofmonopoly capital groups at all levels. The parties con-cei'ned rvill divide the profits among themselves and'iointly exploit the rvorking class.

In the "new stage of economic reform," the Sovietrevisionist renegade clique has also decided to vigorouslyinstitute a sy5fs11 of free sale and purchase of themeans of production, making this practice one of thebasic measures for reforming the national economy andbringii-rg about all-round eapitalist restoration.

Soviet Revisicnist Renegodes' Outrogeous ActionErings on Awokening of Soviet People

The so-cal1ed "nerv economic system" proposed by thenolorious arch-renegade Khrushchov and implementedby his faithful follorvels Brezhnev and Kosygin and theirgitrrq in the pasl t\1'o vears has cnormousl;- strcngth-ened the bourgeois dictatorship over the brnad massesof labouiing peoole b1' a handful of the privilegedst.r'atum r-eple:sc:ntei b1, the Scrriet revisionist rer-regade

<:iiqr-re. It r,.'iriens ti-re gap betu,een the rich ar-rd the poor;ind agglavates class differe:ntiaiioir v,rith evet'y passingday.

Stimulated b,), the pr'incrple of management inu,hici.r profit dominates ever1,1.hing, such phenomena es

bene{iting oneself at the expense of others. profit

Pelting Reuieio, llo. 44

hunting, free competition and analchy in pr.oduc-tion, aI1 of which character.ize the capitaiist system,prevail in all branches of the Soviet national economyeven more serious:ly than before. The chaos in theaational economy which started in Khrushchov's iimehas become more aggravated. Even the Soviet revi-sionist renega<le clique itself had to admit that "a- seriesof extremely complicated and acute probiems haveemerged" in the national economy since the impletnen-tation of the "new economic system." Now that theclique wants to further develop the "new system" inevery aspect, such outrageous action rvill only make theSoviet people and the people of the world see the real

Ieatiiires of ii:ese diehai.d renegades in the Krentlin ntoicclearlv.

Our great leader Chalrman Mao has pointed r:ut:"th.e -"ocialist system witrl eventually replace the capi-talist system; this is an objectir;e law independent ofman's will. However much the reactionaries try to hotdback the wheel of history, sooner or later revolutionwill take place and will inevitably triumph." The broadmasses of the Soviet people who are suffering underthe restoration of capitaUsm will certainly rise up tosmash the rule of the Soviet revisionist renegade clique,re-establish tfre dictatorship of the proletariat, andbring the Soviet Union loack into the orbrt of socialism.

Sovret Revisios?ists: Sordid Sotresn?en of Re octionoryl#estern Culture

by HUNG TSIN-TA and NAN HSUETI-LIN

qO-CALLED "Western culture" is nothing but im-r) perialist cultule, which is most reactionary, deca-dent and vicious. With the imperialist system headingfor total collapse, its culture, like the zun settingbeyond the western hills, resembles a dying personv,,ho is sinking fast. Since Khrushchov and his suc-cessors came to power, they have gone all out to carr5zout "cultural co-operation" with U.S, imperialism andthrown the door wi.de open to "Western culture," whichhas thus found a new market in the Soviet Union.Amid t,he fanfare of their all-round counter-revolution-ary collaboration, a new sinister deal was made betweenthe Soviet Union and the United States in July - theSoviet-U.S. cultural exehange agreement for 1968-69signed in Moscow.

This agreement covers many fields, raoging lromscience, technology, Iiterature, art, education, medieineand physical culture to the exchange of "artists," "ex-pertq" perioCicals. exhibitions and films, and so on.More than 20 depar'tments are involved i;n the exchangeof visits by "experts" alone.

If the United States only "made a breach" in 1958when the arch-renegade Khrushchov signed the first"ctiLtural agreement" with it. then today, ten yearslater, when the sixth "cultural agreement" has beensigned, the u.orlci's most reactionary, decadent andvicious "Western culture" has fiooded the Soviei Unionlike the muddy in'ater rushing through a breached dike.The Soviet revisionist renegade clique's efforts to goin for "wholesale Westernization" have earned it theplaudits of its master. U.S. imperialist chief Johnsongleefully deciared in a speech that no other period inhi.story has been "more productive in promoting co-operation betrn,een our t\,1,o countries."

Nr:tember 1, 1968

Let us see how "productive" Soviet-U.S. "cu1turalco-operation" is at present.

Not only has Soviet revisionist literature becomeincreasingly deeadent under the impact of Soviet-U.S."cultural co-operation," but the most reactionary androttenest American literature has been translated andpublished in large quantities in the Soviet Union. Thechief editor of the Soviet revisionist LiteraturnayaGazeta coniessed in a statement that American novelswere the best sellers in the foreign book market in theSoviet Union.

Disguised as "cultural co-operation," degenerateWestern music, commercialized jazz, has become therage i,n the Soviet revisionist musical, dancing andtheatrical world. Rock-'n'-ro11, the twist and other si-milar vulgar dances are perfor"rned more madly thanbefore. The Soviet revisionist renegade clique has

not only spent big sums of money to invitenight. club jazz bands from the West to perform in dif-ferent parts of the Soviet Union, it has also sent its ownmusicians to take part in "international contests" so as

to learn from Western jazz bands. As a result, variousweird-named American and British jazz bands haveperformed in the Soviet Union. Last December 12, theSoviet revisionist Central Television Station started amorttrly series of lectures o "Jazz Music, Yesterdayand Today" in its foulth programme. In these lectures,American comizrercialized jazz was unctuously de-scribed as "real musie" and ttsacred music" andwas lauded as helping to "understand the wor'ld."Disgusting "jazz musie festivals" have been held inMoscow and six other Soviet cii.ies this year to givesuch vulgar music a b,ig bcosi. And as before, theSorriet revisionist cliclue has given the greeri light to

la

perforlnances of many vulgar American plays on theSoviet stage.

As a result of So'rlet-U.S. "cultural co-operation,"Soviet revisionisi screens have been turned into aninstrument for publicizing "lMestern culture." As itciid. prev.iously, this clique has spared no efforts toIavish praise on American films through its newspap-er,s and magazines, and it has pr'inted many books topublicize these reactionary Ameriean films. Moreover,in January this year, the Soviet revisionist CentralTelevisioa Station began o'hsequiously introducing Ame-rican film stars to its viewers. The Soviet revisionists,in effect, have handed over a large part of the Sovietscreen to Holiywood. S.K. Romanovsky, Chairman ofthe Soviet Committee for Culturai Relations withForeign Countries, admitted that often "there are sever-al hundred copies of American films being shorvn inouf country." Even this cannot satisfy the Soviet re-visionist ciique. The new "cultural agreement" ex-plicitly provides for "the widest possible distribution"of American films.

Under the signboard of "cultttral co-opei'ation,"the Soviet revisionist clique has thrown the door wideopen to tire Voice of America, an instrument of U.S.imperialism for: opposing communism, China, the peopleand revolution. The notorious V.O'.A., as lormer U.S.Presider-rt Kennedy said, is an "arm" of the U.S. Govern-ment. Bui the Soviet revisionist clique loves it as dear-ly as fiies love muck. As far back as soon after the20th Congress of the C.P.S.U., the clique began to in-termittentiy stop jamming V.O.A. broadcasts to theSoviet Union. Later, an agreement was reached betweenthe So.riet Union and the United States under u,hich theformer formaii;r and completely stopped jamming andprovided facilities for V.O.A. transcription programmesto be broadcast in the Soviet Union. After Brezhnevand Kosygin came to power, they gave the V.O.A. thego-ahead signal, allowing it to be heard all over thecountry. With great exultation, the U.S. press saidthat in content, fornr and technique, the Soviet revi-sionist radio and television programmes had been "rad-ical,ly reformed" after the fashion of the West.

Sotriet revisionism's television is the same as itsradio. Last year, the Soviet rerzisionist clique rackedits brains making a telel'ision ner,vsreel called "Chron-icle of Half Century" in the name of "celebrating" the50th anniversary of the October Revolution a.nd "re-viewing" the history of the Sorriet Union over the pasthalf century. On the one hand, the newsreel franticaliyattacks China; on the other hand, it nauseatingly ad-vocates "Soviet-U.S. friendship" to curry farrour u'ithits master. A good number of shots of Soviet revision-ists embracing and kissing Americans were producedto show Soviet-U.S. "friendship" and "co-operation."The coming to power and the deatir of the U.S. im-perialist chief Kennedy rvere sh:rmelessly playeci up asa 'Jbig event" in the Soviet Union ancl brought into thistelevision film. The commetrtary flatters Kennedy asa "clear-heeded" and "practical" man and sadly"n1ourns" his death.

zo

It is also under the camouflage of Soviet-U.S. "cul-tural co-operation" that the decadent way of life of theWestern bourgeoisie penetrates the Soviet Union e:/ery-t"vhere. Not long after the latest agreement, a so-called"Soviet fashion design shorry" lvas held in Washington;On display were "outstanding fashions" by Soviet re-visionism's "top conterapolafy desig:ters," including so-called "space age" fashions and "revolutionized" cloth-ing designed by "the Soviet Unisn's best-knor,vn avant-garde designer" who copied the eowboy pants and mini-skirts of the West. Characteristie of the fashion showu'ere the marked trends of "Westernization" which wonpraise and appLause from the revisionist clique's U.S.master and which were cheered as "inspiring." TheSoviet revisionists also put on dog shows in Moscow si-milar to those in New York and London and went so faras to make this thing fashionable. Ali this is the heightof rottenness.

To speed up the "'Westernization" of the SovietUnion, the Soviet revisionist clique is becoming moreand more open in utilizing "international. tourism" toattract by ail possible means "tourists" of all descrip-tions from the Western capitalist countries, aliowingthem to sprread the dissipated Western way of life inthe Soviet Union. The Soviet revisionists also announcedthat mcre than one hundred cities in aII fifteenunion republics wor-rld be opened to up to a millionpleasure-seeking foreign tnurgeois gentlemen and 1a-dies coming to the Soviet Union. In addition, the Sovietrevisionists are Ceveloping "cultural co-operation" withU.S. imperialism in a big way so as to surrender com-pletely to the Jatter and bring on a wholesale "Western-ization" of the Soviet Union through such channelsas setting up "night clubs," free "distribution" of theU.S. magazitte Americs, holding rotating U.S. exhibi-tions, introducing American experience, exchang-ing students, commendation of scholars, sponsoring penclubs and reprinting the articles of the reactionary U.S.press, etc.

The above-mentioned facts are but a few examplesof this "co-operation." All these "fruits" fully show thatsince the confidential Giassboro talks by the ehieftains ofSoviet revisionism and U.S. imperialism in June 1967,

U.S.-Soviet counter-revolutionary collaboration hasshown striking development. It has developed from theearth and under the sea to the sky, from the "hot line"contact betvreen the White House and Kremlin to theopening of the Neu, Yolk-Moscorv direct airline, andfrom political, economic and militar.v fields to the cul-tural reatrm. Soviet revisionism and U.S. imperialismhave entered into an out-and-out counter-revolutionaryholy alliance.

Our great leader Chairman Mao teaches us: "In theworld today all culture, all literature and art belongto definite classes and are geared to definite politicallines." The large-scale iurportation of "Western culture"by the Soviet revisionist clique ioday is utterly to servetle all-round restolation of capitalism in the SovietUnicn and the conrprthensive Soviet-U.S. counter-rev-

(Continued on p. 28.)

Peking Reuieta, No. 41

ROI.,IND TFIE W&R.LM@p"?tzwv/.//lv,/,%zi.///r//r,/.,/r lii/rr7,i/v/,L/fu/n/7,/.;,.).//,

Politicol power grows out of the borrel of o gun.

- MAO TSE.TUT{G

BURMESE PEOPLE'S FORCES

Smoshing "Mopping-Up"Compoigns by Relying

On the Mosses

Led by the Communist Party ofBurrna, the people of various na-tionalities won rnajor victories inBurma throughout the past year.They smashed the reactionary govern-nent's "mopping-up" campaigns,consolidated the revolutionary baseareas and expanded their armedforces.

Beginning in August last year, thereactionary government deployedseores of battalions in large-scaleoffensives against the Pegu Moun-tain and other revolutionary baseareas. In this, it was supported byboth the U.S. imperialists and theSoviet revisionist renegade clique.

In face of the enemy's ftantic at-tack, the Communist Party of Burmastuck to the proletarian revolu-tionary line of "winning the war andseizing political power." ChairmanThakin Than Tun and the Party'sCentratr Committee issued the rnili-tant call to "smash the enemy's offen-sives with our own offensives," andthe people's forces and the masses inthe base areas responded by throwingthemselves into battle. When theenemy intruded into the base areas,the people's forces were nowher.e tobe found. But when the enemy wastired out, the people's forces laidambushes and annihilated hiseffectives. Simultaneousiy, the lattermoved up to attack a nuniber oftowns and townlets in enemy-heldareas and raided major communica-tion lines, including the Rangoon-Mandalay Railway, and scored suc-cessive victories. By this courageousfighting, they suceessfully defendedthe base areas and completely thwart-ed the enemy's "mopping-up" cam-paign, which lasted more than sixmonths. In daing this, they foughtr.vell over 140 eng.agements.

.1"7.1'etnber ',. i9i8

Using fiexible guerlilla tactics, thepeople's forces sometimes eoncentrat-ed a superior force in groups ofhundreds to attack and encircle thereactionary troops and police station-ed in cities and towns. At othertimes, smail detachments launchedsurprise atiacks on enemy policestations or trcops on the move. Fre-quently, the enemy was wiped out bysquads and platoons, and. the peo-ple's forces armed themselves withIarge quantities of captured weaponsand materiel. They also frequentlyattacked major railways, highwaysand river and sea comn:runicationlines. The enemy was compelled toscatter his forces and was placed ina passive position in which he wassubjected to blows.

While conducting the armed strug-gle, the Communist Party of Burmahas gone deep among the peopie toarouse the masses, This mass workvaries in form in accordance with thespecific conditions of the areas con-cerned, depending on urhetlrer it isa revolutionary base area* a guerrillaarea, or enemy occupied. A sustainedand extensi,re struggle against thegovernment's grain leotiry hg Mstaged in some are*u [n otherqenemy agents and loel derPots havebeen eiirainated. Land refcrm tbbeing carried out in some base areas.The awakened peasants ar:e rising upto smash the reactionary goverll-ment's ruling apparatus in the vil-lages and setting up red politicalpower stetaming from the gra-cs

roots. More and more, they aretaking up arms and participating inthe armed struggle.

MALAYAN NATIONAL LIBERAT|ON ARMY

Persevering in Guenriilo Wor

I-ed by the Communist PartY ofMaiaya, the Natisnal Liberation Armyhas carried on an armed struggle for20 years.

Beginning from last year, theenemy unleasheil repeated, large-scale "mopping-up" campaignsa-gainst the Uberation Army. Thou-sands of troops were throu'n induring these operations in frequenL,day and night "raids" and attecksagainst the people's forces in a vaineffort to annihilate them. However,in the face of the latter's courageollscourrter-attacks, all the enemy offen-sives suflered hu.miliating defeats.

The National Libelation AlmY u,ona brilliant victory in June this yearwhen a whole enemy platoon rvas

wiped out in an ambush at Kroh, inPerak State, north MalaYa. TheLiberation Army i:as been activealong the }"[a1aya-Thai border sinceIast JuIy, and its numerous ambusheshave stnrck fear into the hearts ofthe enemy.

REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCESIN INDONESIA

Active in the CountrYside

This Jrear witnessed a new growthin the armed ,struggle of the Indo-nesian Communists and other revo-lutionary people. Besides the strugglewhich the revolutionary armed forceshave persisted in West Kalimantan,the flames of armed struggle havebeen kindled in the 'v'ast rural and

mountain areas on Indonesia's twomajor islands-Java 6nd Sumatra'The struggle in Java is of consider-able scale.

In a statement in mid August thisyear', fascist military regime chief-tain Suhario publicly admitted thatthe Indonesian Comlaunists and otherrevolirtionary people are quite strong'especialLy in East and Central Java'Reactionary papers in Djakarta dis-ciosed that the revolutionary armedforces ective in Java had sPrang

several. attacks on the reactionarytroops 'Lhis year and that theY had

sabotaged raiirvay and long-distancemilitary telepi:one iines. This had

cansed panic arnong the reactionaries,ancl, in some districts, the fascisi re-gime's local acir-r-rinistration officesirad. to close dorl'n and the magistratespack up and fiee.

Recenily, thc fascist regime car-rie<i otrt sevelal "mopping-up" opera-tions againsl the rer,'oiutionary armed

27

forces in East and Central Java. Be-sides local detachments contrclied byIandlords, it flung in large numbersof reactionary troops, using bcrr:rbersand up-to-date milltary eqttiptnentsupplied by U.S. imperialism andSoviet revisionism. Despite dilficurltconditions, the revolutionary Iorceshave relied on the peasant masses toput up a courageolis fight againstthese operations.

NORTH KALIMANTAN PEOPLE'S FORCES

Setting Up Bose Areos

Under the leadership of the NorthKalimantan National LiberationLeague, the people's forces havesmashed the "i-nopping-up" campaignsstaged jointly by the Indonesianmilitary regime and the U.S.-Britishimperiali.st backed "Malaysian"

puppet gorrernmeni. They have es-tablishsC re.,rolutionary base areas.

League organi;:alicns har.e mush-rocrned in the cities, villages andborder areas. With the support ofthe peasant masses, the people'sfci:ces have used flexible gr-leruil1a

tactics to annihilate enemy effectives.According to a report in the NortirKalimantan journal Liberatian, theywiped out 73 enemy troops in a

baitle to smash the "mopping-up"camPaign-

* r

Our great leader Chairman Maoteaches us, o'Eevolutions and revolu-tionary wars are inevitable in classsociety, and without them it is im-possible to accomplish any leap insocial development and to overthrowthe reactionary ruling classes andtherefore impossible for the people towin political porver." The revolution-

ary people in many Southeast Asiancountries are determined to over-throw the reactionary ruling classesand set up their orvn political po\&,er

by armed struggle. Undaunted byhardships and difficr-rlties and slighi*ing iveapons manufactured by U.S.imperialism and Soviet revisionism,the1, harre deleated one "mopping-up"operation after another launched bythe reactionaries. They are studylngin earnest Chairman Mao's brilliantthinking on people's war and alepushing on with the armed struggieby firmiy relying on the masses.setting up rural base areas and usingthe countr-vside to encircle the cities.They are deeply ccnvinced that, pro-r.ided th,ey integrate the universaltruth of Marxism-Leninism, Mao'Ise-tung's thought, with the concretepractice of the tevolution in theirown countries, they are bound tc:come out victorious in the struggle.

(Conl;inued from p, 26.)

olutionary collaboration, in other words, to serve itscc,untr.:r-revolutionary revisionist political line. So-calied Soviet-U.S. "cultura1 co-operation," like their col-Iaboration in the political, economic and military fields,is the proCuct of the capitulationist line of "peacefulcoexistence" car:ried ottt by the Soviet revisionist cliqueof renc'gacies, and it is a big betrayal of the peopleof tl-re Soviet Union and of the wor1d.

Why is Soviet-U.S, "cultulal eo-operation" carriedout so un-.crupulousiy and so feverishly in this period?The U.S. magazine Neusueek in its July 15, 1968, issueadmits outright that Soviet revisionism and U.S. im-perialism "have often found themselves undergoing manyof the same internal and external stresses and strainsin the rapidly changing rvorld of the 1960s." What arethese "internal and external stresses and strains"? Firstof ali, in this period, under the leadership of our greatleader Chairman i\,{ao himself, China has vicioriousl;zunfolded the great proietarian culturaL revolution whichdeals a heavy blow to imperialism, revisioirism andreaction. The announcement of victories in the hills ofthe Truong Son Range, the war drum sounded onthe Equator, the red flag fluttering in the Pu Pan Moun-tains, the roar of the raging tide along the MississippiRiver, and the revolutionary storm in West Europe andNorth America all these converged into an irre-sistible revolutionary torrent which has rapidly breach-ed the dam of Soviet-U.S. global counter-revolution-ary collaboration. The drastically deepening politicaland economic crises in imperiaiist countries headed by

28

the United States have become an incurable diseasc-.Modern revisionism with the Soviet revisionist cliqueas its centre, which is disintegrating daily, is in a shakystate. Sueh an excelLeni revolutionary situation nat-uraily means "stresses and strains" for U.S. imperialismand the Soviet revisionist clique. It is in thesedays that they have to depend on each other to bolsterup their tottering bourgeois dictatorships and use dec-adent "Western culture" as a talisman in a vain effor.tto stem the surging tide of the world revolution andsave them from being drowned in it.

Our great leader Chairman Mao wisely points out:"The Soviet finiou was the first socialist state and theComnrunist Party of the Soviet Union was created bytenin. Although the leadership of the Soviet Party andsta,te has now been usurped by revisionists, I wouldailvise comrades to reurain firm in the conviction thatthe masses of the Soviet people and of Party membersand cadres are good, that they desire revolution andthat revisionist rule will not last long." It can be as-serled that the Sorziet people who have a glorious rev-olutionary traiition wili by no means tolerate theircountry being ruined by the Soviet revisionist rer-re-gades in such a way. No matter how reckless anclunbridled their outrageous acts, the U.S. imperialistsand Sovlet revisionists can never change the law ofhistorical development, nor can they hold back the vic-tory of socialism in the Soviet LTnion and the worldover. U.S. imperialism and Soviet revisionism togetherwith their treasured decadent "Western culture" u,illeventually be buried by the people of the Soviet Union,the United States and the whole world.

Peking Reuiew, No. 44

ACROSS THE LANMw//.///././/tl,r.///:,/.//,//.,/:1rur7,/.1././///././//.////,//..///..//,/

Excellent Situation inTacking Oit{ield

q INCE the start of the great pro-\-/ Ietarian cultural revolution, thernasses of workers and revolution-ary people of the nationaliy knownIaching Oilfield have resolutely im-plemented Chairman Mao's greatpolicy of "grasping revolution andpromoting produetion," and acliievedtremendous results in both revolutionand production,

Holding high the great red bannerof Mao Tse-tung's thought in thegreat cultural revolution, Taching'sproletarian revol'-iiionaries, rvith the.,-rtirkels as the main force, and itsrevolutionary masses have experi-enced a sharp struggie between thetwo classes, bet'rveen the trvo roadsand. between the trvo lines. Theyhave desiroyed the bonrgeois reac-tionary Iine, b,rought to light theagent"s of China's Khrushchov inTaching, repudiated these persons'towering crimes in opposing theParty. socialism aircl Mao Tse-tung'sthought, and smashed their con-

spiratorial attempt to restore capi-talism in Taching. The Revoh-rtionaryCommittee of Taching Oiifieid wasestabiished on May 31 this year.

Since their establishment, therevolutionary committees at tirevarious levels in Taching have ledthe revolutionary masses in the crea-ti.re study and application of MaoTse-tung's thought, in energeticallyrunning Mao Tse-tung's thoughtstudy classes, carr5ring out ChairmanMao's latest series of instructions inan all-round way, and promoting a

deep-going development of struggle-criticism-tlansformation. Up to now,the r.zhole oiifield has run more than6,000 l\'Iao Tse-tung's thought studyclasses of various types.

Following Chairmat'r lVlao's teachingthat "one cf our current importanttasks on the ideological front is to un-fold criticisrn of revisionism," andunder the leadership of their revolu-tionary committee, the masses ofworkers and revolutionary people ofTaching are using Mao Tse-tung'sthought as their \tu'eapon to unfoldrevolutionary mass criticism and re-

The great proletarian cultural revolurion has greatly promoted thegrowttr, of production ant! this year the Taching Oilfielal has surpassetlits previous peak in daily output of erude-oil. Tank ears rvith huge

amounts of Taching crude oil ready for shipment,

Na'-*emher 7, 1968

pudiation on the basis of shifts andgroups. Work-sites, workshops, wellsites, classrooms, farm fields andhouseholds have all become battle-fields for unfolding this mass criti-cism. They scathingly denounce thecounter-revolutionary revisionisttrash peddled by China's Khr"ushchovand his Taching agents on the indus-trial front such as the theory of the"dying out of class struggle," "git,ingfirst consideration to prodttction,""material incentives" and "relyingon experts to manage the factories,"At the saine time, they have purifiedtheir ciass ranks and one by one ex-posed the renegades, enemy agents,and diehard capitalist roaders andunreformed landlords, rich peasants,

counter-revolutionaries, bad element'sand Rightists v,rho had hidden them-selves in the revolutionary ranks.This has treuendousiy strengthenedthe dictatorship of the pi'oletariat.

Following Chairman Mao's 1a1-est

instruction that the rvorking ti:rssmust exercise leadership in et'ery-thing, and under the unified organi-zation and leadership of their revoltt-tionary committee, the masses ofTaching workers have heroicallYstepped on to the political stage ofstruggle-criticism-transformation ofthe superstructure.

The great camPaign of struggle-criticism-transformation is surgingforward vigorously. The Decision ofthe Central Committee of the Chinese

Communist PartY Concerning theGreat Proletarian Cultural Revolu-tion drawn up under the Personalguidance of Chairman Mao Pointsout: "The great proletarian culturalrevolution is a powerful motive forcefor the develoPment oI the social

productive forces in our countrY."Since the beginning of this Yeat',

state plans for the wirole oilfield incrude oil production, processing and

delivery have been fulfilled and over'-

fulfilled every month. Daily outputof crude oil has surPassed its Pre-vious peak. The oilfield's construc-tion tasks for the Third Five-YearPlan were fu1li11ed tu'o years ahead

of schedule.

During the great upsurge in strug-gIe-criticism-transformation, through

f$i

29

revolutioilar':y i.llass critici.sm and re-pudiation, Taching's'$"'orkers havebroken away completeiy from thefo,reign dogmas and old stereotypeswhich had hampered growth of theproductive forces. Their revolution-ary initiative and creati.veness hasburst forth like a volcano, sendingTaching's production steadily up-wards. The revolutionary workersand staff of the No. 1205 drillingteam, which broke the world recordin annual dri',iing footage, have gonein vigorously for technical innova-tions and achieved outstanding re-sults in high*speed drilling this year.

The plant making shots for gun-perforators and the general ma-chinery works together formed a

three*in-one combinartion of u,orkers,as the main body, revoiutionarycadres and revolutionary technicalpersonnel which successfully experi-mented rn'ith a nelv perforaiingtechnology. Adoption of this newtechnology,,which is up to the worldlevel, not only reduces the workers'labour intensity and enormouslyraises efficiency, but saves hunctredsof tons of high-grade alloy steel forthe sta"te each year. Pushing asicic thereactionary bour:geois technical "au-thorities," workers of an oil e:t'r-rac-

tion team did ar,",ay r,.,'ith al] fetishesand superstitioas and expelimentedboldly. They su-cceeded in ttansfolm-ing u'ells not gushing autcn-rati-cal1y into gushers. This provides

valuable experience for speeding thedevelopment of the oilfield. Iron-cladfacts prove that this teaching ofCha.irman Mao's - "The lowly aremost intelligent! The elite are mostignorant" - is a great truth.

Learning from the Tachai people'srevo-.lutionary spirit of self-relianceand hard struggle, the masses ofpoor and lower-middle peasants andrevolutionary members of families ofworkers and staff in Taching thisyear overcame a drought of a gravityrareiy hnown in local history. Theyreapc-d a bumper harvest on theirfarms aird achieved exceilent resultsin their rurai sideiines. This successfoilows orr the extrernely rich harvestof last year.

(Continued from p. 16.)

judiciai organs alone," China's Khrushchov aimed atputting these organs under the control of his bourgeoisheadquarters and turning them into counter'-revolution-ary tools to shield and connive with the class enemiesand to suppress the masses of the people.

China's Khrushehov opposed the exercise of dicta-torship by the masses on the "ground" that "the masses

are backward." He clamoured that the Chinese people

"do not understand democracy." This is a big slanderagainst the Chinese people.

During the period of the democratic revclution, theChinese people, under the wise leadership of the greatleader Chairman Mao, feared no sacrifice in their strug-gle to win victory for the revolution.

During the period of the socialist revolution, theChinese people have in ail their poiitical movementsmade fuli use of their democratic rights to consolidateand strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat.

During the great proletarian cultural revolution,the Chinese people have grasped extensive proletariandemocracy in the form of airing their views, argLlingthings out, using big-character posters, debates, andcriticism and repudiation, and have won deci"ivevictory in their heroic struggle against ihe handful ofclass eiremies represented by China's Khrushchov.

All these facts fully demonstrate that the Chinesepeople have the clearest understanding of dernocracy.They also know best how to exercise dictatorship overthei.r enenries.

30

By uttering the slander that the Chinese people are"backward" and "do not understand democracy," Ci-ri-na's Khrushchov was in fact showing his lear of themasses of the people and vainly trying to use thisslander as a pretext to exerci.se a bourgeois dictatorshipover them.

Chairman Mao teaches us that "Ilaving close tieswith the masses is inost fuudamental in reforming stateorgans." This is the basic guarantee that our pi:oletaria.npolitical power will bring its effectiveness into fulI playand never change its political colour. The "three-in-one" revolutionary committee, which embraces repre-sentatives of the revolutionary masses, the People'sLiberation Army and the revolutionary leading cadies,is able to maintain close links with the masses, greatlydevelop socialist democracy and represent the interesisof the proletariat and other working people to the full-est extent so that our political power strikes deep rootamong the masses.

The broad representative character of the revolu-tionary con:mittee, particularly the direct participationof the representatives of the revolutionary masses,makes the revolutionary committee a brand-new formof organization for the effective exercise oI dictator-shi.p by the masses.

The eloser links between state political power andthe masses of the peopie will help mobiljze the revolu-tionary peopie in their hundreds of millions to eoncernthemselves with the consoiidation of the dictatorship ofthe proietariat and take an acti.;e part in exercisingdictalorship over the class enemies so that they cannotescape the niasses- Tiris strengthens our prole.tariandic'ratcr::hip and ensui'es that our country '"r.ill alwaysmainiain its bright reC colour.

Peking Reuieut, llo. 44

(Continued. froru p. 3.)

He strongly condemned U.S. im-perialism for giving tacit conse,nt tothe Soviet revisionist occupation ofCzechoslovakia and Soviei revi-sionism for acquiescing in the U.S.imperialist occupation of south Viet-nam. He said: Of late, the Soviet re-visionist renegade clique has coercedthe Czechoslovak revisionist leadingclique into signing a so-cailed"treaty" aimed at legalizing theSoviet troops' occupation of Czecho-slovakia. This is a treaty betweenmaster and flunkey, which can in no\vay cover up the crimes of fascistaggression committed by Soviet re-visionism. In the meantime, on theVietnam question, U.S. imperialismand Soviet revisionism are trying byevery possible means to peddle theirbig plot and big swindle of inducing

"peace" tirrough a bomb,ing halt. Hepcinted out that by their sinistercoliusion and persistent e'ril-doingU.S. i.mperialism and Sor.,iei revi--sionism wili in the end only arousethe people to greater indignation andresistance. and hasten their owncomplete eollapse.

He said: In international affairs,Zambia has opposed the sr.i-called"treaty on non-proliferation of nu-cLear rveapons" concocted throughU.S. imperialist and Soviet revi-sionist colleboration, opposed U.S.imperiaiist aggression against Viet-nam, condemned Soviet revisionism'sarrned pg€ression against Czech-oslovakia and supported the Afri-can and Arab peoples in their strug-gle against imperialism and coloniai-ism. We admire Zambia's spirit ofdefying brute force and upholdingjustice.

Chi Peng-fei said: Temperedthrough the great proletarian cul-tural revoluti.on, the 700 millionChinese people, following the teach-ings of their great leader ChairmanMao, will better fuifil their inter-nationalist duty and give morepowerful support to the revolution-ary struggles of the oppressednations and oppressed people of theworId.

He said: The peoples of China andZambia have always sympathizedwith and suppcrted each other inthe cause of opposing irnperialism,colonialism and neo-colonialism andbuilding their respective countries.We are cleeply convinceC that iheprofound friendship between theChinese and Zambian peopies willconstantly devetrop and .become

more consolidated through the jointefforts of our two countries.

Vol. 11, No. 44November 1, 1968

Published in English, French, Spanish,Japanese and German editions

IN TI{IS ISSUE

THE WEEK

ARTICTES AND DOCUMENTS

A New-Type School Where Theory Accords WithProctice-Report of on lnvestigotion Into theWukou Port-Time Teo-Growing ond Psrt-TirneStudy Middle School in Wuyuon County, KicngsiProvince

Peosont-College Student-Peosont: ..Fecssnt-lntellectuol Li Won-hsi

Unprecedentedly Excellent Situotion in Chino's6rest Proletorion Cultursl Revolution

The Dictotorship of the Proletorial ls Dictotorshipby the Mosses - by Proletorion Revo!utionorlesof the Politicol Acodemy of the Chinese People'sLiberotion Army

Soviet-Czechoslovok Treoty Legolizes Tronsformotionoi Czechoslovqkio lnto Soviet Revisionist Colany-Excerpts lrom on editorio! in Albonicn paper Zerii Popullit

Soviet Revisionists' Crime of Sovoge AggressionAgoinst Czechoslovokio Most Strongly Con-demned-Stotement by the Delegotion of theCentrol Committee of the lndonesion CommunistPorty

Soviet Revisionists Hove Degeneroted lnto lm-periclists Woving the Signboord of Sociolism -Stotement by the Cqntrol Commiitee-of the Com-munist Porty oI Brozil condemns Soviet revisionistsIor their crime oI oggression ogoinst Ciechislo-vokio

A Lome Alibi -by Fon Hsiu-ping

Soviet Revisionist Renegodes Step Up CopitolistReorgonizotion of Econonry

Soviet Revisionists: Sordid Salesmen of RecctionoryWesiern Culture - by Huno Tsin'tq and NonHsueh-lin

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Pubiished every Fridoy by PEKING REVIEW, Peking (37), ChinoPost O{fice Registrdtion No,2-922 Cqble Address: Peking 2910

Fri;tecj in tlie People's Republic of Chino

Nore-ntber 1, 1968 JI

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20:30-21.:3021:00-22:@19r30-20:30

23:30-00:3019:30-20:3019:00-20:0020:00-21 :0019:40-2024020t30-21t3020:00-21 :0021fi0-22:O020:40-21:40

18:30-19:3020:30-21 :3019:30-20:3021:3O-22:3O

21 :30-22:3O

22:30-23:3O

19 :00-20:0020:.0A-2'l:C02'l:0O-22:OO22:00-23 CO

1 9:00-20 :002A:O0-21 :A0

(Cope Town,Solisbury)(Dor-es-Soloom)(Cope Town, '

Solisbury)(Dor-es-Sqloom)

(Monrovio)(Accro, Freetown)(Logos)(Coiro)(Monrovio)(Accro, Freetown)(Logos)

(Western lndonesio,Bongkok)(Singopore)(5oigon, Monilo)(Rongoon)(Western lndoneslo,Bongkok)(Singopore)(5oigon, Monilo)(Rongoon)

(Delhi)(Delhi, Colombo)(West Pokiston)(Eost Pokiston)(Kothmondu)(Delhi, Colombo)(West Pokiston)(Eost Pokistqn)(Kothmondu)

(Aust. S.T.)(N.Z,S.T.)(Aust. S.T.)(N.Z.S.T.)

(London, Stock-holm, Poris)(London, Stock-holm, Poris)

(E.S.T.)

(E.S.T.)

(E.S.T.)

(E.S.T.)

(P.S.T.)

(P.S.T.)

40,30

40,30

31,30,25

3',t,30,25

252,3225,19'

224,3231,25,19

24841,40,25',19

41 ,25",19

25,19,16

25,19,16

47,45,32

47+.45.42.32

19,1642,30,25*,19,16

25.,19,1642,30

25,19,1625,19,16

Frequencies marked *

..r / .. i-i

are to ire added this winter., ,*';d