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Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

A technical guide to

Elastomer Compoundsand

Chemical Compatibility

The contents of this document are confidential to and the copyright of Precision Polymer Engineering Limited (PPE). No use of all or any partof this document or the designs, drawings, concepts, representations, specifications and ideas set out in this document can be reproducedwithout the prior written permission of PPE nor may it be made available to any third party with a view to such third party carrying out workbased upon the contents of this document. © Precision Polymer Engineering Limited. May 2006. All rights reserved.

1 Introduction 4

2 Why use PPE? 5

3 PPE Services 6

Component design and computer modelling 6

Polymer materials consultancy and testing 7

Online seal selection resource for engineers 9

4 Perlast® high performance perfluoroelastomers 11

5 How to select the correct seal 12

6 Elastomer compound types & typical properties 14

Material temperature comparison graph 18

7 Industry specific elastomers 19

8 Elastomer trade names 22

9 Chemical compatibility guide 23

10 Elastomer terminology & definitions 47

11 O-ring groove design guidelines 52

12 O-ring moulding tolerances 54

13 International standard O-ring sizes 57

14 A-Z index 65

Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

A Technical Guide to Elastomers

Contents

Co

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Intr

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Industries in which PPE has supplied sealingsolutions include:

• Aerospace

• Bio-analytical

• Chemical Processing

• Food, Dairy and Brewing

• Marine Diesel Engines

• Military / Defence

• Nuclear

• Oil and Gas

• Pharmaceutical

• Power Generation

• Semiconductor

• Water

Seals and components any size, any geometry.PPE can provide an infinite number and variety offully moulded parts including:

• O-rings (0.25mm up to 2m diameter)

• Flat Seals & Gaskets

• Diaphragms

• Pipe Couplings

• Flanges

• ‘X’ rings

• Hygienic seals

• Inflatable seals

• Pneumatic seals

• Micro parts

• Bonded parts (onto metal or plastics)

• Fabric reinforced parts

• Composite parts

• Custom designed parts

Precision Polymer Engineering Limiteddelivers elastomer sealing solutions tothe world’s leading industrial markets.

Founded in 1974, Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd(PPE) has over 30 years experience in designing andmanufacturing high performance O-rings andtechnical elastomer components.

With an unrivalled materials range of over 350different compounds, PPE has an elastomer forevery application.

The combination of advanced materials, technicalexpertise, rapid tooling, design and manufacturingsupport services is unmatched in the sealing industry.

This guide describes the different types ofelastomer available, their typical characteristicsand chemical compatibility, plus factors toconsider when selecting an elastomer for aparticular sealing application.

4

Question:What if you could extend maintenance cycles, optimizeprocess conditions, reduce cost of ownership, and/orincrease the efficiency, performance and reliability of yourequipment?

PPE gives you access to the latest skills and expertise inelastomer technology to ask “what if?”With many years experience across a wide range of industries,PPE can make a valuable contribution toyour business and help you achieve your goals.

PPE aims to become the partner of choice for originalequipment manufacturers, end-users and distributors aroundthe world. If you are interested in developing your “what ifs”into viable business solutions, call PPE today on:+44 (0) 1254 295400.

Standard and non-standard O-ringsHigh performance, fully moulded O-rings are manufactured toorder and available in an infinite range of sizes between0.25mm and 2000mm internal diameter, with order quantitiesranging from 1 to medium volumes.

Range of materialsWith a range of over 350 high performance elastomers on offerand an extensive knowledge base of material compatibility andperformance, PPE ensures the perfect match of material to yourapplication. Every year we develop many new compounds andsealing solutions, so if the ideal sealing material has not yet beencreated, we can develop it for you.

Material approvalsFrom the 17 elastomer types detailed in this brochure, PPEoffers many that meet various international approvals andconformance requirements, such as FDA, USP Class VI, 3-A,WRC, DTD, MIL and NES 337, enabling PPE to provide superiorsealing solutions that meet the needs of specific industries.

Lead-timesResponsive rapid manufacturing service and express deliveryenable parts to be supplied with some of the shortest lead timesin the industry, measured in days rather than weeks.

Technical design service for customisedsolutions Problem solving is central to our culture, providing customers withoptimal design solutions which exceed expectations. PPE has theability to produce and import electronic Computer Aided Design(CAD) drawings using the latest software, as well as using 2D and3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling to explore ‘what if’scenarios, ensuring the final seal design is right first time.(See page 6 for more details).

Technical SupportSupport and expert technical advice are always on hand atPPE. Our engineers and material technologists are able toprovide support on component design, material selection andcompatibility, testing and analysis. Our consultancy serviceand field support includes on-site assistance with problemsolving and troubleshooting.

In-house toolingTool design and manufacture is undertaken in-house using thelatest CAD and CNC machining techniques. This allows PPEto manufacture competitive tooling within hours of the initialdesign concept, which results in exceptionally short lead timesfor non-standard and custom designed components.

Manufacturing facilities/capabilitiesPPE’s manufacturing facility contains some of the mostadvanced equipment in Europe, with the capability ofproducing fully moulded rubber components up to 2 metres indiameter. In addition, critical parts are manufactured in a cleanroom environment and a policy of continuous improvement,supported by extensive investment in facilities, promotesconstant efficiency improvements.

In-house test capabilitiesEquipped with a state-of the-art Materials Characterisation Centreand latest test apparatus, PPE’s Material Technology Departmentcan provide a range of services including: material analysis,product development, characterisation, testing and detailedanalysis of polymeric materials. (See page 7 for more details).

Quality standardsPPE’s quality systems are third-party registered to BS EN ISO9001:2000 and AS9100:2004 with no exclusions to anyclauses. In addition, PPE is regularly assessed by a widerange of customers including leading multi-nationalcorporations. PPE offers full batch traceability of materialsthroughout the full production process together withcertification of conformity supplied on request.

Training and educationWith the benefit of over 30 years experience in polymertechnology and precision component manufacturing, PPEoffers bespoke training courses which are tailored to yourneeds. Our experts will provide delegates with a wealth ofknowledge relating to polymer and sealing technology, from abasic level right up to advanced and specialist subjects.

Why U

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E?

PPE offers a ‘One Stop Shop’ for all your elastomer sealing requirements.5

Why Use PPE?

Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd (PPE) offers acomprehensive design and modelling service for seals, custommoulded elastomers and bonded components.

Typical services include:• Material recommendations, based upon chemical and

mechanical constraints• O-ring size optimisation to maximise sealing efficiency

and life expectancy• Groove size recommendations• Custom seal design

PPE engineers design components using SolidWorks®, whichoffers three dimensional parametric Computer Aided Design(CAD) capabilities. Design intent is captured once into CAD andthen reused to drive all design and manufacturing processes:

• 2D & 3D non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA)using ANSYS®

• Tool manufacture• 3D work instruction generation• 2D inspection drawings

Component design and computer modelling servicesP

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Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

FEA is used to predict contact forces, deformation and stress levels within thecomponent. In order to maximise the accuracy of modelling, PPE engineersgenerate temperature specific material models for specific applications. Byminimising stresses within an elastomer we can reduce the effect of stress-inducedchemical attack and therefore prolong the life of a component in application.

Drawing from a wide range of in-house compounds and a comprehensive supplychain, our design team is able to recommend the most suitable materials for yourapplication, either using solely elastomers, or augmenting them with metals orthermoplastics such as PTFE or PEEK® .

Integrated Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) facilities are used by ourexperienced team of tool designers to ensure that design intent is maintainedwhen manufacturing tooling within our in-house tool manufacture facilities.

Full configuration management is maintained throughout the design andmanufacturing process including the generation of 2D inspection drawings and 3Dmanufacturing instructions. This ensures that requirements are correctly capturedand that the product we deliver meets the needs defined by our customers.

By working closely with our customers we can provide technical expertiseto maximise the performance of our materials in your application.

FEA rendering showing the equivalentstresses produced by the installation,

and then compression of a seal.

Computer generated model showing an inflatableseal for a pharmaceutical application.

Make PPE your sealing partner.

PPE is design-certified to ISO 9001:2000; our team ofdesigners captures customer requirements and translatesthese into hardware recommendations and customdesigns. Various formats of electronic drawings areaccepted including IGES, STEP, PARASOLID, PRO-E® ,Inventor, DXF, DWG, plus many others. These can beimported into SolidWorks® for our team of designengineers to work with. Components are designed in 3DCAD, and when required, are modelled using FEA.

Testing resources:Utilising advanced techniques in material analysis, PPEprovides material characteristics and test data using thefollowing equipment:• Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)• Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)• Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) with attenuated total

reflectance (ATR) accessory• Melt-flow indexer• Shore A hardness meter• IRHD hardness meter• IRHD micro-hardness tester• Tensometer, with environmental chamber and laser

extensometer• Reflux and extraction apparatus.• Densometer• Explosive decompression (ED) testing rig • High pressure seal leak testing

Testing capabilitiesUtilising the most modern analytical techniques, PPE providesdetailed analysis of materials. This work takes a number ofdifferent forms:

Failure AnalysisA seal that has failed in an application is analysed using varioustechniques to identify the cause and mode of failure. This oftenincludes differentiating between thermal and chemicaldegradation and investigating other possible causes - such asmechanical failure, environmental stress, premature ageing,contaminants/inclusions and poor design. PPE providesassistance in recommending alternative designs or materials.

Chemical compatibilitySeal materials are often used in unique combinations of fluidsover a wide variety of temperatures. Test facilities at PPE allowchemical compatibility trials to be performed to addressspecific customer needs. Changes in physical properties forvarious materials can be examined and the most cost effectivesolution found.

Polymer materials consultancy & testing servicesP

PE

Services

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Analysis capabilities:

• Formulation and deformulation

• Research and development

• Failure analysis

• Methods/process development

• Data interpretation

• Polymer identification

• Molecular weight distribution (Rheological method)

• Chemical composition

• Thermal analysis

• Process chemistry and catalyst testing

• Monomer ratios in mixed copolmers/terpolymers

• Reaction kinetic studies

• Dispersion analysis

• Troubleshooting

Precision Polymer Engineering offers an extensive rangeof independent testing and consultancy services forcompanies and organisations which are looking forassistance in investigating polymer materials of any sort.

As our core operations are very closely connected withmaterial development, industrialisation and processing, we arenot just another test house or consultant. We are an idealpartner for organisations seeking practical support to solve achallenge – be it manufacturing, processing, evaluation, failureanalysis or optimisation.

• chemical compatibility testing

• failure analysis

• microscopy

• thermo-mechanical evaluation

• physical property determination

Some of the key testing aspects:

Thermal AnalysisDifferential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)DSC analysis compares the exothermic and endothermicreactions of samples and a reference, as the sample andreference are heated through a defined heating regime. Thetechnique enables the accurate determination of glass transitiontemperatures, crystallization and melting points and in the caseof elastomers, cure characteristics. This technique is valuable forfailure analysis and compound development.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)TGA analysis accurately weighs a sample as it is heated, fromtypically 25°C to 1000°C. As the heating progresses, differentcomponents of the elastomer formulation ‘burn off’ therebyreducing the weight. A step-like pattern emerges whichcorrelates quantitatively with the components of the formulation.This technique is valuable for compound development, reverse-engineering, process control and failure analysis.

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Polymer materials consultancy & testing services

Thermo-mechanical EvaluationUsing environmental chambers to test the physical properties of materials at actual or elevated operating temperatures providespractical results which are much more representative of real-life applications. The data is then used in computer modelling to createaccurate simulations of appropriate seal designs.

SpectroscopyInfra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)FTIR involves passing an infra-red light through or impinging on a sample of material. The light gives up some of its energy, causingvarious molecular structures in the sample to vibrate, twist or stretch; the resultant light is then compared with a reference lightstream and the result is represented as a characteristic plot of peaks. This technique is helpful in ‘fingerprinting’ materials, failureanalysis and compound development.

Explosive Decompression TestingExplosive decompression (ED) damage of elastomer seals occurs when seals areunder high pressure for some time and then rapidly de-pressurised. Gases absorbedinto the elastomer rapidly expand causing the seal to rupture. PPE’s ED testequipment can pressurise seals of various geometries up to 70 MPa (10,000 psi) andcan decompress over any desired cycle or time, whilst at temperatures of up to300°C. Using this equipment, compounds can be developed and tested to overcomethis condition, with pressure, temperature and pressure release cycles simulatingactual field operation, the performance of seal types and grades can be confirmedbefore installation. With a 3L cylinder, the ED test rig has been designed to meet Total,NACE, NORSOK and Shell test requirements with all temperatures, pressures, gasmixtures and depressurisation rates detailed therein. The O-ring carrier insert isinterchangeable to allow O-rings to be tested at various squeeze levels, in face andpiston geometries. This equipment also tests high-pressure sealing capability versusdiametral clearance and back-up ring performance.

The services of the Material Characterisation Centre areavailable at very competitive rates – see our website(www.prepol.com) for more details.

More information on the types of tests undertaken can befound in the ‘Elastomer Terminology’ section of this brochure.

Chemical Compatibility Lookup Wizard / Material Selector ToolIf you would rather not spend time looking up numerous chemicals from pages of lists and tables, we have made it much easier bytransferring all this information onto our website. With just a few clicks to select the appropriate chemicals, the wizard instantly scoresthe various elastomer types against each chemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows you to shortlist the chemicalsand finally suggests the most appropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listed chemicals, which can be sorted and ranked byvarious criteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compression set, etc.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘Material Selector Tool’ from the menu.

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Online seal selection resource for engineers

www.prepol.com A one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.

Datasheets, Specifications and Elastomer GuidesAll the technical specifications and datasheets you will ever need are available in our datasheet download library enabling you toprint-off the latest information for PPE elastomers.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘Datasheet Library’ from the menu.

The document library includes PDF newsletters and technical guides covering: types of elastomer compounds, chemicalcompatibility, food and pharmaceutical seals and seals for diesel engines.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘Literature Library’ from the menu.

O-ring and Groove Dimension Look-up WizardAS and BS dimensions in a flash.This easy to use wizard allows you to quickly identify the best fit standard sized O-ring for your equipment and print off a fulldimensional drawing. No longer do you have to spend hours thumbing through tables and calculating the seal size, the wizard does itall within seconds. It provides AS and BS sizes for the most common seals used in plant equipment, specifically, rod seals, pistonseals, face seals and trapped seals. It also provides a detailed technical drawing of the groove showing all dimensionalmeasurements which can be included in other reports and drawings.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘Hardware Design Tool’ from the menu.

Online HelpdeskNeed help? Got a sealing problem? Look no further than our expertsIf you have a question relating to any aspect of elastomer seals we’ve probably been asked it before. For a quick answer,consult our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page which is constantly updated. If your question doesn’t already appear,don’t be afraid to ask our team of experts, and they will respond promptly.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘FAQ’ from the menu.

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Online seal selection resource for engineers

www.prepol.com A one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.

As part of the PPE Group of companies, Perlast Limitedspecialises in the manufacture of the latest generation ofperfluoroelastomer materials.

is a third generation perfluoroelastomer developedto meet the increasing need for seals with outstanding mechanicalproperties combined with excellent chemical resistance.

This high performance material combines the chemical and thermal resistance ofpolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the elastomeric properties of fluorocarbon (FKM).

is available as AS, BS, metric and custom O-rings, custom mouldings, bondedparts and sheets, in a range of hardnesses from 50 to 90 Shore and in a range of colours.

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Key Industries

Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display (FPD)Plasma resistant and ultra-pure grades.

Pharmaceutical & Bio-anayliticalFDA and USP Class VI compliant grades.

Chemical ProcessingFully fluorinated compounds offer the highest level of chemical resistance.

Food and DairyFDA and FCN compliant materials and metaldetectable seals.

Diesel EnginesHigh temperature and fluid resistant grades.

Oil & GasHigh pressure and high temperature resistantmaterials.

The flexibility of Perlastprovides a number of advantages:

• Available as AS, BS, metric andimperial standard O-rings and non-standard sized O-rings, pluscustom components, compositeparts and bonded parts.

• In-house tooling means thatnon-standard O-rings andcustom components can besupplied just as easily asstandard sizes.

• An extensive range of materialgrades ensuring the optimummaterial for each application.

• Rapid production withexceptionally short lead-times.

Designated by ASTM as an ‘FFKM’ (a perfluoro rubber of polymethylene type, genericallyknown as a perfluoroelastomer) the range of elastomers offer performancecharacteristics that span the most demanding of applications in industries as diverse aspharmaceutical processing,semiconductor manufacture, large diesel engines for ocean linersand power generation plants in remote locations.

perfluoroelastomer parts are produced in a wide range of grades, many of whichcarry the respective approvals for food, pharmaceutical and semiconductor applications.

characteristics:• High temperature stability up to 330°C• Exceptional chemical resistance• Total reliability• High purity• Assured quality

• Steam resistant grades• Low out-gasing under vacuum• Good long-term high temperature

compression set resistance• Low permeability• Longevity

For more information on Perlast®, request a copy of the Perlast Brochure or visit www.perlast.com.

Perfluo

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Selecting the correct sealS

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The process of selecting a seal must take account of a range of different criteria to ensure thatthe optimal material grade and seal size or design is suitable for the application. Key selection criteria broadly fall into three main categories: the service conditions; hardware and seal design considerations; and regulatory or approval requirements.

The flowchart opposite summarises the main steps involved in a selecting the correct seal. To assist engineers further with theselection process, PPE has developed various online tools available at www.prepol.com

Material selector tool – an interactiveelastomer chemical compatibility guideto identify the material grades whichare compatible with various processmedia. More details on page 9.

Hardware design wizard – aninteractive groove/gland dimensioncalculator to select standard BS4518and BS1806 O-ring sizes, with a fulldimensional drawing available to print.More details on page 10.

For the selection of non-standard O-rings and gland design or thedesign of custom seals, please consultthe PPE technical sales team forassistance. Tel. +44 (0) 1254 295400

Service conditions

• What process media will the seal be exposed to (includingthose used in cleaning or maintenance operations)?

• What temperature will the seal be subjected to (bothmaximum and minimum) – in storage, normal operationand extreme conditions (such as equipment overloadscenarios)?

• Will the seal be exposed to low or high pressure? Will this be constant or cycling?

• Will the seal be used in a static or dynamic environment?

• If used dynamically, will the movements be reciprocating or rotary?

• Are there other constraints such as exposure to weathering (eg, UV light, ozone), flame retardancy, electrical conductivity?

• What is the seal life expectancy and what are theconsequences of seal failure?

Design considerations

• What are the shape and dimensions of the housing (or gland) where the seal must fit?

• Will a standard size O-ring be acceptable, or is a non-standard size O-ring or a custom design required?

• How will the seal be installed? Does it need to be self-retained during hardware assembly?

• Are there other constraints which will affect sealdimensions and tolerances, such as hardware out offlatness?

• What is the surface finish of the hardware?

• Are there any constraints on cost versus reliability?

Approval/Specification requirements

• What customer specifications are required?

• What regulatory body standards are required?(e.g. FDA, USP, 3A)

• Does the seal need to be a specific colour?

material selector hardware design bespoke design

Selecting the correct sealS

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Identify operating temperaturerange (max. & min.)

Identify process mediaand environment

Identify possible materialtypes using PPE’s

Chemical Compatibility Guide

Select material types withhigh Tensile Strength.

(Avoid materials such as VMQ/FVMQ)

DYNAMIC

Short-list material gradescomparing specification

requirements againstdatasheets

Standard(imperial)

Standard (metric)

Contact PPE todiscuss requirements

Select a BS4518 O-ringgroove design from PPE’s Hardware Design Tool

Select an AS568 or BS1806 O-ring groove design from

PPE’s Hardware Design Tool

STATIC

YES

NO

CUSTOM PART

O-RING

LOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSUREIs the

operating pressure high or low?

Is the application static

or dynamic?

Are any industry approvals

required?(e.g. FDA)

Is an O-ring or custom

part required?

Compare operating temperature ranges of each type of materialwith the application requirements to produce a short-list of materials

Select softermaterial grades

Select hardermaterial grades

Identify standard size availability(metric/imperial)

ACM (Polyacrylic or Polyacrylate)These rubbers are usually copolymers of ethyl acrylate and avinyl ether and are resistant to heat, hydrocarbon oils and inparticular, oil additives, especially sulphurised types used forlubrication under extreme pressure conditions.

ACM elastomers offer excellent heat resistance; they can typicallybe used at temperatures of 150°C (up to 175°C for limitedperiods). They provide high resistance to ozone, weathering andoxidation but are extremely susceptible to hydrolysis, hence theirunsuitability for use in aqueous media. Compression set and lowtemperature flexibility depends on the base polymer andcompounding choice. ACM elastomers are used primarily wherecombined resistance to heat and oil is required, typical usesinclude O-rings, seals and gaskets mainly for the automotiveindustry, particularly under-bonnet applications.

AEM (Ethylene Acrylic)These elastomers are terpolymers of ethylene, methyl acrylateand a cure site monomer. AEM elastomers offer good resistanceto heat ageing, weathering, aliphatic hydrocarbons and good lowtemperature performance. They show poor resistance to strongacids, hydrolyzing agents and some polar fluids.

AEM applications are similar to those of ACM elastomers, butAEM has the advantage where low temperature flexibility isconcerned. Applications typically include shaft seals, sparkplug boots, CV joint bellows and ignition wire jackets.

AU / EU (Polyester and Polyether Urethane)These elastomers generally show outstanding tensile strength,tear and abrasion resistance, and give excellent protectionagainst oxygen and ozone (except in hot climates, due togreater risk of microbiological attack in AU types, andultraviolet light in the case of EU types). EU elastomers have abetter low temperature flexibility (-35°C typically) and bothhave excellent resistance to high-energy radiation.

Polyurethane rubbers are used where high abrasion resistanceand oil / solvent resistance are required together, e.g. hydraulicseals and gaskets, diaphragms, hoses and roller-skate andskateboard wheels. In all applications, consideration should begiven to hydrolysis and limited heat resistance.

CR (Chloroprene)Chloroprene rubbers are essentially chlorinated polyisoprenes,which exhibit medium resistance to high molecular weight oils.Chloroprene rubbers contain chlorine in the polymer to reducethe reactivity to many oxidising agents, as well as to oil andflame. CR elastomers also have good resistance to ozonecracking, heat ageing and chemical attack. Some of theimportant applications of CR elastomers include Vee-belts,coated fabrics, cable jackets, tyre-sidewalls, seals and gaskets incontact with refrigerants, mild chemicals and atmospheric ozone.

CSM (Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene orChlorosulphonatedpolyethylene)CSM grades contain 24-43% chlorine content to provideexcellent ozone and weather resistance, high resistance tomany oxidising and corrosive chemicals, good resistance todry heat to 150°C, low flammability and gas permeability, andalso good resistance to hot water (when cured with leadoxide). The low temperature properties are generally limited,depending on the chlorine content of the CSM grade used,and the compression set is not very good. CSM elastomersare generally useful in electrical applications, weather resistantmembranes, hoses and acid resistant tank linings.

ECO (Epichlorohydrin)These halogenated linear aliphatic polyethers show excellentresistance to ozone and weathering and very good resistanceto hydrocarbon oils bettered only by polysulphides,fluoroelastomers and high-acrylonitrile nitrile rubbers. Theyexhibit good mechanical properties but are susceptible to sourgas attack. They are unsuitable for use with ketones andesters, alcohols, phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, sour gas,water and steam, and generally not recommended for rubberto metal bonding (they are corrosive to metals). The mainapplications for ECO elastomers are centred on the automotiveindustry, for use as seals, gaskets, diaphragms, cable jackets,belting, plus low temperature Natural Gas diaphragms.

Elastomer types and propertiesE

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Elastomer types are often referred to under standard designations/acronymslisted in ASTM D1418 or ISO 1629. A brief description of each elastomer typeand their typical characteristics follows:

A complete list of current PPE material gradesis available on our website: www.prepol.com

EPR/EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene)These rubbers are mainly available in two structures – as thecopolymer (EPR), or as the terpolymer (EPDM). The propertiesfor both types of rubber are very similar with the polymersexhibiting outstanding resistance to weathering, ozone, waterand steam. These rubbers have good chemical resistance andare particularly recommended for use with phosphate esterbased hydraulic systems. They are typically used in theproduction of window and door seals, wire and cableinsulations, waterproofing sheets and hoses. They are notsuitable for use with mineral oils or petroleum based fluids.These rubbers can either be sulphur or peroxide-cured, ingeneral sulphur-cured grades have superior mechanicalproperties and inferior high temperature properties and vice-versa for peroxide cured grades.

FEP/PFA (Fluoroethylene Propylene-Perfluoroalkoxy)These chemically modified fluorocarbon copolymers(fluoropolymers) appear more like plastic than rubber, they areextremely resilient and show excellent chemical resistance.Mechanical properties are very good even at hightemperatures. Non-stick characteristics are excellent andabrasion resistance can be classified as moderate. Theeffective continuous temperature range is from -100°C to+200/250°C for FEP/PFA respectively. Typical applicationsinclude door seals and sealing systems in diaphragm pumps,cryogenic plants, sealed filter units, corrosive fluid plants, reliefand emergency valves and pneumatics. Fluoropolymers areoften used to encapsulate other elastomers to producecomposite seals.

FEPM or TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)A copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene, FEPM issolely produced by the Asahi Glass Company, and sold underthe name Aflas®. FEPM vulcanisates exhibit similar thermalstability to FKM elastomers, but better electrical resistanceand a different chemical resistance profile. FEPM compoundshave the ability to resist a wide range of chemicalcombinations such as sour gas and oil, acids and strongalkalis, ozone and weather, steam and water, all hydraulic andbrake fluids, alcohols, amine corrosion inhibitors, water-baseddrilling and completion fluids, high pH completion fluids andhigh energy radiation. However, they are not compatible witharomatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. M.E.K.and acetone), organic acetates and organic refrigerants.

FEPM elastomers are suitable for long-term service in air up to225°C and for short periods up to 250°C, but are limited inlow temperature applications. They are finding wideapplications mainly in oil-field operations and chemicalprocessing as O-rings, seals and gaskets, cable insulating andjacketing and hose liners.

FFKM/FFPM (Perfluoroelastomer)FFKMs exhibit outstanding high temperature properties andare the most chemically resistant elastomer available;effectively a rubber form of PTFE. They are superior to FKMelastomers, showing continuous dry-heat resistance to 260°C,with extended performance to 330°C for high temperaturegrades. They are extremely inert chemically and showexcellent resistance to the majority of chemicals that attackother elastomers. Other notable properties include excellentresistance to oil-well sour gases, high temperature steam, lowout-gassing under vacuum and good long-term hightemperature compression set resistance. Typical applicationsare sealing systems for oil refineries, pharmaceutical plant,aerospace, chemical plant and the semiconductor industry.See Page 11 for details of Perlast®, the FFKMPerfluoroelastomer material from PPE.

FKM/FPM (Fluoroelastomer or Fluorocarbon)This class of rubber is available as a copolymer, terpolymer ortetrapolymer; the type determines the fluorine content andthus, chemical resistance. FKM materials are either bisphenol-cured or peroxide-cured for better resistance to wetenvironments. General properties include excellent resistanceto heat, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinatedsolvents and petroleum fluids. Fluoroelastomers have a clearsuperiority in O-ring sealing force retention over most other oil-heat resistant rubbers with the exception ofperfluoroelastomers such as Perlast® (see page 11).FKM/FPMs do show poor resistance to ethers, ketones,esters, amines and hydraulic fluids based on phosphateesters. Special compounds are required to provide suitableresistance to hot water, steam and wet chlorine. Typicalapplications are for valve-stem seals, crankshaft seals, dieselengine cylinder O-ring seals, pinion seals, glow plug seals,ducting expansion joints and seals for the aerospace industry.


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FVMQ (Fluorosilicone)FVMQ elastomers are modified silicone rubbers, which havemany of the properties associated with silicone rubber butshow great improvements in oil and fuel resistance. Typicalproperties include excellent resistance to ozone, oxygen,weathering and non-adhesive characteristics. They have avery wide service temperature range and low chemicalreactivity. They do however have low tensile strength, poortear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability. Typicaluses include sealing systems requiring wide temperatureexposure and resistance to aerospace fuels and oils.

IIR (Butyl)This copolymerised structure of isobutene and isoprene hasan effective long-term temperature range of -50° to +120°C.The key properties for this rubber are very low gaspermeability and water absorption with very good resistanceto ozone, weathering and oxygen. All grades have very lowelastic resilience and are suitable for use with many fluidsexcept for mineral and petroleum based chemicals. Typicalapplications are tyre inner tubes, vacuum seals andmembranes, pharmaceutical enclosures and shock absorbers.

IR (Polyisoprene)Synthetic version of natural rubber; its strengths and uses aresimilar, but its relative purity means that IR materials tend to

crystallise less at low temperatures. Consequently, it hasbetter performance at lower temperatures but, at normaltemperatures, its performance is inferior to natural rubber.

NBR (Nitrile or Acrylonitrile Butadine)The properties of this copolymer are governed by the ratios ofthe two monomers acrylonitrile and butadiene. Nitrile rubbercan be classified as three types based on the acrylonitrile(ACN) content (low, medium and high). The higher the ACNcontent, the higher will be the resistance to aromatichydrocarbons. The lower the ACN content, the better will bethe low temperature flexibility. The most commonly specified,and the best overall balance for most applications is,therefore, 'medium nitrile'.

High Nitrile: >45% ACN content

Medium Nitrile: 30 – 45% ACN content

Low Nitrile: < 30% ACN content

General characteristics of NBRs include excellent resistance toaliphatic hydrocarbon oils, fuels and greases, very low gaspermeability, improved heat ageing and ozone resistance,improved tensile and abrasion strength, hardness, density andlow compression set. Typical applications are as gaskets andseals, hoses and cable jacketing in hydraulic/pneumaticsystems and oil/hydrocarbon based environments.


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Copolymer, Terpolymer or TetrapolymerFluoroelastomer or fluorocarbon (FKM/FPM) materials are available in three general types dependingon their fluorine content and the number of monomers contained within the polymer:

TypeFluorineContent

Advantages/Disadvantages

Copolymer(A/E)

65-65.5%

Contains two monomers (simple molecules from which polymers are built).General purpose, most common, most widely used for sealing. Best compression set and very good fluid resistance.Often referred to as 'A' and 'E' type grades.These are normally the least cost types of compound.

Terpolymer(B or F)

67%

Contains three monomers.Better fluid and oil/solvent resistance than copolymers but at the expense ofpoorer compression set resistance.Often referred to as 'B' or ‘F’ type grades.‘F’ grades offer superior fluid resistance over ‘B’ grades.

Tetrapolymer(G)

67-69%

Contains four monomers.Improved fluid, acid, solvent resistance over other types. Compression set betterthan terpolymers. These are sometimes known as 'G' grades.In addition, certain tetrapolymers have good low-temperature flexibility.Tetrapolymers are the most costly of the three types listed here.Tetrapolymer materials can also be referred to as GF, GLT and GFLT gradeswhich correspond to Viton® FKM materials.

GF – Good high temperature performance and chemical resistance but reduced mechanical properties and low temperature performance.

GLT – Improved low temperature performance but reduced chemical resistance.GFLT – Good all-round low/high temperature performance and chemical resistance.

Viton® is a registered trade name of Dupont Performance Elastomers.

HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile)HNBR elastomers are a saturated version of NBR, showingsuperior heat resistance. General properties include excellentwear resistance, high tensile strength, high hot-tear resistance,low compression set and very good ozone and weatheringresistance. They also exhibit good resistance to many oiladditives, hydrogen sulphide, high-energy radiation and aminespresent in crude oil.

HNBRs fill the gap between NBRs and FKMs in many areas ofapplication where resistance to heat and aggressive media arerequired simultaneously, and may therefore provide a lower costalternative to FKM elastomers. Typical applications are in extremeenvironments such as oil-fields and under-bonnet automotive.

NR (Natural rubber )Natural rubber (tapped from the cultivated rubber tree) exhibitshigh tensile strength, abrasion resistance, resilience, tearstrength and low hysteresis. These rubbers exhibit the bestlong range elasticity.

The chemically similar IR (polyisoprene) has lower strengthproperties than the natural form but better low-temperatureperformance. Both rubbers are susceptible to degradation byweathering, and both show poor resistance to mineral andpetroleum-based oils and fuels.

Main applications apart from tyres are for vibration mounts,springs and bearings.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)Polytetrafluoroethylene is not an elastomer but an extremelyinert thermoplastic, unaffected by virtually all known solvents.It also exhibits this inert characteristic over a wide range oftemperatures. Its hardness and lack of elasticity prevents itsgeneral use as an elastomeric sealing ring, but it is often usedas a back-up ring. Typical applications are backing rings,bearings and non-stick requirements, or for use in compositeseals when combined with elastomers.

SBR (Styrene-Butadiene)This copolymer of styrene and butadiene is used in generalapplications where exposure to mineral oils is not required.Originally developed to replace natural rubber, it performsbetter at high temperatures, although tensile strength,resilience and abrasion resistance are inferior at lowertemperatures. SBRs have inferior weathering and chemicalresistance to most other elastomers. Typical applications aresealing requirements for hydraulic braking systems.

TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene) See FEPM.

VMQ/PVMQ (Silicone)These elastomers, which include the phenyl substitutedsilicones are noted for their high and low temperatureapplications (phenyl silicones offer exceptionally low temperatureflexibility). They have excellent resistance to ozone andweathering and good resistance to compression set at hightemperatures. They do, however, have poor tensile strength, low tear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability.Silicones have a low level of combustible components; evenwhen exposed to flame, the elastomer is reduced to a non-conducting silica ash. Silicones also exhibit excellentcompression set and high physiological inertness (tasteless,odourless and completely non-toxic). Silicones are also resistantto bacteria, fungi, a wide range of media including high energyradiation and excellent release properties (except to glass).Platinum-cured silicones offer enhanced levels of purity and lowextractables making them ideal for pharmaceutical, biomedicaland food & drink applications.


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This graph positions the various elastomer types according to typical temperature and chemical resistance. Elastomers which are inthe top right-hand corner are considered high performance elastomers.

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Elastomer types and properties


This graph shows the typical useful operating temperature range of each elastomer type.

Typical temperature capability of elastomers

Normal operating temperature short-term operation or specialhigh temperature grade required

short-term operation or speciallow temperature grade required

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Elastomers for specific industries and applications

In some industries, elastomers must meet certain requirements or comply withspecific regulations and standards. Below is a summary of criteria required invarious industries:-

Aerospace/DefenceApproved to ISO 9001/2000 and AS9100, PPE’s short lead-times and production capabilities fit well with therequirements of maintenance, repair and overhaul operations.Military customers, in particular, take advantage of our efficientmake-to-order capabilities where limitations on cure dates (shelflife) prevent speculative stock holding of spares. A range ofmaterials are available which conform to the test requirementsof the DTD and MIL specs, these materials are used in a widerange of aircraft and support systems.

In addition to the more traditional areas of sealing such as inelectrical and fuel systems, our materials with extremetemperature capabilities such as phenyl silicones and Perlast®

perfluoroelastomers are being specified for demandingapplications such as jet engines, laser infra-red countermeasures and high pressure gas generators.

Elastomers typically used in this industry include high FKMs,low temperature FKM, ultra-low compression set FKM, lowtemperature fluorosilicones, nitriles (NBR), special EPDMs andultra-high temperature FFKMs.

Defence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring sealsused on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarinesand their associated systems and equipment. Typical systemapplications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuelsystems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range ofnitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet therequirements of this specification.

NuclearExpertise and capabilities in the design and development ofseals for high containment applications, from material processthrough to transportation and storage. A wide range ofmaterials are available that are suitable for use with ionisingradiation and hazardous materials, including industry-acceptedEPDM, Nitrile, FKM and Polyurethane grades.

Marine Diesel, Generator Sets and Power Generation PPE is a world-leading supplier of seals for diesel and gasengines for both marine propulsion and electricity generation(gen sets). Our seal designs and high performance materialscontinue to be specified on 2 and 4 stroke engines from smallto large capacity, where typical life expectancy of >20,000hours is required. PPE materials have been developed for

long-term resistance to coolants, lubricating oils, corrosioninhibitors and fuels - from high grade diesel and unrefinedgases to aggressive heavy fuel oils (HFO). Our materials havea proven track record in the most arduous areas such as thecylinder liners, flame deck, fuel delivery and exhaust valve seatapplications where planned maintenance schedules are metand even exceeded.

For applications calling for the use of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride)insulating gas and oil filled transformers, our specially formulatedE70V EPDM grade with low electrical conductivity ensures longservice life in extreme weather conditions.

Elastomers typically used in this industry include EPDM, NBR,HNBR, fluorocarbons (FKM), silicone (VMQ) andperfluoroelastomers (FFKM) for ultimate temperature andchemical resistance.

Ask for a copy of our ‘High Performance Elastomer Seals forDiesel Engines’ brochure or download it from our websitewww.prepol.com.

Chemical ProcessingSealing for the chemical processing industry requires highperformance materials which offer excellent high temperatureand aggressive chemical resistance. The diverse range ofmarkets within this industry, including petrochemical andpharmaceutical, demand outstanding sealing performance,reliability and increased service life, which in turn extendspreventative maintenance cycles of mechanical seals.

From our extensive range of elastomer compounds we can offermaterials that meet various international approvals andconformance requirements, enabling us to provide superiorsealing solutions for pumps, valves, mechanical seals, pipecouplings and reactors which meet the needs of our customers.

Pharmaceutical & Bio-analyticalPPE offers a full range of sealing solutions for pharmaceutical andbio-analytical industries where both mechanical and chemicalproperties are crucial, and hygienic sealing capability is critical.

PPE's pharmaceutical material grades include EPDM, Nitrile,Silicone, FKM and FFKM, which have been speciallydeveloped to withstand steam-in-place (SIP) and clean-in-place (CIP) procedures within pipework and vessels. Inaddition, many of these materials are compliant with therequirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),United States Pharmacopeia - Class VI (USP Class VI) and 3-A Sanitary Standards.

Request a copy of our ‘Elastomer Seals for the Food andPhamaceutical Industries’ brochure or download it from ourwebsite www.prepol.com.

PPE materials which are suitable for all the aboveindustries are listed on our website: www.prepol.com

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SemiconductorSemiconductor productionenvironments represent someof the most aggressiveenvironments encountered byseals. Seals have to be madeof ultra-pure materials, surviveextreme temperatures and amixture of fluorinated gases.For these reasons, seals for the semiconductor industry are atthe cutting edge of material technology.

PPE scientists and technicians have created a range ofspecially developed high performance materials for use incritical semiconductor environments. Emphasis is placed onproviding a comprehensive range of materials, including thelatest generation of Perlast® Perfluoroelastomers, which offerenhanced performance and improved functionality.

The relentless drive to improve productivity and increase waferyields has resulted in increased process temperatures, use ofmore aggressive gases and increased plasma density, all ofwhich place escalating demands on current sealing technology.

Perlast® compounds have been created to withstandtemperatures up to 330°C in aggressive media such as activatedfluorine-based chemistries. The result is a new range of materialsthat will help extend maintenance cycles, reduce particlegeneration and lower chamber leakage rates.In addition, PPE can also provide FKM copolymers in black, white,brown and green, fluorosilicones in blue and translucent, plus theinnovative Nanofluor™ ultra pure, nano-filled fluoropolymer.

Request a copy of our ‘Perfluoroelastomers for SemiconductorApplications’ brochure or download it from our website.

Offshore (Oil & Gas)Precision Polymer Engineering has supplied high performanceO-ring seals and custom mouldings into the oilfield industry forover 25 years. Specialist grades of elastomer are specificallytailored to meet the challenges of the most inhospitableoperating environments in the world, encountering explosivedecompression, sour gas, extreme temperatures andaggressive chemicals.

PPE supplies components into a wide range of applications,including safety critical rubber/metal bonded blow-outpreventor seals, low friction sampling cylinder seals and fullymoulded O-rings up to 2 metres in diameter for use on pipecouplings and large pumps.

We offer components with high sealing efficiency for systemsoperating in environments with high temperature combinedwith high pressure such as ultra-deep water drilling to 210MPa (30,000 PSI) and 260°C.

Our broad range of compounds allows our material andengineering teams to specify the right solution for every sealingsystem. Elastomers typically used in this industry include NBR,HBNR, fluoroelastomer (FKM - copolymers, terpolymers &tetrapolymers), Kemex™, Aflas® and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

Explosive decompression (ED) resistant grades are availablefrom PPE in Aflas®, FKM and HNBR. In addition, ED testing isavailable in our state-of-the-art material characterisation centre– see page 8 for more details.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)The Food and Drug Administration is the US Federal Agencyresponsible for ensuring that foods are safe, wholesome andsanitary; human and veterinary drugs, biological products andmedical devices are safe and effective; cosmetics are safe;and electronic products that emit radiation are safe.

Although the jurisdiction of the FDA is in theory restricted tothe United States, FDA regulations are commonly adopted asinternational control standards.

Through its Codes of Federal Regulations the FDA provides alist of materials and chemicals that are approved for contactwith foodstuffs. CFR 21.177.2600 describes the relevantregulations for ‘Rubber articles intended for repeated use’.This lists the ingredients and any quantitative limits that maybe used in a rubber compounds for moulded productsintended for repeated use in all stages of food manufacture,preparation and transportation.

CFR21.177.2600 also specifies limits on extractable productsif the elastomer is to be used in contact with aqueous or fattyfoods. The regulation specifies extraction test limits in waterand n-hexane. It is important to note that for an elastomer tobe compliant to these requirements, then this claim must besupported with appropriate documentation.

The FDA does not ‘approve’ products to CFR21.177.2600; itis for the manufacturer of the finished rubber product todemonstrate compliance. It is also important to note thatwhilst a component may be made from a material that issuitable for food contact, this does not mean that the part istechnically suitable for its intended application.

PPE offers an extensive range of FDA-compliant materialgrades that is unrivalled in the sealing industry. The rangeincludes EPDM, nitrile (NBR), HNBR, silicone, chloroprene,fluoroelastomer (FKM) and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

In addition, PPE has developed an exciting new range of metaldetectable elastomer compounds designed specifically to meetthe stringent demands of the food processing industry. TheDETECTASEAL™ range includes FDA-complaint grades withcompounds available in blue, white and black.DETECTASEAL™ O-rings have been tested and proven in useat leading food manufacturing plants in the UK.

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Food Contact Notification (FCN)The Food and Drug Administration Modernisation Act of 1997provides a system whereby a manufacturer or supplier offood-contact material may submit an FCN to the FDAregarding the identity and use of the new food contactsubstance, together with necessary data to demonstrate thatthe substance is safe for its intended use. FCN is a formalacceptance of a material by the FDA, so it is fundamentallydifferent to self-certification to FDA CFR21.177.2600.

An FCN application requires a detailed analysis of thecompound, its constituents, toxicological effects and intendeduses, and is much more rigorous than the requirements ofCFR21.177.2600. The complexity and high cost of the FCNprocess means that only a limited range of very highperformance perfluoroelastomer materials, that are used incritical and very demanding applications, have FCN acceptance.

PPE offers a number of perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) gradeswhich are FCN accepted, ranging in hardness.

USP Class VIThe United States Pharmacopeia is a US non-governmentorganisation that promotes public health by establishing state-of-the-art standards to ensure the quality of medicines andother health care technologies.

Whilst this organisation is concerned with the pharmaceuticaland bio-technology industries, many manufacturers of hygienicequipment will be producing multi-purpose designs to be usedin a range of different industry sectors.

Standards are published by the United States Pharmacopeiain the National Formulary (USP-NF). Compliance to USP ClassVI is often requested by end users. Testing for complianceinvolves an assessment of the effects of the material, andextractables, on tissue.

PPE offers a range of material grades approved to USP 29,NF24, 2006 for the Biological Test for Plastics,Class VI including EPDM, Silicone, Fluoroelastomer (FKM) andPerfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

3-A Sanitary Standards Inc.Formed by the US food and dairy industry, 3-A SanitaryStandards Inc. defines specifications and best practice for thedesign, manufacture, installation and use of hygienicequipment. As with FDA, the 3-A Standards are adopted on aworldwide basis.

Standard no. 18-03, ‘3-A Sanitary Standard for multiple-userubber and rubber-like materials used in product contact surfacesin dairy equipment’ describes requirements for food qualitymaterials that must also be suitable for cleaning and sanitising.

To comply with the requirements of the Standard, the elastomermaterials must comply with FDA CFR21.177.2600 and also beresistant to steam sterilisation, milk fat, acid and alkali cleaningsolutions and chlorine sanitising agents. The PPE elastomersmeeting Classes I, II and III of the 3-A Standard includeFluorocarbon (FKM), Silicone, EPDM and Nitrile, allowingmanufacturers to select the most appropriate elastomer accordingto temperature, chemical and physical performance criteria.

Potable Water Grade SealsIn the UK, FDA-compliant materials approved for drinking waterapplications, must also satisfy the requirement of BritishStandard BS2494 (type W) for the Water Research Council in theUnited Kingdom. The testing regime for WRC approval isdifferent to FDA testing, in that it requires elastomer products tobe tested to ensure that they do not promote the propagation ofbacteria and do not give any taint to potable water.

KTW (Germany) specifies the requirements ofelastomers in potable water as set out by theGerman Technical and Scientific Associationfor Gas and Water (DVGW) in the regulation“Arbeitsblatt W270”.

In France, the medical control of the water intended for humanconsumption is controlled by l’Autorite de Controle Sanitaire (ACS).

Drinking water approvals vary from country to country, althoughit is common for one country to use a material that has beenapproved under the standard of another country. Our technicalteam can advise on which products are suitable for drinkingwater applications against a number of national standards.

Request a copy of our ‘Elastomers for the Food, Water andDairy Industries’ or download it from our website.

Explosive Decompression ResistantPermeation of a gas into an elastomer under high pressuremay not result in any long term effect provided the pressure isreleased gradually, allowing the gas to permeate out of theelastomer. However, if the pressure is released rapidly, thepressurised gas can expand explosively, rupturing theelastomer in a catastrophic manner. PPE offers a number ofmaterials which have been formulated to be resistant toexplosive decompression including Aflas®, FKM and HNBR

PPE posses one of the most advanced explosivedecompression testing units in Europe. Capable of testingseals of various geometries up to 10,000 psi, under varyingcompression, over any desired cycle/time within a temperaturerange from subzero up to +250°C. With pressure, temperatureand pressure release cycles simulating actual field operation,independent testing can be carried out to confirm theperformance of seal types and grades before installation (seepage 8 for more details).

Gas Specification MaterialsMaterials formulated in accordance with British StandardBS2494 (type ‘G’) are suitable for gas applications in theUnited Kingdom. The British Gas Specification BGC/PS/LC6sets out the physical properties and quality requirements forseals and gaskets used in gas applications.

PPE offers a range of nitrile (NBR) grades which areformulated in accordance with this specification.

NES 337 MaterialsDefence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring sealsused on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarinesand their associated systems and equipment. Typical systemapplications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuelsystems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range ofnitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet therequirements of this specification.

ASTM D1418 – Standard practice for rubber and rubber lattices – nomenclature* ISO 1629 – Rubber and rubber lattices – nomenclature

Registered trademark holders:Perlast® - Precision Polymer Engineering. Aflas® - Asahi Glass. Baypren®, Therban®, Polysar Butyl®, Perbunan®, Krynac®, Tornac®, Polysar EPDM®, Siloprene®, Vulkollan®, Urepan®, Desmopan® – Bayer. Epcar®, Estane®,Hydrin®, Hycar® – BF Goodrich. Breon®, Butaclor® – BP Chemcials. Carom® – Chemisches Kombinat. Buna Huls®, Buna AP®, Buna-N® – Chemische Werke Huls. Elastothane® – Compounding Ingredients. Epsyn® –Copolymer Rubber. Dai-el®, Neoflon FEP®, Neoflon PFA® - Daikin Industries. Noralon® – Denki Kagugi Chemcial. Pellethane® – DOW Chemical. Silastic®, Silastic LS® – DOW Corning. Keltan® – DSM. Neoprene®, Hypalon®,Teflon FER®, Teflon PFA®, Nordel®, Vamac®, Viton®, Kalrez® – Dupont Performance Elastomers. Fluorel®, Fluorel II®, BRE® – Dyneon. Cyanacryl®, Europrene®, Europrene N®, Europrene AR® – Enichem Elastomeri. Esso Butyl®– Esso. Exxon Butyl® – Exxon Chemical. Solprene® – Fina Chemicals. Silplus®, FSE® – General Electric. Chemigum®, Natsyn®, Pliolite®, Plioflex® – Goodyear. Chemraz®, Fluoraz® – Greene Tweed. Herclor® – HerculesChemcial. Denka®- JSR. Dutral®, Tecnoflon® – Solvay-Solexis. Noxtite PA® – Nippon Oil Seal Industry. Butakon® – Revertex. Rhodorsil® – Rhone Poulenc. Shell Isoprene Rubber®, Cariflex® – Shell International Chemical.Skyprene® – Todo Soda. Royalene®, Paracil®, Adiprene®, Vibrathene® – Uniroyal Inc. Butacril® – Was Ugine Kuhlmann. Gechron®, Nipol®, Nipolar®, Zetpol® – Zeon Chemicals.

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Elastomer trade names

ASTM D1418Abbreviation

Chemical name Trade names

ACM Polyacrylate (Polyacrylic)Europrene-AR®, Krynac®, Nipolar®, Hycar®,Cyanacryl®, Noxtite-PA® P

AEM Ethylene Acrylic Vamac® W

AQUEU

Polyester Urethane

Polyether Urethane

Vibrathane®, Pellethane®, Urepan®,Elastothane®, Adiprene®, Desmopan®,Vulkollan®, Estane®

Q

CR ChloropreneNeoprene®, Skyprene®, Butclor®, Baypren®, Denka® C

CSM Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene(Chlorosulphonated polyethylene)

Hypalon®, Noralon® L

ECO Epichlorohydrin Hydrin®, Herclor®, Gechron® H

EPDEPDM

Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer

Ethylene-Propylene Terpolymer

Buna-AP®, Dutral®

Epsyn®, Nordel®, Epcar®, Keltan®, Royalene®, Polysar-EDM®

E

FEPPFA

Fluoroethylene PropylenePerfluoroalkoxy

Teflon FEP®, Neoflon FEP®

Teflon PFA®, Neoflon PFA® D

FEPM See TFE/P Aflas®, Dyneon BRE® A

FFKM/FFPM* Perfluoroelastomer Perlast®, Kalrez®, Chemraz® G

FKM/FPM* Fluoroelastomer Viton®, Dai-el®, Fluorel®, Tecnoflon® V

FVMQ Fluorosilicone Silastic LS®, FSE® F

HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Therban®, Tornac®, Zetpol® Z

IIR Butyl Rubber Exxon Butyl®, Polysar Butyl®, Esso Butyl® J

IR Isoprene Shell Isoprene Rubber® R

NR Natural Rubber Natsyn® R

SBR Styrene Butadine (Buna-S)Cariflex S®, Plioflex®, Europrene®, Pliolite®,Buna Huls®, Carom®, Solprene® B

PPEPrefix

NBRXNBR

Nitrile Butadine

Carboxylated Nitrile

Breon, Butakon®, Chemigum®, Hycar®

Buna-N®, Butacril®, Paracil®, Perbunan®,Krynac®, Europrene-N®, Nipol®

N

TFE/P Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene Aflas®, Flourel ll®, Fluoraz® A

VMQPVMQ

Silicone Silastic®, Siloprene®, Rhodorsil®, Silplus® S

The trade names listed above are correct at the time of printing.

The following chemical compatibility table is available as aninteractive wizard online at www.prepol.com. Simply selectthe appropriate chemicals from the list and the wizard willinstantly score the various elastomer types against eachchemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows a

shortlisting of the chemicals and finally suggests the mostappropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listedchemicals, which can be further sorted and ranked by variouscriteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compressionset, etc.

This guide is intended to provide assistance in determining thesuitability of various elastomer types in different chemicalenvironments. The ratings are based on volume swell datawhich has been compiled from published literature, laboratory

tests, actual field experience and informed judgments. As laboratory tests do not necessarily predict end-useperformance, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure suitability in application.

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Chemical compatability guide

Volume change (swell) is only an indicator of fluid compatibility and is intended as a typical guideline for comparative purposes. Fluidattack of the polymer may affect various physical properties, including tensile strength, hardness and elongation. Elevatedtemperatures can exacerbate chemical attack on elastomers, therefore in some cases it may be necessary to select specialformulations which offer improved performance. Please contact PPE for technical support and assistance when choosing the rightelastomer for a specific application.

NOTE: The information given in this guide is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate and reliable. For actual applications,appropriate testing and validation is mandatory. No representation, guarantee of performance or warranties of any kind are made.

Online Interactive Chemical Compatibility Wizard / Material Selector

Rating System

Rating DescriptionVolumeChange

Comments

1 Excellent <10% Little or no effect.

2 Good 10–20%Moderate swelling and change in physical properties.May be suitable for static applications.

3 Doubtful 20–40%Significant swelling and noticeable change in physical properties. Questionable performance, caution advised if used.

4 Do not use >40% Not suitable.

No data available Insufficient information available for rating.

Select ‘Technical’ and ‘Chemical Compatibility’ from the menu.

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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S

Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only

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)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use

* = Special formulation

Acetaldehyde 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2Acetamide 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 1Acetic acid (dilute) 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1Acetic acid (glacial) 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2Acetic acid (hot, high pressure) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 3

Acetic anhydride 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2Acetic oxide (Acetic anhydride) 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2Acetone 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4Acetone cyanohydrin 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 3 4 4Acetonitrile (Methyl cyanide) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

Acetophenone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Acetyl acetone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Acetyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) 1 1 1 4 2Acetylene (Ethyne) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 2

Acetylene tetrabromide 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde) 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4Acrylaldehyde 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide) 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4Adipic acid 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Alkane (Dodecyl benzene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 2 4Alkane sulfonic acid 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2Alkazene (Dibromoethylbenzene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4Alkyl aryl sulfonate 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2Allyl alcohol 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1

Allyl bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Allyl chloride 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 4Alum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1Aluminium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 4Aluminium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Aluminium fluoride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2Aluminium hydroxide 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2Aluminium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 2Aluminium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Aluminium potassium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 1Aluminium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1Aluminium sodium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Aluminium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1Amines 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2

Aminobenzene (Aniline) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4Aminobutane (Butyl amine) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3Aminosalicylic acid 1 1Ammonia , anhydrous 1 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2Ammonia gas, cold 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 1

24

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CSM

VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Ammonia gas, hot 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1Ammonium acetate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1Ammonium bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ammonium bifluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2Ammonium bisulfite 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2

Ammonium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ammonium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 2Ammonium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3Ammonium cupric sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1Ammonium dichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1

Ammonium fluoride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1Ammonium fluosilicate 1 1Ammonium hydrogen fluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2Ammonium hydroxide, 3 molar 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1Ammonium hydroxide, conc. 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 1 1

Ammonium iodide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ammonium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 1 3Ammonium nitrite 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 3 4 1 3 1 2Ammonium oxalate 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2Ammonium perchlorate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2

Ammonium persulfate 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 1Ammonium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1Ammonium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1Ammonium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1Ammonium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 1

Ammonium sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ammonium thiocyanate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Ammonium thiosulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Amyl acetate 1 3 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Amyl alcohol (Pentanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 4

Amyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 3Amyl borate 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 1Amyl chloride (Chloropentane) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 2 4 4Amyl chloronaphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Amyl naphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4

Amyl nitrate 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 1 2Amyl phenol 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 4Aniline (Aminobenzene) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4Aniline dyes 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 2 3Aniline hydrochloride 1 1 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 2 2 4 3

Aniline oil 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4Aniline sulfate 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 2Animal oils & fats 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2Anisole (Methyl phenyl ether) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3Anone (Cyclohexanone) 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

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AEM

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Q (F

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CSM

VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Anthraquinone 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1Antifreeze 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1Antimony pentachloride 1 4 1 4 4 4 4Antimony trichloride 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2Aqua regia 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4

Argon 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 2Aromatic fuels 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Arsenic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1Arsenic trichloride 1 4 1 1 3 4 2 4 4 2 4Ascorbic acid 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2

Askarel 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Asphalt 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 4ASTM fluid 101 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4ASTM fuel A (aliphatic) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4ASTM fuel B (30% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 4

ASTM fuel C (50% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4ASTM fuel D 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 4ASTM oil 1 (high aniline) 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1ASTM oil 2 (medium aniline) 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 4ASTM oil 3 (low aniline) 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 3

ASTM oil 4 (high aniline) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4Automatic transmission fluid 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 4Barium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Barium chlorate 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 2Barium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium cyanide 1 1 1 3 1Barium hydrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Barium hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1Barium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2Barium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Barium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1Barium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1Beer 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1Benzal chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Benzaldehyde 2 2 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Benzene (Benzol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Benzene sulfonic acid, 10% 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 1 4Benzine (Ligroin) (Nitrobenzine) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4Benzochloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4Benzoic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Benzophenone 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 2Benzoyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Benzoyl peroxide 1 1 1Benzyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4Benzyl alcohol 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 1

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AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

osili

cone

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CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Benzyl benzoate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Benzyl chloride (Chlorotoluene) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Benzyl dichloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Beryllium chloride 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3Beryllium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2

Biphenyl (Phenylbenzene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Bismuth carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Black sulfate liquors (cold) 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2Blast furnace gas 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1Bleach liquor 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 3 2 2 1 2

Borax (Sodium borate) 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 2Bordeaux mixture 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1Boric acid (Boracic acid) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Boron fluids (HEF) 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 2 4 4Boron trichloride 1 1

Brake fluid (glycol base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3Brake fluid (mineral oil base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 3Brake fluid (silicone oil base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3Brine (Salt water) 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1Bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4

Bromine 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Bromine pentafluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Bromine trifluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Bromobenzene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Bromochloro trifluoroethane 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4

Bromochloromethane 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 4Bromoethane (Ethyl bromide) 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4Bromotoluene 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Bromotrifluoromethane 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4Bunker oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 2

Butadiene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Butane (Butyl hydride) (LPG) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4Butanediol 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 2Butanol (Butyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3Butene (Butylene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Butoxyethanol (Butyl cellosolve) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Butter 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2Butydigol (Butyl carbitol) 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4Butyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Butyl acetyl ricinoleate 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 2

Butyl acrylate 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1Butyl alcohol (Butanol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3Butyl amine (Aminobutane) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3Butyl benzoate 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Butyl bromide 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4

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CSM

VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Butyl butyrate 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4Butyl carbitol 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4Butyl cellosolve (Butoxyethanol) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Butyl chloride (Chlorobutane) 1 4 1 3 3 4 2 3 1 4 2Butyl ether 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4

Butyl hydride (Butane) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4Butyl oleate 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3Butyl phenol 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4Butyl phthalate (Dibutyl phthalate) 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 4Butyl stearate 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 4 3

Butylene (Butene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Butyraldehyde 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Butyric acid 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4Butyric anhydride 1 4 1 3 3 3 2Butyrone (Dipropyl ketone) 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4

Cadmium chloride 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2Cadmium nitrate 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2Cadmium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2Calcine liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1Calcium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4

Calcium bisulfate 1 2 1 2 1 1Calcium bisulfide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2Calcium bisulfite 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 1 2 1 3Calcium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium chlorate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Calcium hydrosulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 3

Calcium hypochloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 3Calcium hypochlorite 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 1 2Calcium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2Calcium oxichloride 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2Calcium oxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium permanganate 1 1 1 1Calcium phosphate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Calcium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium sulfate (Gypsum) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Calcium sulfhydrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Calcium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 2Calcium sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1Calcium thiosulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1Caliche liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

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AEM

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VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Camphor 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 2 4Cane sugar liquor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1Capric acid (Caproic acid) 1 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2Caproic aldehyde 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 2Capryl alcohol (Octanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2

Carbamate 1 4 2 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 1 4 1 2Carbinol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2Carbitol 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 2Carbolic acid (Phenol) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Carbon bisulfide 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 1 4 3

Carbon dioxide, dry 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2Carbon dioxide, wet 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2Carbon disulfide 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 3Carbon monoxide 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1Carbon tetrachloride 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Carbonic acid 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1Castor oil 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Caustic potash 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 3Caustic soda 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 3Cellosolve 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Cellosolve, acetate 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Cellosolve, butyl 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Cellosolve, methyl 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Cellulose acetate (CA) 1 3 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Cetane (Hexadecane) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 2 4

Cetyl alcohol 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2China Wood oil (Tung oil) 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4Chloral hydrate 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 4 3 2Chloramine-T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Chlordane 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 2 3 4

Chlorextol 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4Chloric acid 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 1 1Chlorinated brine 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 1 2 4Chlorinated lime 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2Chlorinated solvents 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 4

Chlorine dioxide 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 3 3Chlorine trifluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Chlorine, dry 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4Chlorine, wet 1 3 4 3 1 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 3 3Chloroacetic acid 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3

Chloroacetone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Chlorobenzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chlorobromomethane 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chlorobutadiene (Chloroprene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chlorobutane (Butyl chloride) 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 4

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Chlorodifluoromethane 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4Chlorodiphenyl 4 4 4 4 1 4Chlorododecane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 4Chloroethylene (Vinyl chloride) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chloroform 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Chloronaphthalene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4Chloronitroethane 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4Chloropentafluoroethane 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 3Chloropentane (Amyl chloride) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4Chloroprene (Chlorobutadiene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Chlorosulfonic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Chlorothene (Trichloroethane) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chlorotoluene (Benzyl chloride) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) 2 1 4Chlorotrifluoromethane 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 4

Chlorox 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 2Chrome plating solution 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 2Chromic acid, 50% 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3Chromic oxide (aqueous) 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 2Chromium sulfate 1 2 1 2 2 1 2

Citric acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Cobalt chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2Coconut oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 3 1Cod liver oil 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 2Coffee 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 1

Coke oven gas 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 2Coliche liquors 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1Coolanol 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 4Copper acetate 1 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4Copper carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 2

Copper chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1Copper cyanide 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Copper salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Copper sulfate, 10% 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Copper sulfate, 50% 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1

Copper sulfide 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1Corn oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1Cottonseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1Creosote (coal tar) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 4 4Creosote (wood tar) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4

Cresol (Cresylic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Crotonaldehyde 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2Crotonic acid 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4Crude oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 4 4Cumene (Isopropyl benzene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Cupric chloride (Copper chloride) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1Cutting oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Cyclohexane 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 4 4Cyclohexanol 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 1 3 4Cyclohexanone 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Cyclopentane 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4Cymene (Isopropyltoluene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Decahydronaphthalene 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Decalin 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Decanal 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 4 4

Decane 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 2Decanol (Decyl alcohol) 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1Denatured alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1Detergent solution 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 3 1 1 2 1Developing fluid (photographic) 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Dextron 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 4Dextrose 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Diacetone (Diacetone alcohol) 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Diazinon 1 4 3 1 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 4Dibenzyl ether 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2

Dibenzyl sebacate 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 3Dibromoethyl benzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4Dibutyl amine 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3Dibutyl ether 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 3 4 4Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 2

Dibutyl sebecate (DBS) 1 2 4 4 1 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2Dichloro isopropyl ether 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4Dichloroacetic acid 1* 4 4 1 1 3 4 4 2 4 4Dichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Dichlorobutane 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4

Dichlorodifluoromethane 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 4Dichloroethyl ether 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4Dichloroethylene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 4Dichlorofluoromethane 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4

Dicyclohexylamine 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4Diesel oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 4 4Diester synthetic lubricant 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4Diethanol amine (DEA) 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 2 1 2 2Diethyl amine 1 3 3 1 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3

Diethyl benzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4Diethyl carbonate 1 4 1 4Diethyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4Diethyl phthalate (DEP) 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 4Diethyl sebacate 1 2 4 4 1 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 2 4 2

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itrile

)

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AU

& E

U

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(Nat

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(Flu

oroc

arbo

n)

AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

osili

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)

CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Diethylene ether (Dioxane) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4Diethylene glycol (Digol) 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 2Diethylene triamine 1 1 2Difluorodibromomethane 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Diisobutyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Diisobutylene 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4Diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 3 4Diisooctyl adipate (DIOA) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4

Diisooctyl sebecate (DIOS) 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 3Diisopropyl amine 2 1 1 2 2 3Diisopropyl benzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3Diisopropyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Dimethyl amine (DMA) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Dimethyl aniline 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Dimethyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 1Dimethyl formamide (DMF) 1 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4Dimethyl phthalate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 1

Dimethyl sulfate 4 1 3 4 4 2 4Dimethyl sulfide 1 4 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 4 2Dinitrotoluene (DNT) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) 1 2 4 4 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3Dioctyl sebacate 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 3

Dioxane 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4Dioxolane 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Dipentene (Limonene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 4 4Diphenyl (Phenylbenzene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Diphenyl oxide (Phenyl ether) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 3

Dipropyl ketone (Butyrone) 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Dipropylamine 1 2 1 1 2 2 3Dipropylene glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Divinyl benzene (DVB) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 4 4Dodecyl benzene (Alkane) 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 4

Drinking water 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1Dry cleaning fluids 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4DTE light oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 4Epichlorohydrin 2 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Epoxy resin 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 3

Epsom salts 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2Ethane 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 4Ethanethiol (Ethyl mercaptan) 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3Ethanol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1

32

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AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

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CSM

VMQ

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cone

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Ethanol amine 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 2Ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4Ethyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2Ethyl acetoacetate 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2Ethyl acrylate 1 3 4 3 1 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2

Ethyl acrylic acid 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Ethyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1Ethyl aluminium dichloride 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Ethyl amine (Monoethylamine) 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 4 3Ethyl benzene 1 2 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Ethyl benzoate 1 3 3 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Ethyl bromide (Bromoethane) 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4Ethyl butyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Ethyl butyl alcohol 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 2Ethyl butyl ketone 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4

Ethyl butyraldehyde 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 4Ethyl butyrate 1 4 1 4 4 3Ethyl cellosolve 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Ethyl cellulose 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 2Ethyl chloride 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 4

Ethyl chlorocarbonate 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Ethyl chloroformate 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Ethyl cyanide (Propionitrile) 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 2 4Ethyl cyclopentane 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 4Ethyl ether (Ether) 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4

Ethyl formate 2 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 2 4Ethyl hexanol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2Ethyl hexyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Ethyl hexyl alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2Ethyl iodide 4 1 1 4 4 4 2 1

Ethyl mercaptan (Ethanethiol) 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3Ethyl oxalate 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 4Ethyl pentachlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Ethyl silicate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 2 1Ethyl sulfate 1 1 4 1 1 3 4 4 2 4

Ethylene (Ethene) 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 4Ethylene alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1Ethylene bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4Ethylene chloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4Ethylene chlorohydrin 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 3

Ethylene diamine 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 1Ethylene dibromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4Ethylene dichloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4Ethylene glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 1Ethylene oxide (ETO) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

33

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AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

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CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Ethylene trichloride 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4Ethyne (Acetylene) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 2 2Fatty acids 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 2 4 1 1 2 3 3Ferric chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2Ferric hydroxide 1 2 1 1 2 4 4 2

Ferric nitrate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2Ferric sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Ferrous chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2Ferrous sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2Fish oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 1

Fluoboric acid (Fluoroboric acid) 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1Fluorine 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4Fluorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4Fluorochloroethylene 3 4Fluorol (Sodium fluoride) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Fluorolube (Fluorocarbon oils) 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1Fluosilicic acid 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 4Formaldehyde 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 2Formamide 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 1Formic acid 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4

Freon 11 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4Freon 12 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 4Freon 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 3 1 4Freon 13b1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4Freon 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Freon 21 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Freon 22 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 4Freon 31 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 4 2Freon 32 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1Freon 112 (Freon BF) 2 4 4 2 1 4 3 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 3 2 4

Freon 113 (Freon TF) 3 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 1 4 1 4Freon 114 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 4Freon 114b2 3 4 3 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 4Freon 115 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 4Freon 134a 2 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 3 1 2

Freon 502 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2Freon C316 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Freon C318 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1Freon K-142b 3 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 1Freon K-152a 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3

Freon PCA 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 4Freon T-P35 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Freon T-WD602 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 4Freon TA 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1Freon TC 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4

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PE

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AC

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AU

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U

NR

(Nat

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FKM

(Flu

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AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

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)

CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Freon TMC 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3Fuel oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1* 2 1 1 4 4Fumaric acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 2Furan (Furfuran) 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Furfural (Furfuraldehyde) 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

Furfuryl alcohol 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Gallic acid 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 2 3Gasohol 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Gasoline 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 1 3 3 1 4 4Gelatin 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

Glauber's salt 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 4 1 2Gluconic acid 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 1 2 2Glucose 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Glycerine (Glycerol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Glycine 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2

Glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1Glycolic acid 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Glycolmonoethylether 1 3 2 1 4 1 1 3 1Grease (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4Green Sulfate liquor 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 4

Halothane 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Halowax oil 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4Heavy water 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1HEF-2 (high energy fuel) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 4Helium 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Heptanal 1 4 1 1 4 4 2 4Heptane 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Hexachlorobutadiene 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Hexadecane (Cetane) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 2 4Hexalin (Cyclohexanol) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 1 3 4

Hexamine 1 1 1Hexane (n-Hexane) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 2 4Hexanedioic acid (Adipic acid) 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Hexanol 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 3Hexone (MIBK) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Hexyl alcohol 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 3Hexylene (n-Hexene) 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 4 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 1 2 4Hexylene glycol (Brake fluid) 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2Hydraulic oil (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2Hydrazine (Diamine) 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 2

Hydrazine, anhydrous 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 2Hydrobromic acid 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 1 4Hydrochloric acid, 3 molar 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 3 4 3 1 3 2 2 4Hydrochloric acid, 37% (cold) 1 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 2 1 3 3 2 2 4Hydrochloric acid, 37% (hot) 1 1 4 4 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 1 3 3 3 4 4

35

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AEM

HN

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FVM

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Hydrochloric acid, concentrated 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4Hydrocyanic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 3Hydrofluoric acid, concentrated 1 2 3 3 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4Hydrofluosilicic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 4Hydrogen bromide 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 1 4

Hydrogen chloride 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 1 1Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4Hydrogen gas 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3Hydrogen peroxide, 30% 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 1

Hydrogen peroxide, 90% 1 1 4 4 1 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 3 2Hydrogen sulfide (wet, hot) 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 3Hydrolube (water/ethylene glycol) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 2Hydroquinone 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 4 3Hydroxyacetic acid 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Hypochlorous acid 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 3Iodine 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 2 3Iodine pentafluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Iodoform 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 3 2Iso-butane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 2

Iso-octane 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Isoamyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 1 4 2Isoamyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Isoamyl butyrate 1 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 1 4 2Isoamyl chloride 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 2 4

Isobutyl alcohol (Isobutanol) 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 1Isobutyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 3Isobutyl chloride 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 4 1Isobutyric acid 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 2Isododecane 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 4

Isopentane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 3 2Isophorone (Ketone) 1 2 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 2 1 1Isopropyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 2 1 1

Isopropyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 3Isopropyl benzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Isopropyl chloride 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Isopropyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4Isopropyl toluene (Cymene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Kel F liquids 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1Kerosene (Kerosine) 1 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 3 4Lacquer solvents 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Lacquers 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Lactams (Amino acids) 1 3 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Lactic acid (cold) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2Lactic acid (hot) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 3 2Lard 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2Lauryl alcohol (n-Dodecanol) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2Lavender oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4

Lead acetate 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4Lead chloride 1 4 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2Lead chromate 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2Lead nitrate 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 4Lead sulfamate 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 1 2

Light grease 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4Ligroin (Nitrobenzine) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4Lime bleach 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 2Lime sulfur 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1Limonene (Dipentene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 4 4

Lindol (Tritolyl phosphate) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3Linoleic acid 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 4 2Linseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 1Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 2 3 4 3Liquid oxygen 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Liquimoly 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 4Lithium bromide 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Lithium chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Lithium hydroxide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 2Lithophone 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2

Lubricating oil (di-ester base) 1 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 2 4 4Lubricating oil (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 4Lye solution 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2Magnesium acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Magnesium chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Magnesium hydroxide 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 3Magnesium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Magnesium sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Malathion 1 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 4Maleic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 3

Maleic anhydride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4Malic acid (Apple acid) 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2Managanese (II) chloride 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1Manganese carbonate 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 3 1 1 2Manganese sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1

Mercuric chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3Mercuric cyanide 1 1 2 1 1 2 1Mercurous nitrate 1 1 2 1 1 2 1Mercury 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Mesityl oxide 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

37

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Methacrylacid methylester 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methacrylic acid 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 4 4 4Methane 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 4Methanol (Methyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2Methyl acetate 1 4 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Methyl acetoacetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3Methyl acrylate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methyl acrylic acid (Crotonic acid) 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4Methyl alcohol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2Methyl amine 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1

Methyl amyl acetate 1 1 1 4Methyl amyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1Methyl benzoate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Methyl bromide 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 1 3 2 1 4 3Methyl butyl ketone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3

Methyl butyrate 1 4 1 4 4Methyl carbonate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Methyl cellosolve 1 1 4 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methyl cellulose 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 1 2 4 2 2Methyl chloride 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4

Methyl chloroformate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Methyl cyanide (Acetonitrile) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1Methyl cyclopentane 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Methyl dichloride 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Methyl ether 1 4 2 3 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 4 1

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2Methyl formate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 3Methyl glycol acetate 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 2Methyl iodide 1 4 1 1 4

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methyl isopropyl ketone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Methyl mercaptan 1 1 1 1Methyl methacrylate (MMA) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3Methyl oleate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3

Methyl phenyl ether (Anisole) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3Methyl propyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4Methyl salicylate 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3Methylene bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Methylene chloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4

Methylene dichloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 2 4 4MIL- spec fluids Contact technical departmentMilk 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1Mineral oil 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2Monobromo benzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

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FKM

(Flu

oroc

arbo

n)

AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

osili

cone

)

CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Monochloro acetic acid 1 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Monochloro acetone 1 4 2 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4Monochloro benzene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Monoethanolamine (MEA) 1 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2Monoethylamine (Ethyl amine) 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 4 3

Monomethyl amine (MMA) 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1Monomethyl aniline 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2Monomethyl ether 1 3 2 1 4 1 1 3 1 4Monomethyl hydrazine 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 4Monovinyl acetylene 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2

Morpholine 1 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Mustard gas 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1n-Dodecanol (Lauryl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2n-Heptane 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 2 4n-Hexaldehyde 1 4 1 1 1 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2

n-Hexane 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 4n-Hexanol 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 2 2n-Hexene (Hexylene) 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 4 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 1 2 4n-Octane 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 2 4 4n-Pentane 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 3 2 4

n-Propyl acetate (Propyl acetate) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4n-Propyl acetone 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4n-Propyl nitrate (NPN) 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Naphtha 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Naphtha coal tar (Benzol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Naphthalene (Tar camphor) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Naphthenic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4Natural gas 1 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 4Neatsfoot oil 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 4 2Neohexane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 4

Neon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Neville acid 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Nickel acetate (Diacetate) 1 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4Nickel chloride 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Nickel nitrate (Dinitrate) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Nickel salts 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Nickel sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Niter cake 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Nitric acid (3 molar) 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4Nitric acid (concentrated) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4

Nitric acid (red fuming) (RFNA) 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4Nitrobenzene 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4Nitrobenzine (Ligroin) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4Nitroethane 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4Nitrogen 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

39

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AC

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AEM

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BR

FVM

Q (F

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CSM

VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Nitrogen tetroxide 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Nitromethane 1 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4Nitropropane 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Nitrous acid 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 2o-Chloronaphthalene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

o-Cresol (Cresylic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4o-Dichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Octachlorotoluene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4Octadecane 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4Octanol (Octyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2

Octyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4Octyl alcohol (Octanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2Oleic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Olein (Triolene) 1 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 4Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4

Olive oil 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1Orthochloroethylbenzene 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Oxalic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 2Oxygen (100 to 200°C) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 2Oxygen (below 100°C) 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ozone (50 PPHM) 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1Paint thinner (Duco) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4Palmitic acid 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 1 4 1 1 3 4Par-al-ketone 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Para-dichlorobenzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4

Paraffins 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1Paraldehyde 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 4Peanut oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 3 1Penicillin 1 1 1 3 1 4Pentachloroethane (Pentalin) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 1 4 1 4 4 1Pentane (Amyl hydride) 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 3 4Pentanol 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 4Pentyl alcohol (Amyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 4Pentyl amine (Amyl amine) 1 2 1 1 2 2 3

Perchloric acid 1 2 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 2 4Perchloroethylene (Perchlor) 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4Petrolatum 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Petroleum oil (above 1???) 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4Petroleum oil (below 1???) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2

Petroleum oil, crude 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Phenol (Carbolic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Phenol sulfonic acid 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 4Phenyl acetate 1 4 4 1 2 4 4 4Phenyl benzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

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AC

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AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

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CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Phenyl ether (Diphenyl oxide) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 3Phenyl ethyl ether (Phenetole) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Phenyl hydrazine 1 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 2 4 3Phenyl methyl ketone 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Phorone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Phosgene 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2Phosphate esters 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4Phosphoric acid (3 molar) 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 4 2 2 2 2Phosphoric acid (concentrated) 1 2 3 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 3 3Phosphorus oxychloride 1 4 1 4

Phosphorus trichloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Phthalic acid 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 1Phthalic anhydride 1 4 1 1 2Picric acid, H2 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 4Pine oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4

Pinene 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4Piperidine 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Plating solution, chrome 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4Pneumatic service 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 4Potassium acetate 1 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4

Potassium bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 2Potassium bisulfate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1Potassium bisulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Potassium bromide 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1Potassium carbonate (Potash) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Potassium chlorate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1Potassium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium chromate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 3 1Potassium copper cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Potassium dichromate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium ferricyanide 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1Potassium ferrocyanide 1 1 1 4 1 4Potassium fluoride 1 2 1 1 2 1Potassium hydroxide, 50% 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 3 1 3

Potassium hypochlorite 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 3Potassium iodate 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Potassium iodide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium nitrate 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium nitrite 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Potassium oxalate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Potassium perchlorate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Potassium permanganate 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 3 1Potassium persulfate 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 1 1 1Potassium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Potassium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Potassium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Potassium sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 2 1Potassium sulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Potassium sulfite 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1

Potassium tartrate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2Potassium thiocyanate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1Producer gas 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 2Propane (LPG) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4Propanol (Propyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2

Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 1 1 1 4 3 4Propionic acid 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1Propionitrile (Ethyl cyanide) 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 2 4Propyl acetate (n-Propyl acetate) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Propyl alcohol (1-Propanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2

Propyl amine 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Propyl nitrate (n-Propyl nitrate) 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Propylene (Propene) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Propylene chlorohydrin 1 4 1 4 4 4 3Propylene dichloride 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4

Propylene glycol 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Propylene oxide 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4Pyridene 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic acid) 1 3 1 3 3 4 1Pyrrole (Azole) 1 3 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3

Quinine (Bisulfate) (Sulfate) 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 2Quinone 1 1 4 4 2 4 1 2Radiation Contact technical departmentRapeseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 3Red oil (MIL-H-5606) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4

RJ-1 (MIL-F-25576) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Rosin 1 3 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 2Rotenone 1 1 1 1 1 1 1RP-1 (MIL-F-25576) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Sal ammoniac 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3

Salicylic acid 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 1Sea water (Brine) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sewage 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Silicate esters 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 2 4Silicone grease 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

Silicone oil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4Silicone tetrachloride 2 1 1Silver bromide 1 4 1 1 1 4 3Silver chloride 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3Silver cyanide 1 4 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 4

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R (N

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AC

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AU

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Q (F

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Silver nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Skydrol 500 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3Skydrol 7000 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3Soap solutions See Detergent solutionSodium acetate 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4

Sodium aluminate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium arsenite 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 4 3 3 3Sodium benzoate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium bichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 3 1

Sodium bisulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium bisulfite 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 1 2 1 1 1 1Sodium borate (Borax) 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 2Sodium bromate 1 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2Sodium bromide 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 2

Sodium carbonate (Soda ash) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium chlorate 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1Sodium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium chlorite 1 2 1 1 4 1Sodium chromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 1

Sodium citrate 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 3Sodium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Sodium dichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1Sodium ethylate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 3Sodium ferricyanide 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2

Sodium ferrocyanide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Sodium fluoride (Fluorol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium hydrogen sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium hydrogen sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 3 4 1 2 1 2

Sodium hypochlorite, 20% 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 2Sodium hyposulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 1Sodium iodide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Sodium lactate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2Sodium metaphosphate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Sodium metasilicate 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium nitrate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 4Sodium nitrite 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 4Sodium oleate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Sodium oxalate 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sodium perborate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 2Sodium perchlorate 1 1Sodium peroxide 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 4Sodium persulfate 1 1 1 1 1Sodium phosphate (Di-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4

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PD

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AC

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Sodium phosphate (Mono-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4Sodium phosphate (Tri-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 3Sodium pyrophosphate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Sodium salts 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Sodium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Sodium sulfate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1Sodium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 4 1 2 2 2Sodium sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1Sodium tartrate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Sodium tetraborate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sodium thiosulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1Sour crude oil 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4Sour natural gas 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4Soybean oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 1Stannic chloride 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 4 2

Stannic chloride, 50% 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 4 2Stannous chloride, 15% 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 2Starch 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Stauffer 7700 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 1 2 2 4 4Steam (to 150°C) 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 1 4 4 3

Steam (to 175°C) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4Steam (to 200°C) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4Steam (to 260°C) 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4Stearic acid 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 2 2 3 3Stoddard solvent 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4

Styrene (Vinylbenzene) Monomer 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4Succinic acid 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1Sucrose solution 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1Sulfamic acid 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2Sulfur 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 1

Sulfur chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3Sulfur dioxide (dry) 1 2 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 2Sulfur dioxide (wet) 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2Sulfur hexafluoride 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2Sulfur trioxide (dry) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 3

Sulfur, molten 1 1 4 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 3Sulfuric acid (3 molar) 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4Sulfuric acid (concentrated) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4Sulfuric acid, fuming 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4Sulfurous acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 3 1 4

Sulfuryl chloride 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1Tannic acid 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2Tar, bituminous 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 1 3 2 1 4 2Tartaric acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1Terpineol (Terpilenol) 1 4 4 1 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 4 3 1 4 4

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PE

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VMQ

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2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Tertiary butyl alcohol 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 2Tertiary butyl catechol 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 2 3Tertiary butyl mercaptan 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4Tetrabromoethane 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Tetrabromomethane 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2Tetrachlorodifluoroethane 1 3 2 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4Tetrachloroethane 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Tetrachloroethylene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Tetrachloromethane 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 3 2 4 4

Tetraethyl lead 1 3 3 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Tetrafluoromethane 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 4Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Tetralin (Tetrahydronaphthalene) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 1 4 4

Thioglycolic acid 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Thionyl chloride 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4Thiophene (Thiofuran) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4Titanium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2Titanium tetrachloride 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Toluene (Toluol) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4Toluene di-isocyanide (TDI) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Toluidine 1 4 1 4 4 3 2 2 4Transformer oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 2Transmission fluid, type A 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2

Triacetin 1 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 1Trialkyl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Triaryl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3Tributoxyl ethyl phosphate 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4Tributyl mercaptan 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4

Tributyl phosphate (TBP) 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 1* 3 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 3Trichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4Trichloroethane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Trichloroethylene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4

Trichlorofluoromethane 1 4 4 3 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4Trichloropropane 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 2 4Trichlorotrifluoroethane 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 1 4Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 3Tridecyl alcohol (Tridecanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Triethanol amine (TEA) 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3Triethyl aluminium (ATE) 1 4 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 4Triethyl amine 1 3 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 4Triethyl borane 1 4 4 1 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 4Triethyl phosphate (TEP) 1 1 4 3 4 2 2

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PE

RLA

ST®

FEP

M

SBR

CR

FEP

& P

FA

EPR

& E

PD

M

ECO

IIR (B

utyl

)

NB

R (N

itrile

)

AC

M

AU

& E

U

NR

(Nat

ural

Rub

ber)

FKM

(Flu

oroc

arbo

n)

AEM

HN

BR

FVM

Q (F

luor

osili

cone

)

CSM

VMQ

(Sili

cone

)1 = Excellent

2 = Good

3 = Doubtful

4 = Do not use


Triethylene glycol (TEG) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) 1* 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 1Trifluoroethane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4Trimethylpentane (Iso-octane) 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 1 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 3

Trioctyl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 3Triolene (Olein) 1 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 4Triphenyl phosphite 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 3 4Tritolyl phosphate (Lindol) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3Tung oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 3 4

Turbine oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 4Turpentine 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 4 4Type I fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4Type II fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 4Type III fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 4

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 4Urea (Carbamide) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1Uric acid 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 2Valeric acid 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1Varnish 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4

Vegetable oils & fats 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2Vinegar 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1Vinyl acetate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4Vinyl chloride (Chloroethylene) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4Vinyl cyanide (Acrylonitrile) 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4

Vinylbenzene (Styrene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4Water, cold 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1Water, hot 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 1Water, potable 1 1 1 1 1Whiskey & wines 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1

White oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4White pine oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 1 4 4Wood alcohol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2Wood oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 3 4Xenon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Xylene (Xylol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4Xylidine (Xylidin) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4Zeolites 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Zinc acetate 1 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4Zinc ammonium chloride 1 1 1 1

Zinc carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Zinc chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1Zinc cyanide 1 1 1 1 3 1 1Zinc hydrosulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Zinc nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Zinc phosphate solution 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Zinc salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Zinc sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1

46

Tensile PropertiesSimple testing of elastomer samples in tensionis commonly used to define the strength of thematerials. The most common representation isin the form of an engineering stress-straincurve; engineering stress-strain uses theoriginal dimensions for calculations, asopposed to the actual dimensions duringtesting (the cross-section may not necessarilyremain constant during testing). A typicalengineering stress-strain curve from a tensiletest is shown opposite.

σ = Engineering stress.ε = Engineering strain or elongation reportedas a percentage of the original gauge length.

Elastomer terminologyE

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This section explains the key terms used to define the properties of elastomers.

Tensile Stress (S or σ)The stress applied to extend the test piece, calculated asforce per unit area of the original cross-section of the testlength. Results are normally reported in MPa.

Elongation (E or ε)The extension expressedas a percentage of theoriginal test length,produced on the testpiece by a tensile stress,this is known as percentstrain.

Tensile Strength (TS)The maximum tensilestress recorded inextending the test piece tobreaking point. Alsodescribed as ‘ultimatetensile stress’.

Tensile Strength at break (TSb)The tensile stress recorded at the moment ofrupture/sample failure.Note: the values of TS and TSb may be different if after yield,the elongation continues and is accompanied by a drop instress, resulting in TSb being lower than TS.

Elongation at break (Eb)The elongation (expressed as a percentage of the originallength) at breaking point.

Elongation at a given stress (ES)The tensile strain in the test length when the test piece issubjected to a given tensile stress.

Modulus or “Stress at a given elongation” (SE)The tensile stress in the test length at a given elongation. Thisdefinition is widely referred to with the term ‘modulus’, andcare should be taken to avoid confusion with other uses of theterm modulus, such as Young’s Modulus, which denotes theslope of a linear stress-strain curve. Neither Young’s Modulusor Secant modulus are applicable to non-linear materials andare therefore not used when referring to elastomers.

Strain Energy Density (W)Defined as the ‘work done’ for a given strain, i.e. the areaunder the stress-strain curve after a specified elongation.

S

Typical tensile stress-strain curves for elastomersS = StressE = Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Strain)

Tensile test piece


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Tear strengthThe median force requiredto propagate a cut in aspecified trouser-shapedtest piece by tearing,divided by the thickness ofthe test piece.

This term indicates the resistance to propagation of small pre-cut in an elastomer. The most common test uses the “TrouserTear” method (ASTM D624, Die T), with the test samplehaving the shape described in the title.

Friction, Wear and AbrasionThe resistance to wear of a rubber when its surface issubjected to mechanical action. It is usually expressed as anabrasion resistance index referred to a standard rubber and isapplicable to all methods.

FrictionFriction can be defined as the resistance to sliding of onematerial over another. Testing of friction with relation toelastomers is mainly associated with the tyre industry, and canbe split into two separate categories: static and dynamic.Testing usually is performed using a ‘sled’ of material loadedwith additional weights to produce a normal force. This sled isthen slid over a surface of a known surface-finish. Theresultant resistant force can be related back to the coefficientof friction (µ) using the formula F = µR, where F is the resistantforce and R is the normal force. There are numerousdrawbacks to this method, as elastomers do not fully complywith this equation, but data can be comparable.

Abrasion resistance indexThe expression of abrasion resistance, being the ratio of thevolume loss of a standard rubber to the volume loss of arubber under test, determined under the same specifiedconditions, expressed as a percentage.

The test involves the removal of rubber using an abrasive clothon a rotating cylinder. The volume loss of the test rubber iscalculated from the same test conditions to remove 200mg ofthe appropriate standard rubber.

HardnessThe resistance of a material surface topenetration by an indentor of specifieddimensions under specified load. Thehardness property is quoted againsttwo common systems (which do notnecessarily correlate):

IRHD – International RubberHardness Degrees Based on measuring the penetration of a specified rigid ball in atest specimen under a specified dead load. A scaled downversion of this dead load instrument is available for conductingmeasurements on small cross sections and thicknesses IRHD `M`.

For curved surfaces the ‘ApparentHardness’ is often quoted, as IRHD andShore A values tend to be morevariable when measured across smallcurved surfaces, as is thecase with O-rings.

Shore hardness degrees – the testingequipment used to measure hardnessare often referred to as durometers(type A or D), both utilise a calibratedspring to act on a specified indentor topenetrate the test specimen.

The hardness scales are quoted indegrees from 0 (infinitely soft) to 100(bone hard).


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Compressive PropertiesCompression setA measure of a material’s elasticity after prolonged action ofcompression, either under ambient conditions, or whilst beingexposured to elevated temperatures.

Compression set is oftenused as a measure of thestate of cure or strength ofcrosslinking; it is quotedextensively for sealingapplications as an attemptto relate materialcharacteristics to leakageprevention, where recoveryof the seal’s shape isrequired after distortion.

Physical and chemicalchanges that can occur toan elastomer at elevatedtemperatures, may preventthe elastomer from fullyrecovering its original shapeon removal of the appliedcompressive strain – theresult is known as a ‘set’,and is quantified as apercentage loss in shapecompared to the originaldimensions.

ASTM D395 defines two different test methods (A and B).Method A is not often stated, but relates to a constant load.Method B is the most common method where a sample ofspecific dimensions is compressed to a fixed deflection, afterexposure to elevated temperatures, the sample is removed fromthe fixture and allowed to rest under ambient conditions beforethe final dimensions are measured. Another less commonlyused variant of this test is found within ISO 815, where thesamples can be allowed to cool while still under compression.

Compressive stress relaxationElastomers are viscoelastic materials which essentially behaveboth as an elastic solid and as a viscous liquid. Constantdeformation of an elastomer can lead to internal structuralchanges, which in turn can alter the stress-straincharacteristics of the material under load.

When compressed, energy is both stored and dissipated bythe material i.e. both both elastic and viscous effects occur.Therefore, as an elastomer is compressed, it will generate areaction force (or ‘sealing force’). However, over time, thestored energy will decrease, reducing the initial sealing force.This decrease in sealing force is known as ‘CompressiveStress Relaxation’ (CSR). CSR is sometimes referred to as theretained sealing force in the seals and gaskets sector.

The phenomenon can be accelerated by exposure tochemicals and/or elevated temperatures which attack thepolymer backbone or cross-linking system.

CSR is measured by compressing a standard test piece to aconstant strain and measuring the force exerted by the testpiece at specific intervals under specified conditions. Thedecaying force is expressed as a percentage of the initialcounterforce.

Compressive ModulusCompressive modulus is an important physical property ofelastomers and determines the amount of stress a material willexhibit for a given amount of compressive strain.

The testing is sometimes referred to as ‘load deflection’ testing.The results of the test are highly dependent upon sampledimensions, due to the ‘shape-factor’ effect when testingelastomers. The ‘shape-factor’ is a ratio of the area of the testsample, compared to the area of the sample that is ‘free-to-bulge’; it is noted that a sample with a high surface area, but alow area free-to-bulge will show rapid increases in modulus.

PermeationThe permeation of gases or vapours through the elastomer.This is an important property if the elastomer is being used toprevent leakage of gases/vapours from chambers, etc. Thepermeation rate is governed by the type of elastomer usedand the composition of the final compound (filler type,plasticisers, etc). The degree of permeation generally reducesfrom silicone elastomers (the highest), followed by NR, EPDM,SBR, CR, NBR, FKM and FFKM, ECO and IIR.

Explosive DecompressionPermeation of a gas into an elastomer under high pressuremay not result in any long term effect provided the pressure isreleased gradually, allowing the gas to permeate out of theelastomer. However, if the pressure is released rapidly, thepressurised gas can expand suddenly, rupturing the elastomerin a catastrophic manner. Specific elastomer compounds arerequired to eliminate this effect, with the formulated materialstending to be very hard. See page 8 for information onExplosive Decompression testing.

Two sections of the same O-ring. The section on theleft displays compressionset after being compressedat high temperature for aperiod of time.


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Chemical propertiesAll types of elastomersare susceptible tochemical attack ofvarying degrees. Thecompatibility of arubber in a particularenvironment is a functionof both the polymerstructure, and the way inwhich it has been formulated.

Chemical incompatibility can have various effects on therubber compound, depending on the exact form of chemicalattack, with the effects being exaggerated or accelerated atelevated temperatures. The physical effects can be seen as:

- Embrittlement and hardening- Softening and becoming tacky- Swelling- Volume loss

The most common effect is swelling – either due to a solubilityeffect, or chemical attack, resulting in a change in theelastomer’s polarity. Though the volume increase may bereversible, the effects on the polymer may not be.

Embrittlement and hardening are indicative of additionalcross-linking, and softening is indicative of degradation of thepolymer/crosslink network. Volume loss is most usually linkedto extraction of plasticisers and process aids, resulting in amaterial that is less flexible.

Heat resistance and accelerated ageingThe controlled deterioration by air at elevated temperaturesand atmospheric pressure after which physicalproperties are measured and compared with un-aged testpieces. Typical properties measured are changesin hardness, elongation at break, ultimate tensile stress, and stress at various strains.

Heat resistance and accelerated ageing is also linked to‘outgassing’, where an elastomer, on initial exposure toelevated temperatures, may lose some process oils or low-molecular weight fragments of the polymer. In someapplications, this loss of polymeric species may interfere withcritical components or processes. Typically, this weight losscan be measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),often coupled to further equipment if the specific constituentsof the weight loss need to be identified.

Weathering, Ozone and UV resistanceExposure of elastomers to weathering can result in deteriorationof the product due mainly to the effects of sunlight, in particularthe UV (ultra-violet) component of the light spectrum. UV lighthas the effect of scission of the main polymer chain, leading torapid degradation of the elastomer. This degradation manifestsitself in the form of surface cracks often referred to as crazingand can allow ingress of water to leach out soluble componentsas well as leading to failure of the seal. This form of attack ismost notable in materials that have unsaturation (carbon-carbondouble-bonds) in the backbone of the polymer, and isaccelerated by stressing the material (stress-induced chemicalattack). To combat this, chemical UV stabilisers can beintroduced into the formulation and carbon black is generallyrecognised as one of the most effective UV protection systemsfor use with elastomers.

Similarly, Ozone (a powerful oxidising agent) can degradeelastomeric components in a similar manner to UV. Use ofanti-ozonants and the careful choice of elastomers (saturatedpolymers) can significantly reduce/eliminate this problem.

Low temperature resistanceThe low temperature resistance of any elastomer is dependentupon the material’s glass transition temperature (Tg). Thisis the temperature at which the elastomer changes from arubber-like material to a brittle material. As an elastomerapproaches its glass transition temperature, it would generallybe expected that the tensile strength, hardness, modulus andcompression set would all increase. The Tg for any givenelastomer is mainly a function of the polymer structure, butcan be altered slightly by the use of oils.

Numerous methods exist for determining the cold temperatureperformance of an elastomer. Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) is the most common method of evaluating the glasstransition region itself. This method uses accuratemeasurements of enthalpy changes of materials over a giventemperature range. Analysis of this data allows precisemeasurements of the glass transition.

Other tests focus on more physical parameters. For examplethe temperature retraction (TR) test involves immersing astretched, standard test piece in a bath at -70°C until itbecomes rigid, then, allowing the sample to retract freely andraising the temperature at 1°C/min. The temperature at whichthe test piece has retracted 10% of the original stretch isreferred to as ‘TR10’. A value appended to TR10 defines theinitial stretch, eg. TR10/50 test will stretch the sample by 50%.

An alternative method of describing the low temperaturestiffness of an elastomer is to adopt the Gehman test (ISO1432 : 1998). This test method measures the torsionalmodulus of a standard test piece at a range of temperatures.The relative modulus values at the measured temperatures aredetermined (relative modulus at a given temperature is theratio of the torsional modulus at that temperature to thetorsional modulus at 23°C). The temperature at which therelative modulus is 10 is reported as T10 or 5 as T5, etc.

See ‘Thermal Analysis' on page 8 for details of DSC and TRtesting services.

The O-ring on the right has swollen due to

chemical incompatibility.


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Peroxide or sulphur cureSeveral cross-linking (curing) mechanisms can be employedfor the different elastomer types, common amongst these aresulphur-cured systems and peroxide-cured systems. Ingeneral sulphur-cured systems offer better original mechanicalproperties but worst heat ageing properties and peroxidesystems vice-versa.

Coefficient of thermal expansionAll materials (except for a very small number of exceptions)expand with increasing temperature. The degree to which anymaterial expands is characteristic of that material. The value isexpressed in terms of the amount of linear or volumetricexpansion that occurs with every unit of length or volume forevery degree of temperature increase.

Volume changeThe degree to which a material expands or contracts duringexposure to operating environments is an important factor toconsider in any sealing application. Operating fluids can beabsorbed into a material causing it to swell. Operating fluidscan also wash out ingredients within the material causing itto decrease in volume, sometimes both can happen; aninitial swelling followed by shrinkage. Some high temperatureand chemical environments can cause the cross-linkstructure to tighten causing a decrease in volume.Measurements of volume before and after exposure areexpressed as a percent change.

Out-gasingThe release of gas from a material, or low molecular portions ofthe material. These gases, together with gases upon the surfaceof the solid, can be released into a vacuum environment to forma perceived leak. At ambient conditions the predominant out-gased substances are water vapour and hydrocarbons. Therate of out-gasing increases at higher temperatures, whichincreases permeation rate and can initiate chemical reactionswithin the elastomer that release other gases. Out-gasedsubstances can condense onto surfaces or react with processchemicals which may inhibit performance.

TolerancesThe amount of variation permitted on dimensions or surfacesduring the manufacturing process. The tolerance is equal tothe difference between the maximum and minimum limits ofany specified dimension. As metals are hard and interferencemay prevent assembly, they are usually toleranced as a fit.Bores are defined as a dimension plus an allowable variation,and shafts are defined as a dimension minus an allowablevariation. As elastomer parts, such as O-rings, are flexible andare typically designed to operate in interference (compressionor tension), they are typically given a ± tolerance for diameterand cross section.

O-ring tolerances for each standard size can be found in theO-ring size tables in section 12, page 57 of this publication.

We recommend the use of ISO3302-1 Class M2, X2 in thedesign of custom elastomer components – see page 56.

Hardware design guidelines for O-ringsH

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To achieve installation, each of these seal types requires different levels of stretch. To achieve a good seal, the O-ring must beinstalled into suitable hardware to create a sealing system. Various international standards govern the specifications of suchsealing systems:

SAE AS568 O-ring sizesSAE AS4716 groove sizing for piston and rod sealsBritish Standard BS1806 O-ring and groove sizing for imperial (British) nominal sizesBritish Standard BS4518 O-ring and groove sizing for metric nominal sizes

An O-ring, or toroidal seal, is the most

common type of seal used in the world

today. Used to form a physical barrier to

prevent the mixing of gases or liquid fluids,

the simple toroidal shape of an O-ring has

proven to offer high sealing efficiency

across a wide range of applications.

The sealing mechanism of an O-ring is a two stage process;compression and force. The initial compression (squeeze)upon the O-ring forms a physical barrier between the twofluids, forming the initial seal. It is therefore important toaccurately control the amount of compression that the O-ringis subjected to. The elastomer acts like an incompressibleviscous fluid with a very high surface tension. When actedupon by a differential pressure then the O-ring translates thisinto force acting upon and normal to the mating surface.

It is this force that forms the high pressure capability of the O-ring. It is important that the pressure can energise the O-ring to form this secondary sealing mechanism and hencefree-space must be left in the groove, taking into accounttolerance stack-ups and differential thermal expansion.

Four typical groove geometries (as shown in diagram below) are as follows:-

• Piston seal• Rod seal

• Face seal• Trapped seal

Rod Seal Piston Seal Face Seal

Trapped Seal

Hardware design guidelines for O-ringsH

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For the standard O-ring sizes listed in this brochurewe recommend their use in grooves as defined inthe above AS and BS standards, up to themaximum operating temperature of the material.These standards are available from the relevantgoverning bodies; or by using the ‘HardwareDesign Tool’ found in the ‘Technical’ section ofour website; www.prepol.com. This online toolquickly identifies the best fit standard sized O-ringand provides groove dimensions for the mostcommon AS and BS size seals used in plantequipment, specifically, rod seals, piston seals,face seals and trapped seals. It also provides adetailed technical drawing of the groove showingall dimensional measurements which can beprinted off and included in other reports anddrawings. For semiconductor applications, pleaserefer to our semiconductor brochure for staticgroove sizing, as materials developed for thisspecific industry present different characteristics.

O-rings will operate successfully at high pressures, asshown below, above these pressures the shearstresses will overcome the capability of the materialand cause pressure extrusion. In applicationsoperating at high pressure, the use of back-up rings iscommon practice to prevent extrusion of the O-ring.

Combinations of pressureand clearance that lie tothe right of the pertinentline will result inextrusion of the seal.

For non-standard sizes,high pressure applicationsor advice on custom highperformance sealingsystems please contactPPE’s technicaldepartment.

Approximate extrusion pressure for a given diametral clearance

O ring tolerances to ISO3601-1 ‘General Purpose’O

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To use: Descend I/Dia column to required size. Read-off the tolerance to the right of the size.If required size is not listed, go to the first size greater size and read-off the tolerance to the right.

Example: O-Ring to be measured is 3.75.Descend I/Dia column to 4.00 (first size greater than 3.75) and read of tolerance to right, i.e. +/-0.14.

Notes: For sizes above 670.00, add/subtract 0.64% of the nominal diameter.Cross section tolerances for ISO3601-1 are detailed at the bottom of the following page.

I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / -

2.80 0.13 53.00 0.50 145.00 1.13 268.00 1.92 433.00 2.99

4.00 0.14 54.50 0.51 147.50 1.14 272.00 1.96 437.00 3.01

5.30 0.15 56.00 0.52 150.00 1.16 276.00 1.98 443.00 3.05

7.10 0.16 58.00 0.54 152.50 1.18 280.00 2.01 450.00 3.09

8.50 0.17 60.00 0.55 155.00 1.19 283.00 2.03 456.00 3.13

9.75 0.18 61.50 0.56 157.50 1.21 286.00 2.05 462.00 3.17

10.60 0.19 63.00 0.57 160.00 1.23 290.00 2.08 466.00 3.19

11.80 0.20 65.00 0.58 162.50 1.24 295.00 2.11 470.00 3.22

13.20 0.21 67.00 0.60 165.00 1.26 300.00 2.14 475.00 3.25

15.00 0.22 69.00 0.61 167.50 1.28 303.00 2.16 479.00 3.28

16.00 0.23 71.00 0.63 170.00 1.29 307.00 2.19 483.00 3.30

17.00 0.24 73.00 0.64 172.50 1.31 311.00 2.21 487.00 3.33

19.00 0.25 75.00 0.65 175.00 1.33 315.00 2.24 493.00 3.36

20.60 0.26 77.50 0.67 177.50 1.34 320.00 2.27 500.00 3.41

21.20 0.27 80.00 0.69 180.00 1.36 325.00 2.30 508.00 3.46

22.40 0.28 82.50 0.71 182.50 1.38 330.00 2.33 515.00 3.50

23.60 0.29 85.00 0.72 185.00 1.39 335.00 2.36 523.00 3.55

25.00 0.30 87.50 0.74 87.50 1.41 340.00 2.40 530.00 3.60

26.50 0.31 90.00 0.76 190.00 1.43 345.00 2.43 538.00 3.65

28.00 0.32 92.50 0.77 195.00 1.46 350.00 2.46 545.00 3.69

29.00 0.33 95.00 0.79 200.00 1.49 355.00 2.49 553.00 3.74

30.00 0.34 97.50 0.81 203.00 1.51 360.00 2.52 560.00 3.78

31.50 0.35 100.00 0.82 206.00 1.53 365.00 2.56 570.00 3.85

33.50 0.36 103.00 0.85 212.00 1.57 370.00 2.59 580.00 3.91

34.50 0.37 106.00 0.87 218.00 1.61 375.00 2.62 590.00 3.97

37.50 0.39 109.00 0.89 224.00 1.65 379.00 2.64 600.00 4.03

38.70 0.40 112.00 0.91 227.00 1.67 383.00 2.67 608.00 4.08

40.00 0.41 115.00 0.93 230.00 1.69 387.00 2.70 615.00 4.12

41.20 0.42 118.00 0.95 236.00 1.73 391.00 2.72 623.00 4.17

42.50 0.43 122.00 0.97 239.00 1.75 395.00 2.75 630.00 4.22

45.00 0.44 125.00 0.99 243.00 1.77 400.00 2.78 640.00 4.28

46.20 0.45 128.00 1.01 250.00 1.82 406.00 2.82 650.00 4.34

47.50 0.46 132.00 1.04 254.00 1.84 412.00 2.85 660.00 4.40

48.70 0.47 136.00 1.07 258.00 1.87 418.00 2.89 670.00 4.47

50.00 0.48 140.00 1.09 261.00 1.89 425.00 2.93

51.50 0.49 142.50 1.11 265.00 1.91 429.00 2.96

O ring tolerances to ISO3601-1 ‘Aerospace Standard’

Cross section tolerance table

O-ring

tolerances

55

I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / -

2.00 0.10 34.50 0.30 73.00 0.52 128.00 0.83 230.00 1.39

3.75 0.11 36.50 0.31 75.00 0.53 132.00 0.85 236.00 1.42

5.30 0.12 38.70 0.32 77.50 0.55 136.00 0.87 243.00 1.46

6.90 0.13 40.00 0.33 80.00 0.56 140.00 0.89 250.00 1.49

8.50 0.14 41.20 0.34 82.50 0.57 145.00 0.92 258.00 1.54

10.00 0.15 43.70 0.35 85.00 0.59 150.00 0.95 265.00 1.57

11.80 0.16 45.00 0.36 87.50 0.60 155.00 0.98 272.00 1.61

13.20 0.17 47.50 0.37 90.00 0.62 160.00 1.00 280.00 1.65

15.00 0.18 48.70 0.38 92.50 0.63 165.00 1.03 290.00 1.71

16.00 0.19 50.00 0.39 95.00 0.64 170.00 1.06 300.00 1.76

18.00 0.20 51.50 0.40 97.50 0.66 175.00 1.09 307.00 1.80

20.00 0.21 53.00 0.41 100.00 0.67 180.00 1.11 315.00 1.84

21.20 0.22 56.00 0.42 103.00 0.69 185.00 1.14 325.00 1.90

22.40 0.23 58.00 0.44 106.00 0.71 190.00 1.17 335.00 1.95

25.00 0.24 60.00 0.45 109.00 0.72 195.00 1.20 345.00 2.00

26.50 0.25 63.00 0.46 112.00 0.74 200.00 1.22 355.00 2.05

28.00 0.26 65.00 0.48 115.00 0.76 206.00 1.26 365.00 2.11

30.00 0.27 67.00 0.49 118.00 0.77 212.00 1.29 375.00 2.16

31.50 0.28 69.00 0.50 122.00 0.80 218.00 1.32 387.00 2.22

33.50 0.29 71.00 0.51 125.00 0.81 224.00 1.35 400.00 2.29

C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / -

0.00 0.08 8.75 0.18 13.50 0.25 18.50 0.32 23.50 0.39

2.62 0.09 9.25 0.19 14.25 0.26 19.25 0.33 24.25 0.40

3.00 0.10 10.00 0.20 15.00 0.27 20.00 0.34 25.00 0.41

3.55 0.12 10.75 0.21 15.75 0.28 20.75 0.35 25.75 0.42

5.00 0.13 11.25 0.22 16.50 0.29 21.50 0.36 26.25 0.43

5.70 0.14 12.00 0.23 17.25 0.30 22.25 0.37 27.00 0.44

8.40 0.15 12.75 0.24 17.75 0.31 23.00 0.38 30.00 0.45

To use: Descend I/Dia column to required size. Read-off the tolerance to the right of the size.If required size is not listed, go to the first size greater size and read-off the tolerance to the right.

Example: O-Ring to be measured is 17.00.Descend I/Dia column to 18.00 (first size greater than 17.00) and read of tolerance to right, i.e. +/-0.20.

Notes: For sizes above 400.00, tolerance as per BS1806 (see pages 57-62).Cross section tolerances for ISO3601-1 are detailed below:

ClassesThe standard details four classes of mouldings and four classes for flash, adopted by PPE as follows:-

Class M2, X2 = High quality mouldings with accurate flash.

DimensionsThe standard details two types of dimension, as follows:-

F = Fixed dimensionsThe dimensions are not affected by deforming influences such as flash thickness or lateral displacement of different mould parts(upper and lower parts or cores).

C = Closure dimensionsThese dimensions can be affected by variation in flash thickness or lateral displacement of different mould parts and therefore requiregreater tolerances that those of fixed dimensions.

# = Dimension # Example of a height dimension that is not affected by flash thickness, therefore this is considered to be a ‘fixed’ dimension.

Moulding tolerances according to ISO3302-1 (=BS3734-1)O

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Dimension # greater than Class M2,X2F + / - C + / -

0.00 0.10 0.154.00 0.15 0.20

6.30 0.20 0.2010.00 0.20 0.25

16.00 0.25 0.3525.00 0.35 0.40

40.00 0.40 0.5063.00 0.50 0.70

100.00 0.70 0.80160.00 0.5% 0.7%

Flash (Height) max. 0.50mm

O-ring

sizes

1.15 0.13 R000

0.74 0.10 BS1806-001, AS568-001

1.07 0.10 BS1806-002, AS568-002

4.70 0.13 AS568-901, BSM48-901

1.42 0.10 BS1806-003, AS568-003

2.20 0.13 R003.10 0.15 BS4518 0031-164.10 0.15 BS4518 0041-165.10 0.15 BS4518 0051-166.10 0.15 BS4518 0061-167.10 0.15 BS4518 0071-168.10 0.15 BS4518 0081-169.10 0.15 BS4518 0091-1610.10 0.20 BS4518 0101-1611.10 0.20 BS4518 0111-1612.10 0.20 BS4518 0121-1613.10 0.20 BS4518 0131-1614.10 0.20 BS4518 0141-1615.10 0.20 BS4518 0151-1616.10 0.20 BS4518 0161-1617.10 0.20 BS4518 0171-1618.10 0.25 BS4518 0181-1619.10 0.25 BS4518 0191-1622.10 0.25 BS4518 0221-1625.10 0.25 BS4518 0251-1627.10 0.25 BS4518 0271-1629.10 0.25 BS4518 0291-1632.10 0.30 BS4518 0321-1635.10 0.30 BS4518 0351-1637.10 0.30 BS4518 0371-16

6.07 0.13 AS568-902, BSM48-9027.65 0.13 AS568-903, BSM48-903

1.78 0.13 BS1806-004, AS568-0042.57 0.13 BS1806-005, AS568-0052.90 0.13 BS1806-006, AS568-0063.69 0.13 BS1806-007, AS568-0074.47 0.13 BS1806-008, AS568-0085.28 0.13 BS1806-009, AS568-0096.07 0.13 BS1806-010, AS568-0107.66 0.13 BS1806-011, AS568-0119.25 0.13 BS1806-012, AS568-01210.82 0.13 BS1806-013, AS568-01312.42 0.13 BS1806-014, AS568-01414.00 0.18 BS1806-015, AS568-01515.60 0.23 BS1806-016, AS568-01617.16 0.23 BS1806-017, AS568-01718.77 0.23 BS1806-018, AS568-01820.35 0.23 BS1806-019, AS568-01921.95 0.23 BS1806-020, AS568-02023.52 0.23 BS1806-021, AS568-02125.12 0.25 BS1806-022, AS568-02226.70 0.25 BS1806-023, AS568-02328.30 0.25 BS1806-024, AS568-02429.87 0.28 BS1806-025, AS568-02531.47 0.28 BS1806-026, AS568-02633.05 0.28 BS1806-027, AS568-02734.65 0.33 BS1806-028, AS568-02837.82 0.33 BS1806-029, AS568-02941.00 0.33 BS1806-030, AS568-030

44.17 0.38 BS1806-031, AS568-03147.37 0.38 BS1806-032, AS568-03250.52 0.46 BS1806-033, AS568-03353.67 0.46 BS1806-034, AS568-03456.87 0.46 BS1806-035, AS568-03560.04 0.46 BS1806-036, AS568-03663.22 0.46 BS1806-037, AS568-03766.40 0.51 BS1806-038, AS568-03869.57 0.51 BS1806-039, AS568-03972.76 0.51 BS1806-040, AS568-04075.92 0.61 BS1806-041, AS568-04182.27 0.61 BS1806-042, AS568-04288.62 0.61 BS1806-043, AS568-04394.97 0.69 BS1806-044, AS568-044101.32 0.69 BS1806-045, AS568-045107.67 0.76 BS1806-046, AS568-046114.02 0.76 BS1806-047, AS568-047120.37 0.76 BS1806-048, AS568-048126.72 0.94 BS1806-049, AS568-049133.07 0.94 BS1806-050, AS568-050

1.80 0.13 ISO3601-G2.00 0.13 ISO3601-G2.24 0.13 ISO3601-G2.50 0.13 ISO3601-G2.80 0.13 ISO3601-G3.15 0.14 ISO3601-G3.55 0.14 ISO3601-G3.75 0.14 ISO3601-G4.00 0.14 ISO3601-G4.50 0.15 ISO3601-G4.87 0.15 ISO3601-G5.00 0.15 ISO3601-G5.15 0.15 ISO3601-G5.30 0.15 ISO3601-G5.60 0.16 ISO3601-G6.00 0.16 ISO3601-G6.30 0.16 ISO3601-G6.70 0.16 ISO3601-G6.90 0.16 ISO3601-G7.10 0.16 ISO3601-G7.50 0.17 ISO3601-G8.00 0.17 ISO3601-G8.50 0.17 ISO3601-G8.75 0.18 ISO3601-G9.00 0.18 ISO3601-G9.50 0.18 ISO3601-G9.75 0.18 ISO3601-G10.00 0.19 ISO3601-G10.60 0.19 ISO3601-G11.20 0.20 ISO3601-G11.60 0.20 ISO3601-G11.80 0.19 ISO3601-G12.10 0.21 ISO3601-G12.50 0.21 ISO3601-G12.80 0.21 ISO3601-G13.20 0.21 ISO3601-G14.00 0.22 ISO3601-G14.50 0.22 ISO3601-G15.00 0.22 ISO3601-G15.50 0.23 ISO3601-G16.00 0.23 ISO3601-G17.00 0.24 ISO3601-G18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G

1.02+/- 0.08

1.00+/- 0.08

1.27+/- 0.08

1.42+/- 0.08

1.53+/- 0.08

1.60+/- 0.08

1.63+/- 0.08

1.78+/- 0.08

1.78+/- 0.08

1.80+/- 0.08

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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizesBS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)

Le Joint Français 'R' O-ring sizesISO3601 International Organisation forStandardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)

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21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G

8.92 0.13 AS568-904, BSM48-90410.52 0.13 AS568-905, BSM48-905

2.40 0.13 R02.60 0.13 R13.40 0.14 R24.20 0.15 R34.90 0.15 R45.70 0.16 R57.20 0.17 R68.90 0.18 R7

11.89 0.13 AS568-906, BSM48-906

13.46 0.18 AS568-907, BSM48-907

16.36 0.23 AS568-908, BSM48-908

3.60 0.15 BS4518 0036-244.60 0.15 BS4518 0046-245.60 0.15 BS4518 0056-246.60 0.15 BS4518 0066-247.60 0.15 BS4518 0076-248.60 0.15 BS4518 0086-249.60 0.15 BS4518 0096-2410.60 0.20 BS4518 0106-2411.60 0.20 BS4518 0116-2412.60 0.20 BS4518 0126-2413.60 0.20 BS4518 0136-2414.60 0.20 BS4518 0146-2415.60 0.20 BS4518 0156-2416.60 0.20 BS4518 0166-2417.60 0.20 BS4518 0176-2418.60 0.25 BS4518 0186-2419.60 0.25 BS4518 0196-2420.60 0.25 BS4518 0206-2421.60 0.25 BS4518 0216-2424.60 0.25 BS4518 0246-2427.60 0.25 BS4518 0276-2429.60 0.25 BS4518 0296-2431.60 0.30 BS4518 0316-2434.60 0.30 BS4518 0346-2435.60 0.30 BS4518 0356-2437.60 0.30 BS4518 0376-2439.60 0.30 BS4518 0396-2441.60 0.30 BS4518 0416-2444.60 0.30 BS4518 0446-2445.60 0.30 BS4518 0456-2447.60 0.30 BS4518 0476-2449.60 0.30 BS4518 0496-2451.60 0.40 BS4518 0516-2454.60 0.40 BS4518 0546-2455.60 0.40 BS4518 0556-2457.60 0.40 BS4518 0576-24

58.60 0.40 BS4518 0586-2459.60 0.40 BS4518 0596-2461.60 0.40 BS4518 0616-2462.60 0.40 BS4518 0626-2464.60 0.40 BS4518 0646-2467.60 0.40 BS4518 0676-2469.60 0.40 BS4518 0696-24

17.93 0.23 AS568-909, BSM48-90919.18 0.23 AS568-910, BSM48-910

1.24 0.10 BS1806-102, AS568-1022.06 0.13 BS1806-103, AS568-1032.84 0.13 BS1806-104, AS568-1043.63 0.13 BS1806-105, AS568-1054.42 0.13 BS1806-106, AS568-1065.23 0.13 BS1806-107, AS568-1076.02 0.13 BS1806-108, AS568-1087.59 0.13 BS1806-109, AS568-1099.19 0.13 BS1806-110, AS568-11010.77 0.13 BS1806-111, AS568-11112.37 0.13 BS1806-112, AS568-11213.94 0.18 BS1806-113, AS568-11315.54 0.23 BS1806-114, AS568-11417.12 0.23 BS1806-115, AS568-11518.72 0.23 BS1806-116, AS568-11620.29 0.25 BS1806-117, AS568-11721.89 0.25 BS1806-118, AS568-11823.47 0.25 BS1806-119, AS568-11925.07 0.25 BS1806-120, AS568-12026.64 0.25 BS1806-121, AS568-12128.24 0.25 BS1806-122, AS568-12229.82 0.30 BS1806-123, AS568-12331.42 0.30 BS1806-124, AS568-12432.99 0.30 BS1806-125, AS568-12534.59 0.30 BS1806-126, AS568-12636.17 0.30 BS1806-127, AS568-12737.77 0.30 BS1806-128, AS568-12839.34 0.38 BS1806-129, AS568-12940.94 0.38 BS1806-130, AS568-13042.52 0.38 BS1806-131, AS568-13144.12 0.38 BS1806-132, AS568-13245.69 0.38 BS1806-133, AS568-13347.29 0.43 BS1806-134, AS568-13448.90 0.43 BS1806-135, AS568-13550.47 0.43 BS1806-136, AS568-13652.07 0.43 BS1806-137, AS568-13753.64 0.43 BS1806-138, AS568-13855.25 0.43 BS1806-139, AS568-13956.82 0.43 BS1806-140, AS568-14058.42 0.51 BS1806-141, AS568-14159.99 0.51 BS1806-142, AS568-14261.60 0.51 BS1806-143, AS568-14363.17 0.51 BS1806-144, AS568-14464.77 0.51 BS1806-145, AS568-14566.34 0.51 BS1806-146, AS568-14667.95 0.56 BS1806-147, AS568-14769.52 0.56 BS1806-148, AS568-14871.12 0.56 BS1806-149, AS568-14972.69 0.56 BS1806-150, AS568-15075.87 0.61 BS1806-151, AS568-15182.22 0.61 BS1806-152, AS568-15288.57 0.61 BS1806-153, AS568-15394.92 0.71 BS1806-154, AS568-154101.27 0.71 BS1806-155, AS568-155107.62 0.76 BS1806-156, AS568-156113.97 0.76 BS1806-157, AS568-157120.32 0.76 BS1806-158, AS568-158

1.80+/- 0.08

1.83+/- 0.08

1.90+/- 0.08

1.98+/- 0.08

2.08+/- 0.08

2.21+/- 0.08

2.40+/- 0.08

2.40+/- 0.08

2.46+/- 0.08

2.62+/- 0.08

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O-ring

sizes

126.67 0.89 BS1806-159, AS568-159133.02 0.89 BS1806-160, AS568-160139.37 0.89 BS1806-161, AS568-161145.72 0.89 BS1806-162, AS568-162152.07 0.89 BS1806-163, AS568-163158.42 1.02 BS1806-164, AS568-164164.77 1.02 BS1806-165, AS568-165171.12 1.02 BS1806-166, AS568-166177.47 1.02 BS1806-167, AS568-167183.82 1.14 BS1806-168, AS568-168190.17 1.14 BS1806-169, AS568-169196.52 1.14 BS1806-170, AS568-170202.87 1.14 BS1806-171, AS568-171209.22 1.27 BS1806-172, AS568-172215.57 1.27 BS1806-173, AS568-173221.92 1.27 BS1806-174, AS568-174228.27 1.27 BS1806-175, AS568-175234.62 1.40 BS1806-176, AS568-176240.97 1.40 BS1806-177, AS568-177247.32 1.40 BS1806-178, AS568-178

14.00 0.22 ISO3601-G14.50 0.22 ISO3601-G15.00 0.22 ISO3601-G15.50 0.23 ISO3601-G16.00 0.23 ISO3601-G17.00 0.24 ISO3601-G18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G31.50 0.35 ISO3601-G32.50 0.36 ISO3601-G33.50 0.36 ISO3601-G34.50 0.37 ISO3601-G35.50 0.38 ISO3601-G36.50 0.38 ISO3601-G37.50 0.39 ISO3601-G38.70 0.40 ISO3601-G40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G

65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G

8.90 0.18 R810.50 0.19 R912.10 0.21 R1013.60 0.22 R1115.10 0.23 R1216.90 0.24 R1318.40 0.25 R14

21.92 0.23 AS568-911, BSM48-91123.47 0.23 AS568-912, BSM48-91225.04 0.25 AS568-913, BSM48-91326.59 0.25 AS568-914, BSM48-91429.74 0.25 AS568-916, BSM48-91634.42 0.30 AS568-918, BSM48-918

19.50 0.25 BS4518 0195-3021.50 0.25 BS4518 0215-3022.50 0.25 BS4518 0225-3024.50 0.25 BS4518 0245-3025.50 0.25 BS4518 0255-3026.50 0.25 BS4518 0265-3027.50 0.25 BS4518 0275-3029.50 0.25 BS4518 0295-3031.50 0.30 BS4518 0315-3032.50 0.30 BS4518 0325-3034.50 0.30 BS4518 0345-3035.50 0.30 BS4518 0355-3036.50 0.30 BS4518 0365-3037.47 0.36 AS568-920, BSM48-92037.50 0.30 BS4518 0375-3039.50 0.30 BS4518 0395-3041.50 0.30 BS4518 0415-3042.50 0.30 BS4518 0425-3043.69 0.36 AS568-924, BSM48-92444.50 0.30 BS4518 0445-3049.50 0.30 BS4518 0495-3053.09 0.46 AS568-928, BSM48-92854.50 0.40 BS4518 0545-3055.50 0.40 BS4518 0555-3057.50 0.40 BS4518 0575-3059.36 0.46 AS568-932, BSM48-93259.50 0.40 BS4518 0595-3062.50 0.40 BS4518 0625-3064.50 0.40 BS4518 0645-3069.50 0.40 BS4518 0695-3074.50 0.40 BS4518 0745-3079.50 0.40 BS4518 0795-3084.50 0.50 BS4518 0845-3089.50 0.50 BS4518 0895-30

2.62+/- 0.08

2.65+/- 0.09

2.65+/- 0.09

2.70+/- 0.09

2.95+/- 0.10

3.00+/- 0.10

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94.50 0.50 BS4518 0945-3099.50 0.50 BS4518 0995-30104.50 0.50 BS4518 1045-30109.50 0.50 BS4518 1095-30114.50 0.50 BS4518 1145-30119.50 0.50 BS4518 1195-30124.50 0.60 BS4518 1245-30129.50 0.60 BS4518 1295-30134.50 0.60 BS4518 1345-30139.50 0.60 BS4518 1395-30144.50 0.60 BS4518 1445-30149.50 0.60 BS4518 1495-30154.50 0.60 BS4518 1545-30159.50 0.60 BS4518 1595-30164.50 0.60 BS4518 1645-30169.50 0.60 BS4518 1695-30174.50 0.60 BS4518 1745-30179.50 0.60 BS4518 1795-30184.50 0.80 BS4518 1845-30189.50 0.80 BS4518 1895-30194.50 0.80 BS4518 1945-30199.50 0.80 BS4518 1995-30209.50 0.80 BS4518 2095-30219.50 0.80 BS4518 2195-30229.50 0.80 BS4518 2295-30239.50 0.80 BS4518 2395-30244.50 0.80 BS4518 2445-30249.50 0.80 BS4518 2495-30

4.34 0.13 BS1806-201, AS568-2015.94 0.13 BS1806-202, AS568-2027.52 0.13 BS1806-203, AS568-2039.12 0.13 BS1806-204, AS568-20410.69 0.13 BS1806-205, AS568-20512.29 0.13 BS1806-206, AS568-20613.87 0.18 BS1806-207, AS568-20715.47 0.23 BS1806-208, AS568-20817.04 0.23 BS1806-209, AS568-20918.64 0.25 BS1806-210, AS568-21020.22 0.25 BS1806-211, AS568-21121.82 0.25 BS1806-212, AS568-21223.39 0.25 BS1806-213, AS568-21324.99 0.25 BS1806-214, AS568-21426.57 0.25 BS1806-215, AS568-21528.17 0.30 BS1806-216, AS568-21629.74 0.30 BS1806-217, AS568-21731.34 0.30 BS1806-218, AS568-21832.92 0.30 BS1806-219, AS568-21934.52 0.30 BS1806-220, AS568-22036.09 0.30 BS1806-221, AS568-22137.69 0.38 BS1806-222, AS568-22240.87 0.38 BS1806-223, AS568-22344.04 0.38 BS1806-224, AS568-22447.22 0.46 BS1806-225, AS568-22550.39 0.46 BS1806-226, AS568-22653.57 0.46 BS1806-227, AS568-22756.74 0.51 BS1806-228, AS568-22859.92 0.51 BS1806-229, AS568-22963.09 0.51 BS1806-230, AS568-23066.27 0.51 BS1806-231, AS568-23169.44 0.61 BS1806-232, AS568-23272.62 0.61 BS1806-233, AS568-23375.79 0.61 BS1806-234, AS568-23478.97 0.61 BS1806-235, AS568-23582.14 0.61 BS1806-236, AS568-23685.32 0.61 BS1806-237, AS568-23788.49 0.61 BS1806-238, AS568-23891.67 0.71 BS1806-239, AS568-239

94.84 0.71 BS1806-240, AS568-24098.02 0.71 BS1806-241, AS568-241101.19 0.71 BS1806-242, AS568-242104.37 0.71 BS1806-243, AS568-243107.54 0.76 BS1806-244, AS568-244110.72 0.76 BS1806-245, AS568-245113.89 0.76 BS1806-246, AS568-246117.07 0.76 BS1806-247, AS568-247120.24 0.76 BS1806-248, AS568-248123.42 0.89 BS1806-249, AS568-249126.59 0.89 BS1806-250, AS568-250129.77 0.89 BS1806-251, AS568-251132.94 0.89 BS1806-252, AS568-252136.12 0.89 BS1806-253, AS568-253139.29 0.89 BS1806-254, AS568-254142.47 0.89 BS1806-255, AS568-255145.64 0.89 BS1806-256, AS568-256148.82 0.89 BS1806-257, AS568-257151.99 0.89 BS1806-258, AS568-258158.34 1.02 BS1806-259, AS568-259164.69 1.02 BS1806-260, AS568-260171.04 1.02 BS1806-261, AS568-261177.39 1.02 BS1806-262, AS568-262183.74 1.14 BS1806-263, AS568-263190.09 1.14 BS1806-264, AS568-264196.44 1.14 BS1806-265, AS568-265202.79 1.14 BS1806-266, AS568-266209.14 1.27 BS1806-267, AS568-267215.49 1.27 BS1806-268, AS568-268221.84 1.27 BS1806-269, AS568-269228.19 1.27 BS1806-270, AS568-270234.54 1.40 BS1806-271, AS568-271240.89 1.40 BS1806-272, AS568-272247.24 1.40 BS1806-273, AS568-273253.59 1.40 BS1806-274, AS568-274266.29 1.40 BS1806-275, AS568-275278.99 1.65 BS1806-276, AS568-276291.69 1.65 BS1806-277, AS568-277304.39 1.65 BS1806-278, AS568-278329.79 1.65 BS1806-279, AS568-279355.19 1.65 BS1806-280, AS568-280380.57 1.65 BS1806-281, AS568-281405.26 1.91 BS1806-282, AS568-282430.66 2.03 BS1806-283, AS568-283456.06 2.16 BS1806-284, AS568-284

18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G31.50 0.35 ISO3601-G32.50 0.36 ISO3601-G33.50 0.36 ISO3601-G34.50 0.37 ISO3601-G35.50 0.38 ISO3601-G36.50 0.38 ISO3601-G

O-r

ing

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es

3.00+/- 0.10

3.53+/- 0.10

3.53+/- 0.10

3.55+/- 0.10

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60



O-ring

sizes

37.50 0.39 ISO3601-G38.70 0.40 ISO3601-G40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G

18.30 0.25 R1519.80 0.26 R1621.30 0.28 R1723.00 0.29 R1824.60 0.30 R1926.20 0.31 R2027.80 0.32 R2129.30 0.34 R2230.80 0.35 R2332.50 0.36 R2434.10 0.37 R2535.60 0.39 R2637.30 0.39 R27

40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G

3.55+/- 0.10

3.60+/- 0.10

5.30+/- 0.13

61

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165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G203.00 1.51 ISO3601-G206.00 1.53 ISO3601-G212.00 1.57 ISO3601-G218.00 1.61 ISO3601-G224.00 1.65 ISO3601-G227.00 1.67 ISO3601-G230.00 1.69 ISO3601-G236.00 1.73 ISO3601-G239.00 1.75 ISO3601-G243.00 1.77 ISO3601-G250.00 1.82 ISO3601-G254.00 1.84 ISO3601-G258.00 1.87 ISO3601-G261.00 1.89 ISO3601-G265.00 1.91 ISO3601-G268.00 1.92 ISO3601-G272.00 1.96 ISO3601-G276.00 1.98 ISO3601-G280.00 2.01 ISO3601-G283.00 2.03 ISO3601-G286.00 2.05 ISO3601-G290.00 2.08 ISO3601-G295.00 2.11 ISO3601-G300.00 2.14 ISO3601-G303.00 2.16 ISO3601-G307.00 2.19 ISO3601-G311.00 2.21 ISO3601-G315.00 2.24 ISO3601-G320.00 2.27 ISO3601-G325.00 2.30 ISO3601-G330.00 2.33 ISO3601-G335.00 2.36 ISO3601-G340.00 2.40 ISO3601-G345.00 2.43 ISO3601-G350.00 2.46 ISO3601-G355.00 2.49 ISO3601-G360.00 2.52 ISO3601-G365.00 2.56 ISO3601-G370.00 2.59 ISO3601-G375.00 2.62 ISO3601-G379.00 2.64 ISO3601-G383.00 2.67 ISO3601-G387.00 2.70 ISO3601-G391.00 2.72 ISO3601-G395.00 2.75 ISO3601-G400.00 2.78 ISO3601-G

10.46 0.13 BS1806-309, AS568-30912.07 0.13 BS1806-310, AS568-31013.64 0.18 BS1806-311, AS568-31115.24 0.23 BS1806-312, AS568-31216.81 0.23 BS1806-313, AS568-31318.42 0.25 BS1806-314, AS568-31419.99 0.25 BS1806-315, AS568-31521.59 0.25 BS1806-316, AS568-316

23.16 0.25 BS1806-317, AS568-31724.77 0.25 BS1806-318, AS568-31826.34 0.25 BS1806-319, AS568-31927.94 0.30 BS1806-320, AS568-32029.51 0.30 BS1806-321, AS568-32131.12 0.30 BS1806-322, AS568-32232.69 0.30 BS1806-323, AS568-32334.29 0.30 BS1806-324, AS568-32437.47 0.38 BS1806-325, AS568-325, R2840.64 0.38 BS1806-326, AS568-326, R2943.82 0.38 BS1806-327, AS568-327, R3046.99 0.38 BS1806-328, AS568-328, R3150.17 0.46 BS1806-329, AS568-329, R3253.34 0.46 BS1806-330, AS568-330, R3356.52 0.46 BS1806-331, AS568-331, R3459.69 0.46 BS1806-332, AS568-332, R3562.87 0.51 BS1806-333, AS568-333, R3666.04 0.51 BS1806-334, AS568-334, R3769.22 0.51 BS1806-335, AS568-335, R3872.39 0.51 BS1806-336, AS568-336, R3975.57 0.61 BS1806-337, AS568-337, R4078.74 0.61 BS1806-338, AS568-338, R4181.92 0.61 BS1806-339, AS568-339, R4285.09 0.61 BS1806-340, AS568-340, R4388.27 0.61 BS1806-341, AS568-341, R4491.44 0.71 BS1806-342, AS568-342, R4594.62 0.71 BS1806-343, AS568-343, R4697.79 0.71 BS1806-344, AS568-344, R47100.97 0.71 BS1806-345, AS568-345, R48104.14 0.71 BS1806-346, AS568-346, R49107.32 0.76 BS1806-347, AS568-347, R50110.49 0.76 BS1806-348, AS568-348, R51113.67 0.76 BS1806-349, AS568-349, R52116.84 0.76 BS1806-350, AS568-350120.02 0.76 BS1806-351, AS568-351123.19 0.76 BS1806-352, AS568-352126.37 0.94 BS1806-353, AS568-353129.54 0.94 BS1806-354, AS568-354132.72 0.94 BS1806-355, AS568-355135.89 0.94 BS1806-356, AS568-356139.07 0.94 BS1806-357, AS568-357142.24 0.94 BS1806-358, AS568-358145.42 0.94 BS1806-359, AS568-359148.59 0.94 BS1806-360, AS568-360151.77 0.94 BS1806-361, AS568-361158.12 1.02 BS1806-362, AS568-362164.47 1.02 BS1806-363, AS568-363170.82 1.02 BS1806-364, AS568-364177.17 1.02 BS1806-365, AS568-365183.52 1.14 BS1806-366, AS568-366189.87 1.14 BS1806-367, AS568-367196.22 1.14 BS1806-368, AS568-368202.57 1.14 BS1806-369, AS568-369208.92 1.27 BS1806-370, AS568-370215.27 1.27 BS1806-371, AS568-371221.62 1.27 BS1806-372, AS568-372227.97 1.27 BS1806-373, AS568-373234.32 1.40 BS1806-374, AS568-374240.67 1.40 BS1806-375, AS568-375247.02 1.40 BS1806-376, AS568-376253.37 1.40 BS1806-377, AS568-377266.07 1.52 BS1806-378, AS568-378278.77 1.52 BS1806-379, AS568-379291.47 1.65 BS1806-380, AS568-380304.17 1.65 BS1806-381, AS568-381329.57 1.65 BS1806-382, AS568-382354.97 1.78 BS1806-383, AS568-383

5.30+/- 0.13

5.33+/- 0.13

5.33+/- 0.13

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62



O-ring

sizes

380.37 1.78 BS1806-384, AS568-384405.26 1.91 BS1806-385, AS568-385430.66 2.03 BS1806-386, AS568-386456.06 2.16 BS1806-387, AS568-387481.46 2.29 BS1806-388, AS568-388506.86 2.41 BS1806-389, AS568-389532.26 2.41 BS1806-390, AS568-390557.66 2.54 BS1806-391, AS568-391582.68 2.67 BS1806-392, AS568-392608.08 2.79 BS1806-393, AS568-393633.48 2.92 BS1806-394, AS568-394658.88 3.05 BS1806-395, AS568-395

44.30 0.30 BS4518 0443-5745.30 0.30 BS4518 0453-5749.30 0.30 BS4518 0493-5752.30 0.40 BS4518 0523-5754.30 0.40 BS4518 0543-5755.30 0.40 BS4518 0553-5759.30 0.40 BS4518 0593-5762.30 0.40 BS4518 0623-5764.30 0.40 BS4518 0643-5769.30 0.40 BS4518 0693-5774.30 0.40 BS4518 0743-5779.30 0.40 BS4518 0793-5784.30 0.50 BS4518 0843-5789.30 0.50 BS4518 0893-5794.30 0.50 BS4518 0943-5799.30 0.50 BS4518 0993-57104.30 0.50 BS4518 1043-57109.30 0.50 BS4518 1093-57114.30 0.50 BS4518 1143-57119.30 0.50 BS4518 1193-57124.30 0.60 BS4518 1243-57129.30 0.60 BS4518 1293-57134.30 0.60 BS4518 1343-57139.30 0.60 BS4518 1393-57144.30 0.60 BS4518 1443-57149.30 0.60 BS4518 1493-57154.30 0.60 BS4518 1543-57159.30 0.60 BS4518 1593-57164.30 0.60 BS4518 1643-57169.30 0.60 BS4518 1693-57174.30 0.60 BS4518 1743-57179.30 0.60 BS4518 1793-57184.30 0.80 BS4518 1843-57189.30 0.80 BS4518 1893-57194.30 0.80 BS4518 1943-57199.30 0.80 BS4518 1993-57209.30 0.80 BS4518 2093-57219.30 0.80 BS4518 2193-57229.30 0.80 BS4518 2293-57239.30 0.80 BS4518 2393-57249.30 0.80 BS4518 2493-57259.30 1.00 BS4518 2593-57269.30 1.00 BS4518 2693-57279.30 1.00 BS4518 2793-57289.30 1.00 BS4518 2893-57299.30 1.00 BS4518 2993-57309.30 1.50 BS4518 3093-57319.30 1.50 BS4518 3193-57339.30 1.50 BS4518 3393-57359.30 1.50 BS4518 3593-57379.30 1.50 BS4518 3793-57389.30 1.50 BS4518 3893-57399.30 1.50 BS4518 3993-57419.30 2.00 BS4518 4193-57439.30 2.00 BS4518 4393-57

459.30 2.00 BS4518 4593-57479.30 2.00 BS4518 4793-57489.30 2.00 BS4518 4893-57499.30 2.00 BS4518 4993-57

113.67 0.84 BS1806-425, AS568-425, R53116.84 0.84 BS1806-426, AS568-426, R54120.02 0.84 BS1806-427, AS568-427, R55123.19 0.84 BS1806-428, AS568-428, R56126.37 0.94 BS1806-429, AS568-429, R57129.54 0.94 BS1806-430, AS568-430, R58132.72 0.94 BS1806-431, AS568-431, R59135.89 0.94 BS1806-432, AS568-432, R60139.07 0.94 BS1806-433, AS568-433, R61142.24 0.94 BS1806-434, AS568-434, R62145.42 0.94 BS1806-435, AS568-435, R63148.59 0.94 BS1806-436, AS568-436, R64151.77 0.94 BS1806-437, AS568-437, R65158.12 1.02 BS1806-438, AS568-438, R66164.47 1.02 BS1806-439, AS568-439, R67170.82 1.02 BS1806-440, AS568-440, R68177.17 1.02 BS1806-441, AS568-441, R69183.52 1.14 BS1806-442, AS568-442, R70189.87 1.14 BS1806-443, AS568-443, R71196.22 1.14 BS1806-444, AS568-444, R72202.57 1.14 BS1806-445, AS568-445, R73215.27 1.40 BS1806-446, AS568-446, R74227.97 1.40 BS1806-447, AS568-447, R75240.67 1.40 BS1806-448, AS568-448, R76253.37 1.40 BS1806-449, AS568-449, R77266.07 1.52 BS1806-450, AS568-450, R78278.77 1.52 BS1806-451, AS568-451, R79291.47 1.52 BS1806-452, AS568-452, R80304.17 1.52 BS1806-453, AS568-453, R81316.87 1.52 BS1806-454, AS568-454, R82329.57 1.52 BS1806-455, AS568-455, R83342.27 1.78 BS1806-456, AS568-456, R84354.97 1.78 BS1806-457, AS568-457, R85367.67 1.78 BS1806-458, AS568-458, R86380.37 1.78 BS1806-459, AS568-459, R87393.07 1.78 BS1806-460, AS568-460, R88405.26 1.91 BS1806-461, AS568-461417.96 1.91 BS1806-462, AS568-462430.66 2.03 BS1806-463, AS568-463443.36 2.16 BS1806-464, AS568-464456.06 2.16 BS1806-465, AS568-465468.76 2.16 BS1806-466, AS568-466481.46 2.29 BS1806-467, AS568-467494.16 2.29 BS1806-468, AS568-468506.86 2.41 BS1806-469, AS568-469532.26 2.41 BS1806-470, AS568-470557.66 2.54 BS1806-471, AS568-471582.68 2.67 BS1806-472, AS568-472608.08 2.79 BS1806-473, AS568-473633.48 2.92 BS1806-474, AS568-474658.88 3.05 BS1806-475, AS568-475

109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G

5.33+/- 0.13

5.70+/- 0.12

6.99+/- 0.15

7.00+/- 0.15

5.70+/- 0.12

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145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G203.00 1.51 ISO3601-G206.00 1.53 ISO3601-G212.00 1.57 ISO3601-G218.00 1.61 ISO3601-G224.00 1.65 ISO3601-G227.00 1.67 ISO3601-G230.00 1.69 ISO3601-G236.00 1.73 ISO3601-G239.00 1.75 ISO3601-G243.00 1.77 ISO3601-G250.00 1.82 ISO3601-G254.00 1.84 ISO3601-G258.00 1.87 ISO3601-G261.00 1.89 ISO3601-G265.00 1.91 ISO3601-G268.00 1.92 ISO3601-G272.00 1.96 ISO3601-G276.00 1.98 ISO3601-G280.00 2.01 ISO3601-G283.00 2.03 ISO3601-G286.00 2.05 ISO3601-G290.00 2.08 ISO3601-G295.00 2.11 ISO3601-G300.00 2.14 ISO3601-G303.00 2.16 ISO3601-G307.00 2.19 ISO3601-G311.00 2.21 ISO3601-G315.00 2.24 ISO3601-G320.00 2.27 ISO3601-G325.00 2.30 ISO3601-G330.00 2.33 ISO3601-G335.00 2.36 ISO3601-G340.00 2.40 ISO3601-G345.00 2.43 ISO3601-G350.00 2.46 ISO3601-G355.00 2.49 ISO3601-G360.00 2.52 ISO3601-G365.00 2.56 ISO3601-G370.00 2.59 ISO3601-G375.00 2.62 ISO3601-G379.00 2.64 ISO3601-G383.00 2.67 ISO3601-G387.00 2.70 ISO3601-G391.00 2.72 ISO3601-G395.00 2.75 ISO3601-G400.00 2.78 ISO3601-G

406.00 2.82 ISO3601-G412.00 2.85 ISO3601-G418.00 2.89 ISO3601-G425.00 2.93 ISO3601-G429.00 2.96 ISO3601-G433.00 2.99 ISO3601-G437.00 3.01 ISO3601-G443.00 3.05 ISO3601-G450.00 3.09 ISO3601-G456.00 3.13 ISO3601-G462.00 3.17 ISO3601-G466.00 3.19 ISO3601-G470.00 3.22 ISO3601-G475.00 3.25 ISO3601-G479.00 3.28 ISO3601-G483.00 3.30 ISO3601-G487.00 3.33 ISO3601-G493.00 3.36 ISO3601-G500.00 3.41 ISO3601-G508.00 3.46 ISO3601-G515.00 3.50 ISO3601-G523.00 3.55 ISO3601-G530.00 3.60 ISO3601-G538.00 3.65 ISO3601-G545.00 3.69 ISO3601-G553.00 3.74 ISO3601-G560.00 3.78 ISO3601-G570.00 3.85 ISO3601-G580.00 3.91 ISO3601-G590.00 3.97 ISO3601-G600.00 4.03 ISO3601-G608.00 4.08 ISO3601-G615.00 4.12 ISO3601-G623.00 4.17 ISO3601-G630.00 4.22 ISO3601-G640.00 4.28 ISO3601-G650.00 4.34 ISO3601-G660.00 4.40 ISO3601-G670.00 4.47 ISO3601-G

144.10 0.60 BS4518 1441-84149.10 0.60 BS4518 1491-84154.10 0.60 BS4518 1541-84159.10 0.60 BS4518 1591-84164.10 0.60 BS4518 1641-84169.10 0.60 BS4518 1691-84174.10 0.60 BS4518 1741-84179.10 0.60 BS4518 1791-84184.10 0.80 BS4518 1841-84189.10 0.80 BS4518 1891-84194.10 0.80 BS4518 1941-84199.10 0.80 BS4518 1991-84204.10 0.80 BS4518 2041-84209.10 0.80 BS4518 2091-84219.10 0.80 BS4518 2191-84229.10 0.80 BS4518 2291-84234.10 0.80 BS4518 2341-84239.10 0.80 BS4518 2391-84249.10 0.80 BS4518 2491-84

7.00+/- 0.15

7.00+/- 0.15

8.40+/- 0.15

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3-A Sanitary Standards Inc. 21Abrasion 48Accelerated ageing 50ACM 14Acrylonitrile Butadine 16

AEM 14Aerospace tolerances 55Aerospace/Defence 19Analysis of elastomer materials 7Analytical services 7

Approvals 19AS4716 groove sizes for piston and rod seals 52AS568 O-ring sizes 52, 57ASTM D1418 material designations 14AU 14

Back-up rings 53BGC/PSL/LC6 (Gas specification) 21Bio-analytical 19BS1806 O-ring sizes (imperial) 57BS2494 21

BS3734 moulding tolerances 56BS4518 O-ring sizes (metric) 57Butyl 16Chemical Compatibility (Online) 9Chemical Compatibility (Reference Table) 23

Chemical compatibility testing 7Chemical Processing Industry elastomers 19Chemical resistance data 23Chemical/Temperature resistance matrix 18Chloroprene 14

Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene 14Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene 14Clearance gap 53Coeffecient of thermal expansion 51Comparison of elastomer properties 18

Component Design 6Compression set 49Compressive modulus 49Compressive stress relaxation 49Computer Aided Design (CAD) 6

Consultancy service 7Copolymer 16CR 14Cross-section 55, 57CSM 14

Cure systems 51Customised design service 6Datasheets 9Defence 19Design service 6

Diesel Engines 19Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 8DTD Specification 19DVGW 21ECO 14

Elastomer material types 14Elongation 47Embrittlement and hardening 50EPDM 15Epichlorohydrin 14

Ethylene Acrylic 14Ethylene-Propylene 15EU 14Explosive Decompression (ED) 21, 49Explosive decompression testing 8

Extrusion 53Face seals 52Failure analysis 7FCN (Food Contact Notification) 21FDA (Food & Drug Administration) 20

FEA 6FEP 15FEPM 15FFKM (FFPM) 11, 15Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 6

FKM (FPM) 15, 16Fluorocarbon 15Fluoroelastomer 15Fluoroethylene Propylene-Perfluoroalkoxy 15Fluorosilicone 16

Food & Drug Administration 20Food Contact Notification 21Force, sealing 52Friction 48FVMQ 16

Gas Specification 21Generator Sets 19Glass transition temperature 50Groove dimensions 10Hardening and embrittlement 50

Hardness testing 7Hardness 48Hardware design guidelines 10, 52Heat resistance 50High Nitrile 16

HNBR 17How to select the correct seal 12Hydrongenated Nitrile 17IIR 16Industry specific elastomers 19

Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) 8Internal diameter 57International O-ring sizes 52, 57IR 16IRHD hardness 48

ISO 1629 material designations 14ISO 3601 54, 57KTW 21Laboratory testing & analysis 7Le Joint Francais 57

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Index A–I

Lead times 5Low Nitrile 16Low temperature resistance 50Manufacturing lead times 5Marine Diesel Engine seals 19

Material approvals 19Material Characterisation Centre 7Material datasheets 9Material testing and analysis 7Mechanical evaluation/testing 8

Medium Nitrile 16Metal detectable seals 20Microscopy 7MIL Specification 19Modulus 47

Moulding tolerances 56Natural Rubber 17NBR 16NES337 Defence Standard 19Nitrile 16

Non-standard O-rings 5NR 17Nuclear 19Offshore 20Oil & Gas 20

Online Chemical Compatibility 9Online Helpdesk 10Online Literature Library (specs, datasheets & certificates) 9Online Material Selector Tool 9Online O-ring and Groove Dimension Wizard 10

O-ring sizes 57O-ring tolerances 54, 55Outgassing 51Ozone resistance 50Perfluoroelastomer 11, 15

Perlast 11Permeation 49Peroxide cure 51PFA 15Pharmaceutical 19

Piston seals 52Polyacrylate 14Polyacrylic 14Polyester 14Polyether Urethane 14

Polyisoprene 16Polytetrafluoroethylene 17Potable Water 21Powder Generation 19Pressure 53

PTFE 11, 17PVMQ 17Quality 5R (LJF) O-ring sizes 57Registered trade names 22

Retained sealing force 49Rod seals 52SBR 17Seal selection – considerations 12Sealing force 49

Selecting the correct seal 12Semiconductor 20Shore hardness 48Shrinkage (volume change) 51Silicone 17

Softening 50Spectroscopy 8Squeeze 52Standard O-ring sizes 57Strain energy density 47

Stress-strain curve 47Styrene-Butadine 17Sulphur cure 51Swelling 23, 50, 51Tear strength 48

Technical design service 5Technical support 5Temperature range of elastomers 18Temperature Retraction (TR) Test 50Temperature/Chemical resistance matrix 18

Tensile strength 47Tensile stress 47Terminology 47Terpolymer 16Testing and analysis 7

Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene 15, 17Tetrapolymer 16TFE/P 15, 17Thermal analysis 7Thermal expansion 51

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 8Tolerances 51, 55, 57Tooling 5Trade names 22Training and Education 5

Trapped seals 52Types of elastomer 14United States Pharmacopiea (USP) 21USP Class VI 21UV resistance 50

VMQ 17Volume change 51Volume loss 49, 50Water grade seals 21Wear 48

Weathering 50Website tools 9WRC (Water Research Council) 21

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Index I–Z

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