a systems approach to sustainable water resources ... · a systems approach to sustainable water...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa
Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of Tunisia Science Centre World Summit 2017 (SCWS2017)
Systems Thinking for SustainabilityTokyo, Japan
15-17 November, 2017
![Page 2: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The top five global risks of highest concern for the next 10 years
Source: World Economic Forum, Global Risks Report 2016
![Page 3: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Factors driving Africa’s ecological footprint and biocapacity
Source: Global Footprint Network, 2011
![Page 4: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Globalization
Water,
energy,
food
insecurity
Threats to SustainabilityThreats to water resources
Consumption
patterns
Pollution and
land
degradation
Population
growth
Inappropriate
governance and
institutional
arrangements
Unsustainable
financing of
investments in
WSS
Climate change
![Page 5: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sea level rise of 60-70 cm
More severe, intense, prolonged droughts and floods
-15 to 20% across all crops
+ 1% Land arididity
-5 to 20% rainfall
Impacts on water quality
Biodiversity loss (81-97%) of African species
Loss in production, infrastructure and increased poverty
Exacerbated malnutrition
+ 2°C Africa in 2050
![Page 6: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
While Lake Chad’s surface area fluctuates considerably with the seasonal rains, these dry-season images of Lake Chad show the long-term trend since the 1960s
Changes in rainfall during this period have been a major factor as has diversion for irrigation
LAKE CHAD’S VARIABILITY
SOURCE: UNEP Water Atlas, 2010
![Page 7: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water storage mitigates variability and change
4 43
74
6 12
87
14
06 2
48
6
32
55
47
29 6
15
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Ken
ya
Eth
iop
ia
Sou
thA
fric
a
Thai
lan
d
Lao
s
Ch
ina
Bra
zil
Au
stra
liaN
ort
hA
mer
ica
Low per capita storage (m3/capita)
World Bank (2003)
▪ Low level of water withdrawal: 3.8% of water resources developed (for water supply, irrigation and hydropower use)
▪ Limited ability to cope with runoff variability affects economies and GDP
▪ Increased storage (of all types) & spatial redistribution of benefits needed for meaningful development
![Page 8: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities (%) (left) Proportion of population using improved drinking water sources (%) (right)
in 2015
Source: WHO, 2015
![Page 9: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Irrigation potential developed:
Egypt, Morocco, South Africa > 75%
Botswana, Sudan, Zimbabwe,
Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Uganda 50-
75%
Rest < 50%
% Irrigated Land
INDIA: ~50 SSA: 5
![Page 10: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Informal Water Economies
Women make up more than half of the farmers, produce 90% of the continent´s food, and comprise 70% of the agricultural workforce
Rainfed and irrigated agriculture remains the main source of employment - >50% in SSA – and holds great promise for future growth and job creation
![Page 11: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Significant HEP potential
Source: Hydropower Outlook for Africa (BMZ, 2007)
![Page 12: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water
Security
Geopolitical
risks
Economic
risks
Societal
risks
Environ.
risks
Waterscarcity
Extremeweather
Biodiversityloss
Governancegaps
Globalization
Food pricevolatility
Oil pricevolatility
Population growth Chronic
diseases
Water Security and Interconnected Risks
Source: Modified from Ait Kadi, 2014
Pollution
![Page 13: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Africa Water Vision for 2025 Endorsed by the African Ministers of Water Resources and other stakeholders at the 2nd World Water Forum in May 2000
“An Africa where there is an equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for poverty alleviation, socio-economic
development, regional cooperation, and the environment. ”
Drinking Water: 75% access by 201595% access by 2025
Sanitation70% access by 2015
95% by 2025
Irrigation100% increase by 2025
Hydropower
10% of potential by 201525% by 2025
▪ Conservation and restoration of environment: Implemented in 100% of countries by 2025▪ Development of national policies and comprehensive institutional reform: 100% of countries by 2025▪ …
![Page 14: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Investments needed for implementing the Africa Water Vision 2025 50 bn US$ p.a. over 20+ yrs
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Drinking Water & Sanitation
Urban Wastewater
Agricultural Water Mgt
Hydropower-multipurpose Storage
Multipurpose storage (non-hydro)
Desalination
Non-structural & inst building
12
5
5
20
5
1
2
![Page 15: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SDG6 reflective of whole SDG framework
![Page 16: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Interdisciplinary
Applying the knowledge and skills from different
academic disciplines or subjects that are normallyregarded as distinct, to the
same task or project
A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press
Integrated
Promotes coordinateddevelopment and management
of water, land, and relatedresources, in order to not onlymaximize economic and social welfare, but also ensure equity
and sustainability
A Dictionary of Geography. Susan Mayhew. Oxford University Press, 2009. Oxford Reference Online.
Oxford University Press
Holistic
Takes into accountinterrelations between
people, the environmentand ecosystems
A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Chris Park. Oxford University
Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press
« It is recognized that water problems cannot be solved by quick technical solutions; solutions to water problems requirethe consideration of cultural, educational, communication and scientific aspects. Given the increasing political recognition of the importance of water, it is in the area of sustainable freshwater management that a major contribution to avoid/solvewater-related problems, including future conflicts, can be found. »
International Hydrological Program, UNESCO
![Page 17: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Institutionaland social
sustainability
Financial sustainability
Environmentalsustainability
Technicalsustainability
Sustainablehealth
protection
Key sustainability dimensions in water and resource management
Source: Adapted from SEI, 2017
Sustainablewater and resource
management
![Page 18: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Multiple use water services
Water
Health Livelihood
integrating domestic water, irrigation, fisheries, livestock, industries
– provide income, nutrition and health benefits, and improve water
productivity
Add support programs
for
hygiene,
sanitation or
nutrition for enhanced
health benefits
Increase food security
and income
through additional
support for crops,
livestock and business
for improved livelihood
![Page 19: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
We need to have a systems perspective of the urban water cycle
Surface
water
Demand
management
Leakage
management
Stormwater/
Rainwater
Black water
Groundwater
Grey water
Source: Vairavamoorthy, 2014
![Page 20: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Contribute to a livablecity
Resilient to changes in climate and economics
Provide flood protection
Minimize environmentalpollution
Use and reuse naturalresources efficiently
Protect human health
Provide reliable, secureand clean water supply
ONE WATER APPROACH
![Page 21: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Perspective of productive use and beneficiation
Source: Vairavamoorthy, 2014
![Page 22: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Integration of scales, sectors, sources and services
![Page 23: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Research
Education
GovernmentCivil Society
Private Sector (Formal and
Informal)
Partnerships
![Page 24: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Science – Policy – Society Interface
Science
SocietyPolicy
![Page 25: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Conclusions
Need innovative methods and technologies to increase resilience of water systems to global change pressures
Need a governance that will promote reforms, as well as new technologies and business models
Need to engage in policy, work with practitioners, facilitate capacity building
Need integration – across disciplines and scales for innovation
Need systems thinking, planning and implementation to achieve sustainable and resilient solutions
![Page 26: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources ... · A Systems Approach to Sustainable Water Resources Management in Africa Dr. Akiça Bahri National Agricultural Institute of](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053023/6056a1439e42e234fa331525/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank you