a system for detection of tampering on intermodal containers · egu 2020 general assembly may 7th...
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EGU 2020 General Assembly
May 7th
Nicola MoscaSTIIMA CNR
A system for detection of tampering on intermodal containers
Acknowledgments: The work is part of the SEC+ Project funded courtesy of ESIF Funds of the European Commission granted to MERMEC France under the regional contract N° PA0005330
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Shipping containers provide a standard and ubiquitous way to move goods between different places and countries
• Improving transport security of the containers hosting those goods is hence paramount
• Tampering needs to be addressed
Context
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
State of the art solutions
• Standard tampering and intrusion counter-measures “instruments” the container and include:• Locks
• Hard walls
• Tamper evident seals
• Just a few solutions approach the issue differently, but they are usually expensive or oriented toward similar (but not quite the same) problems:• Damage detection solutions: aiming to understand if a container is damaged –
regardless of the particular reasons, just an accident or deliberate
• Solutions using expensive and invasive technologies such as X-ray screening
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Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNR EGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• What is tampering?• Tamper: «interfere with something» in order to cause damage or make unauthorized
alterations
• How to detect tampering?• No easy answers here
• If someone looks for an alteration, it means that a general idea of «normal» should be already known
• An tamperer might:• Leave the damaged or altered part in plain sight
• Try to hide it, with different degrees of success
• The followed approach (untested yet, due to current situation):• Understand container characteristics by looking to recurrent patterns (limited to dry van
type)
• Find anomalies• Classifying tampering related changes from accidental ones is a challenge on its own, regardless of the
technologies
Detecting tampering
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Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNR EGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Understanding container characteristics:• Corrugated plate sidewall structural design can be used as a reference model
• Finding anomalies:• A different color, altered shape or material can indicate a tampered area
• Or maybe not:• Rust or corrosion are common and natural
• Punctures or gouges can be clear signs of tampering• Or collateral damages caused by a fork lift, due to human error while moving the container
• No magic wand:• Detect anomalies
• Assign a warning score to each one
• Report to the officer for validation• In this investigation even welding spots could be an anomaly – if present in strange places
Detecting Tampering (2)
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
Proposed solution (1)
• A cost-effective prototype of a “transportable” system is being devised.
• Different sensing technologies are being tested, including:• Color
• Hyperspectral
• 3d Profilometry
• Thermal imaging
• Color alone is unreliable
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Why hyperspectral?• A valid solution in other fields
to classify different materials
• There is potential there…
• Why not?• Slow
• Expensive
• Very noisy
• Express a wish (maybe two):• Find a bunch of discriminative
wavelength ranges
• Convert the analysis in multispectral to speed-up acquisition and processing
Early Hyperspectral investigation
A toy problem for understanding Hyperspectral potential, in a classification problemWhite: class 1; black: class 2; grey: do not care
1) Panel acquired in VIS range of the spectrum (320-1000nm), about 900 bands2) Hyperspectral image converted to RGB3) Classification using NN with Hyperspectral show reduced error, despite noise
Hyperspectral Color
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Why 3d?• Most tampering, if cannot
break/open a lock must create punctures/gougesin the wall
• 3d is today accurate enough to detectanomalies
• Challenges:• Bumps and holes do are
not caused by tampering alone
• Express a wish:• Avoid tampering
misclassification
Early 3d investigation
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Why Thermography?• One of few techniques
able to see beyond the surface
• Not quite X-ray effectivebut «cheaper» and lessinvasive as well
• Challenges:• Active thermography is
more time consumingw.r.t. color & 3d
• Express a wish:• Cost reduction might help
Early Thermography investigation
A weld has been hidden under a sticker. Active thermography is able to detect it regardless
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Fare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo dello schema
Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNREGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• The color cameras scan the whole surface and the 3d snapshot sensor is then used on selected areas• a separate thermo camera
setup can be used to collect further data
• It is foldable to better fit logistic operations• the system is designed to
inspect a container while trespassing the controlling gate in the terminal
Proposed Solution (2)
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Nicola Mosca - STIIMA CNR EGU 2020 – May 7th - Online
• Technologies and algorithmsare being testedon lab-friendlypatches
• The assembledsystem is goingto be tested on a full scale container
Tests
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Programming will resume after the (out-) break