A Survey: On Generation of Wireless Telephony Technology

Vimalanathan P R SriVidya

Dr. G R D College of Science Dr. G R D College of Science

Coimbatore Coimbatore pvimalanathanmsc@gmail.com srividya@grd.edu.in

Abstract

Wireless communication is the transfer of information

over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical

conductors or "wires”. The distances involved may be

short (a few meters as in television remote control) or

long (thousands or millions of kilometres for radio

communications).When the context is clear, the term is

often Shortened to "wireless". It encompasses various

types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-way radios,

cellular telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. In this paper we will

throw light on the evolution and development of

various generations of mobile wireless technology

along with their significance and advantages of one

over the other. In the past few decades, mobile wireless

technologies have experience 4 or 5 generations of

technology revolution and evolution, namely from 0G

to 4G.Current research in mobile wireless technology

concentrates on advance implementation of 4G

technology and 5G technology. Currently 5G term is

not officially used. In 5G researches are being made on

development of World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW),

Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Networks (DAWN) and Real

Wireless World.

Index Terms—0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G

1. Introduction

Mobile wireless industry has started its technology

creation, revolution and evolution since early 1970s. In

the past few decades, mobile wireless technologies

have experience 4 or 5 generations of technology

revolution and evolution, namely from 0G to 4G. The

cellular concept was introduced in the 1G technology

which made the large scale mobile wireless

communication possible. Digital communication has

replaced the analogy technology in the 2G which

significantly improved the wireless communication

Quality. Data communication, in addition to the voice

communication, has been the main focus in the 3G

technologies and a converged network for both voice

and data communication is emerging. With continued

R&D, there are many killer application opportunities

for the 4G as well as technological challenges.

2. ZERO GENERATION

TECHNOLOGY (0G – 0.5G)

Wireless telephone started with what you might call 0G

if you can remember back that far. The great ancestor is

the mobile telephone service that became available just

after World War II. In those pre-cell days, you had a

mobile operator to set up the calls and there were only a

handful of channels available. 0G refers to pre-cell

phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio

telephones that some had in cars before the advent of

cell phones. Mobile radio telephone systems preceded

modern cellular mobile telephony technology. Since

they were the predecessors of the first generation of

cellular telephones, these systems are called 0G (zero

Vimalanathan P et al ,Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 3 (4), 1467-1470

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generation) itself, and other basic ancillary data such as

time and date. Nevertheless, SMS messaging is also

available as a form of data transmission for some

standards. second generation 2G cellular telecom

networks were commercially launched on the

GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja.

4.1) 2.5G – GPRS (General Packet

Radio Service)

2.5G, which stands for "second and a half

generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed

in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G.

The term "second and a half generation" is used to

describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet

switched domain in addition to the circuit switched

domain. "2.5G" is an informal term, invented solely for

marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G" which are

officially defined standards based on those defined by

the International Telecommunication (ITU). 2.5G

networks may support services such as WAP, MMS,

SMS mobile games, and search and directory.

5. THIRD GENERATION

TECHNOLOGY (3G – 3.5G)

3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards

and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. It

is based on the International Telecommunication Union

(ITU) family of standards under the International

Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-

2000.3G technologies enable network operators to offer

users a wider range of more advanced services while

achieving greater network capacity through improved

spectral efficiency. Services include wide area wireless

voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless

data, all in a mobile environment.

5.1) 3.5G – HSDPA (High-Speed

Downlink Packet Access)

High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) is a

mobile telephony protocol, also called 3.5G (or

"3½G"), which provides a smooth evolutionary path for

UMTS-based 3G networks allowing for higher data

transfer speeds. HSDPA is a packet-based data service

in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8-

10 Mbit/s (and 20 Mbit/s for MIMO systems) over a

5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink. HSDPA

implementations includes Adaptive Modulation and

Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output

(MIMO), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), fast cell

search, and advanced receiver design.

6. FOURTH GENERATION

TECHNOLOGY

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless

standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of

standards. The nomenclature of the generations

generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature

of the service, non-backwards compatible transmission

technology and new frequency bands. The first was the

move from 1981 analogue (1G) to digital (2G)

transmission in 1992. This was followed, in 2002, by

3G multi-media support, spread spectrum transmission

and at least 200 kbit/s, soon expected to be followed by

4G, which refers to all-IP packet-switched networks,

mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and

multi-carrier transmission

7. FIFTH GENERATION

TECHNOLOGY

5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th

generation

wireless systems) is a name used in some research

papers and projects to denote the next major phase of

mobile telecommunications standards beyond the

upcoming 4G standards, which are expected to be

finalized between approximately 2011 and 2013.

Currently 5G is not a term officially used for any

particular specification or in any official document yet

made public by telecommunication companies or

standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum

or ITU-R. New 3GPP standard releases beyond 4G and

LTE Advanced are in progress, but not considered as

new mobile generations.

Generati

on

Speed Technology Time

period

Features

1G 14.4 AMPS,NMT,T 1970 – During 1G

Wireless

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ISSN:2229-6093

Kbps ACS 1980 phones are

used for

voice only.

2G 9.6/

14.4

Kbps

TDMA,CDMA 1990 to

2000

2G

capabilitie

s are

achieved

by

allowing

multiple

users on a

single

channel

via

multiplexi

ng. During

2G

Cellular

phones are

used for

data also

along with

voice.

2.5G 171.2

Kbps

20-40

Kbps

GPRS 2001-2004 2.5G the

internet

becomes

popular

and data

becomes

more

relevant.2.

5G

Multimedi

a services

and

streaming

starts to

show

growth.

Phones

start

supporting

web

browsing

though

limited

and very

few

phones

have that.

3G 3.1

Mbps

500-

700

Kbps

CDMA 200

(1xRTT,

EVDO) UMTS,

EDGE

2004-2005 3G has

Multimedi

a services

support

along with

streaming

are more

popular. In

3G,

Universal

access and

portability

across

different

device

types are

made

possible.

(Telephon

es, PDA’s,

etc.)

3.5G 14.4

Mbps

1-3

Mbps

HSPA 2006 –

2010

3.5G

supports

higher

throughput

and speeds

to support

higher data

needs of

the

consumers

.

4G 100-

300

Mbps.

3-5

Mbps

100

Mbps

(Wi-

Fi)

WiMax

LTE

Wi-Fi

Now

(Read

more on

Transitioni

ng to 4G)

Speeds for

4G are

further

increased

to keep up

with data

access

demand

used by

various

services.

High

definition

streaming

is now

supported

in 4G.

New

phones

with HD

capabilitie

s surface.

It gets

pretty

cool. In

4G,

Portability

is

increased

further.

World-

wide

roaming is

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ISSN:2229-6093

not a

distant

dream.

5G Probab

ly

gigabit

s

Not Yet Soon

(probably

2020)

Currently

there is no

5G

technology

deployed.

When this

becomes

available it

will

provide

very high

speeds to

the

consumers

. It would

also

provide

efficient

use of

available

bandwidth

CONCLUSION

Mobiles have become very essential part of our

everyday life. Their current development is the

outcome of various generations. In this paper were

views the various generations of mobile wireless technology, their portals, performance, advantages and

disadvantages of one generation over other. This field

is still full of research opportunities.

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Vimalanathan P et al ,Int.J.Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 3 (4), 1467-1470

IJCTA | July-August 2012 Available online@www.ijcta.com

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ISSN:2229-6093