a survey of e-learning content aggregation standards...outline 1 motivation 2 content aggregation...
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A Survey of E-learning ContentAggregation Standards
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal
August 14, 2014
KMEL’14The 4th International Symposium on
Knowledge Management & E-LearningTallinn, Estonia
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Outline
1 Motivation2 Content Aggregation Specifications
1 IMS Content Packaging2 ADL SCORM3 IMS Common Cartridge4 Tin Can (xAPI)5 Aggregation Standards comparision
3 Ensemble framework1 Architecture2 Data Model3 GUI4 Experiment
4 Conclusions
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Motivation
E-Learning Interoperability
Impressive evolution of e-learning
Specialized and disparate systems appeared to fulfil the needsof teachers/students in formal/informal learning
repositories of learning objectsauthoring toolsintelligent tutorsautomatic evaluatorsrecommendation systemslearning management systems
Heterogeneity raises interoperability issues
Solution: standardization of content
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Motivation
E-Learning Framework
Creation of the Ensemble E-Learning Framework (EeF)
to foster the practice of computer programmingto facilitate the teaching-learning process of computerprogramming
Need to formalize content (programming exercises) amongseveral heterogeneous systems
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
Learning Objects (LO)
Any chunk of decontextualized learning information, digital ornon-digital (e.g. image, text, video, game or sound)
Lego bricks approach: packaging of LOs of low granularityinto larger granularity objects
Used as components to assemble larger learning modules orcomplete courses (content packaging)
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
Learning Objects > Content Package
File (e.g. ZIP) with a XML manifest and content resources
Manifest describes the LO using a metadata standard (LOM)
Several content aggregation formats:1 IMS Contant Packaging2 ADL SCORM / Next Generation SCORM (eXperience API)3 IMS Common Cartridge
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
IMS Content Packaging (IMS CP)
Launched in 2000 by IMS Global
Assembles resources and metadata into an archive in ZIPformat with its content described in a XML manifest filenamed imsmanifest.xml
Contains the following sections:1 Metadata - describes the package as a whole2 Organizations - describes the organization of the content
within a manifest3 Resources - contains references to resources (files) needed for
the manifest and metadata describing these resources4 Sub-manifests - defines sub packages
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
IMS Content Packaging (IMS CP)
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
Launched in 2000 by ADL
Application profile for content packaging that extends IMS CP
Defines a set of rules for the communication between clientside content and a host system called the run-timeenvironment (e.g. LMS)
Introduced a complex idea called sequencing, which is a set ofrules that specifies the order in which a learner mayexperience content objects
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
SCORM Next Generation - Experience API (xAPI)
Released as version 1.0 in April of 2013 by Rustici Software
Records and tracks all types of learning experiences
Learning experiences are simple statements in a ”Noun, Verb,Object” format
Learning experiences are recorded in a Learning Record Store(LRS)
LRSs can exist within traditional Learning ManagementSystems (LMSs) or on their own
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
SCORM Next Generation (Tin Can API)
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
IMS Common Cartridge (IMS CC)
Launched in 2008 by IMS
Open format for the distribution of rich web-based content
Organizes and describes a learning object based on two levelsof interoperability:
contentcommunication
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
IMS Common Cartridge (IMS CC)
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Content Aggregation Specifications
Aggregation Standards comparision
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Ensemble Framework
Architecture
a network of e-Learning systems participating inteaching-learning process in complex domains.
Composed by the following systems and tools:
Learning Objects Repository - to store/retrieve exercisesEvaluation Engine - to evaluate students exercisesLearning Management System - to present exercisesIntegrated Development Environment - to code the exercises
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Ensemble Framework
Data Model
Formalize programming exercises as learning objects.
IMS CC was the selected specification
the support to represent an entire course with different levelsof authorization (e.g. administrators, teachers, students)the massive support for systems interoperability using the freshLTI specification
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Ensemble Framework
GUI
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Ensemble Framework
Experiment
Conducted at ESEIG - Polytechnic Institute of Porto
First-year Mechanical Engineering students
Algorithms and Programming course
Two classes:
Experimental group - use EnsembleControl group - use traditional approach
Experiment occurred in 6 lab sessions
In each session students had 3 exercises to solve
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Ensemble Framework
Experiment
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Conclusions
This study is part of an effort to choose the most suitablespecifications and standards for an e-learning framework calledEnsemble
It gathers information on e-learning content aggregation mostprominent specifications (e.g., IMS CP, SCORM, XAPI andIMS CC)
We concluded that the most suitable specification for theEnsemble framework is IMS CC specification. Main reasons:
the support to represent an entire course with different levelsof authorization (e.g. administrators, teachers, students)the massive support for systems interoperability using the freshLTI specification
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards
Questions
Thanks very much!Questions?
http://www.eseig.ipp.pt/docentes/raq
Ricardo Queiros and Jose Paulo Leal A Survey of E-learning Content Aggregation Standards