AStudyonPoP LevelMapping

OutlineqNetworkMapping

qEvaluationofInternet

qThereasonsforMappingInternet

qInternetMappingLevels

qRelatedWorks

qConclusion

NetworkMapping

ARPANET1969

ARPANET1973.Bytheendof1973therewere37sitesontheARPANET

1974.InJune,1974,therewere62computersconnectedtotheARPANET.

1977.InMarch,1977,therewere111computersontheARPANET.

INTERNETConnectivity

InternetServiceProvidersq ISPsareorganizationsthatprovideservicesforaccessingandusingtheInternet.

qBusinessrelationshipsbetweenISPs.

qISPtopologiesareprivateinformation.

qMinimalpublicinformationwhichattractsresearcherstoworkontopologies.

WhytoMapINTERNETqThebigpictureofInternetisverycrucialtomakeimprovements.

qMappingInternetletsresearcherstoworkonrealdata.

qDevelopingoptimalroutingalgorithms,testingoninternetmodelscreatedbasedonInternettopologies.

q Errordetectionanalysis,reliabilityanalysisresultsdevelopmentonperformance,security.

InternetMappingLevelsqThelowestlevelisIPlevelmappinganditcontainsalldevicesconnectedtothenetwork.

qHeavydatawhichishardtoscaleandanalyze.

qOnelevelaboveIPlevelisrouterlevelmapping.

qItcombinesthemultipleIPinterfacestoarouter.Itstillcreatesaheavydatatohandle.

InternetMappingLevelsqThehighestlevelofmappingisASlevelmapping whichisusedforanalyzingthebigpictureofnetwork.InternetmapisgenerallydrawnbyusingASlevelmappingwhichiseasiertohandle.IncomparisontoIPlevelandrouterlevelmapping,ASlevelmappinglosessizeinformationofASsincebothalargeASandasmallASarerepresentedasasinglenode.

InternetMappingLevelsqPoP levelisbetweenASlevelandrouterlevel.PoP containsagroupofserviceproviderrouterswhichgenerallylocatedatthesamephysicallocation.PoP levelmappinggivesabetterdatatohandlethanrouterlevelmappingforbignetworkanalysis.

RelatedWorksqMeasuringISPTopologiesWithRocketfuel;NeilSpring,RatulMahajan,DavidWetherall,andThomasAnderson;2004

qiPlane:AnInformationPlaneforDistributedServices;HarshaV.Madhyastha,TomasIsdal,MichaelPiatek,ColinDixon,ThomasAnderson,ArvindKrishnamurthy,ArunVenkataramani;2006

qDIMES:LettheInternetMeasureItself;YuvalShavitt, EranShir;2005

RocketfuelqThefirststudyonPoP levelmapping.

qPrimarytoolfordeterminingtheInternettopologyistraceroute.

qTheirtechniqueforPoP levelmappingisbasedonDNSnameresolution.ByusingtheDNSnamestheyseparatedtheroutersinInternetServiceProvidernamesandcities.Theycanalsoseparatethebackboneroutersandaccessrouters.

qs1-bb11-nyc-3.0.sprintlink.net isreferringtoaSprintbackbonerouterinNewYorkCity.

qForthecaseswithnoDNSnameandthelocationinformation,theyusedtheneighborrouterinformationtodistinguishthem.

iPlaneqPrimarytoolfordeterminingtheInternettopologyistraceroute.

qTheiPlane projectisalsoprovidingPoP levelmappingthatcameupwithsomeimprovementstotheRocketfuel project.ThemaindifferencetheyhaveisthinkingthatDNSnameresolutionisnotenoughtodistinguishrouters.BecausesomeinterfaceshavenoDNSnames,andsomemightbemisnamedandthatwouldcausemisleadinglocationstobeconcluded.

qiPlane estimatesthenumberofhopsonthereversepathbackfromaroutertoavantagepoint.TheassumptionisthatroutersinthesameASandgeographicallyco-locatedtakethesamereversepathbacktothevantagepointfromwhichtheywereprobed,whileroutersthatarenotco-locatedwillnotdisplaysimilarreversepath.

DIMESqDistributedInternetMeasurementsandSimulations(DIMES)

qDoesn’tuseDNSnames.

qDIMES’mapstakeanapproachbasedongeolocationdatabases:itusesthegeographiclocationofeachoftheIPsincludedinaPoP,asdenotedbyatleastthreegeolocationdatabasesandtakethemedianlocation.

qThealgorithmstartsbyidentifyingandmarkingthePoPs whoselocationiscertain.ItthendiscoversPoPs thatarelocatedinthesameplaceasthemarkedPoPs,basedonthePoP-levellinkdelay.Following,itattemptstofindtheoptimallocationofnon-markedPoPs basedontheratioofPoP-linkdelaytoPoP distancefrommarkedPoPs.ThealgorithmiteratesandtriestoimprovethelocationofunmarkedPoPs usingthelocationofnewlymarkedPoPs.

ConclusionqInternetmappingisanimportanttoolforanalysistoincreaseperformance,security,reliabilityofInternet.

qPoP levelmappingisbetterforlargerouterdatasetstoworkonnetworktopologies.

qApplicationofPoP levelmappingisaimedasaresultofthisproject.

References[1]NetworkMapping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_mapping

[2]AutonomousSystems(AS)Topology;BradleyHuffaker,CAIDA,WIND

16,March2016

[3]InternetPoPLevelMaps;YuvalShavittandNoaZilberman,Schoolof

ElectricalEngineering,Tel-AvivUniversity,Israel

[4]MeasuringISPTopologiesWithRocketfuel;NeilSpring,RatulMahajan,

DavidWetherall,andThomasAnderson

References[5]HarshaMadhyastha,”iPlane:AnInformationPlaneforDistributedServices”;

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,Universityof

Washington

[6]YuvalShavitt,EranShir,”DIMES:LettheInternetMeasureItself”

[7]HakanKardes,MehmetGunes,TalhaOz,”Cheleby:ASubnet-level

InternetTopologyMappingSystem”

[8]YuvalShavitt,NoaZilberman,”AStudyofGeolocationDatabases”

[9]Geolocation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolocation

Thankyou!