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Contact: Markus Hertelmhertel@bifa.de

A Start: Household Waste Analysis for RegensburgSearch for Organic and other Valuable Substances

A little less than 20 years ago, the city of Regensburg performed its last household waste sorting analysis and used it to design waste-related eco-nomic measures. The city is looking for adapted logging methods in re-sponse to the new German Closed Cy-cle and Waste Management Act and the obligation to account for biolo-gical waste and other valuable sub-stances separately.

In two analytical campaigns, one in late summer and one in winter, the city must determine the waste con-tent discarded in differently struc-tured residential areas. Based on the

results of these analyses, bifa will then investigate the adapted com-pilation according to ecological and business principles and determine the bring-and-collect systems as well as the waste management costs. State-ments about bio-waste processing possibilities and the discussed compi-lation systems for one recycling (yel-low) bin for example are given, too.

As early as the fi rst sorting analy-sis campaign in September 2015, the Bayerische Rundfunk (Bavarian Ra-dio station) broadcasted an inter-view about the project with Profes-sor Wolfgang Rommel in the evening

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We expect to present results to the political decision makers in the se-cond quarter of 2016.

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Energy Work Group: Heat for the Municipality Baarbifa calculates the technical and economic feasibility of various supply options

p. 2

Does Insulation Save Money?Effects of Energy Modernisation Shown for an Urban Residential Area in Ulm

p. 3

Energy Supply for the German Science City of UlmAnalysis of the Supply Situation and Search for Alternative Concepts

bifa analysed a large number of data to defi ne the boundary requirements for the heat supply in the region “Obe-rer Eselsberg”. Based on this defi nition, bifa suggested suitable power supply aggregates. In the process, we searched throughout Germany to analyse energy prices. With the discovered suitable po-wer plants in mind, we developed possi-ble supply variations. In a study, we particularly compa-red the heat production costs and the greenhouse gas emissions of the vario-us district heating supply versions. We performed a multi-criteria analysis in order to obtain a complete evaluation, which includes site factors and so-cal-led soft factors (such as supply security or technology image).

It turned out that the region “Obere Eselsberg” presents a special situation, which is unlike any other power supply situation: >>

25 years ago, offi cials in the Univer-sity City Ulm decided to give sciences and technologies a boost in Ulm. With support provided by the State of Ba-den-Württemberg, a fl agship project arose in the science city in the region of ‚Oberer Eselsberg‘. Aside from the Universitätsklinik and the Bundes-wehr Hospital (Hospital of the German Federal Armed Forces), the science city Ulm features the university, the Daim-ler Research Centre, Science Parks I and II as well as the ‚Annex Institutes‘, which are supported jointly by the State and industry.

In this autumn issue, we will introduce to you projects relating to energy, waste, and climate adaptation. Within this framework, bifa analysed and evaluated the electrical power supplies of the German city of Ulm and the German municipality of Baar and mapped out their potentials. In another pro-ject, we will address the effects of energy modernisation and how the population feels about the modernisation. We used socio-sci-entifi c methods to develop practical climate adaptation measures for the German city of

Nuremberg and the Lake Tegernsee region. In another project household waste is sorted manually in Regensburg and analysed by bifa engineers. The project results will serve as basis for further political waste management decisions. On the 14th and 15th of October, you will fi nd us in our booth during the Kommunale in Nuremberg (trade fair for municipalities). Please come and see us there!

Dear Readers, Dear Partners and Customers of bifa,

Ihr Wolfgang Rommel

A Start: Household Waste Analysis for RegensburgSearch for Organic and other Valuable Substances

p. 4

Please come and see us there!

3.2015

Event

Climate protection and the adaptation to the changing climate are among the largest challenges for society. In Bava-ria, this affects two tightly interwoven sectors, the tourism industry and the traffi c sector. For these sectors, the bifa Environmental Institute and the LMU Munich joined with more than 50 stakeholders residing in the city of Nu-remberg and the Lake Tegernsee Valley. Jointly, they developed actionable cli-mate adaptation measures and intro-duced them to the public.

Climate protection and the adaptation to the changing climate are among the largest challenges for society. In Bava-ria, this affects two tightly interwoven sectors, the tourism industry and the traffi c sector. For these sectors, the bifa Environmen-tal Institute and the LMU Munich joined with more than 50 stakehol-ders residing in the city of Nurem-berg and the Lake Tegernsee Valley. Jointly, they deve-loped actionable climate adaptation

measures and introduced them to the public.

More than 50 participants came to this event in Gmund to learn about the results of two years of research. On behalf of the German Federal Environ-mental Ministry, we not only analysed climate change consequences but also suggested concrete measures to deal with the changes.

We advanced two projects for the Lake Tegernsee Valley. In the feed ‚Always a Suitable Idea‘, appear up-to-date digital offers for tourists for every weather, every age, and every interest. These offers include travel plans, which are as climate-neutral as possible. It is the objective of the mo-

bility project ‚Fahr M.i.T.‘ (= mobile in the valley) to close the fi rst or the last link in a mobility chain to the vacation spot or home from a transportation stop respectively.

Flagship Project: Closing Event at Lake Tegernsee‚Mobility and Tourism in Times of Climate Change‘ with Nuremberg and the Lake Tegernsee Valley Serving

The German State of Baden-Württem-berg asked bifa to carry out a study de-scribing the energy supply situation in the science city of Ulm. In the run-up to making investment decisions, the State needed an analysis of the existing situ-ation and comparisons with alternative solutions.

Ansprechpartner: Dr. Michael Schneidermschneider@bifa.de

Einblick: Regionaler Wärme-verbund am Beispiel des Wirt-schaftsraums Ulm und Neu-Ulm

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Einblick: Energiegerechte Sanierung - Anspruch und Wirklichkeit Ergebnisse eines Experten-Workshops

Einblick: Eigenverwertung von Bio- und Gartenabfällen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen

4

aktuellFurthermore in this issue:

[in German only]

www.bifa.de

We used the time-tested multi-criteria analysis for the advanced evaluation of various supply versions. Aside from just comparing the numbers associated with heat production costs and green-house gas emissions, the multi-criteria analysis considers a multitude of other decision- making factors. Using valua-tion points and weighting leads to an overall evaluation. In the process, we are able to perform two extreme eva-luations side by side. In one extreme, ecological considerations trump eco-nomic ones while the other extreme puts economic evaluation factors first. This clearly shows the tension created by entering different considerations. There is the search for economically optimised solutions with considerati-on of applicable subsidies such as the EEC exemption from cost sharing etc.,

• High temperatures in the po-wer grid

• High power and heat demand in a re-latively small area• Supply of process heat• Fail-sensitive heat and cooling users such as hospitals and research insti-tutes in need of keeping processes sta-ble and the energy supply fail-safe• Partial use of heat to fuel a cooling grid• The supplier of communal heat and the supply grid operator for the region “Oberer Eselsberg /TVZ is the local heat supplier• Heat supplier and operator of the State-owned grid on the Oberer Esels-berg is the University of Ulm• The communal heat supplier (Plant Park) decided on an ecological supply mix (low primary energy factor)

i.e. subsidies shouldered by the econo-my. On the other side, the State‘s goals weigh in with preferences for climate protection, renewable energy, the ad-dition of combined heat power (CHP) plants and a power generation park in downtown Ulm with very favourable ecology.

The multi-criteria analysis provided the State of Baden-Württemberg with a decision-making instrument, which allowed the integration of all frame-work requirements according to their significance.

>>

Contact: Markus Hertelmhertel@bifa.de

2 3

Does Insulation Save Money?Effects of Energy Modernisation Shown for an Urban Residential Area in Ulm

Aside from the use of renewable energy, the energy modernisation of buildings is the centrepiece of the energy turna-round and national climate protection policies. For several years now, an inten-se debate is taking place in the media about the consequences of energy reno-vations in buildings. The German Federal Ministry for Research commissioned bifa and the LMU Munich to study more than 50 households in Ulm before and after energy renovation.

The data for households in Ulm show considerable differences in energy usage, dependent on the location and size of the living space, the number of household members, and the heating requirements of the residents. Further-more, discrepancies exist between the calculated heat requirements and the actually used energy. Commonly used renovation concepts calculate the en-ergy demand before the renovation

based on a defined ‚standard user‘ who heats all rooms to a certain tempera-ture (usually 19 °C). On average, the actually used energy in the form of heat is 30 % lower than the calculated demand. This makes it impossible to achieve the expected savings. People cannot save what they do not use.

This has various consequences for households. If residents spend a large portion of their budget for heating costs, they will pay less after the re-novation. The same does not apply for households spending a small amount of their budget on heating costs. They will pay more after the renovation. For the latter group, a fixed expense in the form of increased rent replaces variable heating costs. These findings suggest giving more emphasis to ac-tual usage values when estimating the amortisation, CO2 decrease, and so-cial consequences. Sometimes, it may

Contact: Dr. Michael Schneidermschneider@bifa.de

therefore be sensible to spend little on innovation investments to achieve large energy savings while providing affordable living space where users are in fact able to save energy by adapting their behaviour.

set by the network participants themselves.

A collaboration between bifa and the Energie- und Umweltzentrum Allgäu (eza! – Energy and Environmental Centre Allgäu) combines the exten-sive experiences of both institutions and pairs existing knowledge with the practical expertise of the Lechwerke AG. In a joint action, all three offer to initiate the construction and im-plementation of energy-efficient gri-ds for municipalities. In the process, the collaborating partners manage and technically administer and mo-derate the grid for the area around the Lechwerke AG. Energy-efficient grids offer interested municipalities a platform for the regular exchange of expertise in matters of saving energy as well as information and presenta-tions on increasing the energy effi-ciency of enterprises. During walking tours through public facilities, the

participants see how other munici-palities deal with energy topics. The participants will network with each other and learn from the experiences of others. The grid meetings will take place every three months and cater to the needs of the participants. If re-quired, external experts will join the-se meetings. The regular exchange of experiences will reveal potential op-portunities to save energy. Once im-plemented measures result in energy savings in one community they can be implemented in other municipalities as well.

The energy concept of September 2010 sets ambitious energy efficiency tar-gets for the German Federal Govern-ment. To achieve these challenging energy efficiency goals government policies promote the recruitment of municipalities for the establishment of energy-efficient grids and professio-nally managed network collaborations over several years.

About 12,000 German municipali-ties and administrative districts use two thirds of the public sector en-ergy. Therefore, these regions offer great opportunities to save energy. Communities may cooperate in a joint support programme to disco-ver and realise ways to save energy with the support of a network team. Grid and energy experts will initiate these energy-efficient grids, iden-tify suitable measures to kerb the energy use, and support the imple-mentation of energy-saving goals

Energy-efficient Grids for Municipalitiesbifa und eza! collaborate with the Lechwerke AG

Contact: Markus Hertelmhertel@bifa.de

Energy Work Group: Heat for the Municipality Baarbifa calculates the technical and economic feasibility of various supply options

Germans use more than 50 % of all en-ergy as heat; the remainder consists of electricity and fuel. Private households use as much as 90 % of their energy consumption to heat their homes and water. This makes heat the most im-portant form of energy in Germany; the impact of heat consumption on environmental protection and the cli-mate can hardly be overestimated.

In August of 2014 as part of the BMBF project [BMBF – German Federal Mini-stry for Education and Research] ‚Lo-kale Passung‘ (local fit), researchers conducted a survey about the ener-gy turnaround among the citizens of the German municipality of Baar. The questions addressed the future power supply in general and local solutions in particular (especially with reference to the call for a wind park). The intervie-wer also included comprehensive que-stions about the supply of heat.

This anonymised survey revealed that the citizens of this community use mo-stly oil, wood, and gas to produce heat. By comparison, solar power and heat pumps play a minor role. The analyses of the survey results pertaining to the buildings (age and maintenance of the

houses) and the heating systems (age and used fuel) already showed great potential for communal heat supply solutions.

Since January 2015, the local ‚Ener-gy Work Group‘ had thoroughly dis-cussed the future heat supply for the buildings. Skilful support for the work group came from LMU experts [LMU – Ludwig Maximilian University Mu-nich] and the bifa. The support was part of the framework project ‚Local Fit‘. In three sessions over six months, the participants found answers to the following questions: How can the mu-nicipality Baar be supplied with heat in the future? What kind of solutions will work in the municipality? What poten-tial is there for on-site heating? What supply solutions are technically feasi-ble? What solutions make ecological sense and are financially attractive?

Several approaches were subject to sc-rutiny in the search for future heat and energy sources. Aside from known solu-tions such as biomass boilers or block-type thermal power stations for the si-multaneous generation of electricity and heat, citizens also considered the use of waste heat from the local brewery.

Based on these preparations, bifa per-formed comprehensive calculations to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various supply options for West and East Baar and in a planned new residential area. The participants then jointly evaluated the results. In a public event on the 16th of No-vember 2015, the Energy Work Group presented the central results to about 60 interested citizens of Baar. Mayor Norbert Beutmüller from the village of Buttenwiesen supported the event by reporting his experience with local heat supplies in his village.

In a survey, we will now ask mem-bers of households in the western and eastern regions for their opinion on community heating, whether they are interested in being connected to com-munity heating and their actual heat use. After evaluation of all survey re-sults and combining the new results with already existing information, the municipal council of Baar will have the necessary data to decide on the local heating issue.

Contact: Dr. Michael Schneidermschneider@bifa.de

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