a sociolinguistics study of english borrowings used...
TRANSCRIPT
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
PUBLICATION ARTICLES
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
YULI TAMTOMO
A320070202
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ACCEPTANCE
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
PUBLICATION ARTICLES
Written by
YULI TAMTOMO
A320070202
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Schools of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. Maryadi, MA (…………………...)
(First Consultant)
2. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D (……………………)
(Second Consultant)
A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS
USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY,
2011 EDITION
Yuli Tamtomo
A 320070202
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
ABSTRACT
This descriptive qualitative research paper is aim to describe and
elaborate the kinds and ways of English borrowing used in Panjebar Semangat
magazine on January, 2011 edition. The data of this research are words, phrases,
noun phrases and sentences containing the English borrowing in Panjebar
Semangat magazine. There are four magazine in each month because the
magazine is published every weeks on Saturday. The magazine has 29 rubrics
consist of 54 pages. In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation
method. The researcher uses Haugen’s theory (Katamba, 2007: 192) in analyzing
the kinds of borrowing, and Katamba (1997: 191) in analyzing the ways of
borrowings. The result of this research paper are three points, they are; (1) two
kinds of English borrowings used in Panjebar Semangat magazine; they are
loanword and loan shift, and (2) two ways of English borrowings; they are direct
and indirect borrowings, and (3) kinds of sound replacing of English borrowings.
There are some reason why Panjebar Semangat magazine must borrows English
words. Wardraugh (2000: 37) stated, two factor that have been frequently
mentioned are “need” and ”prestige”. By borrowings, Panjebar Semangat can
uses many vocabularies to express something that was not found in Javanese.
Borrowings can fill gaps in the lexicon, and borrows foreign language also show
they have high quality in language. There is inconsistency in borrows English
word into magazine because there is no formal standardization such as
Indonesian rule (EYD) in Javanese.
Keywords: borrowings, loanword, loan shift, panjebar semangat
A. INTRODUCTION
This research paper presents a description and analysis of the processes of
borrowings in Panjebar Semangat magazine, a Javanese magazine that is
still published and existed in this modern era. One of the interesting things
from the magazine is, many English words, phrases and sentences that used in
every edition. By borrowings, Panjebar Semangat can use many
vocabularies to express something that was not found in Javanese.
Languages borrow from other to describe objects or strange things which
cannot be done by them. Through borrowings, they can fill gaps in the
lexicon, or introduce finer distinction of meaning which is not available in
native language. For example, Indonesian does not clearly differentiate
related nouns and adjectives by morphological means, as English does.
Hence it creates noun-adjective pairs based on English words such as doctor
versus doctoral, and norma versus normal (Moeliono in Wardraugh: 38)
Furthermore, Katamba (1997: 191) state that a language can add to the
number of words in its lexicon by borrowings vocabulary from other
language. For example English has borrowed so extensively from other
languages that the English lexicon is like a large mosaic. So do the other
language also needs to borrow words from other to enrich lexicon.
Borrowings phenomena are unavoidable in languages.
Wardraugh (2000: 37) stated that the motivation for and extend of lexical
borrowings depend on a range of social factors that vary from one contact
situation to another. Two factors that have been frequently mentioned are
“need” and “prestige”. Most of the borrowings are associated with the
“distance” contact seem to be motivated by “the need to designate the things,
persons, places, and concepts”
Borrowings phenomena not only occur in English or Indonesian language,
but also in every language in the world. As in Javanese language, borrowings
is not only found in lexicon form, but also in phrase and sentences. Even the
use of borrowings in all sentences occur in our environment to show speaker
ability (Javanese) in foreign language. In this case, prestige is one of the
reasons to show that the speakers have high quality in language or they come
from higher social class. As Bloomfield (in Wardraugh, 1997: 39) noted,
borrowings is usually from a more prestigious into a socially subordinate
language. Speaker may find it more sophisticated to borrow from the
prestigious or higher level language.
“Panjebar Semangat” magazine is weekly magazine that is published
four times a month. Each month has four editions and published every
Saturday. It is one of the Javanese language magazines that is still published
and exists in this global area. Based on kinds of magazines, the readers maybe
old generation. Even tough there are some rubrics for young, such as
“Glanggang remaja” that provides some articles about newest technology and
short young story.
B. RESEARCH METHOD
This study is a descriptive qualitative research, because the writer
purposes to describe, analyse and elaborate English borrowing words uses in
Panjebar Semangat magazine. There are over 400 English words uses in
magazine that consist of four item each month. English borrowings words are
mostly used in IT rubrics that provide many information about science and
technology.
The data are in the form of word, phrase and sentences uses in
Panjebar Semangat magazine, January 2011 edition. There are several steps
are used for collecting the data are as follows: the writer subscribe the new
edition of magazine, and reading all of the rubric. Beside that, the writer give
circle sign to the word, phrase or sentences that contains English words. After
finding English word, the researcher write and collect English word into
computer and analyze it. The writer spent three month for searching and
analyzing the English word uses in Panjebar Semangat magazine.
The writer analyze and elaborate English word based on Katamba‟s
theory. Based on Katamba, there are two ways of borrowing; direct and
indirect borrowing and two kinds of borrowings; loanword and loan shift.
Panjebar Semangat must borrows English word to fill gaps and to explain
something that was not found in Javanese. Beside that, the writer also analyze
kinds of sound replacing of English borrowings word from English into
Javanese.
C. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This subchapter discusses the writer‟s analysis of the result and
discussion. From the research of the descriptive text composition, the result
of the analysis is as follows:
1. Kinds of Borrowings
a. Loanword
(1) Museum (17/2/Jan/N)
Ngelingi tumrap masyarakat Indonesia museum during dadi
barang mirunggan kaya ing mancanegara.
Based on sentence above, Javanese uses museum to say a building
in which objects of artistic, historical or scientific interest are
displayed. In this case, museum is not Javanese words. Javanese
borrows museum into museum without any change or modification.
Javanese has no other words to say a “particular building in which
objects of artistic, historical or scientific interest are displayed”. The
using of bangunan khusus kanggo nyimpen barang-barang kuno,
kebak sejarah lan barang antic liyane are impossible and
ineffectively. Museum has means gedung yang digunakan sebagai
tempat untuk pameran tetap benda-benda yg patut mendapat
perhatian umum, seperti peninggalan sejarah, seni, dan ilmu; tempat
menyimpan barang kuno (kbbi V 1.3)
(2) Data (15/1/Jan/N)
“Ing kalodhangan iki Tonny kandha yen pehake tansah golek
investor”.
Investor [in‟vestər] is not available in source language (Javanese).
Investor (English) > Investor (Javanese), is direct borrowing
because Javanese borrows it from English without any change or
modification word form.
Investor is come from invest, as a verb. But it changes into investor
as a noun in Indonesia spelling. Investor means a person or
organization that invest money (Oxford: 629). Investor also means
penanam uang (Echols: 330).
Beside that, Investor means penanam uang atau modal; orang yg
menanamkan uangnya dl usaha dng tujuan mendapatkan keuntungan
(KBBI v 1.3).
b. Loan shift
(1) Data (3/1/Jan/Adj)
“Ensiklopedia wayang Indonesia I-VI” (th 1999) kang dakanggep
komplit, katambahan saka “ensiklopedi wayang purwa” (th 1999) lan
“Mengenal Tokoh Wayang Mahabarata.”
Ensiklopedia is borrowed from encyclopedia [In,saikləpi:diə].
Encyclopedia has means a book or a set of books giving information about
every branch of knowledge, or about one particular subject (Oxford: 380).
Encyclopedia also has means buku (atau serangkaian buku) yang
menghimpun keterangan atau uraian tentang berbagai hal dl bidang seni
dan ilmu pengetahuan, yang disusun menurut abjad atau menurut
lingkungan ilmu (kbbi V 1.3).
Ensiklopedia was borrowed by modifying form of word and
adapting into Javanese spelling. Javanese borrows it by changing
consonant –y into –i, and changing consonant –c into –k.
(2) Data (5/2/Jan/N)
“Presidhen Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dalah Gubernur DI
Jogyakarta Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X wis ngandhani sapatemon
mirunggan sapanemu ngrembug bencening panemu ngenani Rancangan
Undang-Undang (RUU) keistimewaan Jogjakarta”
Presidhen is come from president [„prezIdənt]. Javanese borrows
it by changing and modifying of consonant and pronunciation. Presidhen
is a loan shift because Javanese borrows it with the same meaning but
different form. Javanese language borrows it by deleting consonant –t and
inserting consonant –h.
President means the head of state or the head of a bank or a
business firm (Oxford: 913). It also means kepala negara (bagi negara yg
berbentuk republik (KBBI V1.3) In Javanese, presiden means presidhen,
kepala Negara (KBJ: 282)
2. Indirect Borrowings
(1) Data (4/1/Jan/N)
“Sebab kepriye2a kondhisi politik kita saiki iki wis maju banget
ing babagan strategi, nanging isih ketinggalan banget ing babagan etika
lan moral.”
Condition [kən‟diʆ n] is not available in source language
(Javanese). It is borrowed into Javanese became kondhisi with some
change and modification of consonant and pronunciation.
Kondhisi is belong to indirect borrowing because it borrowed from
English > Indonesian > Javanese (Condition > kondisi>Kondhisi).
Kondhisi, is borrowed by modifying the spelling which change the
consonant c into k. Beside that, from Indonesia into Javanese there is a
change form of consonant d became –dh, and suffix –ion pronounce as -si.
Condition means a state of health or being physically fit or a thing
that is necessary to make something else possible (Oxford: 239).
Condition also means kondisi, keadaan (Echols: 136)
(2) Data (3/1/Ja n/Adj)
“Ide kreatip saka kanca kita komunitas vespa, dheweke gawe
jizpan ing kendharaane kang di kandhaake becak ambulan.”
Creative [kri‟eItiv] is not available in source language (Javanese).
It is borrowed into Javanese became kreatip with some change and
modification of consonant and pronunciation. Kreatip is belong to
indirect borrowing because it borrowed from English > Indonesian >
Javanese (Creative > kreatif>kreatip).
Kreatip, is borrowed by modifying the spelling which change the
consonant c into k, and suffix –ive pronounce as -ip. Creative means able
to create things, usually in an imaginative way (Oxford: 273). Creative
also means memiliki daya cipta (Echols: 154)
3. Kinds of Sound Replacing English Borrowing
a. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from double consonant
into one consonant
boss bos
appreciate apresiasi
The word boss, appreciate, and collect in English text is translated
into the word bos, apresiasi, and koleksi in Javanese. The meaning of
those words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by
changing double consonant into one consonant. It has been acceptable by
the Javanese readers.
1. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant c into k
calendar kalender
public publik
The word calendar, career, and public, translated into the word
kalender, publik, and karir in Javanese text. The meaning of those words
are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing the
consonant –cinto-k. But it has the same sound/k/. The same case also
happened in the word computer, icon become komputer, ikon etc.
2. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant –y of the
sound /i/ into vowel –i
privacy privasi
type tipe
The word privacy, type, and strategy translated into the word privasi,
tipe, and strategi in Javanese text. The meaning of those words are
similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing the
consonant –y into-i. But it has the same sound/i/. The same case also
happened in the word industry, economy become industri, ekonomi etc. It
has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
3. Kinds of sound replacing english borrowing from suffix –ent/ant into –
en/an
argument argumen
dominant dominan
The word argument, dominant, and incident translated into the word
argumen, dominan, and insidenin Javanese text. The meaning of those
words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by
changing suffix –ent/-antinto-en/-an . The same case also happened in the
word event, president become even, presiden etc. It has been acceptable
by the Javanese readers.
4. Kinds of sound replacing English borrowing from consonant combining
v/ve into consonant -f
active aktif
creative kreatif
The word active, creative, and negative translated into the word aktif,
kreatif, and negatifin Javanese text. The meaning of those words are
similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by changing suffix -
v/-veinto -f. The same case also happened in the word fictive become fiktif.
It has been acceptable by the Javanese readers.
5. Kinds of sound replacing english borrowing from suffix (t)ion into suffix -
asi/si
composition komposisi
condition kondhisi
The word composition, condition, modification translated into the word
komposisi, kondhisi, modifikasiin Javanese text. The meaning of those
words are similar. In this case, the translator translated the word by
changing suffix-(t)ioninto-asi/si. The same case also happened in the word
organization become organisasi. It has been acceptable by the Javanese
readers.
D. CONCLUSION
Based on the finding in the analysis, some conclusions can be withdraws
as Follow :
1. The lexical terms used in the Javanese consist of the loan words
(pure borrowing), loan shift, direct borrowing and indirect borrowing.
2. Javanese words (result of borrowing) are generally assimilated with
English or Indonesia, and some are new to the Javanese speakers.
3. There are two reason why borrow language; the prestige motive and the
need filling to enrich Javanese lexicon.
4. Mostly, there are two procedures that use to borrow from English into
Javanese. they are (a) by applying the intentional modification of spelling
and/or pronunciation(such as: changing the vowels, consonant, or suffix)
which that acceptable to the Javanese culture. (b) Applying borrowing
without intentionally modification. This kind of translation is pure
borrowing. In this case, the translation takes over fully borrowed word
from the English without any change.
5. An English vowel and consonant can be replaced by various vowel and
consonant when it borrowed in Javanese language. for example; c became
k(creative-kreatif), t became s(initial-inisial), and au became o (automatic-
otomatis) and etc.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Aminudin, Drs.1990.Pengembangan Metode Penelitian Kualitati.Malang.
Yayasan Asih Asuh.
Julca, Felix. 2009. Word Borrowings and Code Switching in Ancash Waynu
Songs. University of Texas at Austin
Handayani, Dian.2004. A Descriptive analysis of English borrowings in the
Javanese language used in Panjebar Semangat Magazine”.Unpublished
S1 research paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Kartikasari, Pratiwi. 2011.A Study of English Borrowed Words Used In Hidayah
Magazine. Muhammadiyah University Press. Surakarta.
Katamba, Francis.1997. English Word. Routledge. London
Martinet, Andrew. 1970. Language in Contact. The Hague. Paris
Mindaryani, Yustri.2005.A Study on the English Borrowinss Used in the general
election term in Kompas.Unpublished.Surakarta.Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta.
Novita Srikandi, Cut.2010.Borrowings In The Translation Of D. H. Lawrence‟s
Lady Chatterley‟s Lover Into Indonesian. University of north Sumatra
faculty of letters English department medan. North Sumatra.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.2005.Oxford University Press.
Purwadi, Drs.2006.Kamus Jawa-Indonesia, Indonesia-Jawa. Bina Media.
Yogyakarta.
Rahayuningdyah, Sri.2008. A study of English borrowings words in Indonesia
language in annida magazine. Muhammadiyah University Press. Surakarta.
Romaine, Suzanne.1989. Bilingualism. Basil Blackwell. Oxford, England
Trudgil, petter.2002. Sociolinguistics variation and change. British. Eddinburg
University press
Wahyuningsih, Leni. 2011.A Description of Study on Teaching Learning
interaction in Speaking at tha First Year of SMPN 2 Sukoharjo 2010/2011.
Muhammadiyah University Press. Surakarta.
Wardraugh, Ronald.2000. An Introduction to sociolinguistics. Blackwell.
Massachusetts, USA
SURAT PERSETUJUAN
Yang bertanda tangan ini pembimbing/ skripsi/tugas akhir :
Nama : : Drs. Maryadi, MA
NIP/NIK :
Nama : Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
NIP/NIK :
Telah membaca dan mencermati naskah artikel publikasi ilmiah, yang merupakan
ringkasan skripsi/tugas akhir dari mahasiswa:
Nama : Yuli Tamtomo
NIM : A 320 070 202
Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Judul Skripsi : A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH
BORROWINGS USED IN PANJEBAR
SEMANGAT MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 2011
EDITION
Naskah artikel tersebut, layak dan dapat disetujui untuk dipublikasikan.
Demikian persetujuan dibuat, semoga dapat dipergunakan seperlunya.
Surakarta, 15 Mei 2013
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Drs. Maryadi, MA Drs. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
SURAT PERNYATAAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
Bismillahirrahmanirrohim
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, saya :
Nama : YULI TAMTOMO
NIM/NIK/NIP : A 320 070 202
Fakultas/Jurusan : KIP / BAHASA INGGRIS
Jenis : RESEARCH PAPER
Judul : A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY OF ENGLISH
BORROWINGS USED IN PANJEBAR SEMANGAT
MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 2011 EDITION
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa saya menyetujui untuk :
1. Memberikan hak bebas royalti kepada Perpustakaan UMS atas penulisan
karya ilmiah saya, demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan
2. Memberikan hak menyimpan, mengalih mediakan/mengalih formatkan,
mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), mendistribusikannya,
serta menampilkannya dalam bentuk softcopy untuk kepentingan akademis
kepada Perpustakaan UMS, tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya selama
tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta.
3. Bersedia dan menjamin untuk menanggung secara pribadi tanpa
melibatkan pihak Perpustakaan UMS, dari semua bentuk tuntutan hukum
yang timbul atas pelanggaran hak cipta dalam karya ilmiah ini.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya dan semoga dapat
digunakan sebagaimana semestinya
Surakarta, 15 Mei 2013
Yang Menyatakan
YULI TAMTOMO