a socio-economic survey at - biodiversity and nature ...€¦ · lampi island was officially...
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A Socio-Economic Survey at
Some Islands Adjacent to Lampi Marine National Park
Tint Tun and Aung Myint Oo Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA)
Biodiversity and Nature Conservation
Association (BANCA)
Europe Conservation Switzerland
(ECoSwiss)
May, 2008
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1
Introduction
Lampi Island is an island of Myeik Archipelago in southern Myanmar. The
island is also known as Kyunn Tann Shey. Lampi Island was officially designated
as Marine National Park on the 27th. February, 1996 and coral reefs, mouse deer
and Salone ethnic culture are key protection. Salone is an ethnic group of
Myanmar and they are also known as Moken or Sea Gypsies. Ma Kyone Galet
and War Kyuun are famous villages in that Park area. A preliminary socio-
economic interview survey was conducted at Nyaung Wee, Ma Kyone Galet, Ko
Phawt, Salat Galat and War Kyuun villages of Bok Pyin and Kawthoung
Townships from 17 to 27 March 2008.
MYANMAR
Figure 1. Map showing the Lampi Island.
Figure 2. Lampi Island.
Lampi Island Bok Pyin
Kawthoung
THAILANDBay of Bengal
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Figure 3. Map showing the location of Nyaung Wee village.
Figure 4. Nyaung Wee village.
1. Village - Nyaung Wee
2. Location - N 10º29.617', E 098º14.344'
3. Island - Nyaung Wee Island.
The village is situated near the south-east corner of
the island facing mainland and Aung Ba in the east.
4. House - 27 (made of bamboo, wood, thatch and corrugated
iron)
5. Household - 27
6. Population - 116
Male (55), Adult/Children (36/19)
Nyaung Wee Island
Nyaung Wee Village
Lampi Island
Bay of Bengal
Aung Ba vilage
Nyaung Wee Village
Kawthoung
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Female (61), Adult/Children (40/21)
7. Races -
Dawei, Rakhine, Kayin 51
8. Religion n 1
9. Business - sea cucumber) is the main
10. Government - been assigned temporarily as a
11. -
are linic at the village but a person who moved from
13. Fuel wood - de charcoals
14. Fresh water - nstructed at a stream about 1 miles
15. Transportation - gular passenger ferry to
16. Remarks -
Native Salone 65
(Other) Myanmar,
Buddhist 35, Nat 80 (1 Witch Doctor), Christia
No religious buildings.
Fishery (squid and
business. Motorized boats and Salone dug-out canoes
have been used in fishing. Three stores cum cafe are
also opened at the village. Sea cucumber fishermen
from Ayeyarwady delta area use the village as their
temporary station. Salone also goes squid fishing not
only in their village water but also in other areas. They
go to such area by trailing behind a motorized boat
(Figure 4 & 5). They must sell their squid to the boat
owner as the owner provide food and drink to them
during their fishing.
Nil. (a villager has
Agencies
School
village leader man)
Nil.
12. Health c - No C
other area has some health and medicine knowledge
and he takes care of the villagers. Some medicine can
be bought from the shops at the village.
Locally available woods and home-ma
are used as fuel.
A small dam is co
west away from the village. A villager sells water at
500 Kyats (about 0.5 US Dollars)/50-gallon barrel and
it is supplied by water pump.
Access only by boats. No re
and from other places. Ma Kyone Galet, Aung Ba and
Kawthoung are the most contact places for business.
Nyaung Wee is known as a Salon village. Income
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covers just their expenses. However, there is a
marine-product-purchasing depot and owner of the
depot has good income. He sells his goods in
Kawthoung occasionally. Villagers also collect sea
urchin eggs, rock oysters, sea shells and sand worms
for their food. They do not sell forest products. But, it
was learnt that some peoples from Aung Ba village
which is situated near main land in the east came and
fell trees with chain-saw for trading purpose.
Another temporary fishing camp is situated on the
south-west coast of the Island and it is more shelter
and busy than Nyaung Wee village with many various
kinds of artisinal fishing boats for overnight stop,
freshwater, refreshment, food and things.
Figure 5. Some seacucumbers being sun out at Nyaung Wee Island.
Figure 6. Heading towards a squid fishing ground.
Figure 7. Fishing boats anchored and stranded at the Nyang Wee Island temporary fishing
camp. They will go to Kawthoung when the tide floods again.
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Makyone Galet village
Bo Cho Island
Lampi Island
Aung Ba village
Ma Kyone Galet Village
Kawthoung
Bay of Bengal
Figure 8. Map showing the location of Ma Kyone Galet village.
Figure 9. Ma Kyone Galet village.
1. Village - Ma Kyone Galet
2. Location - N 10º41.001', E 098º15.539'
3. Island - Bo Cho Island.
The village is situated at the northern part of the island
in the passage between Lampi and Bo Cho islands
facing Lampi island in north.
4. House - 88 (made of bamboo, wood, thatch and corrugated
iron)
5. Household - 88
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(Salone 32, Myanmar 25, Salone/Myanmar 31)
6. Population - 295
Male (139), Adult/Children (80/59)
Female (156), Adult/Children (90/66)
7. Races - Native Salone 50%
(Other) Myanmar, Dawei, Rakhine and Kayin 50%
8. Religion Buddhist 294, Christian 1
Monastery 1, Pagoda 1
Salone also built Buddhist shrine at their home.
9. Business - Fishery (fish, squid, sea cucumber and crab) is the
main business. 43 motorized artisinal fishing boats
(individual owned 18, business men owned 25) and 35
Salone dug-out canoes have been used in fishing by
the village. A total of 15 grocery, stores and cafes are
also opened at the village. A workshop and a small
shipyard are also opened at the village. About 22 acre
horticulture farm planted some vegetables and fruits
(mango, cachew, coconut, betel nut, betel leaf,
banana, water crest etc.).
10. Government
Agencies
- Village Peace and Development Council Office (7
members)
Fire brigade 1 (7 members with no fire extinguishers
and fire fighting equipments)
11. School - Basic Education Post Primary School (1)
Staff and Students
Principal (1), Junior/Primary Assistant Teacher (2),
Local Appointed Teacher (1), Labour (1), Students
(112)
12. Health care - A state-run Sub Rural Health Centre is opened with a
certified nurse.
13. Fuel wood - Charcoal and Fuel wood are supplied mainly from
Aung Ba village.
14. Fresh water - Pump from some freshwater streams near the village
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to fill in 3 storage tanks of about 400 gallon capacity.
Then freshwater is supplied by gravity flow to the
boats and some houses. Owners sell at 500 Kyats/50-
gallon barrel.
15. Transportation - Access only by boats. Regular passenger ferry boat to
Aung Ba village. Kawthoung is the main contact place
for all businesses.
16. Remarks - Out of 126 under-18-years-old peoples, 112 attended
the school from 1st to 8th. Grades. Therefore, it can be
said that 89.6% of the children attend the school. New
school building is constructing.
Illegal logging extracted some timbers from the island
in the past but nowadays there is no illegal logging.
However, with an exception, some timbers have been
extracted from the island for local use.
Ma Kyone Galet is known as a Salone village and a
busiest village in that area with fishing boats from both
the village and other areas. Sea cucumber fishermen
from Ayeyarwady delta area and artisinal fishermen of
various fishing boats also use the village as their
temporary station for stopover, freshwater, food,
refreshment and things.
Figure 10. Main street of the Ma Kyone Galet village.
Figure 11. A passenger ferry boat (in set) to Aung Ba village is leaving Ma Kyone Galet
village. (Lampi Island can be seen at background)
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Ko Phawt Village
Lampi Island
Ko Phawt village Aung Ba village
Ko Phawt Island Kawthoung
Bay of Bengal
Figure 12. Map showing the location of Ko Phawt village.
Figure 13. Ko Phawt village.
1. Village - Ko Phawt
2. Location - N 10º51.721', E 098º11.639'
3. Island Ko Phawt Island.
The village is situated on the northern bank of tidal
passage between north and south islands.
4. House - 8 (made of bamboo, wood and thatch)
5. Household - 8
6. Population - 30
Male / Female (19/11)
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7. Races - Myanmar
8. Religion - Buddhist
9. Business - Fishery (fish, squid and sea cucumber) is the main
business. Hundreds of squid traps are deployed near
the island using six motorized boats. Fish purchasing
depot is opened by a man from Late Kyuun village
(near Aung Ba). Two private owned big wooden
motorized boats are used for transportation of their
goods to Kawthoung town and Aung Ba village. Two
cafes and one café cum store are opened at Ko Phawt
village. Sea cucumber fishermen from Ayeyarwady
delta area use the village as their temporarily station.
10. Government
Agencies
- Nil.
11. School - Nil.
12. Health care - Nil. Some medicine can be bought from the shops.
13. Fuel wood - Charcoal and locally available wood.
14. Fresh Water - Small freshwater stream on south island supplies
water to the village but hard to meet the demand in a
few summer months.
15. Transportation - Access only by boats. No ferry boat service. Ma
Kyone Galet and Aung Ba is the most contact places
for business. Kawthoung is the main business contact
town with the purchasing depot.
16. Remarks - Ko Phawt is temporary fishing camp village and they
closed their camp during the raining season. S
Figure 14. A fishing boat anchored at the tidal passage of Ko Phawt Island.
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Salet Galet Village
Lampi Island Salat Galet village
Aung Ba village
War Ale Island
Kawthoung
Bay of Bengal
Figure 15. Map showing the location of Salat Galet village.
Figure 16. Salet Galet village.
1. Village - Salet Galet
2. Location - N 10º52.644', E 098º05.053'
3. Island - War Ale Island.
The village is situated on the north coast of the Island
in a passage between the War Ale and Lampi Islands
facing Lampi Island in the north.
4. House - 9 (made of bamboo, wood and thatch)
5. Household - 9
6. Population - 39
Male 19, Adult/Children (12/7)
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Female 20, Adult/Children (12/8)
7. Races Myanmar
8. Religion Buddhist
9. Business Cafe shops and fishery (squid and sea cucumber) are
the main business. Small eight café shops are opened
at the village and they also sell other goods and
liquors. There is a purchasing depot at the village.
Small scale squid and sea Cucumber fishing have
been done by the villagers. Two small motorized boats
are used for transportation.
10. Government
Agencies
Nil.
11. School - Nil.
12. Health care Nil. Some medicine can be bought from the shops.
13. Fuel wood Wood and charcoal. Mainly come from Ma Kyone
Galet.
14. Fresh water A small dam was constructed at a small stream on the
facing Lampi Island about one mile away from the
village. Freshwater is available throughout the year.
However, it can supply just enough water during the
dry season.
15. Transportation Access only by boats. No passenger ferry service. Ma
Kyone Galet is the main contact.
16. Remarks All villagers at Salat Galet come from Makyone Galet
or Aung Ba villages or Palaw town (situated between
Dawei and Myeik towns) to run their shop, usually,
from November to beginning of raining season. The
owner of the fishery depot lives at the village
throughout the year. Many fishing vessels including
offshore fishing vessels from Myeik use Salat Galet for
freshwater, refreshment and taking refuge when bad
weather condition as it is very good sheltered place
and deep enough for any fishing boats.
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War Kyuun village
War Kyuun Island Lampi Island
Aung Ba
War Kyuun Village
Kawthoung
Bay of Bengal
Figure 17. Map showing the location of War Kyuun village.
Figure 18. War Kyuun village.
1. Village - War Kyuun
2. Location - N 10º54.722', E 098º14.919'
3. Island - War Kyuun Island.
The village is situated on the west bank of the Island
facing Lampi Island in the west.
4. House - 243 (mainly made of wood, brick and corrugated
iron).
5. Household - 27
6. Population - 1317
Male / Female (695 / 612)
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7. Races - Myanmar
8. Religion - Buddhist
Monastery 1, Pagoda 1.
9. Business - Fishery (Fish, Squid, Shrimp, Ice Factory, 50 Ton/Day
Ice Factory and Cold Storage, Fish Processing Plant)
run by a private company, Anawar Soe Co. Ltd. ) is
the main business. A fish meal factory is under
construction at adjacent islet. The company is trading
with both Myanmar and overseas companies. A super
market is opened at a concrete building by the
company and many shops are opened at the village.
10. Government
Agencies
- Local security troop has been set up at the village.
11. School - Basic Education Post Primary School
Principal (1), Junior Assistant Teacher (1), Primary
Assistant Teacher (1), Local appointees: Junior
Assistant Teacher (5), Local Appointees: Primary
Assistant Teacher (4)
Students (352)
12. Health care - A Clinic is opened at the village.
13. Fuel wood - Wood and charcoal. 24-hour electricity supply.
14. Fresh Water - A small dam is built at a small stream on the Lampi
Island and freshwater is pumped up to a storage tank.
It is supplied to War Kyuun village (War Kyuun Island)
through an underwater pvc-pipe line by gravity flow.
Freshwater is sold at the village.
15. Transportation - Access only by boats. No regular passenger ferry
service. Myeik and Kawthoung towns are the main
business contacts.
16. Remarks - War Kyuun village is the most modernized and
populated village in that area. It is a private owned
village and the Anawar Soe company’s workplace in
Tanintharyi division. The company owners upgraded
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the village building one and two-storey family lines
with brick and corrugated iron roof. They also built
well furnished two-storey school and provide books to
all students. There is a library at the village and a
clinic for both out- and in-patients. There was a
medical doctor at the clinic. A total of 116 staff run ice
factory, cold storage and fish processing plants.
Concrete landing site is also built at the factory. It is
usually busy with many modern and artisinal fishing
vessels and most of them are owned by the
company. An IP Star satellite telephone line has been
connected to the village.
Figure 19. Anawar Soe Co. Ltd. cold-
storage and fish processing factory.
Figure 20. Basic Education Post Primary
School at War Kyuun village.
Figure 21. Mini-market at War Kyuun
village.
Figure 22. A street at War Kyuun village.
(Library building is on the right)
Figure 23. War Kyuun village.
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Discussion
Out of the five villages, two villages (Nyaung Wee and Ma Kyone Galet) are
located in Kawthoung Township and three villages (Ko Phawt, Salet Galet and
War Kyuun) are located in Bok Pyin Township. Nyaung Wee, Ma Kyone Galet and
War Kyuun villages are permanent villages but Ko Phawt and Salet Galet villages
are seasonal. War Kyuun and Ma Kyone Galet villages are developing with both
fishery and other businesses. Lampi Island is located in Bok Pyin Township. But,
villages surrounding the Lampi communicate very much more to Kawthoung than
Bok Pyin for business, food, goods, fuel oil and travel.
The population of each villages described are the number of villagers live at
their respective villages. Many more peoples, who are not included in that
population, are also going in and out the villages and fluctuation is mainly depend
on their target animals, fishing gears, fishing practices, fishing grounds and catch.
Figure 14. Figure showing the no. of male and female at five villages.
Nyaung Wee and Ma Kyone Galet are known as Salone villages. However,
peoples from other areas have come and settled at the villages. Some married
with Salone girls and live at the villages.
According to a villager from Nyaung Wee, more people from mainland are
expected to come and settle in a few years as more fishing vessels have come to
Nyaung Wee Island and business related with the vessels have grown at the
island. Even the ferry boat from Aung Ba was observed at the temporary fishing
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camp at Nyaung Wee Island. That camp is more expected to develop with
peoples from other areas than the Nyaung Wee village as it can provide much
more clear anchorage and shelter place whereas some exposed and submerged
rocks are situated in open water in front of the Nyaung Wee village.
More peoples are also coming to the Ma Kyone Galet. Peoples annexed
the village by building some houses on the east coast of the Bo Cho Island just a
few minutes walk through a low ridge from the main village. Some villagers lived
on the east coast burnt their surroundings where freshwater stream is flowing and
do horticulture. A culturist uses pump to water his betel leaf plantation proved
good freshwater supply there.
Ma Kyone Galet, Salet Galet and War Kyuun villages are long time well
known places among the fishermen for very good shelter in bad weather and
freshwater source. However, surroundings of two freshwater sources at Ma Kyone
Galet village are dirty with left over oil bottles and spilled oil. A villager said that, at
least two or three children are dead every year because of the not-clean water,
Many left-over packaging materials are also found near public bathing places.
Figure 25. A freshwater source at Ma Kyone Galet village.
Figure 26. A freshwater source at Ma Kyone Galet village.
Survey period was coincided with long summer school holiday. Many
children were found at all survey sites to live with their parents during their
holidays. Some Salone ladies bring their children to their fishing since no one of
their relatives at the village can take care of them during their fishing trip to other
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areas. They said that they were poor and it was a very hard life for them. Salones
are generally impoverish peoples.
Figure 27. Salone children are waiting for their mothers while their mothers are collecting sea urchin eggs in a shallow water of the Lampi Island.
Figure 28. Moving towards some rocks for oyster collection. After collecting some food, they will go back to mother boat which anchored a few hundred meters away.
Recommendation
Raising public awareness of environment and natural resources is an
urgent need for sustainable development and conservation of Lampi and its
surrounding area since the area has got on its development momentum with
fishery, tourism, trade and more settlement. It will be the best that social security
and vocational training for job opportunities for peoples, especially for Salone, can
be done concurrently. Summer short mobile environmental education
programmes are also recommended for children because they come from various
coastal places and, therefore, they can share and spread their knowledge when
they go back to their respective towns/villages to attend their next academic year.
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Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Mr. Luca Schueli (ECoSwiss) for his support and U
Uga (BANCA) for his encouragement. We also appreciate Captain Eddy Gallina of
the “Sea Nomad” catamaran of Marinasia Co. Ltd., Mr. Barrt Bebdell and U Lu
Kyaw for their help in various ways during our survey. U Aye Maung Hlaing, U
Moe Kyaw and U Ko Ko Aung of Myanma Travels and Tours of Kawthoung are
also thanked for their help to become a successful trip. Last but not the least, our
thanks are also due to the interviewees during the survey.
Figure 24. Tint Tun (foreground, left) and Aung Mying Oo (foreground, right)
on the Sea Nomad katamaran boat with Eddy (at bow with sunglass) and Berry (sitting, left).