A Snapshot of Drinking-water and Sanitation

in the MDG region of Western Asia – 2010 Update

A regional perspective based on new data from the

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation

Prepared by:

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program on Water Supply and Sanitation

August 2010

© U

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2007-1

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, 2007

Rest, 2.0

Yemen, 11

Iraq, 8.2

Turkey, 7.3

Syrian Arab Republic, 0.9

West Bank and Gaza Strip, 0.5

Jordan, 0.1

United Arab Emirates, 0.1

Sanitation coverage trendsSanitation coverage trends, Western Asia,1990 – 2008

Improved

facilities

Shared facilities

Open Defecation

Unimproved

facilities

1990 2008 1990 2008 1990 2008

80

3

10

87

85

96

30

1019

67

53

94

5

2

18

26

Urban Rural Total

Iraq, 8.2 million

Despite high sanitation coverage there are still

37 million people without improved sanitation

Sanitation coverage, 2008

Urban

National

Rural

Significant inequity in use of improved sanitation facilities

between urban and rural areas in Western Asia

Since 1990, the population without an improved

sanitation facility increased by 4 million

Urban/rural disparities in the population without improved

sanitation , Western Asia,1990 and 2008 (millions)

Countries in Western Asia with ≥ 100,000 people without an

improved sanitation facility, 2008

Turkey

7.3 million

(millions)

Yemen

11 million

2

5

61

3

24

8

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Urban Rural

Po

pu

lati

on

(m

illio

ns)

1990

2008

On track: Coverage rate in 2008 >95% or was within 5 per cent of the 2008 rate required to meet the MDG target

Progress but insufficient: Coverage rate in 2008 was between 5 per cent and 10 per cent below the 2008 rate required to meet the MDG target

Not on track: Coverage rate in 2008 was the same or lower than the rate in 1990 or lower than 10 per cent of the 2008 rate required to meet the MDG target,

No or insufficient data: Data were unavailable or insufficient to estimate trends

0

20

40

60

80

100

Co

vera

ge

(%

)

Facts

69 million people in Western Asia gained access to an improved sanitation facility since 1990

70 million people in Western Asia gained access to an improved drinking water source since 1990

In 2008, 30 million people in Western Asia did not use an improved sanitation facility

In 2008, 21 million people in Western Asia did not use an improved drinking water source

The population practising open defecation in Western Asia decreased from 10 million in 1990,

to 7 million in 2008

The number of people using a shared sanitation facility in Western Asia increased from 2 million in 1990,

to 11 million in 2008

Progress towards the MDG target

More efforts are required for Western Asia to meet the MDG drinking water and sanitation target

Drinking water

93% MDG target

Sanitation

92% current trend

90% MDG target

87% current trend

Drinking water

Sanitation

1990 20152008

Western Asia is on track to meet the MDG drinking water and sanitation target, though reaching the

last 10-15 percent of the population remains a challenging

85%

90%

Year

Rest,1.7

Yemen, 8.8

Iraq, 6.3

Syrian Arab Republic, 2.2

Turkey, 0.9

West Bank and Gaza Strip, 0.4

Oman, 0.3

Jordan, 0.2

Drinking water coverage trendsDrinking water coverage trends, Western Asia,1990 – 2008

Improved

facilities

Piped on

premises

Unimproved

sources

Other improved

sources

1990 2008 1990 2008 1990 2008

78

1014

82

88

43

34

30

4

15

9393

17

3

61

55

Urban Rural Total

21 million people in Western Asia did not use an

improved drinking water source in 2008

Drinking water coverage, 2008

Urban

National

Rural

Drinking water coverage in rural areas lags behind

coverage in urban areas

Yemen

8.8 million

22

Since 1990, the urban population without an

improved drinking water increased by 2 million

Urban/rural disparities in the population without an improved drinking

water source, Western Asia,1990 and 2008 (millions)

Countries in Western Asia with ≥ 100,000 people without an improved

drinking water source, 2008

(millions) Iraq

6.3 million

3

16

6

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Urban Rural

Po

pu

lati

on

(m

illio

ns)

1990

2008

Sanitation coverage data

Rest of

Western Asia

Nigeria

Ethiopia

Sudan

* 1995-2008 estimates are given for Iraq and Jordan

Data not available to the WHO/UNICEF JMP are marked with a “ – “

Sanitation coverage: Country estimates by type of sanitation practices, 1990, 2000, 2008

Year

Population

Sanitation Coverage (%)

Population

gaining access

1990 – 2008

(x 1,000)

Urban Rural Total

Total

(x 1,000)

Urban

(%) Imp

rov

ed

Sh

are

d

Un

imp

rov

ed

Op

en

de

fecati

on

Imp

rov

ed

Sh

are

d

Un

imp

rov

ed

Op

en

de

fecati

on

Imp

rov

ed

Sh

are

d

Un

imp

rov

ed

Op

en

de

fecati

on

Country

Bahrain

1990 493 88 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

-2000 650 88 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

2008 776 89 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

Cyprus

1990 681 67 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

1822000 787 69 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

2008 862 70 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

Iraq

1990 18,079 70 - - - - - - - - - - - -

7,892*2000 24,652 68 76 19 5 0 54 10 21 15 69 16 10 5

2008 30,096 67 76 19 5 0 66 12 17 5 73 17 8 2

Israel

1990 4,514 90 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

2,5382000 6,084 91 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

2008 7,051 92 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

Jordan

1990 3,254 72 98 2 0 0 - - - - - - - -

1,809*2000 4,853 78 98 2 0 0 96 1 1 2 98 2 0 0

2008 6,136 78 98 2 0 0 97 1 2 0 98 2 0 0

Kuwait

1990 2,143 98 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

7762000 2,228 98 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

2008 2,919 98 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

Lebanon

1990 2,974 83 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

-2000 3,772 86 100 - 0 0 87 - 13 - 98 - 2 -

2008 4,194 87 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

West Bank and Gaza

Strip

1990 2,154 68 - - - - - - - - - - - -

-2000 3,149 71 91 - 8 1 84 - 14 2 89 - 10 1

2008 4,147 72 91 - 9 0 84 - 16 0 89 - 11 0

Oman

1990 1,843 66 97 - 1 2 61 - 7 32 85 - 3 12

-2000 2,402 72 97 - 1 2 61 - 7 32 87 - 2 11

2008 2,785 72 97 - 3 - - - - - - - - -

Qatar

1990 467 92 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

8132000 617 95 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

2008 1,281 96 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0 100 - 0 0

Saudi Arabia

1990 16,259 77 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - -

-2000 20,808 80 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

2008 25,201 82 100 - 0 0 - - - - - - - -

Syrian Arab Republic

1990 12,721 49 94 4 2 0 72 4 5 19 83 4 3 10

9,8192000 16,511 52 95 4 1 0 82 5 3 10 89 4 2 5

2008 21,227 54 96 4 0 0 95 5 0 0 96 4 0 0

Turkey

1990 56,086 59 96 1 3 0 66 2 27 5 84 1 13 2

19,4102000 66,460 65 96 2 2 0 71 3 23 3 87 2 10 1

2008 73,914 69 97 2 1 0 75 3 21 1 90 2 8 0

United Arab Emirates

1990 1,867 79 98 2 0 0 95 5 0 0 97 3 0 0

2,5392000 3,238 78 98 2 0 0 95 5 0 0 97 3 0 0

2008 4,485 78 98 2 0 0 95 5 0 0 97 3 0 0

Yemen

1990 12,314 21 64 1 29 6 6 1 39 54 18 1 37 44

9,7012000 18,182 26 81 2 13 4 21 2 34 43 37 2 28 33

2008 22,917 31 94 2 1 3 33 3 29 35 52 3 20 25

Western Asia

1990 135,850 61 96 1 3 0 53 2 26 19 80 2 10 8

69,4782000 174,394 65 93 6 1 0 60 4 21 15 82 5 7 6

2008 207,991 67 94 6 0 0 67 5 18 10 85 5 7 3

Drinking water coverage data

Rest of

Western Asia

Nigeria

Ethiopia

Sudan

* 1995-2008 estimates are given for West Bank and Gaza Strip and Yemen

Data not available to the WHO/UNICEF JMP are marked with a “ – “

Drinking water coverage: Country estimates by type of drinking water source 1990, 2000, 2008

Year

Population

Drinking Water Coverage (%)

Population

gaining access

1990 – 2008

(x 1,000)

Urban Rural Total

Un

imp

rov

ed

Un

imp

rov

ed

Un

imp

rov

ed

Urban

(%) Imp

rov

ed

Pip

ed

on

pre

mis

es

Oth

er

imp

roved

Imp

rov

ed

Pip

ed

on

pre

mis

es

Oth

er

imp

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Imp

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Pip

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on

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Oth

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imp

rov

ed

Country

Total

(x 1,000)

Bahrain

1990 493 88 100 100 0 0 - - - - - - - -

-2000 650 88 100 100 0 0 - - - - - - - -

2008 776 89 100 100 0 0 - - - - - - - -

Cyprus

1990 681 67 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0

1822000 787 69 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0

2008 862 70 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0

Iraq

1990 18,079 70 97 - - 3 44 - - 56 81 - - 19

9,1322000 24,652 68 95 92 3 5 49 37 12 51 80 74 6 20

2008 30,096 67 91 90 1 9 55 49 6 45 79 76 3 21

Israel

1990 4,514 90 100 100 0 0 100 98 2 0 100 100 0 0

2,5382000 6,084 91 100 100 0 0 100 98 2 0 100 100 0 0

2008 7,051 92 100 100 0 0 100 98 2 0 100 100 0 0

Jordan

1990 3,254 72 99 98 1 1 91 87 4 9 97 95 2 3

2,7342000 4,853 78 98 96 2 2 91 82 9 9 96 93 3 4

2008 6,136 78 98 94 4 2 91 79 12 9 96 91 5 4

Kuwait

1990 2,143 98 99 - - 1 99 - - 1 99 - - 1

7682000 2,228 98 99 - - 1 99 - - 1 99 - - 1

2008 2,919 98 99 - - 1 99 - - 1 99 - - 1

Lebanon

1990 2,974 83 100 100 0 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

1,2192000 3,772 86 100 100 0 0 100 85 15 0 100 98 2 0

2008 4,194 87 100 100 0 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

West Bank and

Gaza Strip

1990 2,154 68 100 - - 0 - - - - - - - -

1,280*2000 3,149 71 95 88 7 5 88 64 24 12 93 81 12 7

2008 4,147 72 91 84 7 9 91 64 27 9 91 78 13 9

Oman

1990 1,843 66 84 29 55 16 72 6 66 28 80 21 59 20

9772000 2,402 72 87 46 41 13 74 11 63 26 83 36 47 17

2008 2,785 72 92 68 24 8 77 18 59 23 88 54 34 12

Qatar

1990 467 92 100 - - 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

8132000 617 95 100 - - 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

2008 1,281 96 100 - - 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

Saudi Arabia

1990 16,259 77 97 97 0 3 63 60 3 37 89 88 1 11

-2000 20,808 80 97 97 0 3 - - - - - - - -

2008 25,201 82 97 97 0 3 - - - - - - - -

Syrian Arab

Republic

1990 12,721 49 96 93 3 4 75 51 24 25 85 72 13 15

8,0792000 16,511 52 95 93 2 5 79 59 20 21 87 77 10 13

2008 21,227 54 94 93 1 6 84 71 13 16 89 83 6 11

Turkey

1990 56,086 59 94 91 3 6 73 54 19 27 85 76 9 15

25,5022000 66,460 65 97 95 2 3 85 74 11 15 93 88 5 7

2008 73,914 69 100 98 2 0 96 92 4 4 99 96 3 1

United Arab

Emirates

1990 1,867 79 100 - - 0 100 - - 0 100 - - 0

2,6182000 3,238 78 100 80 20 0 100 70 30 0 100 78 22 0

2008 4,485 78 100 80 20 0 100 70 30 0 100 78 22 0

Yemen

1990 12,314 21 - - - - - - - - - - - -

3,769*2000 18,182 26 82 63 19 18 59 20 39 41 65 31 34 35

2008 22,917 31 72 54 18 28 57 17 40 43 62 28 34 38

Western Asia

1990 135,850 61 96 93 3 4 70 55 15 30 86 78 8 14

70,2342000 174,394 65 96 93 3 4 74 54 20 26 88 79 9 12

2008 207,991 67 96 93 3 4 78 61 17 22 90 82 8 10

For more data and information on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation visit: www.wssinfo.org