a small rock 100 ml of water the helium from a balloon which is easiest to hold in your hand? why?
TRANSCRIPT
•A Small Rock•100 ml of Water•The Helium from a
Balloon
Which is easiest to
hold in your hand? Why?
State (or phase) of Matter
• The physical form in which matter exists
• Four states– Solid– Liquid Most common on Earth– Gas– Plasma
SOLIDS• Have a definite shape and
volume– How do we find the volume of a
solid?•Length x Width x Height
Liquids•Has a definite volume.
– How do we find a liquid’s volume?
•What is a liquid’s shape?– It takes the shape of its’
container– No definite shape
Gases• No definite shape or volume
– Takes the shape of its’ container– Gas molecules will spread out to
occupy all of the space available.
PLASMA• Forms when temperatures are high enough to remove electrons from their atoms– When an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion.
Particles and Phase
•The arrangement and motion of the particle that make up a substance determine its state.
SOLIDS• Particles are packed
together quite closely• The energy bonding
these particles is very strong– This prevents particles
from moving freely
• Particles move by vibrating in their position– Gives solids their
definite shape and volume
Liquids• Particles are less
densly packed than those in a solid
• Energy bonding particles is weaker than in a solid– Particles can move
around and slide past one another
• Movement of particles prevents liquids from having a definite shape
Gases• Particles move
freely– Allows gases to
expend and contract to fit its container• Thus gases lack
shape and volume
• Energy binding the particles is weak
Heat Affects the State of a Substance
• When a substance takes in heat, its particles gain energy and move more quickly
• When a substance releases heat, its particles lose energy and move more slowly.
When enough heat is added or removed, a change of state
occurs.
• Solid + Heat =
• Liquid + Heat =
• Gas – Heat =
• Liquid – Heat =
LIQUID
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
Solid + Heat = Liquid
–Melting point: the temperature at which a solid begins to change to a liquid.
Liquid + Heat = Gas
• Vaporization– The process in which a liquid changes to a gas
• Boiling Point– The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
Gas – Heat = Liquid
• Condensation– The changing of a substance from a
gas to a liquid– The temperature is the same as the
substance’s boiling point, it’s just going in the opposite direction.
Check it Out!
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/molecules.swf
Phase Change Diagram
Freezing
Condensing
Boi
ling
Melti
ng
HEAT ENERGY
TEM
PER
ATU
RE