a simple data muling protocol
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A simple data-muling protocol**
Pablo Basanta Val
Marisol García-Valls Miguel Baza-Cuñado
**Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Industrial informatics (I.F.: 3.1).
http://www.it.uc3m.es/drequiem/
![Page 2: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• Introduction
• The D&U Data-Muling Protocol
– Constraints &Model
– Discovery and Updates
• D&U Evaluation
– Mote characterization
– Benchmark Results
• Conclusions
2 JTR 2014
![Page 3: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
• Traditional industrial infrastructures were wired
– There a trend towards wireless infrastructures (IWSNs)
– Future industrial infrastructures would be hybrid (wired+wireless)
• In addition to wired and wireless, infrastructures may extend wired and wireless with data-muling
– To have a more flexible infrastructure
JTR 2014 3
![Page 4: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wired, Wireless and Data-Muling in an Industrial Infrastructure
• Potentiality: – Versatility in supporting different applications
– Data-muling in industrial infrastructures (e.g. a train) is more predictable than in general (random muling behaviour of people) scenarios
JTR 2014 4
![Page 5: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some challenges for industrial data-muling [CH1] Resource constraints related to energy, memory and CPU - Mules and motes may have energy constraints and run on embedded
devices [CH2] Topology problems and environmental issues. - Networks that appear and disappear dynamically [CH3] Quality of service requirements [CH4] Redundancy [CH5] Security [CH6] Deployment and ad-hoc integration [CH7] Internet integration.
- Access from other higher order networks This work is mainly concerned with CH1 CH2 and CH7.
JTR 2014 5
![Page 6: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
D&U Data Mulling Protocol Bounds and Limitations
• Actors: 1) motes, 2) host nodes and 3) the mules • Communications
– Intermittent communications and no direct vision among different motes
• Energy constraints – In the mule but not in the motes (they have a supply source)
JTR 2014 6
![Page 7: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
D&U Data Mulling Protocol The protocol
JTR 2014 7
• Periodically, the mote looks for other nodes with sleep periods
![Page 8: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
D&U Data Mulling Protocol Node Discovery subprotocol
JTR 2014 8
![Page 9: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
JTR 2014 9
D&U Data Mulling Protocol Basic Data Update (of b and a) in the D&U protocol
• Two steps for downloading data: – Clock synchronization for each mule to mote interaction
– Data transmission
![Page 10: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
D&U Data Mulling Protocol data model
JTR 2014 10
• Communication model: -A distributed data table with motes that read and write data -Synchronized by the mule
![Page 11: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D&U Data Mulling Protocol Data freshness
JTR 2014 11
![Page 12: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Implementation hardware
• The mule and the mote run the same hardware
– On Java’s SunSPOT – Software modified to run more efficiently
JTR 2014 12
Description
CPU ARM920T -32 bits (ARMv4) at 180MHz
Memory S71PL032J40 Mem
512 KBytes pSRAM and
4 Mbytes NOR Flash
Network TI CC2420 at 2,4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4)
Battery Li-ION de 3,7V (720 mAh)
I/O
ports
1 x USB 1.1/2.0, 2 x UARTs,
5 x general purpose I/O Ports
802.15.4
setup
Tx pot.=-3dbm and freq 26 (2480 Mhz)
Max transmission distance= 10 meters
API
facilities
Clock access and battery access via API
Send/Receive data via connections or
diffusion (802.15.4)
Mode Consumption
(mAh)
Duration
Run mode 70-120 mAh 6-10 hours
Shallow-sleep
mode
24 mAh 30 hours
Deep sleep mode 32 µAh 22500 hours
Mote Wakeup
time
70-120 mAh 10 ms (max)
Energy model of the mote
![Page 13: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Implementation software stack and protocols
JTR 2014 13
![Page 14: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Empirical evaluation General issues
JTR 2014 14
Based on the iLAND project and other internal real-time Java benchmarks
![Page 15: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Empirical evaluation Mote characteristics: data rate and energy costs
JTR 2014 15
![Page 16: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Empirical evaluation Mote characteristics: mule speed
JTR 2014 16
• The maximum update time in ideal conditions - clocks perfectly synchronized - Mote detected as soon as the mote is in the 10 meters range.
![Page 17: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Empirical evaluation Mote characteristics: maximum data transferred
• non-feasible area – 1 mote and 1 mule at 330
km/h
– 128 motes with a mule at 5km/h.
• Original vs. D&U protocol – 25% of additional motes
JTR 2014 17
![Page 18: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Empirical evaluation Mote characteristics: battery profile
• With (TIUmin=1 hour) and (TIDmin=1 second) – 18000 hours of operation
– Ideal data-mulling add 15% of energy
JTR 2014 18
![Page 19: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Benchmark Memory in the mule
• Infeasibility area
- 512 bytes sampling period of 2.5 minutes
- with 1 byte and 10 milliseconds)
• Idealized version may add 100% to 190% additional motes
JTR 2014 19
![Page 20: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Benchmark Time in the mule
• Feasibility area – 1byte-2us intra period
– 512 bytes-2 ms intra period range
• With an idealized protocol you may add 20% to 190% more motes
JTR 2014 20
![Page 21: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Benchmark Energy in the mule bound
• The mule may recharge in each round
• Infea
• sibility area
- [1 byte each 3µs]
- [512 bytes each second]
• The Ideal data-muling protocol improves by 25% to 197%
JTR 2014 21
![Page 22: A simple data muling protocol](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042607/559181061a28ab03538b4618/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Conclusions and ongoing work
• Proposed a new communications protocol – Called the D&U protocol that runs on IEEE
802.15.4
• Evaluation results highlight the importance of having save energy strategies – Identified an idealized protocol
• Ongoing work – To extend this results to other protocols
– E.g. 802.11 and DPWS, UPnP
JTR 2014 22