A. Sigmund Freud: Psycho-Analytical ApproachB. Jean Piaget: Cognitive Development

Human development occurs in three stages:

THE ID-THE EGO-THE SUPEREGO

Includes all of the individuals basic biological needs that demand immediate gratification. (I really want that car)

The rational, reality-oriented component of the personality. Imposes restrictions on the pleasure seeking drives of the id. (It would take a lot of money to buy the car…how could I get it?)

(The Conscience)The moral and ethical aspects of the personality. (I guess I will have to wait to buy the car)

ID A newborn child’s personality is all id.(Self-gratification)

EGO Channels the desires of the id to more advantageous direction of the individual

SUPEREGO -First seen as recognition of parental control.-Later as a reflection of values and moral of the larger society.

The ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO

Believed that children learn in 4 distinct levels of congnitive development. Children MUST go through each stage before moving on to the next.

How people obtain, process, and use information…

BASICALLY: HOW DO WE THINK

Cannot use language, so children depend solely on sensory contact and immediate action.

EGOCENTRIC- Believe they are at the center of everything.

“Object Permanence”- Cover an object, child thinks it is gone…peek-a-boo.

Begin to use words as mental symbols to form mental images.(ie. Know what a dog is without seeing it)

Limited ability to use logic. Don’t understand objects changing

shapes, yet keeping properties.

Can draw their own conclusions about likely physical consequences.

Involved in highly abstract thought.Can think about the future and

evaluate different options or courses of action.

More “sophisticated” thought.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development

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