A seminar onA seminar on““AUTOMATED GUIDED AUTOMATED GUIDED

VEHICLES”VEHICLES”

CONTENTSCONTENTS

IntroductionIntroduction History of AGV’SHistory of AGV’S What is AGV?What is AGV? Types of AGV’sTypes of AGV’s Why consider AGV’sWhy consider AGV’s Types of navigations in AGV’sTypes of navigations in AGV’s Applications of AGV’sApplications of AGV’s

AGVs increase AGVs increase efficiencyefficiency and and reduce costs reduce costs by helping to by helping to automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse. automate a manufacturing facility or warehouse.

AGVs can AGVs can carry loads or tow objects carry loads or tow objects behind them in behind them in trailerstrailers. The trailers can be used to move raw materials . The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. bed. some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, paper, metals, newspaper and general manufacturingpaper, metals, newspaper and general manufacturing. .

IntroductionIntroduction

Continued…Continued… An AGV can also be called a An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle(LGVlaser guided vehicle(LGV) )

or self-guided vehicle (SGV). In Germany the or self-guided vehicle (SGV). In Germany the technology is also called technology is also called FahrerloseFahrerlose Transport system Transport system (FTS) and in Sweden Forarlosa trucker.(FTS) and in Sweden Forarlosa trucker.

AGVs are available in a variety of models and can be AGVs are available in a variety of models and can be used to move products on an assembly line, transport used to move products on an assembly line, transport goods throughout a plant or warehouse.goods throughout a plant or warehouse.

History of AGV’SHistory of AGV’S The first AGV was brought to market in the The first AGV was brought to market in the 1950s1950s, by , by

Barrett Electronics of NorthbrookBarrett Electronics of Northbrook, and at the time it , and at the time it was simply a tow truck that followed a wire in the floor was simply a tow truck that followed a wire in the floor instead of a rail. over the years the technology has instead of a rail. over the years the technology has become more sophisticated and today automated become more sophisticated and today automated vehicles are mainly vehicles are mainly Laser navigated Laser navigated ex: LGV.ex: LGV.

In an automated process, LGVs are programmed to In an automated process, LGVs are programmed to communicate with other robots to ensure product is communicate with other robots to ensure product is moved smoothly through the warehouse, whether it is moved smoothly through the warehouse, whether it is being stored for future use or sent directly to shipping being stored for future use or sent directly to shipping areas. Today the AGV plays an important role in the areas. Today the AGV plays an important role in the design of new design of new factories factories and and warehouses.warehouses.

AGV is a material handling system that uses AGV is a material handling system that uses independently operated, self-propelled vehicles independently operated, self-propelled vehicles guided along defined pathways.guided along defined pathways.

What is AGV?What is AGV?

Types of AGV’STypes of AGV’S

Driverless trainsDriverless trains

AGV’AGV’ss pallet trucks pallet trucks

Unit load carriersUnit load carriers

Driverless trains:-Driverless trains:-

It consists of a It consists of a towing vehicle towing vehicle that pulls one or more that pulls one or more trailers to form a train.trailers to form a train.

This type is applicable in moving This type is applicable in moving heavy pay loads heavy pay loads over over large distance large distance in in warehouses or factories warehouses or factories with with or without intermediate pickup and drop off points or without intermediate pickup and drop off points along the route.along the route.

It consists of It consists of 5-10 trailers 5-10 trailers and is an and is an efficientefficient transport system.transport system.

The towing capacity is up to The towing capacity is up to 60,00060,000 pounds pounds

Driverless train

Driverless train

AGV Pallet Trucks:-AGV Pallet Trucks:-

Pallet trucks are used to move palletized loads Pallet trucks are used to move palletized loads along predetermined routes.along predetermined routes.

The capacity of an AGV pallet truck ranges up The capacity of an AGV pallet truck ranges up to several thousand kilograms and some are to several thousand kilograms and some are capable of handling two pallets.capable of handling two pallets.

It is achieved for vertical movement to reach It is achieved for vertical movement to reach loads on racks and shelves.loads on racks and shelves.

AGV Pallet Truck

AGV Pallet Truck

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Unit load carriers:-Unit load carriers:-

These are used to move These are used to move unit loads unit loads from one from one station to another.station to another.

It is also used for It is also used for automatic loading automatic loading and and unloadingunloading of pallets by means of rollers. of pallets by means of rollers.

Load capacity ranges up to Load capacity ranges up to 250 kg 250 kg or less.or less. Especially these vehicles are designed to move Especially these vehicles are designed to move

smallsmall loads. loads.

Unit load carrier

Unit load carrier

Why consider AGVs?Why consider AGVs?

Reduces the labor cost.Reduces the labor cost. Flexible.Flexible. Intelligent.Intelligent. Time consuming.Time consuming. Can significantly reduce production & Can significantly reduce production &

warehouse costs.warehouse costs. Transforming the materials handling industry.Transforming the materials handling industry.

Types of navigation in AGV’STypes of navigation in AGV’S

Wired navigationWired navigation

Guide tape navigationGuide tape navigation

Laser target navigationLaser target navigation

Wired navigationWired navigation

The wired sensor is placed on The wired sensor is placed on bottombottom of the of the AGV’S and is placed facing the AGV’S and is placed facing the groundground..

A A slotslot is cut in the is cut in the grounground and a wire is placed d and a wire is placed approximately approximately 1 inch 1 inch below the below the groundground..

The The sensorssensors detects the detects the radio frequency radio frequency being transmitted from the being transmitted from the wire wire and follows and follows it.it.

wired navigation AGV’Swired navigation AGV’S

Guide tape navigation Guide tape navigation

The AGV’SThe AGV’S( some known as automated guided carts or AGC’S)( some known as automated guided carts or AGC’S) use use magnetic tape magnetic tape for the guide path.for the guide path.

The AGC’S is fitted with the appropriate The AGC’S is fitted with the appropriate guide guide sensorssensors to follow the to follow the pathpath of the of the tapetape..

It is considered a “It is considered a “passivepassive” system since it ” system since it does not require the guide medium to be does not require the guide medium to be energized as wire does.energized as wire does.

Guide tape navigation AGV’SGuide tape navigation AGV’S

Laser target navigationLaser target navigation The AGV’S carry’s a lThe AGV’S carry’s a laseraser transmitter and transmitter and

receiverreceiver on a rotating on a rotating turretturret.. The lThe laseraser is sent off then received again the is sent off then received again the

angleangle and and distancesdistances are are automaticallyautomatically calculated calculated and stored into AGV’S and stored into AGV’S memorymemory..

The AGV’S has The AGV’S has reflector mapreflector map stored in stored in memorymemory and can correct its position based on and can correct its position based on errorserrors between the expected and received between the expected and received measurements.measurements.

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Continued…Continued…

It can then It can then navigatenavigate to a destination target to a destination target using the constantly updating position.using the constantly updating position.

Laser target navigation AGV’SLaser target navigation AGV’S

Common AGV ApplicationsCommon AGV Applications Automated Guided Vehicles can be used in a wide Automated Guided Vehicles can be used in a wide

variety of applications to variety of applications to transporttransport many different many different types of material including types of material including pallets, rolls, racks, carts, pallets, rolls, racks, carts, and containers.and containers.

Raw Material Handling:-Raw Material Handling:- AGVs are commonly used to transport AGVs are commonly used to transport raw materials raw materials

such as such as paper, steel, rubber, metal, and plastic.paper, steel, rubber, metal, and plastic. This This includes transporting materials from receiving to the includes transporting materials from receiving to the warehousewarehouse, and , and deliveringdelivering materials directly to materials directly to production lines. production lines.

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Work-in-Process Movement:-Work-in-Process movement is one of the first applications where automated guided vehicles were used, and includes the repetitive movement of materials throughout the manufacturing process.Pallet Handling:-Pallet handling is an extremely popular application for AGVs as repetitive movement of pallets is very common in manufacturing and distribution facilities.

Finished Product Handling:-

Moving finished goods from manufacturing to storage or shipping is the final movement of materials before they are delivered to customers. These movements often require the gentlest material handling because the products are complete and subject to damage from rough handling.

Pallet handling

Finished goods handling

Thank youThank you