a rof access network for simultaneous generation and...

Research ArticleA ROF Access Network for Simultaneous Generation andTransmission Multiband Signals Based on Frequency Octuplingand FWM Techniques

Hui Zhou 1 Yunlong Shen1 Ming Chen 2 Jun Cheng1 and Yuting Zeng 1

1College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China2College of Physics and Information Science Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Hui Zhou 232325252qqcom

Received 14 May 2018 Accepted 8 July 2018 Published 2 September 2018

Academic Editor Yan Luo

Copyright copy 2018 Hui Zhou et alThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License whichpermits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

We report a radio-over-fiber (ROF) access network with multiple high-repetive frequency mm-wave signals generation utilizing adual-parallelMach-Zehndermodulator (DP-MZM) and an semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) formultiple base stations (BSs)In the scheme at the central station (CS) signal and pump with frequency interval of 8fRF are generated by properly adjusting theparameters of the DP-MZM After FWM in a SOA new converted optical signals are obtained Two tones of the optical signals areselected by using tunable optical filter (TOF) which are then sent into a photodiode (PD) to generate multiple mm-wave signalswith different frequencies (8fRF 16fRF and 24fRF) for different BSs Based on the proposed scheme the mm-wave signals withfrequencies of 20 40 and 60 GHz carrying 25 Gbs signal by a 25GHz RF signal have been generated by numerical simulationSimulation results show that the proposed ROF system architecture with multiple-frequency millimeter-wave signals generationserving multiple BSs can work well This scheme can raise the capacity of ROF system reduce the requirement of the repetitivefrequency of the driven RF signal and support multiple mm-wave wireless access for BSs

1 Introduction

Radio-over-fiber (ROF) system has been considered apromising technology for supporting next generation broad-band access networks since it can provide low transmissionloss wide bandwidth immunity to radio-frequency (RF)interference high flexibility and enhanced microcell cov-erage [1ndash3] In the ROF system the functions of carriermodulation and multiplexing are centralized in the centralstation (CS) and the remote base stations share a cen-tral station In the base station (BS) a simple photodiodeis used to produce electric millimeter wave and then istransmitted to the user terminal for demodulation by asimple distributed antenna Thus the system has simplifiedstructure and high cost benefit However generation of mm-wave signal in the conventional electronic domain will meetelectronic bottleneck so an effective method to solve theproblem is to produce mm-wave using microwave photonicstechnique

At present the methods of mm-wave signal generationin the optical domain include direct beating of a dual-wavelength laser at a PD [4] optical mode-locked of the twolaser diodes [5] and optical external modulators technique[6] Some methods presented to produce high-repetitivefrequency optical mm-wave were reported previously [7ndash11] Quadruple frequency mm-wave generation was alreadyreported previously [7 8] including frequency multiplicationbased on a dual-pump FWM scheme in nonlinear media[7] or using an optical modulator based on first-ordersideband suppression and a silicon microresonator filter [8]Octuple frequency mm-wave generation was reported byusing multicascaded intensity modulators based on opticalcarrier suppression (OCS) scheme [9] 16-tupling frequencymm-wave generation was proposed using two cascadeddual-parallelMach-Zehndermodulators (DP-MZMs) [10] 18times frequencymm-wave generation has been proposed anddemonstrated based on cascaded optical external modulatorsand FWM in SOA [11]

HindawiAdvances in Condensed Matter PhysicsVolume 2018 Article ID 9409583 9 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520189409583

2 Advances in Condensed Matter Physics

Data

SOAFiber OSOC

TOF1

TOF2

TOF3

BS1

CS PD1

BS2

PD2

BS3

PD3

IL

MZM

+4-4

PS

MZM-b

MZM-a

RF

LD

s p pＣ＞ＦＬ1 Ｃ＞ＦＬ2s

Figure 1 The principle of multiple-frequency optical mm-wave signals generation using DP-MZM and FWM in SOA for ROF system LDlaser diode MZM Mach-Zehnder modulator OC optical coupler OS optical splitter SOA semiconductor optical amplifier TOF tunableoptical filter and PD photodio

Data

SOAFiber OSOC

TOF1

TOF2

TOF3

BS1Central Station

PD1

BS2

PD2

BS3

PD3

IL

MZM

+4-4

PS

LDMZM-b

MZM-a

RF


User

EALO

filter

User

EALO

filter

User

EALO

filter

Figure 2 ROF architecture with multiband signals based on frequency octupling and FWM in SOA for multiple BSs

Recently some schemes for simultaneously generatingmultiband signals were reported [12ndash14] Multiband sig-nals generation including baseband frequency-doubled andfrequency-quadrupled has proposed based on a dual-parallelMach-Zehnder modulator following a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator through optical carrier suppression andfrequency-shifting techniques [12] A scheme with multi-band generation is proposed using two cascade MZMs togenerate a DSB optical signal [13] Anthoer scheme withmultiband generation is proposed to generate an opticalcarrier suppression signal using two cascade MZMs [14]However the multiple high-repetitive frequency mm-wavesignals generation for the ROF system is seldom reportedalthough it is considered very worthwhile for further studies

In this paper we propose a ROF system with 20GHz 40GHzand 60GHz based on based on frequency octupling andFWM techniques to providing multiband mm-wave wirelessaccess In our proposed multiband wireless accesses a lowfrequency RF oscillator and a DP-MZM are required inthe CS which makes the CS cost-efficient In our proposedmultiband wireless accesses since data is carried on one ofthe two sidebands SSB like mm-wave format is transmittedover fiber and amplitude fading and bit walk-off effect causedby chromatic dispersion are reduced greatly Multiband mm-waves carrying same data are generated at BSs after beatingfrequency which can provide the same data to every user

This paper is organized as follows the principle andtheoretically analysis for the proposedmultiband ROF access

Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 3

19325T 19329T 19334T19320TFrequency (Hz)

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)

Figure 3 Optical spectrum after DP-MZM


minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)

Figure 4 Optical spectrum after OC

Network are presented in Section 2 In Section 3 a ROFsystem carrying 25Gbits NRZ signal supporting 20 GHz40 GHz and 60GHz mm-waves access has been built toconfirm the theoretical analysis The conclusion is given inSection 4

2 Theoretical Analysis

Theprinciple of the proposedmultiple-frequencymillimeter-wave signals generation using DP-MZM and FWM in SOAfor ROF system is shown in Figure 1 A continuous wave119864119894119899(119905) = 1198640 cos(1205960119905) generated from an laser diode (LD) isinjected into a DP-MZM which consists of two sub-MZMs(MZM-a and MZM-b) in parallel The two sub-MZMs aredriven by theRF signal119881119877119865(119905) = 119881119877119865 cos120596119877119865119905with phase shift120579 The output optical from the MZM-a can be expressed asfollows


minus

minus

minus

minus

2

Pow

er (d

Bm)

Figure 5 Optical spectrum after SOA

19325T 19329T19320TFrequency (Hz)

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Po

wer

(dBm

)

Figure 6 Optical spectrum of 20GHz mm-wave

The output optical signal from the MZM-a can bedescribed by

1198641199001199061199051 (119905)= 119864119894119899 (119905)10(11989620) [

12 exp(119895120587

119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198871119881120587119863119862)

+ 12 exp(119895120587119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198872119881120587119863119862)]

(1)

where 1198640 and 1205960 are the amplitude and angle frequencyof CW 119881119877119865 and 120596119890 are the amplitude and angle frequency ofRF signal and 119896 and 119881120587 are the insertion loss and half-wavevoltage of the sub-MZMs respectively 1198811198871 and 1198811198872 are theconstant dc-bias voltages on the two arms ofMZMAssuming



minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)



minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)

Figure 8 Electrical spectrum of 60GHz mm-wave

1198811198872 = 0 the output optical signal from MZM-a can beexpressed as

1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 ))(2)

In a similar way to the MZM-a the optical signal fromMZM-b can be expressed as

1198641199001199061199052 (119905)= 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120573 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 + 120601))(3)

where 120601 is the phase difference between the two sub-MZMs caused by RF signals Assuming that 120573 = 120587119881119877119865119881120587is the modulation depth of the MZM 120593 = 1205871198811198871119881120587119863119862

200G 00GFrequency (Hz)

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)


200G 00G 00G00GFrequency (Hz)

minus

minus

minus

minus

minusPo

wer

(dBm

)


200G 00G 00G 00GFrequency (Hz)

minus

minus

minus

minus

minus

Pow

er (d

Bm)



1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)

0 05 1Time (bit period)

(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(d)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

-log(

BER)

10 15 20 25 30 35 40Transmission Distance (km)

20GHz mm wave(e)

Figure 12 Baseband signal eye diagram of 20GHz mm-wave after fiber transmission over (a) 10 km (b) 20 km (c) 30 km (d) 40 km and (e)BER versus transmission distance

is constant phase shift determined by the constant dc-biasvoltage The real part of (2) can be expressed as

1198641199001199061199051 (t) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)]+ cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593)]

(4)

Likewise the real part of (3) can be expressed as

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601)]+ cos [(1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593 + 120601))]

(5)

When 120593 = 0 120579 = 120587 and 120601 = 1205872 based on Besselfunction expansion of the output optical signals fromMZM-aand MZM-b (4) and (5) can be written as

1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos (2119899120596119877119865119905) (6)

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos 2119899 (120596119877119865119905 + 1205872 )(7)

Here 119869119899 (119899 = 0 1 ) denotes the nth order Besselfunction of the first kind From (6) and (7) it shows thatthe odd order sidebands are suppressed and the second-ordersidebands are offset by the two branches (MZM-a andMZM-b) while the fourth-order sidebands are strengthen When120573 = 48 according to the fourth-order Bessel functionsof the first kind 1198694(120573) the fourth-order sidebands haveappreciable amplitude while the central carrier and higher-order sidebands have much small amplitudes Two opticalsignals from two sub-MZMs are combined in the Y-branchof the DP-MZM The output optical signal of the DP-MZMcan be described as follows

119864119900119906119905 = 1198641199001199061199051 (t) + 1198641199001199061199052 (t)= 11986401198694 (120573) [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905 + cos (1205960 + 4120596119877119865) 119905] (8)

Here we assume that the signal is modulated on thesideband with the frequency of 120596119904 = 1205960 minus 4120596119877119865 as signallightwave and the sideband with the frequency of 120596119901 = 1205960 +


1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(d)

40353025

60555045

201510

5

-log(

BER)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 4540Transmission Distance (km)

40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)

Figure 13 Baseband signal eye diagram of 40GHz mm-wave after fiber transmission over (a) 10 km (b) 20 km (c) 30 km (d) 40 km and(e) BER versus transmission distance

4120596119877119865 is used as pump The signal lightwave and pump arecombined by an optical coupler and launched into a fiberThecombined optical signals are similar to SSB scheme whichsuffer litter degration from fiber chromatic dispersion Afterfiber transmission the optical signals with the frequencie 120596119904and120596119901 input a SOA for four-wavemixing (FWM) Accordingto the principle of FWM pairs of input tones are imagined tobeat to produce gain and phase gratings which modulate orscatter the input fields to generate upper and lower sidebands[15] Then two new converted signals with the frequency of1205961198941198891198901199031 = 2120596119904 minus 120596119901 and 1205961198941198891198901199032 = 2120596119901 minus 120596119904 are generatedAll optical signals with the frequencies 120596119904 120596119901 1205961198941198891198901199031 and1205961198941198891198901199032 from the SOA are divided into different branches forevery BS by using an optical power splitter (OS) At each BStwo frequency components of the all optical sidebands arechosen by using tunable optical filter (TOF) and sent into aPD to generate a particular frequency mm-wave signal Inthis scheme there are four optical tones and 6 groups of twotones combination such as [120596119904 120596119901][120596119904 1205961198941198891198901199031][120596119904 1205961198941198891198901199032][120596119901 1205961198941198891198901199031] [120596119901 1205961198941198891198901199032] and [1205961198941198891198901199031 1205961198941198891198901199032] can be obtainedFor example the frequencies of 1205961198941198891198901199031 and 120596119904 are chosen andare injected to a square-law photodiode (PD) to obtain themm-wave signal with the frequency of 120596119904 minus 1205961198941198891198901199031 namelya millimeter wave with octupling of the RF signal generated

Similarly filtered out [120596119901 1205961198941198891198901199031] or [1205961198941198891198901199031 1205961198941198891198901199032] can also beused to produce the 16 times or even 24 RF signal mm-waveFor example the frequencies of 120596119904 and 1205961198941198891198901199031 are filtered outby TOF1 and the optical mm-wave signal with the frequency120596119904 minus 1205961198941198891198901199031 can be obtained which can be expressed as

119864119900119906119905minus1198611198781 (119905) = 119889 (119905) 11986401198694 (120573)radic119866 [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905+ 1198661198642011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (1205960 minus 12120596119877119865) 119905]

(9)

Here 119866 is the SOArsquo s gain and 119903(8120596119877119865) represent conver-sion efficiency coefficient [15] When the optical mm-wave isdetected by a PD the photocurrent can be expressed as

1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)

Here120583 is the conversion efficiency of the photon detectorFrom above electric mm-wave with eightfold frequency ofthe RF signal is obtained Similarly when the optical mm-wave signals with 1205961198941198891198901199032 minus120596119904 and 1205961198941198891198901199032 minus1205961198941198891198901199031 are filtered out


1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


8

6

4

2

0

(d)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

-log(

BER)


60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)


and then are detected by PD respectively the photocurrentscan be written as

1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)

Therefore electric mm-waves with 16 times and 24 timesRF frequency are obtained

3 Simulation and Results

In order to verify our proposed scheme the ROF architecturewith multiband signals is built by OptiSystem as shownis Figure 2 At the CS the lightwave is generated from anexternal-cavity laser (ECL) at 19326 THz with a 100 MHzlinewidth which is divided into two parts by an optical powersplitter The two parts are injected into dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) respectively The two sub-MZMswith the switching voltage of 4V insertion loss of 5dBand extinction ratio of 80dB respectively are combined by

two 3 dB couplers in parallel According to theory presentedin Section 2 the phase difference between the two arms ofthe sub-MZM is 120579 = 120587 and two sub-MZMs are dc biasedat the maximum optical output point (120593 = 0) Two sub-MZMs are driven by a 25 GHz RF signal with 120601 = 1205872phase shift and amplitude of 612 V (namely 120573 = 48)The output optical signal from the DP-MZM includes thelower and upper fourth-order sidebands at 19325 THz and19327 THz as shown in Figure 3 Then an interleaver (IL)is used to separate the two fourth-order sidebands and the25Gbits NRZ baseband signal is modulated on the sideband19325 THz The modulated signal lightwave coupled withpump by an optical coupler (OC) via fiber channel thensends to SOA The optical spectrum after optical coupler isshown in Figure 4 The output signal is then amplified byan optical amplifier and the input power to fiber channelis about 08dBm The SOA injection current is 032 A Thedifferential gain of SOA is 278 times 10minus20m2 the initial carrierdensity is 3 times 1024m3 and the carrier density at transparentis 14 times 1024m3 In the SOA new optical sidebands withdifferent frequencies generated through the FWM effect andthe optical spectrum after SOA are shown in Figure 5

These optical signals are transmitted to the BSs and anytwo different frequencies can be chosen using tunalble optical


filter (TOF) which can be sent into photodiode (PD) togenerate electrical mm-wave Figures 6ndash8 show the opticalspectrum of mm-waves after the TOFs The frequencies of19323THz and 19325THz (120596119901 and 1205961198941198891198901199032) were filtered outusing TOF1 at the BS1 as shown in Figure 6 The frequenciesof 19325THz and 19329THz (1205961198941198891198901199031 and 120596119901) were filtered outusing TOF2 at the BS2 as shown in Figure 7The frequenciesof 19323THz and 19329THz (1205961198941198891198901199031 and 1205961198941198891198901199032) were filteredout using TOF3 at the BS3 as shown in Figure 8 Figures9ndash11 show the electrical spectrum ofmm-waves after the PDsAs demonstrated in Figure 9 the mm-wave signal with thefrequency 1205961198941198891198901199032 minus 120596119901 = 8120596119877119865 namely mm-wave signal withthe frequency of 20 GHz has been obtained Similarly themm-wave signal with the frequency 1205961198941198891198901199031 minus 120596119901 = 16120596119877119865namely mm-wave signal with the frequency of 40 GHz hasbeen obtained as shown in Figure 10 The mm-wave signalwith the frequency1205961198941198891198901199032minus1205961198941198891198901199031 = 24120596119877119865 namely mm-wavesignal with the frequency of 40 GHz has been obtained asshown in Figure 11 From Figures 9ndash11 we can see that themm-wave signals with frequency of 20 GHz 40 GHz and60 GHz have very high spectral purity In the simulation thepeak power of the RF signal is dropped by almost 60dB afterTOF and the reason is that a rectangular filter is used

Figures 12ndash14 show the bit error rate (BER) and eyediagrams performances of the ROF systemwith the proposedmultiple-frequency mm-wave signals generation at differentfiber distances of BTB 20 and 40 km It shows that eyesbecome narrow as the distance increases which is inducedby the high-order chromatic dispersion and noise of the fiberwhile the eye diagrams still remain open even after beingtransmitted over 40 km optical fiber This proves that theproposed optical mm-wave signal does not suffer from thebit walk-off effect caused by the chromatic dispersion Thereason is that the data signal is modulated onto one opticaltone and the other tone keeps constant amplitude and phaseso the bit walk-off effect is eliminated although the time delaydifference between the two optical tones caused by the fiberdispersion increases linearly

4 Conclusion

In this paper a ROF system supporting multiband wirelessaccess using frequency multiplication technique has beenproposed and demonstrated The proposed scheme utilizes aDP-MZM and an SOA The signal and pump has been gen-erated by properly adjusting the parameters of the DP-MZMThe coupled signal and pump through the fiber then inputthe SOA In SOA new converted signals are generated due tofour-wave mixing effect After optical filtering two differentfrequencies can be chosen which can be sent in to photo-diode (PD) to generate the optical mm-wave with 8-tupling16-tupling or 24-tupling of the RF signal frequencyThemm-wave signals with the frequencies of 20 40 and 60 GHz byusing 25GHz RF signal have been generated for differentBSs by simulaiton and eye diagrams performances of the25 Gbits modulated signals have been measuredThe simu-lation results show that the signals have good performanceeven after 40 km optical fiber transmission Because themultiple-frequency mm-wave signals are generated adopting

the proposed scheme this method is a promising candidateto enhance the capacity of ROF system

Data Availability

All data are included within the manuscript

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (Grant nos 61701180 11647135and 11704119) the Natural Science Foundation of HunanProvince (Grant nos 2016JJ6097 2017JJ3212 and 2018JJ3325)and Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial EducationDepartment (Grant nos 17C0957 17C0945)

References

[1] C Lim A Nirmalathas M Bakaul et al ldquoFiber-wirelessnetworks and subsystem technologiesrdquo Journal of LightwaveTechnology vol 28 no 4 pp 390ndash405 2010

[2] Y Xiao and J Yu ldquoNovel 60 GHz RoF systemwith optical singlesideband mm-wave signal generation and wavelength reuse foruplink connectionrdquo Optics Communications vol 285 no 3 pp229ndash232 2012

[3] Z Jia J Yu and G-K Chang ldquoA full-duplex radio-over-fibersystem based on optical carrier suppression and reuserdquo IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters vol 18 no 16 pp 1726ndash1728 2006

[4] J Zhou X Feng Y Wang Z Li and B-O Guan ldquoDual-wavelength single-frequency fiber laser based on FP-LD injec-tion locking for millimeter-wave generationrdquo Optics amp LaserTechnology vol 64 pp 328ndash332 2014

[5] Z Deng and J Yao ldquoPhotonic generation of microwave signalusing a rational harmonic mode-locked fiber ring laserrdquo IEEETransactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques vol 54 no2 pp 763ndash767 2006

[6] J Yu Z Jia L Yi Y Su G-K Chang and T Wang ldquoOpticalmillimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using externalmodulatorsrdquo IEEE Photonics Technology Letters vol 18 no 1pp 265ndash267 2006

[7] Jianjun Yu Ming-Fang Huang Zhensheng Jia Lin Chen Jian-Guo Yu and Gee-Kung Chang ldquoPolarization-InsensitiveAll-Optical Upconversion for Seamless Integration OpticalCoreMetroAccess Networks With ROF Systems Based on aDual-Pump FWM Schemerdquo Journal of Lightwave Technologyvol 27 no 14 pp 2605ndash2611 2009

[8] J Yu Z Jia T Wang and G K Chang ldquoCentralized LightwaveRadio-Over-Fiber System with Photonic Frequency Quadru-pling for High-Frequency Millimeter-Wave Generationrdquo IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters vol 19 no 19 pp 1499ndash1501 2007

[9] J Lu Z Dong L Chen J Yu and S Wen ldquoHigh-repetitivefrequency millimeter-wave signal generation using multi-cascaded external modulators based on carrier suppressiontechniquerdquo Optics Communications vol 281 no 19 pp 4889ndash4892 2008


[10] Z Zhu S Zhao X Chu and Y Dong ldquoOptical generation ofmillimeter-wave signals via frequency 16-tupling without anoptical filterrdquo Optics Communications vol 354 pp 40ndash47 2015

[11] T Wang H Chen M Chen J Zhang and S Xie ldquoHigh-spectral-puritymillimeter-wave signal optical generationrdquo Jour-nal of Lightwave Technology vol 27 no 12 pp 2044ndash2051 2009

[12] Q Chang H Fu and Y Su ldquoSimultaneous generation andtransmission of downstream multiband signals and upstreamdata in a bidirectional radio-over-fiber systemrdquo IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters vol 20 no 3 pp 181ndash183 2008

[13] Z Jia J Yu Y-T Hsueh et al ldquoMultiband signal generation anddispersion-tolerant transmission based on photonic frequencytripling technology for 60-GHz radio-over-fiber systemsrdquo IEEEPhotonics Technology Letters vol 20 no 17 pp 1470ndash1472 2008

[14] Y-T Hsueh Z Jia H-C Chien A Chowdhury J Yu andG-K Chang ldquoMultiband 60-GHz wireless over fiber accesssystem with high dispersion tolerance using frequency triplingtechniquerdquo Journal of Lightwave Technology vol 29 no 8 pp1105ndash1111 2011

[15] J P R Lacey M A Summerfield and S J Madden ldquoTunabilityof polarization-insensitive wavelength converters based onfour-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiersrdquo Journalof Lightwave Technology vol 16 no 12 pp 2419ndash2427 1998

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Advances inPhysical Chemistry


RotatingMachinery



Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2018

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom


Data

SOAFiber OSOC

TOF1

TOF2

TOF3

BS1

CS PD1

BS2

PD2

BS3

PD3

IL

MZM

+4-4

PS

MZM-b

MZM-a

RF

LD


Figure 1 The principle of multiple-frequency optical mm-wave signals generation using DP-MZM and FWM in SOA for ROF system LDlaser diode MZM Mach-Zehnder modulator OC optical coupler OS optical splitter SOA semiconductor optical amplifier TOF tunableoptical filter and PD photodio

Data

SOAFiber OSOC

TOF1

TOF2

TOF3

BS1Central Station

PD1

BS2

PD2

BS3

PD3

IL

MZM

+4-4

PS

LDMZM-b

MZM-a

RF


User

EALO

filter

User

EALO

filter

User

EALO

filter

Figure 2 ROF architecture with multiband signals based on frequency octupling and FWM in SOA for multiple BSs

Recently some schemes for simultaneously generatingmultiband signals were reported [12ndash14] Multiband sig-nals generation including baseband frequency-doubled andfrequency-quadrupled has proposed based on a dual-parallelMach-Zehnder modulator following a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator through optical carrier suppression andfrequency-shifting techniques [12] A scheme with multi-band generation is proposed using two cascade MZMs togenerate a DSB optical signal [13] Anthoer scheme withmultiband generation is proposed to generate an opticalcarrier suppression signal using two cascade MZMs [14]However the multiple high-repetitive frequency mm-wavesignals generation for the ROF system is seldom reportedalthough it is considered very worthwhile for further studies

In this paper we propose a ROF system with 20GHz 40GHzand 60GHz based on based on frequency octupling andFWM techniques to providing multiband mm-wave wirelessaccess In our proposed multiband wireless accesses a lowfrequency RF oscillator and a DP-MZM are required inthe CS which makes the CS cost-efficient In our proposedmultiband wireless accesses since data is carried on one ofthe two sidebands SSB like mm-wave format is transmittedover fiber and amplitude fading and bit walk-off effect causedby chromatic dispersion are reduced greatly Multiband mm-waves carrying same data are generated at BSs after beatingfrequency which can provide the same data to every user

This paper is organized as follows the principle andtheoretically analysis for the proposedmultiband ROF access



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1198641199001199061199051 (119905)= 119864119894119899 (119905)10(11989620) [

12 exp(119895120587

119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198871119881120587119863119862)

+ 12 exp(119895120587119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198872119881120587119863119862)]

(1)




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1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 ))(2)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905)= 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120573 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 + 120601))(3)



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20GHz mm wave(e)



1198641199001199061199051 (t) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)]+ cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593)]

(4)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601)]+ cos [(1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593 + 120601))]

(5)


1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos (2119899120596119877119865119905) (6)

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos 2119899 (120596119877119865119905 + 1205872 )(7)


119864119900119906119905 = 1198641199001199061199051 (t) + 1198641199001199061199052 (t)= 11986401198694 (120573) [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905 + cos (1205960 + 4120596119877119865) 119905] (8)



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40353025

60555045

201510

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-log(

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40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)





(9)


1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)



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60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery







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)



1198641199001199061199051 (119905)= 119864119894119899 (119905)10(11989620) [

12 exp(119895120587

119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198871119881120587119863119862)

+ 12 exp(119895120587119881119877119865 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)119881120587 + 119895120587 1198811198872119881120587119863119862)]

(1)




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1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 ))(2)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905)= 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120573 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 + 120601))(3)



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20GHz mm wave(e)



1198641199001199061199051 (t) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)]+ cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593)]

(4)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601)]+ cos [(1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593 + 120601))]

(5)


1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos (2119899120596119877119865119905) (6)

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos 2119899 (120596119877119865119905 + 1205872 )(7)


119864119900119906119905 = 1198641199001199061199051 (t) + 1198641199001199061199052 (t)= 11986401198694 (120573) [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905 + cos (1205960 + 4120596119877119865) 119905] (8)



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40353025

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201510

5

-log(

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40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)





(9)


1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)



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60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery







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Bm)



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1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 ))(2)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905)= 1198640 (119905)2 cos(1205960119905 + 120587119881119877119865119881120587 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601))

+ cos(1205960119905 + 120573 cos(120596119877119865119905 + 1205871198811198871119881120587 + 120601))(3)



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20GHz mm wave(e)



1198641199001199061199051 (t) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)]+ cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593)]

(4)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601)]+ cos [(1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593 + 120601))]

(5)


1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos (2119899120596119877119865119905) (6)

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos 2119899 (120596119877119865119905 + 1205872 )(7)


119864119900119906119905 = 1198641199001199061199051 (t) + 1198641199001199061199052 (t)= 11986401198694 (120573) [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905 + cos (1205960 + 4120596119877119865) 119905] (8)



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40353025

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201510

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-log(

BER)


40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)





(9)


1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)



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60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery






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20GHz mm wave(e)



1198641199001199061199051 (t) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579)]+ cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593)]

(4)


1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 121198640 (119905) cos [1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120579 + 120601)]+ cos [(1205960119905 + 120573 cos (120596119877119865119905 + 120593 + 120601))]

(5)


1198641199001199061199051 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos (2119899120596119877119865119905) (6)

1198641199001199061199052 (119905) = 1198640 cos (1205960119905)sdot 1198690 (120573) + 2

infinsum119899=1

(minus1)119899 1198692119899 (120573) cos 2119899 (120596119877119865119905 + 1205872 )(7)


119864119900119906119905 = 1198641199001199061199051 (t) + 1198641199001199061199052 (t)= 11986401198694 (120573) [cos (1205960 minus 4120596119877119865) 119905 + cos (1205960 + 4120596119877119865) 119905] (8)



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40353025

60555045

201510

5

-log(

BER)


40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)





(9)


1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)



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60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery






1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(d)

40353025

60555045

201510

5

-log(

BER)


40GHz mm wave


40GHz mm wave(e)





(9)


1198681198611198781 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865119905) cos (8120596119877119865119905)

(10)



1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


8

6

4

2

0

(d)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

-log(

BER)


60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery






1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(a)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(b)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


(c)

1

08

06

04

02

0

Am

plitu

de (a

u)


8

6

4

2

0

(d)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

-log(

BER)


60GHz mm wave


60GHz mm wave(e)



1198681198611198782 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (16120596119877119865119905)

(11)

1198681198611198783 (119905) = 120583 1003816100381610038161003816119864119900119906119905 (119905)10038161003816100381610038162asymp 120583 |119889 (119905)|2 1198644011986924 (120573) 119903 (8120596119877119865) cos (24120596119877119865119905)

(12)









4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery








4 Conclusion



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References




















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery















Shock and Vibration





Volume 2018














Geophysics



Volume 2018




Volume 2018






Journal of

Chemistry




RotatingMachinery





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