a review: significant of res for 21 century and cost ... · a review: significant of res for 21 st...

A Review: Significant of RES for 21st Century and

Cost-Efficiency Based SWT/ Solar Interconnection Topologies Pertaining to

Micro Grids

1P. CHANDRA BABU 2Dr. B. Venkata Prasanth 3Dr. P. Sujatha

Ph.D Scholar Professor & HOD EEE Dept. Professor, Dept. of EEE

JNTU Anantapuram QISCET, Ongole JNTU Anantapuram

Abstract:

This article presents an analysis of different topologies suitable for small and medium scale power

generation at distribution level with solar/wind energy sources and need of utilizing renewable energy

source (RES). This review article covers the essentiality in utilisation of nonconventional energy resources

against of carbon emission (CO2), Nuclear Power dependency and future importance towards global

warming (21st century), statistical comparison of different RE sources utilisation in the world. Simple

overview of developing trends in wind generation, Need of small wind turbines (SWT) implementation and

different solar power conversion topologies in cost competitive and efficiency point of view. This

investigation gives the scope for hybrid small power generation unit’s implementation for smart cultivation

in agriculture, cost effective power generation capability in domestic/ small scale industries grid connected

or standalone mode and effective operation of hybrid electric drives. Some power quality issues under grid

connected mode of operation are also discussed in this article.

Index Terms _ Module integrated converters (MIC), switching frequency modulation (SFM), small wind

turbines (SWT), renewable energy source (RES), Carbon emission (CO2).

I. INTRODUCTION

Carbon emission (CO2) is one of the biggest reason among the so many reasons for died off aquatic life

and land based life. Especially in the china, it has been burning more coal which effects their local fields, crops

and people with soot. In 2017, global emission of co2 from fossil fuels and industry will rise by 2% in china [1].

It is not only china but also in U.S and European Union, in this scenario they are fails to meet their goals towards

reducing co2 .in India carbon emission was steadily increasing which about 6% a year, if the same strategy is

continues in the world by 2100 year (huge spike in co2) the world may dangerously close to a “threshold of

catastrophe” which leads environmental instability and mass die-off [2]

Essentiality in utilisation of nonconventional energy resources in the against of co2 reduction a lot of

literature survey was available in online, in recent years nuclear power generation is increased rather than

renewable energy power generation [3] See the figure 1, is ‘total primary energy supply’ (TPES) in the world

according to International Energy Agency (IEA) 2017 report [3]. Nuclear power generation is increasing going

on year by year compare to other sources (different renewable energy sources Includes geothermal, solar, wind,

tide/wave/ocean, heat and other). In 1973 nuclear and RES energy utilisation are 0.9% and 0.1% respectively,

when coming to 2015 according to iea data those are 4.9% and 1.5%, percentage in increasing nuclear is more

than RES.

Fig. 1 pie chart of 1973 and 2015 fuel shares of TPES in the world [3]

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 10 2018, 231-245ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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When coming to climatic conditions is nuclear power saves the climate means, we can confidently say

no [4], even though it is free from global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission like co2. According to ‘World

Information Service on Energy’ (WISE) international report from 2014 onwards nuclear power contribution is

increases 1.6% , which mitigate co2 about 4.7 %, in 2050 it may maximum 3.8 to 6.8% only but by 2060 all

currently operating nuclear power plant (NPP’s) will be closed down due to reaching end of their operational life

time. The life time of NPP is 40 to 50 years only so definitely reconstruction could be required but is not an easy

task due to massive cost, large time period, scarcity in uranium resources, health hazards, even though if you put

the efforts to erection the plant again reconstruction is required by 2100 year. Nuclear plant free from co2 but

discharges substantial amount of number of fission products like krypton-85( a radioactive noble gas) which gives

unpredictable effects in weather like earth heat balance, precipitation balance, smog formation, workers and

community health issues due to radiation [5] it is not much encourageable.

To reduce global warming or tropospheric ozone, searching for other alternatives are mandatory for

electricity generation. By scientifically comparing nuclear with RES these are not consume any fuels or other

materials for generation of electricity like nuclear, thermal power plants etc., especially solar and wind energy

sources are good alternatives for green power generation[6].international growth in price of natural gas, oil and

its restrictions RES are best alternatives and also these are inexhaustible. See fig 2 in this regards India having

least 3% only compare to remaining, a slow growth has been observed from 1998-2008 and it shows the need of

government initiation to improve RES power generation.

Fig. 2 Role of countries in Renewable Energy Generation

Source: international energy agency (https://www.iea.org/statistics)

In available RE sources Solar and wind energy technologies are best and compliment to each other

because of dependent on weather international energy agency conditions see fig. 3, wind and solar energy

availability from January month to December in the world north, east, west, south and north east, so combination

of both solar and wind operation are reliable up to sateen power ratings and cost effective [7-9]. Hybrid operation

of this two with battery storage was attractive operation in remote location, radio telecommunication and satellite

earth stations for electricity generation [9-11].

Fig. 3 Annual cycle of power from (left) a one sq. mm PV panel and (right) a 2MW wind turbine [14]

China6%

United States

3%

Brazil17%

Canada15%

India3%

Germany7%

Russia4%

Japan4%

Norway23%

Italy11%

Pakistan7%

Other45%

Top 11 countries Role in Renewable Energy Generation

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

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This review article presents the necessity of utilising renewable energy sources in power generation and

future importance towards global warming (21st century) rather than fossil fuels, selection of solar-wind

conversion system for small/medium power application, need of hybrid operation (state of art) and microgrids

topologies. In addition different power quality issues in microgrids.

II. SOLAR/ WIND ENERGY CONVERSION TOPOLOGIES.

This chapter mainly concentrated on suitability of wind and solar energy conversion topologies for

domestic/ small scale industries/ agriculture purposes in cost effective and efficiency point of view.

1. Wind Energy Conversion Topologies

a). Statistical Data on wind power generation

In available RES, wind energy having rapid growth, in last one decade onwards average growth rate in

wind plants installation reaches around 30% [14,15] end of 2006 report. According to international energy agency

considered top 11 countries the total wind power generation is 14.68% compare to total RE power generation up

to 2015 report, 64 GW was the highest record in 2015. The global growth rate in 2015 of 17.2% was higher than

in 2014 (16.4%).Denmark produced 42% of its electricity from wind turbines in 2015, the highest figure yet

recorded worldwide. In Germany wind power contributed a new record of 13% of the country’s power

consumption in 2015.With current policy plans, global wind capacity could grow from 435 GW in 2015 to 977

GW in 2030 (905 GW onshore and 72 GW offshore wind). The global leaders in wind power as at end-2015 are

China, the US, Germany, India and Spain. See the figure 4 global wide wind energy contribution.

Source: BTM Navigant (2015)

Figure 4 global wide wind energy contribution of different countries.

Offshore wind energy generation restricted to some level only due to so many reasons (exp. climatic,

wind turbine design etc.) unlike solar market, in India and some other countries it is too low because cost

competitive is one of the reason [16], this context shows the essentiality in comparison of different wind energy

conversion system. For increasing wind power, design alteration is very important in small wind turbines (SWT)

than large because LWT design research almost reaching the end of research compared with solar farms.

Especially for fast implementing in domestic/industries/agriculture a necessary technology alteration research is

required

In resent alteration of wind turbine design and power electronic converters increase the hop on wind

mills implementation. In distribution level the availability of wind is low so that SWT design implementation is

only opportunity and in aim of getting best efficiency with low cost and high performance SWT are

preferable[17,21]. Last 5 years these market trend has increased 20%, this graph may continue in an increasing

order with annual installation in the world [17,18] for a period 2015-2020, at present china, US,UK and Denmark

are the leaders in SWT erection and manufacturing capacity see fig 4.


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Figure 5 The installed/predicted SWT for the period of 2020 [18]

b) Classification of SWT

According to IEC – International electrotechnical commission standard 61400 part-2:2006 a wind turbine having

rotor swept area ≤ 200 m2 called as small wind turbine (SWT),which gives small power generation [19]. It can also classify

based on rated power ranges as

1. 1-15 kw for residential generation

2. 15-70 kw for small commercial generation

According to turbine axis SWT are two classified as two groups

1) Horizontal –axis SWT (HASWT’s)

2) Vertical axis SWT ( VASWT’s)

The power generation by the wind turbine can be write as

Pm = ½ ρAV3CP -------------- (1)

= Pw Cp

Cp max = Pm / Pw -------------------(2)

Ware, ρ = air density (kg/m3), V = wind speed (m/s), CP = Rotor power coefficient &

A = (rsp) rotor swept area (m2)

= πR2 (for HAWT) or πRH (for VAWT),

In both wind turbine conditions maximum power (CP max) directly proportional to Pm (mechanical power on rotor

shaft) & inversely proportional to Pw (power of wind content in the virtual stream tube) from equation 2, so the maximum

power depends on ‘Cp’. It is not constant which function of rotor tip speed ratio ( λ ) and blade pitch angle ( β ) but

if you maintain constant pitch angle in case of SWT, then ‘β’ is constant,

⸫ Max power equation is CP = CP ( λ ) ------------------------- (3)

Rotor tip speed ratio λ = 𝑤𝑅

𝑉 ware w is rotor speed, R is rotor radius (m) and V is wind speed.

From the above equations if wind speed is high λ is low, gives low Cp due to β is constant leads Pm is low so SWT should not

use under high wind speed, which are effective for low and medium wind speed applications i.e at domestic or agriculture or

industrial areas. Different types of HASWT and VASWT are shown in fig 6 and comparisons are mention in table-I

Figure 6 Different topologies of SWTs

(a) an HASWT (b) a VASWT with a Savonius rotor (c) a VASWT with a Darrieus H-shaped rotor and (d) a VASWT

with a Darrieus rotor and helix-shaped blades.


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Source : [(a) courtesy of www.swind.pl; (b) and (c) courtesy of www.solar-constructions.com; and (d) courtesy of

www.vwtpower.com.]

Table 1. Assessment of various SWT rotor designs, rated rotor parameters: Vr = 8m/s and Pr = 5kW. Approximate data for

rotors optimized for mean long-term wind speed of circa 4m/s.

According to IEC 61400-2 standard, for IV class WT

From the above comparative table HASWT configuration has well in balance dynamic performance, efficiency and

cost gives high market share, on the other hand in VASWT possibility to arrange generator and gear box at ground level gives

low nice, high safety and less counter wait on rotor shaft but due to low efficiency these have less market share than HASWT

how ever in recent years a small design modifications in turbine of fig 6 (d) VASWT i.e. implement 2 blades helical/ spiral

WT, these are also more popular used in urban environment due to its unique advantage of self-start capability.[17,20].the

most SWT available rated values in market are from 5kw to 50kw, a common available range is 10kw, majority design and

built in UK[21] only.

c) Generator Topologies

Figure 7 block diagram of a typical SWT.

A model configuration of a grid connected PMSG driven from SWT shown in fig.7, usually low speed permanent

magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) are preferred for SWT application rather than many other generators, the

efficiency is more than induction generators because of no gear box requirement so zero gear power losses[22]

In designing point of view PMSG are classified as

1. Radial Flux PM machines (RFPM)

2. Axial Flux PM machines (AFPM)

3. Transversal Flux PM machines (TFPM)

The main problem in PMSG designing point of view is cogging torque, which effect the efficiency of PMSG at

very small wind velocity, different PMSG designing advantages have been discussed in reference [21-24]. In

cogging point only Axial flux PM machines are advantages compared to other, it having low cogging torque,

noise, axial length and simple winding [16], otherwise prefer RFPM machine. Comparison of different trends of

WG according to market penetration are discussed in Table –II for 2 MW power generation.


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Table –II statistical data related to different wind generators [16]

From the above table, five direct driven topologies PMSG direct driven has the highest energy yield than other

and energy yield/cost point of view PMSG-1G (single gear box) gives better performance than PMSG DD. The

performance of PMSG is increased and cost is decreasing in recent years, which makes variable speed PMSG DD

with full scale power convertor gives more attractive for small range of wind power generation.

d) Converter Topologies

Fig. 8 a) block diagram of WPG connection system b) dc grid based wind power generation (WPG) system in a microgrids

SWT’s are connected directly or through converters at the utility grids. So much of literature survey available

on the speed control techniques and devices to enhance the power control capability. There are several type of

inverters topologies are available for WT installation such are

1. PWM- VSI converters

2. PWM- VSI matrix converters

3. Back to Back PWM VSI for bidirectional operation

Diode rectifier based converter

topology Back to back converter based wind turbine

generator system Matrix converter based wind turbine generator

system

DC BUS


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Figure 9 Different converter configurations suitable to PMSG

In above figure 9 shows different converter modals suitable to PMSG, but from resent years boost

converters utilisation is increased in wind and solar energy conversion systems see fig. 8, its suitable to all cases

to achieve required currents, voltages and frequencies, a common DC link was implemented with boost converter

which boosted the voltage to required voltage (which is higher than grid line voltage) and the power flow of the

grid side converter is controlled in order to maintain the DC- link voltage constant, while the control of the

generator in SWT is set to suit the magnetization demand and the reference speed. In above configurations matric

converter is efficient because of ‘it consists only of active components on the power part where the others consist

of passive components too’, [45] but in recent years the trend in converter implementation is changed, hybrid

operation of wind, solar and battery is increased to meet the load demands and power quality. Figure 8 shows the

new trend in energy management and conversion for SWT/ LWT applications. This construction decreases the

need to synchronize the frequency, voltage and phase, minimise the need for multiple inverters at the generation

side and gives flexibility in plug and play connection of SWG’s to the dc bus/grid. The presence of the dc grid

gives the feasibility to use dc loads more, which increase the efficiently by reducing another ac/dc conversion.

[28,29, 30].

2. Solar Energy Conversion Topologies

a). Statistical Data on Solar power generation

Utilisation of photovoltaic (PV) panels in power generation at utility grid side is increasing more and

more due to many incentives providing in every country in the world [30] in recent years this trend is increased

in India. Continuous reduction in cost of PV panels, upgrade in converter technology, fitting charges and

availability in man power solar panel installation increased in distribution system also. Compare to wind PV

technology has more potential and plays a major role than other RES, in future power generation wind-solar are

friendly to adopt from small to large power ratings. A lot of survey data available about the several types of PV

technologies, cell construction & fitting. An ample of scope is available for solar power generation in India due

to geographical conditions, the available solar irradiation in India is 3000h sunshine is equal to more than 5000

TU (trillion KWH)[31], by 2020 India plan to install 20,000MW solar power plants at different states under

national solar mission ( ministry of new renewable energy 204) there are several solar panel technology in that

“Cdte solar modules can generation higher electricity” [31].

Source: REN21 (2016) Figure 10 Top Solar PV capacity in 2014 and additions in 2015

Generator PV power is in DC which is not directly connected to grid, a power electronics based

converters are require between PV array/ module and grid/ load. In recent years different converter topologies and

algorithms are introduced to get the maximum power by tracking. See fig. 11 a modal solar plant connection.


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Figure 11Schematic diagram of solar plant.

b) PV Modules Connection Topologies.

To make wind energy conversion as cost effective and efficient, moderation of wind turbine with suitable

generator design is much important than converter for small wind velocity operation but in case of solar the power

generation is small from each module so in solar converter configuration/ design plays much important in cost

and efficiency point. A common point in both cases is adopting maximum power point tracking system, these

MPPT system adopted in firing angle control circuit of a converter.

Inverter and module plays a major role in plant efficiency/ PV system efficiency.

Total system efficiency (ηsy) = total PV efficiency (ηPV) * total inverter efficiency (ηinv) ------ (4)

In equation efficiency of PV module depends on output power and solar irradiation. Irradiation depends

on geographical location, tilt angle, panel temperature, and cell size and cell material [29].second one is inverter

efficiency depends on ratio of ac power generation (Pac) to dc power generation (Pdc) when connected to AC

supply/ grid.

ηinv = Pac

Pdc---------------- (5)

So converter / inverter switching and control technologies plays a key role to get high efficiency

New inverter configurations ware continuously developed [32-34], for roof top and ground based PV

system implementation inverters are classified

1. Central inverters

2. String inverters

3. Module integrated inverters

4. Multi string inverters.

In view of cost and efficiency thyristor-based inverters are replaced by force commutated inverters using

IGBTs in all configurations.

(a) Central Inverter (b) String Inverter ( c) Module Inverter (d)Multi-String Inverter

Figure 12 Grid-connected Schematic representation of different PV inverter structures

PV MODULE

M.S

INVER

TER


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Case-I

In above 4 configurations, first configuration one inverter is connected by all parallel strings, due to one

common inverter usage poor reliability was achieved so it is not encourageable for above 10KWP.

Case-II

In second configuration each string was associated with a specific inverter, which are operated in parallel

and interlinked to AC bus, in this there is a possibility to use a separate MPPT for each string to get maximum

power but if any string inverter voltage and frequency not matched to AC bus it will desynchronised/ disconnected

unless until a good FACTs controller (DVR,D-STATCOMS, UPQC,IPFC) is used between the ac lines and grid,

there is also possibility to interface a energy storage device[29,35,45]

Case-III

In third configuration it is compliment to first case, hear each PV module in a string are individually

connected to one inverter, which is very costlier not applicable for large solar plants and overall efficiency also

low [29, 35 -37].These can be overcome by DC-DC converter i.e if all modules are associated with individual dc-

dc converter and synchronise with common dc bus, then use one DC/AC converter for connect AC grid. It is

Suitable for small power applications also.

Case-IV

In fourth configuration, each PV string is accompanying to respective DC- DC converter and at the end

all are connected to ac grid through 3 phase inverter rather than each module- converter connection. These are

presently adopted in PV market due to combine advantages of case II and III [29].there is a possibility to adopt

an individual MPPT to each PV string, we can take maximum power so overall efficiency is increase.in this

configuration a dc bus was available so no frequency problems in synchronisation of an array. If any voltage of

PV string is low, that can overcome by the help of storage device placed in DC bus.

III. GRID INTERCONNECTION TOPOLOGIES

Wind and solar power generation can be operated either isolated mode or grid connected mode with a

help of different converter and controller configurations. A large scope is available for research on this topic

towards the wind/ solar conversion, interconnection and maintain power quality at grids. Generally micro grids

corresponding to distributed energy resources (DES) connection 3 modes of operation are available.[42,46]

1. AC micro grid alone

2. DC Micro grid alone

3. Hybrid Micro Grid

Hybrid system is popular word in all science and engineering domains. Hybrid means a way of

organizing, working or performing a task with composing of at least two different systems. For low power

applications hybrid micro grid are easy, cost effective and efficient, hear both ac and dc grids are combined

operated and corresponding loads are also connected.it gives the advantages of both ac, dc micro grids.


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Figure 13 Hybrid Micro Grid

a) Grid connection requirements

In view of more wind speed and space offshore WE conversion is more attractive than on shore wind

energy conversion system but for local generation wind speed is moderate or low so suitable SWT’s

implementation is must. In case of solar it is suitable only climatic conditions i.e. availability of irradiation, so

there is no issue implement from large to small power applications. See figure 13 new trend in operation of RES

and loads at micro grid interconnection system. [42-43]. It is one of the best method for small and medium power

generation. For implementation of solar/SWT energy conversion at distribution level grid integration one focal

challenge is synchronisation, more sensitive loads are very near to distribution generators (DG’S) which may

damage for voltage oscillations.

The main problems in grid connection can be précised as follows [44]

Active and Reactive Power Control,

Protection of wind generator and PV panel from through faults and environment conditions

Voltage and frequency control,

Energy management between the storage devise and DES

Power quality, for example flickers and harmonics,

Harmonics elimination and filtering implementation [41]

Fault ride-through capability.

Monitoring and controlling of above issues are always major requirements in grid interconnection or isolation

mode of operation [16, 25-27]

b) Solar (PV) inverter topologies.

Grid connected PV system overall efficiency mainly depends on type of converter and synchronisation.

Synchronisation to dc bus have not much losses than ac bus because it require two converters dc-dc and dc-ac

converters, reduces overall efficiency, it is a case for solar power generation only not in wind. If wind point of

view always wind velocity is varies for that covert ac to dc is best to synchronisation.

For grid connection 2 modes are available one is conventional i.e. electrical isolation with transformer,

efficient for less than 10KW and second is converter directly connected to grid i.e transformer less operation.

Which gives high efficiency than conventional [29].see figure


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Figure 14 Volume, Efficiency and Weight Assessment of Different PV Inverters [29]

Various topologies of transformer less PV inverter are classified and explained in reference [29], for

reliability, protection and conversion efficiency all topologies are not acceptable conditions. A few technics like

3 full bridge with split capacitor (3FBSC) and Highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) are

acceptable, remaining are not satisfied the conditions of transformer less topology[27,30,32,38]

The main disadvantage of above topology i.e. inject dc current components in ac current at main grid,

which effects the loads connected to the same grid [39,40] for low power applications these technique is not

affordable especially at distribution level. In distribution system DES are near to loads so it will highly effected

by dc components.

c) Recent trends suitable to PV and SWT usage

Cost-effective and efficiency a novel PV Module integrating Converter was implemented [46], for dc

standalone and dc microgrids applications it is suitable for boosting voltages, With Irradiation based adaptive

PVMIC technique gives one way of solution for above problem, a Switching frequency mode (SFM) of a boost

converter (designed by MOSFET) selects based on an irradiance of a PV cell by a Micro Controller. This technics

will also suitable for SWT power control on DC bus side which gives high efficiency with low switching losses,

it increases conversion efficiency. This resent technique will give optimum number of switching frequencies, with

its effective control methodology maintain power quality also.

a) PV module integration to dc micro grid b) Efficiency at particular irradiance values

Micro control have sateen limitations in increase the speed of sensing operation and more devises

interfacing, which can overcome by use of micro python board. It is also a new trend in implementing in wind-

solar hybrid systems. Micro Python- pyboard is a compact electronic board with low level python software which

will be adapted and management every kind of electronic devises, Simply it is “more powerful than Arduino,

simpler than the Raspberry Pi”.[47]

The configuration and USB feature of the board gives flexibility for human interface device

We can connect any type of sensor/device (game-pad, speakers, key board, LED, mouse, etc.) and

controls by PC/ Computing Device.

Limited lines of Python code gives more advantage than other

With this board, possibility to give powers to 4 motors and control.


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It run inside 256k of code area and 16k of RAM

CONCLUSION

This article reviewed the different SWT and Solar module connection concepts, need of SWT at

distribution level and possible generator types, also discuss the necessity of RES for 21st century. In this paper

different wind turbine generators suitable to SWT, discussion of PV interconnection converter topologies,

converter efficiency’s for attractive grid connection operations and different microgrids availability are presented.

Recent trends in PV modules inter connection suitable to distribution level are analysed, this discussion

will make Nano and micro grids operation effectively and reliably to meet the modern dc load demands like

LED’s, air conditioners, washing dryers, CFL, laptops, etc.

The recent trends in wind energy conversion and control techniques are briefed, resent trends in SFM

can boosting the voltage on DC bus side to increase the conversion efficiency, some comparison criteria have also

been discussed. Advancement of micro controller with Micro python for flexible devices interfacing was

discoursed. Due to the increase in demand for applications of renewable energy sources, there is a continuing

research scope is available to reduce cost and improving the total efficiency of converters and SWT. The

converters control and operation of SWT at distribution level are subject to wide R&D.

Acknowledgment

The authors impressively acknowledge to late Dr.K.S.R.Anjaneyulu former OSD, R&D Director JNTU

Anatapuram, Dr. P. Sujatha ,Professor, Dr. B. Venkata Prasanth, Professor who inspired to carry research work,

without their support and guidance it is difficult to write this article. Author also thank full to management of BV

Raju institute of technology narsapr for giving facilities.

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Author Biography


243

Mr. P. Chandra Babu, graduated from QISCET, Under the affiliation of JNTUH, Hyderabad

A.P, India, in 2008. He obtained Master Degree from JNTUH, Hyderabad, India in 2013.

Currently, he is working as Asst. Professor at B. V. Raju Institute of Technology Narsapur

and he is working towards his Ph.D. degree in JNTUA, ANANTAPURAM. His research

interests include soft computing techniques, micro grids, distributed generation systems and

renewable energy sources.

2Dr. B. Venkata Prasanth is currently working as Professor and HOD in the Department of

Electrical and Electronics Engineering at QIS College of Engineering and Technology,

Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. Dr. Venkata Prasanth has received his Ph.D. (Electrical

Engineering) JNTU Hyderabad, India in 2009. He is a member of IEEE, 6 number of research

scholars are working under his guidance. He was organized many national and international

conferences and workshops in India. His areas of interest Include Power System Operation

& Control, Power Quality Improvement, Micro grids and Power Quality.

3Dr.P.Sujatha, is working as professor in JNTUA anathapuram, she have many research

papers published in national and international level. She hiving guidance to many Phd

researchers and put full efforts in get the successful results in completing the project. She

Worked as head of the department from Dec., 2012 to August, 2015 and Worked as NSS

program officer for one year, hear research interested are electrical power systems, power

quality, micro grids.


244

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