a review of canadian publications and impact in the natural sciences and engineering, 1996 to 2005...

A Review of Canadian Publications and Impact in the Natural Sciences

and Engineering, 1996 to 2005

OST Colloquium/Colloque

April 26, 2007

Barney LaciakNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du [email protected] (613) 996-1079

Canadian Research in Science and Engineering, 2005

Government10%

Universities38%

Industry52%

Total: $26.3 Billion

Research by All Sectors/Fields

Natural Sciences and Engineering

42%

Social Sciences and Humanities

21%

Health Sciences37%

University Research by Field

Total: $9.8 Billion

University Research in Science and Engineering by Funder

Other5%

Universities40%

Industry11%

NSERC16%

CFI/Other Federal

Organizations13%

Provincial Govt's15%

Total: $4.2 Billion

NSERC’s Reach(percentage of eligible population supported)

1,377 (11%)

1,969 (40%)

3,140 (35%)

9,069 (7%)

12,008 (30%)

11,210 (75%)

R&D Companies

Postdoctoral Fellows

Technicians/ResearchAssociates

Undergraduate Students

Master's/Doctoral Students

University Professors

Challenges Facing BibliometricsThe Next Ten Years

• Simple and brief

• Meaningful indicators and standardization

• Make people care beyond the academic community

• Attribution

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Clinical Medicine

Biomedical Sc.

Biology

Earth Sciences

Mathematics

Engineering

Physics

Chemistry

Source: Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies

Previous OST StudyNSERC-Funded Share of Canadian Publications by Discipline

1996-99 (%)

NSE

12,000

13,000

14,000

15,000

16,000

17,000

18,000

19,000

20,000

21,000

22,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

No

.

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

%

Publications (No.) World Share (%)

Source: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies

Number of Canadian Publications in the NSE and World Share


Number of Publications for Select Countries in the NSEand World Share, 2005

Rank Country Number % Rank Country Number %1 United States 138,503 29.6 17 Brazil 8,499 1.82 Japan 44,110 9.4 18 Sweden 8,290 1.83 China 42,117 9.0 19 Poland 8,100 1.74 Germany 40,803 8.7 20 Belgium 6,750 1.45 United Kingdom 34,974 7.5 21 Israel 5,266 1.16 France 31,758 6.8 22 Turkey 4,610 1.07 Canada 21,086 4.5 23 Denmark 4,441 0.98 Italy 20,854 4.5 24 Mexico 4,219 0.99 Russia 18,252 3.9 25 Austria 4,193 0.910 Spain 17,682 3.8 26 Finland 4,053 0.911 South Korea 15,381 3.3 27 Czech Republic 3,862 0.812 India 14,081 3.0 28 Singapore 3,639 0.813 Australia 12,796 2.7 29 Portugal 3,538 0.814 Netherlands 10,316 2.2 30 Greece 3,478 0.715 Switzerland 8,976 1.9 31 Argentina 3,238 0.716 Taiwan 8,836 1.9 32 Norway 3,047 0.7

U.S.U.K.

JapanGermany

CanadaFranceSweden

FinlandSwitzerlandAustralia

ItalyIndiaTaiwanBrazilSpain

South KoreaChina

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Change in World Share (%)

Change in World Share of NSE Publications2005 vs. 1996


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1996 1999 2002 2005

(%)

JapanChinaGermanyUnited KingdomFranceCanadaItalyRussiaSpainSouth Korea

World Share of Publications in the NSE for Select Countries


Distribution of Publications by Field, Canada and the World, 2005

11.4%

20.9%

19.9%8.5%

15.2%

3.2%

20.8%

Biology

BiomedicalResearchChemistry

Earth & SpaceSciencesEngineering

Mathematics

Physics

16.7%

23.5%

13.3%13.1%

14.8%

3.8%

14.8%

World Canada

Publications = 467,963 Publications = 21,086


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1996 1999 2002 2005

(%)

BiologyBiomedical ResearchChemistryEarth and Space ScienceEngineering and TechnologyMathematicsPhysics

World Share of Canadian Publications in the NSE by Discipline


0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Biology BiomedicalResearch

Chemistry Earth &Space Sci.

Engineering Mathematics Physics

Spec

iali

zati

on I

ndex

United States Japan Germany United Kingdom France Canada Italy


Specialization Index in the NSE for G7 Countries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1996 1999 2002 2005

(%)

University

Hospital

FederalGovernmentIndustry

ProvincialGovernmentOther

Share of Canadian Publications in the NSE by Sector


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

No

.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

%

Publications (No.) Canadian Share (%)


Number of Internationally Co-authored Canadian Publications in the NSE and Share of Canadian Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1996 1999 2002 2005

(%)

United KingdomGermanyFranceChinaJapanItalyRussiaAustraliaSpainNetherlands

Percenatge of Canadian Publications Internationally Co-authored for Top 10 Collaborative Countries after the U.S.


Performance Indicators

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.3

Switzer

landIsr

ael

United

Sta

tes

Nethe

rland

s

United

Kin

gdom

Singap

ore

Denm

ark

Germ

any

Canad

a

Sweden

Franc

e

Belgium

Austri

a

Spain

Italy

Norway

Austra

lia

Finlan

d

Taiwan

Japa

n

Greec

e

Portu

gal

Argen

tina

South

Kor

ea

Mex

ico

Brazil

China

Poland

Czech

Rep

ublicIn

dia

Turke

y

Russia

AR

IF

Sources: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies. Only includes countries with at least 3,000 publications in the NSE in 2005.

Average Relative Impact Factor (ARIF) in the NSE, 2005

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Biolog

y

Biomed

ical R

esea

rch

Chem

istry

Earth

& S

pace

Sci.

Engin

eerin

g

Mat

hem

atics

Physic

sNSE

AR

IF


Average Relative Impact Factor (ARIF) in the NSE by Field for Canada, 2005

16

84%

11

84%

6

91%

10

88%

14

82%

15

91%

8

88% 9

88%

x – Canada’s ARIF rank for top 32 countries

x% - % of the ARIF value of the top country

Chemistry

Physics

Engineering Mathematics

Biomedical Research

Earth and Space Sci.

Biology

SI = Specialization Index, ARIF = Average Relative Impact Factor.Source: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies

Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Field, 2001-2005

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

SI = Specialization Index, ARIF = Average Relative Impact Factor. Bubble size proportional to world share of publications in the subfield. Source: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies

Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Biology2001-2005

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Agriculture & Food Science

2. Botany

3. Dairy & Animal Sci.

4. Ecology

5. Entomology

6. General Biology

7. General Zoology

8. Marine Biology & Hydrobiology

9. Misc. Biology

10. Misc. Zoology1

2

5

4

7

10

8

6

9

3


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Biomedical Research, 2001-2005

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Anatomy & Morphology

2. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

3. Biomedical Engineering

4. Biophysics

5. Cellular Biology/Cytology/Histology

6. Embryology

7. General Biomedical Research

8. Genetics & Heredity

9. Microbiology

10. Microscopy

11. Misc. Biomedical Research

12. Nutrition & Dietetic

13. Parasitology

14. Physiology

15. Virology

1

2

5

14

4

7

1013

8

6

9

11

3

12

15


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Chemistry,2001-2005

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Analytical Chemistry

2. Applied Chemistry

3. General Chemistry

4. Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry

5. Organic Chemistry

6. Physical Chemistry

7. Polymers

12

5

4

7

6

3


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Earth and Space Sciences, 2001-2005

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Astronomy & Astrophysics

2. Earth & Planetary Science

3. Environmental Science

4. Geology

5. Meteorology & Atmospheric Sci.

6. Oceanography & Limnology

1

2

5

4

6

3


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Engineering, 2001-2005

-0.12

-0.10

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Aerospace Technology

2. Chemical Engineering

3. Civil Engineering

4. Computers

5. Electrical Eng. & Electronics

6. General Engineering

7. Industrial Engineering

8. Library & Information Sci.

9. Materials Science

10. Mechanical Engineering

11. Metals & Metallurgy

12. Misc. Engineering

13. Nuclear Technology

14. Operations Research

1

2

5

14

4710

13

8

6

911 3

12


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Mathematics, 2001-2005

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Applied Mathematics

2. General Mathematics

3. Miscellaneous Mathematics

4. Probability & Statistics

1

24

3


Canadian Specialization (SI) and Impact (ARIF) by Subfield, Physics2001-2005

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Log (SI)

Lo

g (

AR

IF)

1. Acoustics

2. Applied Physics

3. Chemical Physics

4. Fluids & Plasmas

5. General Physics

6. Misc. Physics

7. Nuclear & Particle Physics

8. Optics

9. Solid State Physics

12

5

4

7

8

6

9

3

05

101520253035404550556065

United

Sta

tes

Switzer

land

Nethe

rland

s

United

Kin

gdom

Franc

eIsr

ael

Denm

ark

Sweden

Belgium

Germ

any

Canad

a

Singap

ore

Finlan

dIta

ly

Austra

lia

Austri

a

Spain

Norway

Japa

n

Taiwan

Greec

e

South

Kor

ea

Portu

gal

Argen

tina

Brazil

China

Czech

Rep

ublic

Mex

icoIn

dia

Poland

Russia

Turke

y

No.

of

Su

bfi

eld

s A

RIF

>1

Source: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies.

Number of Subfields in the NSE with ARIF>1 by Country, 2001-2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

No

.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

%

Publications (No.) Share (%)

Source: Science Citation Index.

Number of Canadian Publications in the World’s Two MostPrestigious Science Journals, Nature and Science

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

United

Sta

tes

Switzer

land

United

Kin

gdom

Nethe

rland

s

Denm

ark

Austri

aIsr

ael

Canad

a

Sweden

Germ

any

Norway

Austra

lia

Franc

e

Japa

n

Finlan

d

BelgiumIta

ly

Argen

tina

Singap

ore

Mex

ico

Spain

Greec

eBra

zil

Czech

Rep

ublic

China

Russia

South

Kor

ea

Taiwan

Portu

galIn

dia

Poland

Turke

y

Sci

ence

an

d N

atu

re I

nd

ex

1. World share of Science and Nature publications by world share of natural science publications.

Source: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies, Science Citation Index.

Science and Nature Index1, 2001-2005

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

Biology BiomedicalResearch

Chemistry Earth &Space Sci.

Engineering Mathematics Physics

Top

10

Inde

x

Canada EA4 EU15 EU27 OECD U.S.

1. Percentage of publications in the top 10% of journals divided by percentage of world publications for the country in the field.

Top 10 Index1 in the NSE by Field, 2005


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Switzer

land

SwedenIsr

ael

Denm

ark

Singap

ore

Finlan

d

Norway

Canad

a

Belgium

Nethe

rland

s

Austra

lia

United

Kin

gdom

Austri

a

Franc

e

Germ

any

United

Sta

tes

Spain

Taiwan

Czech

Rep

ublic

Italy

Japa

n

South

Kor

ea

Greec

e

Poland

Russia

Portu

gal

Argen

tina

Turke

y

Brazil

Mex

ico

ChinaIn

dia

Pu

blic

atio

ns

per

1 m

illio

n in

hab

itan

ts

Sources: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies, OECD, 2005 CIA World Fact Book. Only includes countries with at least 3,000 articles in the NSE in 2005.

Per Capita Output of Publications in the NSE, 2005

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Switzer

land

Belgium

Denm

ark

Greec

e

Czech

Rep

ublic

Poland

United

Kin

gdom

Portu

gal

Sweden

Singap

oreSpa

in

Nethe

rland

sIsr

ael

Finlan

d

Austra

lia

Austri

a

Norway

Turke

y

Canad

a

Russia Ita

ly

South

Kor

ea

Germ

any

Argen

tina

Franc

e

United

Sta

tes

Taiwan

Japa

n

Mex

ico

China

Pu

blic

atio

ns

per

$1B

pu

blic

R&

D e

xpen

dit

ure

Sources: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies, OECD, Public R&D = HERD + GOVERD for 2003 or most recent year. Only includes countries with at least 3,000 articles in the NSE in 2005.

Number of Publications in the NSE Per $B (PPP) Public R&D, 2005

0100200300400500600700800900

1,0001,1001,2001,300

Switzer

land

Nethe

rland

s

Austri

aIta

ly

Canad

a

Denm

ark

Belgium

Sweden

Germ

any

Singap

ore

Czech

Rep

ublic

Norway

South

Kor

ea

Greec

e

Franc

e

Taiwan

Austra

lia

Finlan

d

Spain

Turke

y

Portu

gal

Japa

n

Argen

tina

Russia

Mex

ico

Poland

China

Pu

blic

atio

ns

per

100

0 p

ub

lic r

esea

rch

ers

Sources: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies, OECD, Public Researchers = HE + GOV researchers for 2003 or most recent year. Only includes countries with at least 3,000 articles in the NSE in 2005.

Number of Publications in the NSE Per 1000 Public Researchers, 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

United

Sta

tes

Germ

any

Japa

n

China

United

Kin

gdom

Franc

e

Canad

aIta

ly

Spain

Russia

Austra

lia

South

Kor

eaIn

dia

Nethe

rland

s

Switzer

land

Brazil

Taiwan

Sweden

Poland

BelgiumIsr

ael

Turke

y

Denm

ark

Mex

ico

Austri

a

Finlan

d

Czech

Rep

ublic

Greec

e

Portu

gal

Norway

Argen

tina

Singap

ore

Pu

blic

atio

ns

per

100

0 p

ub

lic r

esea

rch

ers

Sources: Observatoire des sciences et des technologies, NSERC estimates.

Capacity Index by Country, 2005

Canada’s NSE Publication Scorecard Indicator 1996-2000 2001-2005 Trend Production:

Number of publications – all sectors 85,693 91,930 + - University sector 71,898 78,006 + - Federal Government 6,271 6,270 0

- Industry 4,423 4,529 + World share of publications 4.43% 4.28% - Capacity Index (1996 and 2005) 68.7% 60.4% - Productivity:

Publications per million inhabitants 568 581 +

Publications per $M PUBERD expenditures 4.86 4.92 +

University sector $M HERD 7.59 7.45 -

Federal Government $M Intramural R&D 0.77 0.76 0

Canada’s NSE Publication Scorecard Indicator 1996-2000 2001-2005 Trend Quality:

Average Relative Impact Factor (ARIF) 1.07 1.07 0

Breadth of excellence, no. of subfields ARIF>1 42 44 + Science and Nature Index 1.16 1.25 + Top 10 Journal Publication Index 1.09 1.12 +

Indicators of Use?

• Citations to articles in patents

• Univerty-Industry-Government collaborative papers, Industry-Gov’t citation

• Quality of training?

0

25

50

75

100Publications per capita

Publications per $B PUBERD

Capacity Index

Average Relative Impact Factor

Breadth of Excellence

Science and Nature Index

NSE Publication Footprint – Canada 2005

Source: Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies and NSERC estimates. Scale is based on percentage of lead country value for each indicator except for breadth of excellence based on 65 subfields.

2001-05

NSE Publications: 21,086Rank: 7th

World Share: 4.5%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – United States 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 138,503Rank: 1stWorld Share: 29.6%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Japan 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 44,110Rank: 2ndWorld Share: 9.4%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – China 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 42,117Rank: 3rdWorld Share: 9.0%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Germany 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 40,803Rank: 4thWorld Share: 8.7%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – U.K. 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – France 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Italy 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Russia 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Spain 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – South Korea 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Australia 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Netherlands 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Switzerland 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Taiwan 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Sweden 2005


2001-05


0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Israel 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 5,266Rank: 21stWorld Share: 1.1%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Denmark 2005


2001-05

NSE Publications: 4,441Rank: 23rdWorld Share: 0.9%

0

25

50

75



Capacity Index




NSE Publication Footprint – Finland 2005


2001-05


Thank You - Merci

a review of canadian publications and impact in the natural sciences and engineering, 1996 to 2005...

Documents

technologies slide

nse slide

sciences et

country slide

world share slide

share of canadian total

impact arif

log si log arif slide