Chapter 7 –Chapter 7 – Respiration System Respiration SystemChapter 8 –Chapter 8 – Excretion System Excretion SystemChapter 9 – Coordination SystemChapter 9 – Coordination SystemChapter 10 – Plant Reproduction SystemChapter 10 – Plant Reproduction SystemChapter 11 –Chapter 11 – Human Reproduction System Human Reproduction System

LECLECTURE MATERTURE MATERIALIAL

RESPIRATION RESPIRATION SYSTEMSYSTEM

BREBREATHING & RESPIRAATHING & RESPIRATIONTION

Breathing is one of many characteristics of living creatures.Breathing is one of many characteristics of living creatures.

BreathingBreathing = consuming air (O = consuming air (O22) inside the body & excreting ) inside the body & excreting air (COair (CO22) outside the body.) outside the body.

RespirationRespiration = burning process (oxidation) of organic = burning process (oxidation) of organic compound within the cells to produce energy.compound within the cells to produce energy.

RespirationRespiration can be done by : can be done by : The The LUNGSLUNGS : mammalians, etc. : mammalians, etc.

Combination between Combination between LUNGSLUNGS and and SACCUSSACCUS PNEUMATICUSPNEUMATICUSCombination between Combination between LUNGSLUNGS and and SKINSKIN

The The GILLSGILLS : fishes, shrimps, annelids, etc. : fishes, shrimps, annelids, etc. The The TRACHEATRACHEA : insects, etc. : insects, etc. The The SKINSKIN (by diffusion) : protozoan, etc. (by diffusion) : protozoan, etc.

Basically, animal respiratory organs are just 2 equipment:Basically, animal respiratory organs are just 2 equipment:

a.a. EnteringEntering tool toolb.b. ExcretingExcreting tool tool

Respiration by Respiration by diffusiondiffusion will be just happened if the entering will be just happened if the entering tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms). tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms).

The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment).blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment).

Without RESPIRATION process?Without RESPIRATION process? There’s no OThere’s no O22 supply needed for supply needed for energy productionenergy production.. There’s no OThere’s no O22 supply needed for supply needed for cells respirationcells respiration.. Will be Will be die in secondsdie in seconds..

PROTOZOANPROTOZOAN

AmoebaAmoeba & & ParameciumParamecium has no specific respiratory organ. has no specific respiratory organ. Another protozoan do the same way.Another protozoan do the same way.

Respiration process happened at the surface of body cells.Respiration process happened at the surface of body cells.

Oxygen (OOxygen (O22) and (CO) and (CO22) come in & out via cellular membrane ) come in & out via cellular membrane by diffusion.by diffusion.

PORIFERAN & COELENTERATAPORIFERAN & COELENTERATA

Poriferan which has porous body arranged by a simple body Poriferan which has porous body arranged by a simple body cells and tissues.cells and tissues.

This phylum Poriferan & Coelenterate has no specific This phylum Poriferan & Coelenterate has no specific respiratory organs. Oxygen and Carbon dioxide change respiratory organs. Oxygen and Carbon dioxide change directly by the cells at the surface of it body which is touch directly by the cells at the surface of it body which is touch the water. Respiratory materials taken from Othe water. Respiratory materials taken from O22 which is which is soluble in the water.soluble in the water.

ANNELID (WORM)ANNELID (WORM)

Flat worm (such as the Planarian) and another Annelids Flat worm (such as the Planarian) and another Annelids have no specific respiratory organs. They use all of body have no specific respiratory organs. They use all of body surface to breath by diffusion. surface to breath by diffusion.

Liquid mucous at the skin helps in breathing.Liquid mucous at the skin helps in breathing.

Basically, breathing tools in the animal are just 2 equipment:Basically, breathing tools in the animal are just 2 equipment:

a.a. EnteringEntering tool toolb.b. ExcretingExcreting tool tool

Respiration by Respiration by diffusiondiffusion will be just happened if the entering will be just happened if the entering tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms). tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms).

The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment).blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment).

Without RESPIRATION process?Without RESPIRATION process? There’s no OThere’s no O22 supply needed for supply needed for energy productionenergy production.. There’s no OThere’s no O22 supply needed for supply needed for cells respirationcells respiration.. Will be Will be die in secondsdie in seconds..

MOLLUSCA & ECHINODERMATAMOLLUSCA & ECHINODERMATA

All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where the the gillgill is housed. The is housed. The gill of a mollusk extracts oxygengill of a mollusk extracts oxygen from from the water and disposes of waste.the water and disposes of waste.

Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Achantina fulicaAchantina fulica) use ) use pulmopulmo (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above. (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above.

Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use gillgill to breath. to breath.

ARTHROPODAARTHROPODA

All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where the the gillgill is housed. The is housed. The gill of a mollusk extracts oxygengill of a mollusk extracts oxygen from from the water and disposes of waste.the water and disposes of waste.

Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Achantina fulicaAchantina fulica) use ) use pulmopulmo (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above. (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above.

Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use gillgill to breath. to breath.