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A Remote Sensing and GIS approach to trace the Densification in Residential Areas
Valliappan AL
Assistant Professor,
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada,
India. Date:11/03/2015
What is Densification?
The increased use of space both horizontally and vertically within existing
areas/ properties and new developments accompanied by an increased
number of units and/or population thresholds.
Incremental densification refers to small-scale densification which is almost
invisible, e.g. the subdivision of a residential property or the construction of a
second dwelling.
Dwelling unit density
Number of dwelling units per hectare (du/ha).
Population density
Number of people per hectare (usually calculated by multiplying the number
of units by an appropriate average household size).
The number of dwelling units per hectare(includes all infrastructure)
Nett du/ha.
FORMS OF DENSIFICATION
• Consolidation with redevelopment at higher densities including the
demolition and integration of existing structures
• The extension of the building or adding on of floors to accommodate an
increased number of units
• Subdivision of land and redevelopment at higher densities
• Higher density infill on vacant and under- utilized land throughout the built
area of the City
ADVANTAGES OF RE-DENSIFICATION
Reduces the consumption of valuable/non-renewable Resources
Facilitates economic opportunities and supports service provision
Improves housing patterns and choice of housing type
Contributes to urban place-making and improves safety
DEHRADUN URBAN
AGGLOMERATION
DISTRICT
DEHRADUN MUNCIPAL
CORPORATION
City Profile: Dehradun
78O 00’E to 780 15’ E and 30015’N to 30025’N
Total Population :5,69,578
Estimated Number of H/H: 1,16,000
Average Household Size: 4.7
Total number of wards:
Governing bodies: Municipal Corporation of Dehradun and Mussorie
Dehradun Development Authority.
STUDY AREA PROFILE:
The study area comprised of 250 mt. buffer region along both side of
kalidas road. The study area is located in north-eastern part of Dehradun.
Approximate Area:15 ha.
Falls in the ward no. 6 and 7
Length of the Kalidas road is 1.5 Km.
Land use as per master plan: Residential
Estimated Population of the study area: 2000
Total number of dwelling units: 350
Gross Residential density:50 du/ha
Average Size of plots: 2000 sq.m
Kalidas Road and Its
surroundings
Hathi Barkala
Area
Indian Institute
of Remote
Sensing
Kalidas Road
Justification of the Study Area:
The study area has observed dynamic growth and development
Changes are very rapid in terms of physical development. Easy accessibility of primary data collection and ground truth verification
Objectives :
1. To study the temporal changes (between 2001 and 2014 satellite data)
in the existing typologies along Kalidas Road, Dehradun,
2. To analyze and quantify the changes and its impact on the
infrastructure,
3.Planning issues and impact of re-densification of the existing residential
area.
Data Used
Sensor
characteristics
IKNOS Pan IKNOS MS
Ground Resolution 1 Meter 4 Meter
Spectral bands 0.445-0.90 μm 0.45-0.52 μm
0.52-0.60 μm
0.63-0.69 μm
0.76-0.90 μm
Study area Kalidas road,
Ward no – 6 & 7
Kalidas road,
Ward no – 6 & 7
Acquiring date April 1 2000
Google imagery 2014
Master plan of Dehradun-2025
UDPFI guidelines
Ward Map of Municipal Corporation.
City Guide Maps
Methodology:
IKNOS PAN (1 mt)
+
IKNOS MS (4mt ) 2001
Google Earth
Image 2014
UDPFI Guidelines
Master Plan-2025
(MDDA-Byelaws)
Geo-correction, Rectification
& Fusion
High Resolution Image
Geo-Data
Creation
(Plot Boundaries)
Field Investigation Survey
(Ground Truthing)
Analysis and Change
Detection of Residential and
Infrastructural Facilities
Infrastructure
Facilities
Evaluation
Conclusion and
Recommendations
Typologies of Housing
Typologies of Housing:
1. Planned Individual Plotted Residential
Development
Regular sized plots with proper roads and
facilities.
Detached housing units
Heights of buildings G+1
Density of 25-30 du/ha
2. Enclave Residential Development
Regular sized plots and it acts as island. One
entry and exit for the entire
Development. Land locked development.
Detached housing units
Heights of building: G+1 and G+G+2
3. Unplanned individual plotted development
Irregular size plots
Inaccessible plots
No lighting and ventilation for the plots
100% ground coverage
Approach roads are very narrow
Heights of G and G+1
4. Street pattern of residential development
Plots are arranged in linear shape pattern
Regular size plots
Heights of G and G+1
Detached housing units
5. Apartment /Multi dwelling units
Multiple dwelling units in every floor with
common facilities
It is a semi detached housing
Good lighting and ventilation
Density of 100 du/ha
Land use Map-2000
Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014
Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014
Plot Area Map-2014
Height of Building-2000
Plot Area Map-2014 Height of Building-2014
Plot Area Map-2014 Height of Building-2014 Change Detection Map-2014
Building Byelaws
Single Residential Plot:
Min: 300 sq.m
Max: 2000 sq.m
Ground coverage: 75% to 40%
Approach Road: 9m
Permitted Height: 12m;4 units; G+3
Plot sizes above 500 sq.m- 5% open space to be left for plantation/open
space
Group Housing
S.No. Particulars Plain Areas (in
ha)
Approach Road
width
Min Max
1. Group Housing 0.20 2.0 9m
2. Cluster 2.01 6.0 12m
3. Neighbour 6.01 20.0 18m
4. Township 20.1 40.0 24m
Building Byelaws
Existing and proposed
water reservoirs Tube wells and
Pumping Stations
Water Supply System
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Two WTP of capacity 20 mld and 14 mld.
78% of water supply is through ground water source and 22% from piped
water supply. water treatments plants is located at dilaram bazar and treat
16mld from bijapur canal and bandal river. 72mld is the water requirement
of the town.
CPHEEO norm is 135 lpcd.
Estimated Water requirement:135X8000=1.1MLD (in present situation)
Storm Water Drainage
• Few parts of are line with stone and brick masonry.
• Covers have been provided over some length of the drains.
• The drainage channels are silted and garbage is thrown into
• these channels and blockage leads to overflow of drains
• The drainage acts as mixed drainage.
• Capacity of the drains are of one feet depth
S.No. Facilities to be provided
as per norms
Norms as per UDPFI
guidelines
Existing facilities
on the study area
1 Education 1 for 2500 population
Primary school for 500
students
Senior secondary school –
one for 7500 population-
1000 students
ONE INTER
COLLEGE, High
school AND
MIDDLE SCHOOL
2. Medical Facilities Nursing home, child welfare
centre and maternity centre
for 45,0000 population
DISPENSARY ARE
AVAILABLE
3. Commercial One for 110 persons ONLY FIVE
CONVENIENCE
SHOPS ARE
EXISTING
4. Parks and Play grounds 3 Sq.m of land for Parks and
Playgrounds
UNORGANISED
OPEN AVAILBLE
5. Socio Cultural Facilities Community Room to be
available.
NO PROVISION OF
COMMUNITY
HALLS
Social Facilities
Planning Issues and Findings
Piecemeal approach of development leads to unplanned/haphazard
development of residential areas. This leads
Irregular sub-division of plots
Amalgamation of plots
Increase in road network and dead ends roads is a common phenomenon.
Width of the road ranges from 2m to 6m.
Difficult to provide Physical infrastructure provision.
Leads to inaccessible plots
Violation of building byelaws in terms of setback, ground coverage and FAR
Lack of organized open-space and recreational facilities
Lack of public semi public facilities.
Master plan-2025 suggests proposed road width of 18m right of way for
kalidas road and this leads to demolition of houses.
Clear demarcation of income groups in change in topographical condition
RECOMMENDATION
The existing gaps in infrastructure facilities like water supply, drainage, road
widths, sewerage, garbage disposal had to be identified.
Augmentation and proposal of new infrastructure works to be carried out before
Densification of housing areas.
Thank you