a rapid graphical programming approach to sdr … 01...mathscript rt module • 2d and 3d plotting /...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Rapid Graphical Programming
Approach to SDR Design and Prototyping
with LabVIEW and the USRP
Sam Shearman Senior Software Engineer
Communications / Signal Processing
National Instruments
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Demo 1
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Agenda
• Background
• NI USRP HW / SW Components
• Getting started with NI USRP
• SDR with NI USRP
• Resources
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5,500+ employees
More than 1,000 products
More than 40 international
branches
Corporate headquarters in
Austin, TX
Dr. James Truchard, CEO
National Instruments
NI HQ
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National Instruments Offering graphical system design solutions to the Test and Measurement and Industrial
Embedded markets
Revenue: $873M revenue in 2010,
$253M revenue in Q2 2011
Global Operations: Approximately
5,500 employees; operations in more
than 40 countries
Broad customer base: More than
30,000 companies served annually
Diversity: No industry >15% of
revenue
Culture: FORTUNE’s 100 Best
Companies to Work For list for 12
consecutive years
Strong Cash Position: Cash and
short-term investments of $320M at
June 30, 2011
Reven
ue in
Millio
ns
Long-term track
record of growth
and profitability
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• Low cost ($3000), PC-hosted RF Transceiver for software defined radio
• Real-time processing: Gigabit Ethernet link streams live data for real time processing on a host PC running LabVIEW
• Hardware and software are easy to install, connect, and learn
NI-USRP: a Platform for SDR Design,
Prototyping and Exploration
NI-219x
RF Transceiver
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Gigabit Ethernet
Connectivity Plug-and-play capability
Up to 20 MS/s baseband
IQ streaming
Tunable RF Transceiver
Front Ends Frequency Range
50 MHz – 2.2 GHz (NI-2920)
2.4 GHz & 5.5 GHz (NI-2921)
Signal Processing
and Synthesis NI LabVIEW to develop
and explore algorithms
NI Modulation Toolkit and
LabVIEW add-ons to
synthesize and process
live signals
Applications FM Radio
TV
GPS
GSM
ZigBee®
Safety Radio
OFDM
Passive Radar
Dynamic Spectrum Access
NI USRP
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NI USRP enables Host-based Processing
RF Transceiver
Host-based Processing
Baseband IQ
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A Compiled Graphical Development Environment
• Intuitive graphical dataflow programming environment with integrated .m file script textual math
• Functionality tailored for science and engineering
• 750+ functions for signal processing, analysis, and mathematics
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Graphical Dataflow Programming
• An intuitive visual representation
• Aligns with algorithm developer’s thought process
• Maps functional blocks to concepts with a familiar presentation
• Modular and hierarchical
• High-level tools and building-blocks
• Directly represents parallel, multithreaded, distributed systems
y[n] = 0.5x2[n] + x[n] + 0.1Un[n]
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Interactivity
Problem Definition
Concept Demos
Computational Exploration
Design
Interactive Analysis
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Text-based signal processing, analysis, and math within LabVIEW 750 built-in functions / user-defined
functions
Reuse many of your .m file scripts created with The MathWorks, Inc. MATLAB® software and others
Based on original math from NI MATRIXx software
A native LabVIEW solution Interactive and programmatic
interfaces
Does not require 3rd-party software
Enables hybrid programming MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
MathScript RT Module
• 2D and 3D Plotting /
Visualization
• Probability and Statistics
• Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
• Optimization
• Approximation (Curve Fitting /
Interpolation)
• Advanced Functions
• Ordinary Differential
• Equations
• Basic Operations
• Polynomial Operations
• Trigonometric
• Linear Algebra
• Matrix Operations
• Boolean and Bit Operations
• Data Acquisition /
Generation
• Vector Operations
• Other
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The Hybrid Approach Combine Graphical / Textual Programming
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Demo 2a: Simple USRP-based Receiver
Gigabit Ethernet
Connection to Host Computer
NI USRP-2190
Receiver
• USRP control (Tx & Rx)
• Inline Processing / Display
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NI-USRP Driver Software
Initialize Configure Start Read IQ Stop Close
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NI-USRP Driver Software
Initialize Configure Start Read IQ Stop Close
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Real-time Spectrum Monitoring
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Demo 2b: Simple USRP-based Receiver
• with Spectrum Analysis
Gigabit Ethernet
Connection to Host Computer
NI USRP-2190
Receiver
• USRP control (Rx)
• Inline Processing / Display
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Decode & Hear Live FM Radio
30 Hz
15 kHz
23 kHz
38 kHz
53 kHz
58.35 kHz
67.65 kHz
76.65 kHz
92 kHz
99 kHz
57 kHz
0
19kHz Stereo Pilot (10%)
Stereo Audio Left - Right
Direct Band (10%)
RBDS (5%)
Mono Audio
Left + Right
Audos Subcarrier (10%)
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Demo 2c: Simple USRP-based Receiver
• with Spectrum Analysis
• with live FM radio
Gigabit Ethernet
Connection to Host Computer
NI USRP-2190
Receiver
• USRP control (Rx)
• Inline Processing / Display
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Demo 3: Simple USRP-based Transmitter
Gigabit Ethernet
Connections to Host Computer
NI USRP-2190
Receiver
• USRP control (Tx/Rx)
• Inline Processing / Display
NI USRP-2190
Transmitter
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Digital Communication System
So
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Communications Channel
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NI Modulation Toolkit
NI Modulation Toolkit
Digital Communication System
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NI Modulation Toolkit
NI Modulation Toolkit
NI USRP
NI USRP
Digital Communication System
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Communications System Design in LabVIEW Modulation Toolkit
• Analog and Digital modulation formats AM, FM, PM
ASK, FSK, MSK, GMSK, PAM, PSK, QAM
Custom
• Visualization 2D and 3D Eye, Trellis, Constellation
• Modulation Analysis BER, MER, EVM, burst timing,
frequency deviation, ρ (rho)
• Impairments Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
DC offset, Quadrature skew, IQ gain imbalance, phase noise
• Equalization, Channel Coding, Channel Models
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Demo 4: QAM Tx / Rx Pair
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Demo 5: Packet-based Transceiver
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Demo 5: Packet-based Transceiver
NI USRP-2190
Receiver
• USRP control (Tx & Rx)
• Modulate Tx signal
• Demodulate Rx signal
• Reconstruct message
NI USRP-2190
Transmitter RF Signal
915MHz , PSK packets, 400kbps
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Transmitter Block Diagram
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Packet Structure
GUARD
BAND SYNC
SEQ PCKT
NUM PAD DATA
Field Length
[bits]
Description
Guard Band 30 Allow initialization of Rx PLL, filters, etc
Sync Sequence 20 Frame and Symbol Synchronization
Packet Number 8 Range: 0-255 Used for reordering of packets
and detection of missing packets
Data 64 - 256 Variable length data field. Length detected
dynamically at Rx end
Pad 20 Allows for filter edge effects.
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The Received Signal
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Receiver Block Diagram
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Channel Activity Detection
• Problem: Inefficient to
keep demodulator
active for the entire
acquisition frame—it
needs to be applied
only to packets
• Solution: Apply a
channel activity
detector to locate
packet boundaries for a
packet slicer
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Error Tolerance
Problem: Errors at SNR >> 1
Partial packets captured at
frame edges
Improper synchronization
Solution: Repetition Coding
Repeat each packet n times
Repeat entire message m
times
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Error Tolerance
• At SNR >> 1, errors introduced due to
Partial packet captured at frame edge interval
Improper synchronization
• Solution: Packet Repetition Coding
Repeat each packet n times ( n=2 to 5)
Repeat whole message m times ( m = 10 )
• Proposed Schemes
CRC Check with two way ACKs
Reconstruct packets split across frames
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Ideas for Extension
• Improved Error Tolerance CRC check, convolutional coding,
interleaving, etc…
• Bi-directional link with ACK messages
• OFDM
• Channel Equalization to improve range
• SW-based Rx gain control to ensure full use of available dynamic range
• Monitor / replicate common links Bluetooth mouse
Key fob
• Additional message choices Images, video, etc.
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Next Steps
• Learn more about LabVIEW and NI-USRP
www.ni.com/usrp
• Find NI-USRP examples & participate in the NI-USRP
online community
decibel.ni.com/content/groups/ni-usrp-example-labview-vis