a quick tour of technology

7/25/2019 A Quick Tour of Technology

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A Quick Tour of

Technology

Sabqat us Sahar

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Topics Categories of computer by size

Super, Mini, Mainframe & Micro

Computer Hardware I/O Device Storage Devices e!ecommunication Devices Connecting Devices

Computer Software "pp!ication Software & System Software

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What is IT ?Information Technology (IT)

It refers to anything related to computing

technology, such as networking, hardware,software, Internet,storage, and otherphysical devices, secure and exchange allforms of electronic data and thepeople

that wor with these technologies

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Types of #omputers

Supercomputers

+ainframe computers

+inicomputers+icrocomputers

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-igh capacity

.sed by large organi/ations

.sed for scienti0c and engineering application

Tracing space

nline baning,

weather forecasting,nuclear energy research

petroleum exploration

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Supercomputers


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ccupies specially wired, air!conditionedrooms

#apable of great processing speeds and datastorage

3ot as powerful as supercomputers

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+ainframe #omputers


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5nown as midrange computers

+edium!si/e companies

.sed by departments of largecompanies

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+inicomputers


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7east powerful

Widely used

8our types

9estop3oteboo or laptop

Tablet :#

-andheld

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+icrocomputers


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System unit

Input


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Computer Hardware

I/O Device Storage Devices

e!ecommunication Devices Connecting Devices

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Input is any data and instructions entered intothe memory of a computer

$n input device is any hardware componentthat allows users to enter data andinstructions 'programs, commands, and userresponses( into a computer)

9epending on the application and yourparticular requirements, the input de&iceselected may &ary)

What Is Input?

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$ keyboard is an input de&icethat containseys users press to enter data andinstructions into a computer

Keyboard Ergonomics9esign that reduces the chance of wrist and

hand in>uries

Keyboards for obile !omputers andobile "evices

The Keyboard

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$ pointing de&ice is an input de&ice thatallows auser to control a pointer on thescreen)

In a graphical user interface, a pointer is asmall symbol onthe screen

ouse

TrackballTouchpad

#ointing $tick

#ointing "evices

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ideo games and computer games use agame controller as the input de&ice thatdirectsmo&ements and actions of on!screenob>ects

%amepads

&oysticks and Wheels

'ight %uns"ance #ads

otion$ensing %ame !ontrollers

%ame !ontrollers

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Touch screens that recogni/e multiple points ofcontact at the same time are nown as multi-touch.Laptop

NotebookKiosk

Mobile & Tablets

Microsoft Surface

Touch$ensitive #ads#en Input

"igital !ameras

$canners and eading "evices

Touch $creens and Touch$ensitive #ads

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icrosoft $urface

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5ios input de&ice

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$n optical reader is a device that uses a light sourceto read characters, mars, and codes and thencon&erts them into digital data that a computer canprocess)

ptical character recognition '#@(ptical mar recognition '+@(

Aar #ode @eaders

@8I9 @eaders'@adio!8requency Identi0cation(

+I#@ @eaders'+agnetic In #haracter@ecognition(

+agnetic Stripe #ard @eaders'+S#@(

*ptical eaders

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What is utput ?utput is data that has been processed into a

useful form) That is, computers process data'input( into information 'output()

The form of output varies, depending on thehardware and software being used and therequirementsof the user)

While woring with a computer, a userencounters four basic types of outputB text,graphics, audio,and video)

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$ !at-panel displa"# C!

is a lightweight display de&ice with a shallow

depth and Cat screen that typically uses 7#9'liquid crystal display( or gas plasma

technology)

$ !T monitor is a destop monitor that

contains a cathode!ray tube) $ cathode-ra"tube $%T ' is a large, sealed glass tube)

Types of display de&ices

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$ plasma monitor is a display device that

uses gas plasma technology, which

sandwiches a layer of gas between two glassplates)

When &oltage is applied, the gas releases

ultra&iolet '.( light) This . light causes the

pixels on the screen to glow and

form an image)

#lasma onitors

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9isplay Screens

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$ printer is an output device that produces

text and graphics on a physical medium such

as paper)

:rinted information, called hard cop", exists

physically and is a more permanent form ofoutput

than that presented on a display 9e&ice 'softcopy()

$ hard copy, also called aprintout, is either in

portrait or landscape orientation)

#rinters

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$n impact printer forms characters and graphicson a

piece of paper by striing a mechanism against an

ined ribbon that physically contacts the paper)9ot matrix

9aisy wheel

7ine :rinter

Impact #rinters

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$ nonimpact printer forms characters and

graphics on a piece of paper without actually

striing the paper) Some spray in, while others

use heat or pressure to create images)

#ommonly used nonimpact printers are

ink+etprinters, photoprinters, laserprinters,

thermalprinters, mobileprinters, label and postageprinters, plotters, and large!format

printers)

on impact #rinters

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#lotters are sophisticated printers used to produce

high!quality drawings such as blueprints, maps, andcircuit

diagrams"These printers are used in specialized #eldssuch as

engineering and drafting and usually are very costly"

.sing in!>et printer technology, but on a much larger scale,

a large!format printer creates photo!realistic!quality color

prints)

Draphic artists use these high!cost, high performance

printers for signs, posters, and other professional quality

displays

#lotters and 'arge-ormat

#rinters

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$T%&'() !evicesThe process of storing personal data or

information for future use is called ST@$DE8 9$T$)

When a user issues a command lie$pplications programs'+S 88I#E ,:$I3T etc(perating system 'WI39WS( locates theprogram in storage 9e&ices such as on a-ard 9is or optical 9is then lauds it into@$+ '@andom $ccess +emory(

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$ net/ork is a collection of computersand devices connected together, often/irelessly, via communications devices

and transmission media0When a computer connects to a networ, it is

called online)

et/orks allo/ computers to shareresources, such as hard/are, soft/are,data, and information) Sharing resourcessa&es time and money)

What is 3etwors ?

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Three types of 3etwors

7$3 $Local )rea Net*ork'+$3 $Metropolitan )rea Net*ork'

W$3 $+ide )rea Net*ork'

Types of 3etwors

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Types of 3etwor

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3etworing 9e&ices.ub$/itch

1ridge

outer

%ate/ay

odem

I!s (et/ork Interface !ard)I$" (Integrated $ervices "igital et/ork)

"$' ("igital subscriber 'ine)

W2#s (Wireless 2ccess #oint)

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3etworing 9e&ices

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$ystem $oft/are

#onsists of the programs that control ormaintain the operations of the computerand its de&ices lie Windows)

System software ser&es as the interfacebetween the user, the application software,

and the computerGs hardware)

$ystem $oft/are

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*perating $ystem -unctions

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Types of *perating

$ystemsThe three basic categories of operatingsystems that exist today

!ategories of *perating $ystems

Stand!alone perating system

Ser&er perating system

Embedded perating system)

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a quick tour of technology

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