a primer on affordable housing and homelessness
DESCRIPTION
A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness. By: Nick Falvo Presentation to United Church Women Location : Barrhaven United Church Ottawa, Ontario February 17, 2014. Overview. Government support for housing Social assistance Social housing Homelessness “Housing First” Summary. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A PRIMER ON AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND
HOMELESSNESSBy: Nick Falvo
Presentation to United Church Women
Location: Barrhaven United Church
Ottawa, Ontario
February 17, 2014
![Page 2: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Government support for housing
• Social assistance
• Social housing
• Homelessness
• “Housing First”
• Summary
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 2
![Page 3: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A Well-Kept Secret
Direct Spending and Tax ExpendituresAverage subsidy per household
Average pre-tax household income
(2008)
Homeowners $2,600 $93KPrivate Renters $400 $46K
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 3
![Page 4: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ex’s of Support to Ontario Homeowners
Type of Support Annual Amount
Non-Taxation of Imputed Net Rent
$2.9 B
Non-Taxation of Capital Gains on Principal Residences
$1.9B
Exemption of Imputed Rents from GST
$1.2B
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 4
![Page 5: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Imputed Rent• When a landlord rents a unit to a tenant, the landlord is
taxed on that rental income.
• When a landlord (effectively) rents to her/himself, that (imputed) rental income “is not taxed under the income tax regime” the way “net rental income” would be taxed if they rented to another person.
• It’s not actual rental income. Hence the term “imputed rent.”
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 5
![Page 6: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Capital Gains on Principal Residences
“Capital gains realized on the sale of a principal residence are non-taxable under the income tax regime in Canada. In comparison, 50% of capital gains from other investments (e.g., equities) realized in a year are taxed at income tax rates.”
— Frank Clayton
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 6
![Page 7: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Economics of Newly-Built Housing
New Housing in Toronto
New one- or two-bedroom apt $1,500
Household Salary Needed $60,000
7Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 8: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SA Shelter Allowance, Ottawa
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 8
![Page 9: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SA Shelter Allowance, Ottawa (cont’d)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 9
![Page 10: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 10
![Page 11: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Social Housing
• Social housing generally refers to housing for low-income households that benefits from substantial funding from senior levels of government.
• Usually, social housing is owned and operated by a not-for-profit entity.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 11
![Page 12: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Social Housing (cont’d)• A crucial point about ‘social housing’ is that a significant
proportion of tenants who live there pay reduced rent. This is usually referred to as Rent Geared to Income (RGI).
• Though the precise rent scale varies across Canada and across programs (and years), tenants in RGI units typically pay between 25% and 30% of their before-tax monthly income.
• The highest amount of rent a tenant would be charged in social housing would be ‘break even rent’—that is, the actual market rent that would be charged on the private market. This happens in private non-profit and co-op housing (with tenants who are ‘middle-income’). These would not be RGI units.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 12
![Page 13: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rent Levels in Social Housing Compared
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 13
![Page 14: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Who Has Social Housing?
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 14
![Page 15: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ottawa’s Waiting List
City of Ottawa’s Centralized Waiting List, 2012Household Type # of Households Median Wait Time
(in Years)
Families (with children)
3,665 3.1
Single Adults 3,543 5.4
Seniors 1,965 3.2
2 Adults 522 3.6
3+ Adults 150 2.9
15Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 16: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tenants
• 1/3 of social housing tenants in Ontario are seniors. Most prefer all-seniors buildings, and non-profit housing authorities find them to be very good tenants.
• 10% of Ontario’s stock of social housing is “supportive housing.”
16Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 17: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inadequate Housing, Children in Care
“Two studies have been done in Toronto looking at the role of housing with respect to children in care. Results of both studies indicate that the state of the family’s housing was a factor in one in five cases in which a child was temporarily admitted into care. Results from the Toronto research also indicate that, in one in 10 cases, housing status delayed the return home of a child from care.”
— Falvo, 2012
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 17
![Page 18: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Developing
Social Housing
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 18
![Page 19: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Social Housing in Toronto: Basic Math
• $200K to build new unit of social housing (including cost of land). Amount gets paid over 30 years
• $300/month (from tenant) to cover operating deficit.
• After 30 years, major repairs necessary.
19Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 20: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Social Housing in OttawaCost of Building a Large One-Bedroom Apartment
(or Small Two-Bedroom Apartment)
Construction $200/ft2
Soft Costs i.e. architect, legal fees, other professionals
An additional 10%-17%
Land Sometimes free
TOTAL $200,000
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 20
![Page 21: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Social Housing in Ottawa (cont’d)
• It might cost less than half of that to acquire an already-existing unit (from a private landlord, for example).
• But such a unit likely would not last as long as a newly-built one.
• And for some types of supportive housing (i.e. for persons with physical disabilities), housing must be purpose-built.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 21
![Page 22: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Land• Centretown Citizens Ottawa Corporation (CCOC)
provides social housing in Ottawa. CCOC often pays full market value of the land for their units.
• CCOC cannot afford to buy land in downtown Ottawa at market rates and build new. But they can afford to acquire already-existing units downtown.
• For example, when carrying out new construction, CCOC could not afford to pay the full cost of land in the Market, Centretown, Hintonburg or the main streets of Little Italy or Chinatown.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 22
![Page 23: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Land (cont’d)
• Sometimes the City of Ottawa (or another level of government) donates the land.
• Other times, a level of government will offer CCOC a long-term lease for one dollar (or for $30,000 or $40,000 a year).
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 23
![Page 24: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Land (cont’d)• Government funding cycles make it challenging for non-
profit housing providers to ‘jump on’ good land opportunities.
• City of Ottawa might issue an RFP in July and then announce results in November.
• But there might be a great deal on land in June; and owner of the land will not wait. Seller wants to close in three months.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 24
![Page 25: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
New Social Housing in
Ottawa
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 25
![Page 26: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Examples of AHI Projects in OttawaProvider Address # of Units Year Completed
Ottawa Salus 930-934 Gladstone 19 2002
Ottawa Community Housing
380 Somerset W (Hartman’s)
60 2005
Multifaith Housing Initiative
138 Somerset 10 2007
CCOC 424 Metcalfe (Beaver Barracks – Phase I)
160 2010
Shepherds of Good Hope
1053-1057 Merivale (“The Oaks”)
55 2011
26Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 27: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Beaver Barracks
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 27
![Page 28: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Beaver Barracks (cont’d)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 28
![Page 29: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Beaver Barracks (cont’d)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 29
![Page 30: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Shepherds of Good Hope (“The Oaks”)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 30
![Page 31: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ex’s of New AHI Coop Units in Ottawa Provider Address # of Units Completed
Blue Heron Co-operative Homes
750 March Road 83 2006
McLean Cooperative Homes
155-343 Parkin Circle 63 2008
Eastern Ontario Christian Seniors Co-op
220 Viewmount Crescent
69 2012
31Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 32: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Blue Heron Housing Co-operative
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 32
![Page 33: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MacLean Co-operative Homes
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 33
![Page 34: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Eastern Ontario Christian Seniors Co-op
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 34
![Page 35: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
But Where Does This Leave Us?
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 35
![Page 36: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Canada Compared
Rates of Social Renting
Country %
Netherlands 34
Sweden 32
France 19
England 18
Canada 5
United States 3
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 36
![Page 37: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Rental Housing Production
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 38: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Homelessness
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 38
![Page 39: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Causes
Traditionally, two schools of thought:
1. Individual risk factors
2. Socioeconomic factors affecting entire jurisdictions
39Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 40: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Causes (cont’d)
Ex’s of Individual Risk Factors:
• Mental health diagnosis
• Heavy use of drugs or alcohol
• Lack of education/skills
40Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 41: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Causes (cont’d)
Examples of Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Entire Jurisdictions
• High unemployment rate
• Lack of affordable housing
• Inadequate social assistance benefits
• Reductions in psychiatric beds
41Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 42: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Causes (cont’d)
Since early 1990s: convergence of opinions
1. Structural factors matter
2. Those most at risk tend to have individual risk factors
42Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 43: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Impact on Health
“Homeless people in their forties and fifties often develop health disabilities that are more commonly seen only in people who are decades older.”
—Dr. Stephen Hwang
43Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 44: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Impact on Health (cont’d)• Homeless people more likely to have:
29X Hep C
20X Epilepsy
5X Heart Disease
4X Cancer
2X Diabetes
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 44
![Page 45: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Mental Health
• Depression 17% (8% in pop)
• Anxiety 11% (1%)
• Bipolar 8% (1%)
• Schizophrenia 5% (1%)
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 45
![Page 46: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Social Costs (cont’d)• 2000 article in JAMA reported on death rates among homeless men in Toronto:
→The mean age of death was 46 years.
→The mortality rate for homeless male youth 8X rate of of their non-homeless counterparts.
→Homeless men 9X more likely to be murdered than their housed counterparts.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 46
![Page 47: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Social Costs (cont’d)• 1998 Toronto study
→ Over half of all female street youth become pregnant.
→300 babies are born to homeless women each year in Toronto
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 47
![Page 48: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Violence• More than 1/3 of homeless persons report being physically assaulted or beaten up in previous year
• Stranger 56%
• Acquaintance 38%
• Police 35%
• Another shelter resident 27%
• Partner or spouse 21%
• Shelter staff 15%
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 48
![Page 49: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Sexual Violence
• 1 in 5 homeless women report being sexually assaulted or raped in previous year.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 49
![Page 50: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
“Housing First”
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 50
![Page 51: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Throne Speech, 2013
• “Our Government will…[b]uild on the successful Housing First approach and its renewed Homelessness Partnering Strategy to help house vulnerable Canadians…”
— Throne Speech (Canada), Oct. 2013
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 51
![Page 52: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Housing First
My Definition (for the purpose of today’s class)
Providing a homeless person with immediate access to permanent housing.
The alternative to Housing First: the “treatment first” approach (also known as the “continuum of care” approach)—i.e. fix person’s behaviour (i.e. addictions, mental health, etc.) before giving them permanent housing.
52Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014)
![Page 53: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Housing First
Homeless
Shelter placement
Transitional housing
Permanent housing
Based on slide from S.Tsemberis
Treatment FirstClient must demonstrate readiness for each step
No requirement for readiness to move directly to permanent housing
Difference between HF and Treatment First
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 53
![Page 54: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
At Home/Chez Soi Study
• 5-city, random control study
• $110 million
• Results expected imminently
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 54
![Page 55: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Summary• Senior levels of government in Canada provide various
forms of support for housing, including for homeowners.
• Social assistance (i.e. ‘welfare’) provides assistance to many low-income Canadians, but, for the most part, not enough for appropriate private-rental accommodation.
• Fewer than half of very low-income Canadians are fortunate enough to live in “social housing” (which involves subsidized rent levels).
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 55
![Page 56: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Summary (cont’d)• Indeed, there are lengthy waiting lists for social housing
all across Canada.
• The percentage of Canadian households who live in social housing is considerably lower than the OECD average.
• Canada’s rate of ‘social renting’ is 5%. In The Netherlands, the rate is 34%. In Sweden, it’s 32%.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 56
![Page 57: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Summary (cont’d)
• People who are homeless (i.e. sleeping in emergency shelters or outside) experience certain health problems at much higher rates than the general population.
• They also die much more quickly.
• They are also considerably more likely to be assaulted (both physically and sexually).
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 57
![Page 58: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Summary (cont’d)• Over the past decade, it has become quite trendy for
senior levels of government in Canada to claim that they believe in the Housing First principle.
• In other words, they state that they hold the philosophical view that homeless persons should be given immediate access to affordable housing.
• Note: This is not the same thing as agreeing to provide sufficient funding for every homeless person to live in affordable housing.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 58
![Page 59: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Summary (cont’d)• Results of the At Home/Chez Soi study will be released
later this year.
• Some people believe that these results will make it more palatable for senior levels of government to provide more resources so that homeless persons can be provided with more affordable housing.
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 59
![Page 60: A primer on Affordable housing and homelessness](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56814f3a550346895dbcdd3b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Thank You
Nick Falvo
PhD Candidate (Public Policy)
Carleton University
Nick Falvo: United Church Women (Feb. 17, 2014) 60