a primer of young worker safety and health training for employees presentation

A Primer for Young Worker Safety and

Health TrainingTraining Module 3

1

Information Provided under OSHA Susan Harwood Capacity Building Grant: #SH-20848SHO

Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute

Acknowledgement of Sources

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Introduction to OSHAhttp://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction_generalindustry/teachingaids.html

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/talkingsafety/

Work Safe, Work Smart: Health and Safety Awareness for Working Teens curriculum. University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries.OSHA’s 11 – An OSHA 10 Hour General Industry Curriculum: University of Washington: Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences. Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.commercialcleaningincharlotte.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/osha-logosvg.png&imgrefurl=http://www.commercialcleaningincharlotte.com/osha/&usg=__qu6X7BURr0QPeG7H2m7LnW9KElE=&h=208&w=720&sz=24&hl=en&start=14&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=47vT5YNkvycNHM:&tbnh=40&tbnw=140&prev=/images?q=osha&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&tbs=isch:1


Course Agenda

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Lesson 1: Young Worker Injuries and Illnesses

Lesson 2: Identification of workplace hazards (including chemical, biological, safety, and other health hazards)

Lesson 3: Ways to reduce young worker injuries and illnesses Personal Protective Equipment

Lesson 4: Young worker rights and responsibilities- An overview of Young Worker Labor Laws


Tying it All Together

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The Puzzle piece represents an activity that participants can do individually or as a group

The Movie reel represents ways to integrate media into training

The Microphone represents ways to encourage participation

Young Worker Injuries and Illnesses


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Occupational Injuries and Deaths Among Young Workers^

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Younger workers (defined as those aged 15-24 years): Represent 14% of the U.S. labor force Overrepresented in dangerous jobs: construction,

transportation, agriculture, and mining. 2009: there were 343 fatalities among this group

Workers under 25 years old were twice as likely to end up in the emergency room when compared to those aged 25 and older

^Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. April 23, 2010, Vol. 59, No. 15.


Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

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Rates of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Treated in Emergency Departments by Age Group, United States, 2006*

*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Charts on Young Worker Employment, Injuries and Illness


Teen Specific Work Injury Statistics

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Many youth are injured on the job in the US: 158,000 <18 year-olds injured/year 52,600 <18 year-olds to the ER for

work injuries 38 <18 year-olds die each year

Young workers are injured at a higher rate than adult workers.


Where Teens are Injured

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46%

31%

14%

5%2%2% Leisure and hospitality

(includes restaurants)

Retail

Services and Other

Manufacturing, Construction,Transporation

Information, Finance andinsurance

Agriculture and Forestry


Where Teens Work

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Sharing Work Related Experiences

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How many of you have ever had a job?

Where did you work? What did you do? Have you ever been hurt at work,

or do you know someone who was?

Have you ever been uncomfortable with a task you’ve been asked to do at work?


Lost Youth (by WorkSafeBC)

12http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMT5OFw5OCQ


Injury Report: Babysitting 15 year-old babysitter Watching 3 month-old and 5

year-old at home Heating water for bottle on

stove Dish towel catches fire In panic, babysitter is unable

to locate fire extinguisher Evacuates house with children

and calls 911 House is engulfed and all

treated for smoke inhalation

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Injury Report: Concert 18 year-old employee Working at a summer

music amphitheater Responsible for working

on the security team Stampede ensued when

the gate is cracked open Employee suffers broken

bones and nightmares after being trampled

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Injury Report: Housekeeping

15 year-old team member

Picking up trash and emptying trash bin in the restroom

Improperly disposed of diabetic needle sticks team member in the hand

Several months later team member tests positive for HIV15


Injury Report: Masonry Apprentice

20 year-old brick laying apprentice Carrying a bucket of mortar on

shoulder While setting the bucket down

mortar splashed up into the apprentice’s face and eyes

The mortar burned the apprentice’s eyes and had started to setup

The patients’ eye had to be scraped Resulting in hospital stays,

operations, and potential permanent loss of vision in one or both eyes

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Injury Report: Lifeguard 17 year-old lifeguard at neighborhood pool Required to sit in life guard stand for 2 hour stretches Temperature outside is 95 degrees and sunny During the last rain storm the umbrella was blown away One lifeguard called in sick and pool is filled to capacity Life guard passes out and is rushed to the hospital Diagnosed with heat stroke

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Injury Report: Childcare 16 year-old assistant at

childcare center Mixing bleach and water to

disinfect toys and tabletops Accidentally mixed bleach

with what she thought it was water

Chlorine gas was released requiring the classroom to be evacuated

Assistant and 2 children treated for respiratory irritation

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Injury Report: Restaurant 17 year-old dishwasher at

restaurant Responsible for operating

dishwasher conveyor-belt system

Sleeve was caught in conveyor belt during loading and arm was pulled into machine

Employee suffered severe burns to his arm after contacting the dish washer water

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Injury Report: Convenience Store 18 year-old clerk at quick-

service mart Closing up store at night;

emptying register One other employee was taking

out trash in back of store Gunman entered and demanded

money and lottery tickets Clerk was not physically

harmed, but unable to return to work

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Injury Report: Laboratory Safety

19 year-old student is employed as laboratory assistant for college chemistry class

Preparing chemical materials a class on the laboratory workbench

Student assumed the chemical in container was the material he needed and combined it with another chemical

A violent chemical reaction occurred and sprayed up onto face and neck of student

The safety drench shower did not work when he pulled the lever

Student suffered permanent tissue damage to face and eyes21


Injury and Illness Reporting OSHA 300 log and 301

(Injuries and Illness Incident Report) Questions you might be asked

What time did you start work? What time did the event occur? What were you doing just before the event

occurred? In your own words, tell us what happened? What was the injury or illness? What object or substance directly harmed you?

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NO

Identification of Job Hazards


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What is a Job Hazard?

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A job hazard is anything at work that can hurt you, either physically or

mentally.


The Effects of Job HazardsTemporary Effects Permanent Effects

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The Effects of Job HazardsImmediate Effects Delayed Effects

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Hazard Categories

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Hazard


Hazard Categories

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Safety hazards: can cause immediate accidents and injuries. (Examples: knives, hot grease, etc.)

Chemical hazards: are gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts that can harm your body. (Examples: cleaning products or pesticides.) Discuss how chemicals can get into the body.

Biological hazards: are living things that can cause sickness or disease. (Examples: bacteria, viruses, or insects.)


Hazard Categories

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Other health hazards: are harmful things, not in other categories, that can injure you or make you sick. They are sometimes less obvious because they may not cause health problems right away. (Examples: noise, radiation, repetitive movements, heat, cold)

“Pressure Cooker or Unspoken” hazards: unsafe equipment or procedures emergency situations: fires, explosions, severe

injury, violence stressful conditions inadequate training inadequate supervision deadlines, production requirements, etc.


Getting a Safe Start to Identifying Hazards

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1. Ask your supervisor for help2. Get Training on the chemicals or equipment you

will use3. Check the label of the products you will use4. Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for

the chemicals or products being used5. Look online for safety and health information-

• See the resource list provided in the handout packet6. Call a resource agency like OSHA for more help


Material Safety Data Sheets

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1. How is this chemical used?2. What are the possible routes of

entry?3. What are the potential immediate

effects of exposure to this chemical? 4. What are the potential delayed

effects of exposure to this chemical?5. What are the potential temporary or

permanent effects of exposure to this chemical?

6. What concerns do you have, if any about this product?

Questions to ask yourself:


Material Safety Date Sheets

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1. What is the percentage of ammonia in this product? What is the other ingredient in this product?

2. Is ammonia a corrosive? What is a corrosive?

3. What happens if you get ammonia in your eye?

4. What should you do if you accidentally swallow ammonia?

5. What would happen to your body if you accidentally ingested ammonia?

6. What kind of protection should you wear on your body to protect yourself?

Ammonia


Hazard Mapping

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About Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention

How Loud is too loud?Exposure to noise at 85dbA for 8 hours a day will cause permanent hearing loss

The amount of time of exposure to sounds determines the potential for hearing loss.

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Exposure To NoiseDemonstration of Noise Induced Hearing Loss

NIOSH Sound Level Meter

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http://www.hse.gov.uk/noise/demonstration.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/abouthlp/noisemeter_flash/soundMeter_flash.html


Meet GERTI

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Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute38


Summary

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Hazards can cause: Temporary or permanent injury or illness. Effects that may show up right away or not until later in

life. Recognizing Hazards:

May change daily, May be things that you cannot touch, see, smell, or hear, And may be situations that occur.

It is important for workers to always be aware of how to assess a workplace for potential hazards.


Hazards in the Workplace:Advanced Workshop Session

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1.Understanding Emergency Preparedness


Promoting Understanding: Emergency Preparedness

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Story A: Grease Fire in Restaurant Burns Employee A fire destroyed part of Hooper’s Restaurant late Thursday night, and critically injured two employees. The fire was caused when a frying pan, filled with oil heating up on the stove, was left unattended while the fry cook went to get something out of the walk-in freezer. The fire rapidly spread to dishcloths hanging on a towel rack over the stove. Another employee discovered the fire and attempted to put out the fire by pouring water on the stove. This caused the burning grease to splatter his face, arms, and chest. Another co-worker, hearing cries for help, called 911 and then ran out into the dining room and yelled for everyone to leave the restaurant immediately. Emergency services arrived and went to work extinguishing the blaze and treating the burned employee.Image source: http://tell.fll.purdue.edu/JapanProj/FLClipart/Medical/burn.gif


Promoting Understanding :Emergency Preparedness

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Story B: Robber Threatens Young Employee With Gun: A 16 year-old employee of a local convenience store was held up at gunpoint late Tuesday night by a robber wearing a hoodie and dark sunglasses. The employee was working alone at the front counter and was in the process of closing the store for the evening. The robber reportedly demanded the employee empty the cash register into a duffel bag, then get down on the floor behind the counter and remain on the floor for 15 minutes. The robber then exited the store. Although the young employee was not physically injured, she was very shaken up by the incident.


Promoting Understanding:Emergency Preparedness

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Story C: Young Construction Worker Falls From Ladder:An 18 year-old house painter, who was painting the second story of a house, fell off his ladder yesterday, breaking both legs. He also suffered severe cuts when he caught his arm on a metal fence during the fall. Co-workers rushed to assist him and called for an ambulance. While waiting for the ambulance, the co-workers carried the employee to the front lawn and then applied pressure to his open wound to stop the bleeding.

Finding SolutionsControlling & Preventing Hazards on the Job

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Preventing Injuries & Illnesses

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In most cases, the best preventions require a change

in the workplace – not a change in worker behavior.


Prevention Strategies

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RemoveRemove the Hazard orBuild a Barrier

ImproveImprove Work Policies & Procedures

UseUse Protective Clothing & Equipment



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Employer Responsibility

Remove the hazard Change equipment to eliminate the hazardCreate a physical barrier between the hazard and a worker






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Employer Responsibility

Establish rules and procedures Enforce rules and proceduresTrain workersProvide information on hazards and safety rules






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Employer ResponsibilityProvide protective clothing and equipmentTrain on its useEmployee ResponsibilityWear and use the clothing and equipment correctly and consistently





Hazard: Heavy Boxes

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Move heavy boxes with forkliftReplace heavy boxes with smaller, lighter boxesLimit the amount of weight a worker is allowed to carryTrain workers to carry heavy objects correctly

Non-slip gloves


Barriers to Solutions

Benefits Costs

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Personal Protective Equipment

Your Last Line of Defense

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An Overview Of Personal Protective Equipment

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The Purpose of PPETypes of PPEPPE ZonesPPE Hazard AssessmentsPPE Shopping


Why wear PPE?

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Barrier against workplace hazards Prevent over exposure

To prevent take home contamination Prevent exposure to others outside of the

work environment


Routes of Exposure

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Inhalation

Absorption

Ingestion

Injection


Types of PPE

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SAFETY GLASSES GLOVESHARD HAT

HEARING PROTECTION FACE SHIELDSAFETY SHOES


PPE Zones

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Head

Torso

Hands

Legs

Feet

Full Body


PPE Hazard Assessmentby Zone

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PPE Zone

Potential Hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Required

Head

Torso

Hands

Legs

Feet

Body


Let’s go Shopping for PPE

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Using Your Completed PPE Hazard Assessments select the appropriate PPE from the Table


Summary

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The three main ways to control workplace hazards are: Remove the hazards/build barrier Improve workplace policies or procedures Use protective clothing or equipment

Although employers are responsible for providing a hazard-free work environment, we all have a responsibility to speak up and take action when we see a hazard or unsafe act.

Finding Your VoiceUnderstanding Your Rights and Responsibilities

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Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at Georgia Tech Research Institute62

The creation of OSHA provided workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace.

Your Right to a…

Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act states: “Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees."

www.osha.gov or call: 1-800-321-OSHA

http://www.osha.gov/


What Rights Do All Employees Have Under OSHA?

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You have the right to: A safe and healthful workplace Know about hazardous chemicals Information about injuries and illnesses in your

workplace Complain or request hazard correction from employer Training Hazard exposure and medical records File a complaint with OSHA Participate in an OSHA inspection Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health

rights


Why are there Child Labor Laws?

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1800’s: Children worked in mines, factories, etc.12-14 hour days, 6 days/week$1/week wageDid not go to schoolOften lost limbs or killed by machinery

What laws could have prevented

this?


Youth Rules!

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Child Labor Laws are designed to protect teens under 18 from: Working long or late hours From doing certain dangerous tasks on the job

Federal regulations updated on July 19, 2010 Where to go for more information:

Youth Rules! Website : http://youthrules.dol.gov/ Wage and Hour Division of Department of Labor :

http://www.dol.gov/whd/

http://www.youthrules.dol.gov/index.htm

http://youthrules.dol.gov/

http://www.dol.gov/whd/childlabor.htm#FactSheets

http://www.dol.gov/whd/


Know Your Rights

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Federal and state labor laws: Set minimum age for some tasks Protect teens from working too long, too late or

too early OSHA says every employer must provide:

A safe workplace Safety training on certain hazards Safety equipment

By law, your employer is not allowed to fire or punish you for reporting a safety problem.


Rules based on age

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AGE JOB TYPES WORKING HOURS18+ Any job, hazardous or not No limits16 and 17

Any non-hazardous job No limits on times or hours

14 and 15

Outside school hours in non-manufacturing, non-mining, and non-hazardous jobs

7AM – 7PM Labor Day to June 1(can’t miss school for work)Max. hours during school: 3 hours/day, 18 hours/week7AM – 9PM June 1 to Labor DayMax. working hours non-school: 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week

Under 14

Can work in business owned by parents, perform babysitting or minor chores around private home, deliver newspapers, perform in radio, television, etc.

Minimum working age is 14


Handling Workplace Safety ProblemsSteps in Problem Solving: Define the problem Get advice Choose your goals Know your rights Decide the best way to talk to

the supervisor If necessary, contact an

outside agency for help.

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Role-Play Scenarios Housekeeping Masonry Apprentice Concert Lifeguard Childcare Restaurant Convenience Store Laboratory Babysitting

Choose Your Topic!

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Workplace Attitudes Even if an employer does everything they

can to prevent work injuries and illnesses, people still become injured while working. Why do you think that is?

Why might a person work around hazards without setting up prevention measures?

People sometimes take risks with things they know are hazards. Can you name some things you or other people do, even though they may be risky?Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.

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Workplace Attitudes

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Can you name some things you or other people would not do, because they are too risky?

How do you decide how much of a risk you are willing to take? How do you know where to draw the line?

Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.


Benefits vs. Costs Each of us has to weigh the costs and

benefits of being safe or taking a risk. We have to decide what balance between these two things is acceptable to us.

Example: Always require two people to be in store during

close-up and cash-out

Source: Work Safe, Work Smart curriculum. Lesson 3.

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Benefits vs. Costs

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Benefits Extra eyes and ears

to keep lookout for strange activity

Feel more secure

Costs More $ cost to the

employer Two jobs can’t be

done at once (takes more time to close-up)


Taking Action

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What can you do if you spot a hazard or feel unsafe?

Why would you speak up or not? Who to contact if there are problems that still

exist? When should I take action or seek outside help? Where to go for more information?


Building Resources

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Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety: Young Worker Zone http://www.ccohs.ca/youngworkers/

Work Safe British Columbia: Young Workers at Risk http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/YoungWorker/Home.asp

International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Safeworkforyouth/lang--en/index.htm

Youth@Work (Safe, fair, productive young working lives) presented by the Government of South Australia http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/youth/

WorkSafe: Saskatchewan (Canada) http://www.worksafesask.ca/Youth

International Resources

http://www.ccohs.ca/youngworkers/

http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/YoungWorker/Home.asp

http://www2.worksafebc.com/Topics/YoungWorker/Home.asp

http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Safeworkforyouth/lang--en/index.htm

http://www.ilo.org/ipec/areas/Safeworkforyouth/lang--en/index.htm

http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/youth/

http://www.worksafesask.ca/Youth


Building Resources

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) www.osha.gov and http://www.youth2work.gov/

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/

Youngworkers.org http://www.youngworkers.org/home.htm *The California Resource Network for Young Workers’ Health and Safety and home of The National Young Worker Safety Resource Center

United States Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division (WHD) Youth Rules! http://www.youthrules.dol.gov/teens/default.htm

National Children’s Center for Rural Agricultural Health and Safety http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/

Gulf Coast Safety Institute www.com.edu/gcsi

National Resources

http://www.osha.gov/

http://www.youth2work.gov/

http://www.youngworkers.org/home.htm

http://www.youthrules.dol.gov/teens/default.htm

http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/nccrahs/

http://www.com.edu/gcsi


Building Resources

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Georgia Department of Education http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ http://www.gadoe.org/

Georgia Department of Education: Career, Technology and Agricultural Education http://www.gadoe.org/ci_cta.aspx

SkillsUSA www.skillsusageorgia.org and www.skillsusa.org Georgia Technology Student Association www.gatsa.org Georgia Engineering and Technology Education Association www.getea.org Georgia Health Occupations Students of America www.georgiahosa.org

Construction Education Foundation of Georgia www.cefga.org Trade and Industrial Educators of Georgia http://tiega.org/ MAGIC "Mentoring a Girl in Construction" , Inc. Summer Camp Program

www.mentoringagirlinconstruction.com Project Safe Georgia www.projectsafegeorgia.org American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)- Georgia Chapter

http://georgia.asse.org/ Georgia Local Section- American Industrial Hygiene Association (GLS-AIHA)

http://www.georgiaaiha.org/

Georgia Local Resources

http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/

http://www.gadoe.org/

http://www.gadoe.org/ci_cta.aspx

http://www.skillsusageorgia.org/

http://www.skillsusa.org/

http://www.gatsa.org/

http://www.getea.org/

http://www.georgiahosa.org/

http://www.cefga.org/

http://www.mentoringagirlinconstruction.com/

http://www.projectsafegeorgia.org/

http://georgia.asse.org/

http://www.georgiaaiha.org/


For More Information

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Email: [email protected] Website: www.youngworker.gatech.edu Twitter: @youngworker Facebook:

http://www.facebook.com/#!/Young.Worker.at.GTRI

Phone: 404-407-8089 Address:

Center for Young Worker Safety and Health at GTRI

260 14th Street Atlanta, GA 30332

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.youngworker.gatech.edu/



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