a presentation

By

Dr. K.P. Singh, IPSDGP (Crime), Haryana

20 January , 2015

Panipat

Combating Trafficking

Human Traffickingis

as prevalent , present & realas

Earth, water and air

REASONS BEHIND HT• Prostitution • Religious Traditions• Labor Exploitation• Organ Trading• Begging , Entertainment• Adoption• Marriages• Pornography• Enmity

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ekuo rLdjh ,d gdhdr gS ekuo rLdjh ,d gdhdr gS

• 22ndnd largest criminal industry after drug trafficking. largest criminal industry after drug trafficking.• 2.70 crore people are victims of HT world wide.2.70 crore people are victims of HT world wide.• 95 % experience physical or sexual violence95 % experience physical or sexual violence• 40 lac prostitutes in India40 lac prostitutes in India• 40 % of them are minor40 % of them are minor• 80 % victims of HT are women & girls80 % victims of HT are women & girls

HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS A REALITYHUMAN TRAFFICKING IS A REALITY

ekuo rLdjh ds fo:} tax fu.kkZ;d lkfcr ugha gqbZ

gSACombating Trafficking has been a

non-priority , neglected and non-priority , neglected and unimportantunimportant area for

the police, the people and the the police, the people and the society society

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euq"; xqyke ugha cuuk pkgrk]

ij] xqykeh ilUn djrk gSA

Man does not want to become slave

but likes slavery and servitude

HUMAN TARFFICKING

ekuo rLdjh dh ifjHkk"kkTraffic in human being means selling and buying men

and women like goods.

'kjhj vkSj Je ds 'kks"k.k ds fy, xktj&ewyh dh rjg

euq";ksa dh [kjhn&Qjks[r djuk gh ekuo rLdjh gSA

Raj Bahadur Vs. Legal RemembranceRaj Bahadur Vs. Legal Remembrance• AIR 1953 Cal. 522AIR 1953 Cal. 522

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SECTION 370 IPC - TRAFFICKING OF PERSONSECTION 370 IPC - TRAFFICKING OF PERSON

ekuo rLdjh dh dkuwuh ifjHkk"kk(1) Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, (a) recruits, (b) transports, (c) harbours, (d) transfers, or (e) receives, a person or persons, by –

First –using threats, or Secondly- using force, or any other form of coercion, or Thirdly- by abduction, orFourthly- by practicing fraud, or deception, orFifthly- by abuse of power, orSixthly- by inducement, including the giving or receiving of payment or benefits, in order to achieve the consent of any person having control over the personcommits the offence of trafficking.

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rLdjh ds f’kdkj yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k

1. Whoever, knowingly or having reason to believe that a minor has been trafficked, engages such minor for sexual exploitation in any manner, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years, but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.

2. Minimum of 3 years to 5 years and fine in case of exploitation of an adult trafficked person.

LEGAL TOOLS FOR COMBAT ekuo rLdjh ls tqM+s dkuwu

- IPC sections 370,370-A, 363,373 & so many others

- PITA 1986- Immoral Trafficking - Juvenile Justice Act 2000 - POCSO, 2012- Child labour prohibition Act, 1976- Child Marriage Restraints Act, 1929- Indecent Representation of women Act 1986- Bonded Labour Act

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ekuo rLdjh ds fo:} vk/kh&v/kwjh tax

ROOTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKINGHuman trafficking is economy driven & demand generated . Demand &Supply nexus

• Poverty Poverty • Illiteracy and Unemployment Illiteracy and Unemployment • Bad governance Bad governance • Skewed DevelopmentSkewed Development• Gender based violenceGender based violence• Demand for the victimsDemand for the victims• Poor enforcement of lawsPoor enforcement of laws• Lack of concern and indifference of the societyLack of concern and indifference of the society

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D;ksafd xjhch cktkj ltkrh gS A vkSjvehjh mu cktkjksa dks xqytkj djrh gSAekuo rLdjh &

fMekaM&lIykbZ dk rkuk&ckuk gSAeqQfylh dk jksuk&/kksuk gSAO;oLFkk dh ukQjekuh gSAlekt dh ekSu Lohd`fr gSAdkuwu dh Hkwy&HkqyS;k gSAO;fDr dh tqjZr gSAihfM+r dh O;Fkk gSA

Dimensions of HT in India Hkkjr esa ekuo rLdjh ds vk;ke- Supplier (Gulf Countries)Supplier (Gulf Countries)- Transit point (For Nepalis and Bangladeshis)- Transit point (For Nepalis and Bangladeshis)- Receiver (From Nepal and Bangladesh)- Receiver (From Nepal and Bangladesh)

Indian share in victims of HT world over is 4.7 %

Young Boys and Girls are trafficked from economically under develop areas to economically well off states within India.

COMBATTING HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Prevention

Protection Prosecution

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ekuo rLdjh ds fo:} tax dk f=dks.k

COMBATING HT FOR PROSTITUTION

Three Models

Suppression : To wipe out (American Model)

Regulation : Accept inevitability of prostitution and direct to prevent and minimize its evil effect (British Model)

Abolition : Of all control It recognizes prostitution as a trade/profession and abolish all restriction and control.

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COMBATING PROSTITUTION: PHILOSOPHICAL CONTOURS

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ISSUES IN COMBATTING TRAFFICKING

1. Laws are potent, enforcement is weak dkuwu etcwr] fdz;kUo;u detksj]• Police not catching the traffickers• Role ambiguity- moral policing vs law enforcement • Treating victims as offenders• Prosecution & Judiciary not properly sensitized• Not enough mechanism and infrastructure • Rohtak Apna Ghar incident• 90 % of the rescued victims have no option but to get re-

trafficked

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2. SOCIETY’S MIND SET

• Not ready to accept victims of human trafficking as equal human beings worth re-integrating with society

• Response of stake holders has been unwelcoming generally with few exceptions

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Family Response

Weep Curse

Forget & Hate

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Police Response

Take Make

Fake & Forget

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Societal Response

Joke Mock

Laugh & Hate

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Protection Home Manager’s Response

Receive

Deceive Abuse &

Dispose

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NGO’s Response

Discovery Recovery

Custody Study

Publish & Rubbish

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Ideal Response

Suppress Prevent

Educate Regulate

Rehabilitate & Re-

integrate

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3. CHANGE APPROACH TOWARDS COMBATING PROSTITUTION

tax dh uhfr cnyuh pkfg, ?

fMekaM &lIykbZ dk dqpdz rksM+uk

• Break demand-supply nexus• Make prostitution per se an offence & customer

liable • Attempt in 2006 to amend PITA failed • Do we have the mechanism & infrastructure to

rehabilitate and reintegrate 40 lac sex workers ?25

4. BREAKING DEMAND SUPPLY CIRCLE (REDUCING DEMAND)

fMekaM dk dqpdz rksM+us dk ldkjkRed lk/ku

• Improve male-female sex ratio• Proper enforcement of MTP & PCPNDT Laws• Educating the masses about importance of girl child• Strengthening moral fiber of the society

• Sex-ratio(0-6) age group- all India- 919, Haryana- 834, improved by 10 points in last decade

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5. BREAKING DEMAND-SUPPLY NEXUS (REDUCING SUPPLY)

lIykbZ dk dqpdz rksM+us ds ldkjkRed lk/ku

• Rehabilitation of children of sex workers • Reintegration of rescued sex workers• Post work rehabilitation of sex workers • Rehabilitation and reintegration of active sex workers • Ujjawala scheme of Govt. of India

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Combating HT for Labour Exploitation

Je 'kks"k.k ds fy, ekuo&rLdjh ds fo:} taxLaws are strict, enforcement is weak

• Demand in every middle class family & in small time business

• Mushrooming of placement service agencies• How to improve enforcement machinery, Non-priority

area• Rehabilitation of the victims, lack of infrastructure• Public to be awakened for not employing children• Disabilities of civil nature for industries employing child

labour• Enforcement of Right to education laws • Definition of child needs revisit• Zero tolerance on child labour

COMBATTING TRAFFICKING FOR COMBATTING TRAFFICKING FOR MARRIAGES MARRIAGES

• Trafficked for marriage, re-trafficked, re-trafficked and so on• Breaking the nexus of re-trafficking • Strict action against traffickers • Such trafficked women become facilitator • Trafficked women are treated second rate

citizen• Protection of civil, personal and social

rights of the trafficked brides and their off-springs

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TRAFFICKING FOR ORGAN TRADE, BEGGING RECREATION, PORNOGRAPHIC PURPOSES

• Laws are strict • Law enforcement agencies need to

be educated and geared up• Focus and priority

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WHAT IS LACKING? deh dgka gS ?

• Orientation (n`f"Vdks.k )• Competency ({kerk )• Will power (bPNk&’kfDr )• Public co-operation (tu≶ksx )• Focus (ladsanz.k ) • Supervision and monitoring

(i;Zos{k.k ,oa leh{kk )31

lgL=kfCn;ksa dh dqizFkk,a ,d fnu esa lekIr ugha gks ldrhA

Way ahead…… lq>ko

•NCRB to collect data•Anti-Human Trafficking Bureau for quality investigation•National Portal on HT where citizen can upload pictures and information about trafficked person•Continuous public awareness campaign •Create adequate infrastructure for rehabilitation and re-integration of victims of HT as per PITA, JJ Act etc.•Central legislation for preventing religious prostitution & begging

• Improve Sex Ratio, • Research should be encouraged in the Universities• Involving civil society,for identification & rehabilitation• Enforcement of existing laws to be ensured.• Accountability of all law enforcement agencies

including Police , Labour deptt, Social Welfare deptt, Health deptt etc. should be fixed for inadequate enforcement of law.

Remember

• Human life is a gift of our Creator and it should never be for sale. -President BushPresident Bush

• ekuo thou fo/kkrk dk ojnku gS ] bls er cspksA bls fcdus er nksA

var esa

Remember

• Human Trafficking is a degradation of our common Humanity - Barrack ObamaBarrack Obama

• ekuo&rLdjh ekuo ds iru dh ekuo&rLdjh ekuo ds iru dh nkLrku gSA nkLrku gSA

var esa

Remember

• Civilization can not sustain unless justice is given to every soul.

• fonzksg dk vadqj vU;k; dh i`"BHkwfe esa gh vadqfjr gksrk gSA

var esa

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