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Appendix: Database of Irish Vaudeville Acts 1865–1905
This database lists Irish vaudeville acts as gleaned from the pages of US newspapers during the course of research for this book. It does not aim to be exhaustive, and for a number of the acts and per-
formers listed, no further information was found in other archive sources. Nevertheless, the database gives a flavor of how Ireland and the Irish were presented on the vaudeville stage, and would be helpful in supporting fur-ther research. In compiling the database, the original sources have been abbreviated as follows:
ADD Akron Daily Democrat (Akron, OH) AR Arizona Republican (Phoenix, AR) BDE Brooklyn Daily Eagle BDR Bisbee Daily Review (Bisbee, AR) BN Bourbon News (Paris, KY) CB Cairo Bulletin (Cairo, IL) CDL Cleveland Daily Leader (Cleveland, OH) CDN Charleston Daily News CF Cambria Freeman (Ebensburg, PA) CL Cleveland Leader (Cleveland, OH) CML Cleveland Morning Leader (Cleveland, OH) CS Coconino Sun (Flagstaff, AR) DA Daily Astorian (Astoria, OR) DB Daily Bulletin (Honolulu, HA) DC The Daily Critic (Washington, DC) DCJ Daily Capital Journal (Salem, OR) DCT The Times (Washington, DC) DD Daily Dispatch (Richmond, VA) DG Daily Globe (St Paul, MN) DNR Daily National Republican (Washington, DC)
176 Appendix
DP Daily Phoenix (Columbia, SC) DPL Daily Public Ledger (Maysville, KY) DT Daily Times (Richmond, VA) DYJ Yellowstone Journal (Miles City, MO) EA Elk Advocate (Elk County, PA) EB Evening Bulletin (Maysville, KY) EC Evening Critic (Washington, DC) ECJ Evening Capital Journal (Salem, OR) ES Evening Star (Washington, DC) ET Evening Times (Washington, DC) EW New York Evening World GDL Guthrie Daily Leader (Guthrie, OK) HEB Honolulu Evening Bulletin HG Hawaiian Gazette HJ Hancock Jeffersonian (Findlay, OH) HR Honolulu Republican HWN Highland Weekly News (Hillsborough, Highland County,
OH) KCJ Kansas City Journal KIA Kentucky Irish American LADH LA Daily Herald LAH LA Herald LDI Lancaster Daily Intelligencer (Lancaster, PA) LR Logan Republican (Logan, UT) MC Morning Call (San Francisco) MDA Memphis Daily Appeal MDL Marietta Daily Leader (Marietta, OH) MJ Minneapolis Journal MP Montana Post MT Morning Times (Washington, DC) NDU Nashville Daily Union NOC New Orleans Crescent NR National Republican (Washington, DC) NUA Nashville Union and American NYS New York Sun NYT New York Times NY Tribune New York Tribune ODB Omaha Daily Bee PCDR Petroleum Centre Daily Record (PA) PD Pittsburgh Dispatch
Appendix 177
PET Philadelphia Evening Telegraph PJ Perrysburg Journal (Perrysburg, OH) PS Paducah Sun (Paducah, KY) RD Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA) RDG Rutland Daily Globe (Rutland, VT) RT The Times (Richmond, VA) SAL San Antonio Light (San Antonio, TX) SCD Stark County Democrat (Canton, OH) SDR Springfield Daily Republic (Springfield, OH) SDRU Sacramento Daily Record-Union SFC San Francisco Call SGR Springfield Globe-Republic (Springfield, OH) SH Sunday Herald (Washington, DC) SHWNI Sunday Herald & Weekly National Intelligencer (Washington, DC) SLED Salt Lake Evening Democrat SLH Salt Lake Herald SLR St Louis Republic SMG Sunday Morning Globe (Washington, DC) SPA St Paul Appeal (St Paul, MN) SPDG St Paul Daily Globe (St Paul, MN) SPG St Paul Globe (St Paul, MN) SS Seattle Star ST Scranton Tribune (Scranton, PA) TC The Columbian (Bloomsburg, PA) TT Tacoma Times (Tacoma, WA) TTO Tiffin Tribune (Tiffin, OH) WAM Weekly Arizona Miner (Prescott, AR) WAT Whig and Tribune (Jackson, TN) WC Washington Critic WCE Wichita City Eagle (Wichita, KA) WDE Waco Daily Examiner (Waco, TX) WE Wichita Eagle (Wichita, KA) WS Watchman and Southron (Sumter, SC) WT Washington Times
178
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1865
“The
Hib
erni
con”
“A sp
lend
id p
anor
ama
of Ir
elan
d,”
with
a le
ctur
e by
Pro
fess
or M
cEvo
y, Ir
ish so
ngs b
y “M
isses
G
ooda
ll an
d Ta
ylor
,” an
d “c
omic
aliti
es”
from
Jo
hn H
eron
.
CM
L, F
ebru
ary
24, 1
865.
John
Her
onA
ppea
red
in “
The
Hib
erni
con”
in F
ebru
ary
and
Mar
ch 1
865,
in a
“mat
chle
ss d
elin
eatio
n of
Irish
ch
arac
ter.”
Pla
yed
the
char
acte
r of “
Barn
ey th
e G
uide
” in
“th
e ro
arin
g fa
rce
The
Irish
Lio
n.”
Thi
s cha
ract
er a
ppea
rs a
gain
in th
e H
iber
nico
ns
stag
ed in
186
7 an
d 18
70.
CM
L, M
arch
14,
186
5.
CL,
June
, 10
1865
.
Dan
Bry
ant
Rep
ort o
n th
e fo
rmer
bla
ckfa
ce p
erfo
rmer
’s Ir
ish
char
acte
rs a
s he
perf
orm
ed th
em in
Dub
lin.
Late
r rep
ort n
otes
that
he
had
a “b
rillia
nt c
aree
r as
a d
elin
eato
r of I
rish
char
acte
r.”
DN
R, J
uly
10, 1
865.
D
NR
, Sep
tem
ber 1
3,18
65.
J. J O
’Sul
livan
Irish
com
edia
n.C
DN
, Aug
ust 2
1,18
65.
Ben
Whe
eler
Irish
voc
alist
and
com
edia
n.N
DU
, Oct
ober
17,1
865.
Mr a
nd M
rs W
. J
Flor
ence
“The
Irish
Boy
and
Yan
kee
Girl
.” A
ppea
red
in sk
etch
es e
ntitl
ed “
Born
to G
ood
Luck
,” “M
ischi
evou
s Ann
ie,”
“Iris
h Li
on,”
“Tw
ice
Mar
ried,
” an
d “T
he Y
anke
e H
ouse
keep
er.”
DN
R, O
ctob
er 1
9, 1
865.
D
NR
, Oct
ober
20,
1865
.
Mr a
nd M
rs F
rank
Rea
Perf
orm
ed a
sele
ctio
n of
Am
eric
an, E
nglis
h,
Scot
tish,
and
Irish
mel
odie
s.D
NR
, Dec
embe
r 4,1
865.
179
1866
‘The
Irish
Rep
ublic
’A
circ
us-t
ype
show
, with
act
s inc
ludi
ng T
he
Feni
an B
roth
ers,
“cel
ebra
ted
acro
bats
and
tu
mbl
ers”
; a c
low
n na
med
Mr O
’Myh
oney
who
ju
mpe
d an
d so
mer
saul
ted
thro
ugh
a Br
itish
cr
own
plac
ed in
the
ring;
a “
lear
ned
elep
hant
” na
med
Mr S
wee
ney;
and
a m
usic
al in
terlu
de
entit
led
“How
Are
You
, Har
p of
Erin
.”
PET,
Mar
ch 1
7, 1
866,
3rd
Edn
.: 6.
The
Hib
erni
con
With
new
scen
es in
clud
ing
the
land
ing
of S
t Pa
tric
k in
Irel
and,
the
Batt
le o
f Clo
ntar
f and
a
lake
by
moo
nlig
ht.
CD
L, A
pril
26, 1
866.
“And
y Bl
ake,
Or T
he
Irish
Dia
mon
d”Sk
etch
con
clud
ing
a va
riety
bill
per
form
ed b
y W
alte
r Bra
y’s D
ram
atic
and
Con
cert
Tro
upe.
MP,
June
16,
186
6.
Mr a
nd M
rs W
.J Fl
oren
ce“M
r Flo
renc
e gi
ves h
is in
imita
ble
‘Pad
dy
Raf
fert
y’ a
nd th
e ‘R
etur
ned
Volu
ntee
r.’”
PET,
Sep
tem
ber 1
0,18
66, 4
th E
dn.:
8.
Dan
Bry
ant
Perf
orm
ed fo
ur d
iffer
ent c
hara
cter
s, sa
ng “
The
G
reen
Abo
ve th
e R
ed,”
and
danc
ed “
The
R
uctio
n Jig
” an
d “M
acgi
llicu
ddy’s
Ree
l.”
PET,
Nov
embe
r 17,1
866,
4th
Edn
.: 3.
Mr a
nd M
rs B
arne
y W
illia
ms
“Orig
inal
impe
rson
ator
s of I
rish
and
Yank
ee li
fe
in A
mer
ica
and
Euro
pe.”
PET,
Dec
embe
r 21,
186
6, F
ourt
h Ed
n.: 3
.
1867
“The
Hib
erni
con,
or,
A To
ur in
Irel
and”
A “m
usic
al a
nd p
anor
amic
exh
ibiti
on”
with
C
harle
s Mac
Evoy
in th
e rol
e of B
arne
y th
e Gui
de.
CD
N, M
ay 0
8, 1
867.
cont
inue
d
180
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
“Our
Fat
her S
ould
C
harc
oal”
Irish
sket
ch.
PET,
Sep
tem
ber 3
, 186
7, 4
th E
dn.:
5.
Mr a
nd M
rs W
.H D
avis
App
eare
d in
a v
arie
ty e
nter
tain
men
t inc
ludi
ng
Irish
sing
ing.
EA, N
ovem
ber 7
, 186
7.
O’B
aldw
in“I
rish
gian
t and
pug
ilist
.”N
R, D
ecem
ber 1
3, 1
867.
1868
The
Flo
renc
es“D
elin
eatio
ns o
f Iris
h an
d Ya
nkee
cha
ract
ers.”
NO
C, M
arch
17,
186
8: 6
.“I
rish
Sold
ier”
A “c
omed
iett
a” p
erfo
rmed
at t
he V
arie
ties
The
atre
, New
Orle
ans.
NO
C, M
arch
18,
186
8: 4
.
Will
iam
Car
leto
nIr
ish c
omed
ian
and
voca
list.
PET,
July
20,
186
8, 5
th E
dn.:
8.“T
he N
ew H
iber
nico
n”“A
fine
mov
ing
pano
ram
a ill
ustr
atin
g so
me
of
the
mos
t str
ikin
g sc
ener
y in
the
old
coun
try.”
NYS
, Sep
tem
ber 7
, 186
8.
Miss
Sal
lie E
ldrid
geIr
ish “s
ongs
ter”
and
dan
cer.
NU
A, O
ctob
er 2
1, 1
868.
1869
Will
iam
Car
leto
n A
ppea
red
in a
bur
lesq
ue e
ntitl
ed “
The
Dub
lin
Dan
cing
Mas
ter.”
A
lso p
erfo
rmed
“hi
s gre
at Ir
ish c
hara
cter
, Pat
M
cCan
n.”
PET,
Mar
ch 9
, 186
9, 4
th E
dn.:
3.
PET,
Mar
ch 1
1, 1
869,
5th
Edn
.: 3.
Dan
Bry
ant
Perf
orm
ed “s
ome
livel
y sk
etch
es in
the
Hib
erni
an
line.”
NO
C, M
arch
21,
186
9, M
orni
ng E
dn.:
3.
John
Col
lins
Irish
com
edia
n an
d vo
calis
t.PE
T, M
ay 1
1, 1
869,
5th
Edn
.: 5.
181
G.H
. Gra
dyM
embe
r of a
trou
pe c
alled
Fou
r Sta
r Clo
wns
, in
whi
ch h
e per
form
ed Ir
ish a
nd D
utch
del
inea
tions
.H
J, M
ay 1
4, 1
869.
Fann
ie D
eVer
e an
d Fa
nny
May
Irish
jig
danc
ers.
MD
A, O
ctob
er 6
, 186
9.
1870
John
Col
lins
Irish
com
edia
n an
d vo
calis
t.PE
T, Ja
nuar
y 24
, 187
0, 4
th E
dn.:
5.“T
he H
iber
nico
n”En
tert
ainm
ent t
akin
g th
e fo
rm o
f a to
ur in
Ir
elan
d, w
ith m
usic
sung
by
Jerr
y C
ohan
who
pl
ayed
the
role
of B
arne
y th
e G
uide
.
CD
N, M
arch
19,
187
0.
CD
N, M
arch
22,
187
0.
Mr a
nd M
rs B
arne
y W
illia
ms
App
eare
d in
“Ir
ish c
omic
aliti
es.”
WA
M, A
pril
9, 1
870.
Har
ry a
nd R
ose
Wat
kins
“Iris
h de
linea
tions
.”M
DA
, May
2, 1
870.
Whe
eler
Fam
ilyIn
clud
ed M
r Whe
eler
as a
n Ir
ish c
omed
ian.
CF,
Aug
ust 4
, 187
0.Fr
ank
Dre
w“I
rish
com
edia
n, v
ocal
ist a
nd b
urle
sque
re
pres
enta
tive.”
PET,
Nov
embe
r 4, 1
870,
4th
Edn
.: 3.
McC
arth
y M
inst
rels
Incl
uded
Har
ry M
cCar
thy,
a “f
irst c
lass
min
stre
l an
d bu
rlesq
ue d
elin
eato
r of n
egro
cha
ract
er”
who
also
app
eare
d in
oth
er c
omic
cha
ract
ers
incl
udin
g N
ed R
yan,
the
Irish
em
igra
nt.
NU
A, D
ecem
ber 2
0, 1
870.
1871
Joe
Mur
phy
Perf
orm
ed Ir
ish, D
utch
, and
Eth
iopi
an
char
acte
rs.
ES, J
anua
ry 3
1, 1
871.
cont
inue
d
182
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Dr C
orry
’s Ir
elan
d in
Sh
ade
and
Suns
hine
“The
larg
est a
nd b
est p
anor
ama
of th
e Em
eral
d Is
le,”
acco
mpa
nied
by
song
s, sk
etch
es, d
ance
s, an
d Ir
ish v
ocal
ists a
nd c
omed
ians
.
PET,
Apr
il 7,
187
1, 5
th E
dn.:
3.
Ned
O’B
aldw
in, t
he
Irish
Gia
nt.
The
“cel
ebra
ted
cham
pion
of t
he fi
stic
are
na”
appe
ared
on
the
bill
at th
e O
lym
pic
Varie
ties.
MD
A, O
ctob
er 2
7, 1
871.
Kir
win
and
Bas
kin’
s H
iber
nian
Min
stre
lsIn
clud
ed A
cton
E. K
elly
as P
rofe
ssor
O
’Sha
ughn
essy
on
Hom
e an
d C
urre
nt A
ffairs
, an
d a
com
edia
n ca
lled
And
y C
arla
nd w
ho
impe
rson
ated
an
old
Irish
wom
an.
PCD
R, O
ctob
er 2
8, 1
871.
1872
John
Col
lins
Irish
com
edia
n.D
NR
, Jan
uary
22,
187
2.N
ed O
’Bal
dwin
, the
Ir
ish G
iant
Took
par
t in
a sp
arrin
g m
atch
at t
he V
arie
ties
thea
tre,
Pitt
sbur
gh.
NYS
, Feb
ruar
y 5,
187
2.
The
Car
leto
nsW
illia
m C
arle
ton
and
his w
ife a
ppea
red
in
“Gem
s of E
rin.”
WAT
, Feb
ruar
y 10
, 187
2.
NU
A, M
arch
2 1
872.
K
elly
An
Irish
com
edia
n w
ith D
’atal
le’s
Gai
etie
s C
omiq
ue tr
oupe
.D
NR
, Mar
ch 3
0, 1
872.
T.G
. Rig
gsIr
ish c
omed
ian.
MD
A, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
872.
1873
Pat R
oone
yPe
rfor
med
Irish
spec
ialti
es a
t Was
hing
ton’
s T
heat
re C
omiq
ue.
NR
, Feb
ruar
y 14
, 187
3.
183
Will
iam
Car
leto
n“D
istin
guish
ed Ir
ish c
omed
ian.
”N
R, F
ebru
ary
14, 1
873.
Jenn
y G
ilmer
“Ple
asin
g Ir
ish a
ctre
ss a
nd so
ngst
ress
.”N
R, F
ebru
ary
14, 1
873.
Act
on K
elly
App
eare
d as
Bar
ney
the
Gui
de in
Mac
Evoy
’s H
iber
nico
n.C
DN
, Feb
ruar
y 25
, 187
3.
“Iris
h Tu
tor”
A “r
ollic
king
farc
e” c
oncl
udin
g a
varie
ty b
ill a
t W
ashi
ngto
n’s T
heat
re C
omiq
ue.
ES, M
arch
19,
187
3.
The
Fie
ldin
gsA
ppea
red
in a
n Ir
ish sk
etch
ent
itled
“T
he
Begg
ars o
f Ire
land
.”N
YS, M
arch
28,
187
3.
Bake
r and
Far
ron
Perf
orm
ed D
utch
and
Irish
spec
ialti
es in
a sk
etch
en
title
d “C
hris
and
Lena
.”N
R, M
ay 1
6, 1
873.
“Mur
phy’s
Shi
rt”
Sket
ch c
oncl
udin
g va
riety
bill
at W
ashi
ngto
n’s
The
atre
Com
ique
.N
R, O
ctob
er 2
1, 1
873.
Shie
l Bar
ryPe
rfor
med
Irish
cha
ract
ers.
LAD
H, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
873.
1874
“Kee
gan’
s Tai
lor S
hop”
An
Irish
“com
edie
tta” t
hat p
ortr
ayed
“with
a br
oad
penc
il th
e con
tras
t bet
wee
n th
e Am
eric
an-I
rish
and
the o
ld-fa
shio
ned
folk
s of t
he E
mer
ald
Isle.
”
NYT
, Jan
uary
4, 1
874.
“Pat
and
Bid
dy”
Sket
ch re
ferr
ed to
as “
as Ir
ish a
s a g
reen
nec
k-tie
.”N
R, J
anua
ry 1
3, 1
874.
Dal
ley’s
Hist
oric
H
iber
nia
Pano
ram
ic v
iew
s of I
rela
nd to
geth
er w
ith Ir
ish
song
s and
sket
ches
.T
TO
, Feb
ruar
y 5,
187
4.
Mac
Evoy
’s N
ew
Hib
erni
con:
Or,
Irel
and
in A
mer
ica
Incl
uded
W. F
Law
lor a
s Bar
ney
the
Gui
de, N
eal
Con
way
per
form
ing
Irish
jigs
, and
the
singe
rs
Kat
e R
eilly
and
Mar
y M
cCre
a.
NU
A, F
ebru
ary
22, 1
874.
cont
inue
d
184
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Jose
ph M
urph
yA
ppea
red
in “
Irish
, Dut
ch, N
egro
, and
Chi
nese
co
med
y.”LA
DH
, Jul
y 23
, 187
4.
Bake
r’s G
rand
H
iber
nian
Gem
sA
pano
ram
a of
Irish
scen
ery,
inte
rspe
rsed
with
Ir
ish so
ngs a
nd c
hara
cter
s, on
the
bill
at th
e R
oyal
Haw
aiia
n T
heat
re.
HG
, Oct
ober
28,
187
4.
Hea
ley
and
Coh
an’s
Hib
erni
ana
Incl
uded
Jerr
y C
ohan
’s Ir
ish d
elin
eatio
ns.
SCD
, Dec
embe
r 31,
187
4: 5
.
1875
Mr M
aas
Part
of M
rs M
aas’s
Tro
upe,
in w
hich
he
perf
orm
ed a
s “a
perf
ect d
arke
y, an
inim
itabl
e D
utch
man
, [an
d] a
rolli
ckin
g Ir
ishm
an.”
DP,
Feb
ruar
y 25
, 187
5.
Dr H
eale
y’s H
iber
nian
G
ems
Incl
uded
Dan
Mor
ris a
s Bar
ney
the
Gui
de a
nd
Dub
lin D
an, C
on T
Mur
phy
as th
e le
ctur
er
and
tour
ist, J
osie
Mor
ris “
the
dear
litt
le Ir
ish
sham
rock
,” an
d N
ora
O’B
rien
“the
bea
utifu
l lit
tle Ir
ish c
olle
en.”
NU
A, M
arch
17,
187
5.
Mur
phy
and
Mor
ton
Irish
song
and
dan
ce a
rtist
s.N
R, M
arch
17,
187
5.Be
n W
heel
erIr
ish c
hara
cter
s.LA
DH
, Mar
ch 1
8, 1
875:
3.
Bord
wel
l’s M
irror
of
Irel
and
Incl
uded
the
Irish
Com
edy
Com
pany
.N
UA
, Mar
ch 2
5, 1
875.
Ed M
urra
y an
d A
lice
Ros
sIr
ish sk
etch
team
.N
R, M
arch
31,
187
5.
185
Har
ry K
erne
ll“M
irth-
prov
okin
g Ir
ish c
omed
ian.
”N
R, A
pril
13, 1
875.
Fran
k M
ara
Irish
com
edia
n.N
R, M
ay 3
, 187
5.W
illia
m a
nd S
adie
H
asso
n“I
rish
and
Neg
ro sk
etch
es.”
NR
, May
6, 1
875.
Bob
Scot
t“I
rish
char
acte
r, vo
calis
t, di
alog
ue a
nd sp
ecia
lty
artis
t.”N
R, M
ay 1
0, 1
875.
Billy
Car
roll
Irish
com
edia
n.N
R, J
une
8, 1
875.
Ann
ie a
nd A
ndy
Hug
hes
“Iris
h di
alec
t, so
ng a
nd d
ance
art
ists”
who
pe
rfor
med
in a
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
The
Irish
Se
rvan
ts.”
NR
, Aug
ust 2
3, 1
875.
N
R, A
ugus
t 25,
187
5.
Har
rigan
and
Har
tA
ppea
red
in n
ew p
lay
entit
led
“The
Doy
le
Brot
hers
.”N
R, S
epte
mbe
r 20,
187
5.
Jam
es W
elch
and
Mau
d Le
moi
neIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
NR
, Sep
tem
ber 1
8, 1
875.
N
R, N
ovem
ber 2
5, 1
875.
M
cCul
loug
h an
d Fr
iels
Irish
cha
ract
eriz
atio
ns.
NR
, Sep
tem
ber 2
8, 1
875.
Mac
Evoy
’s N
ew
Hib
erni
con
Irish
com
edy
and
spec
ialty
com
pany
, inc
ludi
ng
the
Hib
erni
an M
inst
rels.
MD
A, D
ecem
ber 1
5, 1
875.
C
B, D
ecem
ber 1
6, 1
875.
1876
Mur
phy
and
Mac
kIr
ish c
hara
cter
art
ists.
NR
, Jan
uary
24,
187
6.Jo
hn a
nd M
aggi
e Fi
eldi
ngIr
ish c
hara
cter
art
ists.
NR
, Feb
ruar
y 7,
187
6.
John
Will
iam
sIr
ish so
ngs a
nd d
ance
s.N
R, F
ebru
ary
22, 1
876.
cont
inue
d
186
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Con
roy
and
Dal
yIr
ish c
omed
ians
, app
eare
d in
a sk
etch
ent
itled
“T
roub
les i
n a
Tene
men
t.”BD
E, M
ay 2
, 187
6: 4
.
McG
ill a
nd S
tron
g’s
Min
stre
l Com
pany
Pano
ram
ic v
iew
s of I
rela
nd to
geth
er w
ith
sket
ches
and
song
s. C
ompa
ny w
as h
eade
d by
Sa
die
McG
ill a
nd B
ryan
O’L
ynn.
RD
G, M
ay 2
5, 1
876.
Dan
Nas
hIr
ish c
omed
ian.
RD
G, O
ctob
er 2
0, 1
876.
Hug
h Fa
yIr
ish c
omed
ian.
NR
, Nov
embe
r 16,
187
6.Sc
anla
n an
d C
roni
nIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
R, N
ovem
ber 2
0, 1
876.
1877
Shee
han
and
Jone
sIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
R, O
ctob
er 2
9, 1
877.
Ferg
uson
and
Mac
k“A
utoc
rats
of I
rish
com
edy.”
NR
, Oct
ober
19,
187
7.J.
F W
ard
Irish
com
edia
n.N
R, D
ecem
ber 1
7, 1
877.
1878
Hea
ley’
s Hib
erni
an
Min
stre
lsIn
clud
ed M
cEvo
y’s H
iber
nian
Irish
Brig
ade.
WC
E, Ja
nuar
y 3,
187
8.
Sello
n an
d Bu
rns
“The
Irish
Gia
nts.”
NR
, Feb
ruar
y 26
, 187
8.M
alki
n an
d Br
yan
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NR
, Aug
ust 2
6, 1
878.
Mau
d Pa
lmer
Perf
orm
ed “
Irish
gem
s.”N
R, A
ugus
t 26,
187
8.M
acki
n an
d Br
yant
Perf
orm
ed Ir
ish sp
ecia
lties
.N
R, S
epte
mbe
r 3, 1
878.
187
Hib
erni
an T
roub
adou
rs“D
elin
eato
rs o
f pur
e an
d un
adul
tera
ted
Irish
wit
and
com
edy.”
HW
N, S
epte
mbe
r 26,
187
8.
Billy
and
Nel
lie H
asso
nIr
ish sk
etch
team
.N
R, N
ovem
ber 1
9, 1
878.
Ger
in a
nd H
ayde
nG
erm
an a
nd Ir
ish sp
ecia
lties
.D
G, N
ovem
ber 2
2, 1
878.
1879
“The
Irish
Pia
no-F
our”
Com
edy
sket
ch.
NR
, Jul
y 1,
187
9.D
ick
and
Fitz
gera
ldPe
rfor
med
“Et
hiop
ian
scen
es”
and
“Iris
h di
alec
t re
cita
tions
.”D
G, N
ovem
ber 5
, 187
9.
Dea
na a
nd Jo
hn
Shep
ard
Irish
sket
ch te
am.
DG
, Nov
embe
r 23,
187
9.
1880
Billy
Wyl
ieIr
ish c
omed
ian,
refe
rred
to a
s “a
varie
ty a
ctor
of
som
e re
puta
tion.
” LD
I, Ja
nuar
y 1,
188
0.
LDI,
Janu
ary
6, 1
880.
H
arry
and
John
Ker
nell
“Orig
inal
Irish
com
ique
s.”LD
I, Ja
nuar
y 6,
188
0.G
eorg
e W
. Hun
ter
Irish
com
edia
n.LD
I, Fe
brua
ry 1
3, 1
880.
Arc
hie
McC
arth
y, “t
he
Irish
neg
ro.”
Perf
orm
ed th
e ch
arac
ter “
McC
orm
ick
the
Cop
per”
with
the
New
Orle
ans M
inst
rels.
DD
, Mar
ch 5
, 188
0.
How
ard
and
Coy
ne“G
reat
impe
rson
ator
s of I
rish
char
acte
r.”SH
, Mar
ch 2
1, 1
880.
Con
way
and
Ega
nIr
ish v
ocal
ists a
nd d
ance
rs.
SH, A
pril
4, 1
880.
cont
inue
d
188
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1881
Dan
Mor
ris S
ulliv
an’s
“Mirr
or o
f Ire
land
” an
d th
e Ir
ish C
omed
y C
ompa
ny.
Prog
ram
me
incl
uded
“A T
rip T
hrou
gh th
e Em
eral
d Is
le.”
SDRU
, Mar
ch 2
1, 1
881.
Gus
Hill
’s Va
rietie
sVa
riety
com
pany
incl
udin
g “D
utch
, Iris
h an
d N
egro
ecc
entr
iciti
es.”
DA
, Apr
il 17
, 188
1.
Ferg
uson
and
Mac
kIr
ish c
omed
ians
.LD
I, M
ay 2
6, 1
881.
Har
ry M
ulle
nIr
ish c
omed
ian.
EC, J
uly
25, 1
881.
Kel
ly a
nd H
anly
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.T
C, A
ugus
t 5, 1
881.
Hea
ley’
s Hib
erni
an
Min
stre
lsSh
ow in
clud
ed tw
o Ir
ish “e
nd m
en,”
nine
teen
va
udev
ille
artis
ts, a
nd “
the
beau
tiful
scen
ery
of
Irel
and.
”
LDA
, Sep
tem
ber 1
7, 1
881.
1882
“Mul
doon
’s Pi
cnic
”“T
hat f
unni
est o
f Iris
h sk
etch
es,”
with
the d
ialec
t ac
tors
John
Gilb
ert a
nd Jo
hn H
art a
s the
char
acte
rs
of M
ike M
uldo
on a
nd D
enni
s Mul
cahe
y.
LDI,
Febr
uary
8, 1
882.
“Mul
doon
’s Bl
unde
rs, o
r T
hat M
an F
rom
Gal
way
”K
elly
and
Rya
n co
med
y sk
etch
. LD
I, Fe
brua
ry 1
5, 1
882.
LD
I, Fe
brua
ry 1
6, 1
882.
“I
rish
Serv
ants
”A
“lau
ghab
le Ir
ish sk
etch
” pe
rfor
med
by
a te
am
calle
d T
he T
wo
Hug
hes.
OD
B, M
arch
6, 1
882:
8.
189
Flor
a M
oore
Perf
orm
ed Ir
ish so
ngs a
nd im
itatio
ns.
OD
B, M
arch
6, 1
882:
8.
Jas C
. Ken
nery
and
C
has H
agen
Irish
team
.W
DE,
Mar
ch 1
8, 1
882.
Cha
rles M
cCar
thy
and
Geo
rge
Mon
roe
App
eare
d in
a “
Chi
nese
Irish
sket
ch.”
NR
, Jun
e 5,
188
2.
Padd
y an
d El
la M
urph
y“R
efin
ed Ir
ish sk
etch
art
ists.”
EC, J
uly
3, 1
882.
Mag
gie
Clin
e“D
elin
eato
r of I
rish
com
ical
ities
.”EC
, Jul
y 17
, 188
2.“T
he Ir
ish E
mig
rant
s”Sk
etch
feat
urin
g th
e di
alec
t tea
m M
ark
and
Vale
ntin
e.D
G, J
uly
30, 1
882.
“Iris
h W
idow
s”Sk
etch
feat
urin
g th
e Ir
ish c
omed
ians
Con
don
and
Cav
y.EC
, Aug
ust 2
2, 1
882.
“Iris
h Pa
trol
”Sk
etch
incl
uded
on
varie
ty b
ill a
t the
Ful
ton
Ope
ra H
ouse
.LD
I, A
ugus
t 26,
188
2.
Kel
ly a
nd R
yan
Perf
orm
ance
com
prise
d of
“lo
cal t
ake-
offs
and
Irish
wit.
”O
DB,
Dec
embe
r 2, 1
882.
“O’R
eilly
’s Pa
rty”
Irish
sket
ch fe
atur
ing
Mur
ray
and
Mur
phy,
conc
lude
d a
min
stre
l sho
w b
y “T
he B
ig F
our”
M
inst
rel C
ompa
ny.
DG
, Dec
embe
r 10,
188
2.
Kel
ly a
nd R
yan
“A v
ery
refin
ed a
nd p
leas
ing
Irish
sket
ch.”
SLH
, Dec
embe
r 14,
188
2.Fl
ora
Moo
re“O
ne o
f the
bes
t fem
ale
Irish
spec
ialty
pe
rfor
mer
s on
the
Am
eric
an st
age.”
SLH
, Dec
embe
r 14,
188
2.
cont
inue
d
190
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1883
“McS
orle
y’s In
flatio
n”H
arrig
an a
nd H
art p
lay.
NY
Trib
une,
Janu
ary
28, 1
883:
7.
Mur
phy
and
Mac
kIr
ish im
pers
onat
ors.
NR
, Feb
ruar
y 2,
188
3: 6
.El
len
Bank
s“T
he o
nly
lady
in th
e co
untr
y w
ho d
oes I
rish
char
acte
r in
mal
e at
tire.”
DG
, Feb
ruar
y 18
, 188
3: 6
.
“Squ
atte
r Sov
erei
gnty
”H
arrig
an a
nd H
art p
lay,
“illu
stra
t[ing
] the
life
of
the
‘shan
ty Ir
ish’ o
n th
e ou
tski
rts o
f New
Yor
k.”
DG
, Feb
ruar
y 18
, 188
3: 4
.
Han
ley
and
Loga
nA
ct b
illed
as “
The
Sle
nder
Six
Foo
t Nig
s.”D
G, A
pril
8, 1
883:
7.
The
Fou
r Sha
mro
cks
Irish
var
iety
team
, app
eare
d in
a sk
etch
ent
itled
“F
elix
Bra
dley
’s Su
rpris
e.”BD
E, M
ay 1
3, 1
883:
2.
Swee
ny a
nd R
ylan
dBi
lled
as th
e “I
rish
auto
crat
s.”D
G, J
une
24, 1
883:
1.
Belle
Gra
yIr
ish c
hara
cter
art
ist.
DG
, Jun
e 24
, 188
3: 6
.Ba
rry
and
Fay
Tour
ed N
ew E
ngla
nd w
ith th
eir I
rish
Aris
tocr
acy
Com
pany
.D
G, A
ugus
t 29,
188
3.
1884
“Mul
cahy
’s Ju
bile
e”Ir
ish p
lay
perf
orm
ed a
t Ton
y Pa
stor
’s th
eatr
e fe
atur
ing
Dan
Sul
ly.N
YS, J
anua
ry 2
9, 1
884.
Mor
ren
and
Nor
ton
“The
nea
t Iris
h sk
etch
team
.”SP
DG
, Mar
ch 2
, 188
4: 6
.“I
rish
Aris
tocr
acy”
With
Hug
h Fa
y as
“th
e w
ould
-be
arist
ocra
tic
Irish
man
” an
d Bi
lly B
arry
as “
his j
olly
old
-fa
shio
ned
frie
nd.”
SPD
G, M
arch
20,
188
4.
191
The
Irish
Fou
rVa
riety
team
.SL
H, A
pril
6, 1
884.
McG
owan
and
O’N
eill
Irish
sket
ch te
am.
DYJ
, May
11,
188
4.Sh
erid
an a
nd F
lynn
Bille
d as
“T
he M
ilesia
n M
imic
s,” a
ppea
red
in a
n Ir
ish sk
etch
ent
itled
“T
he C
rank
y M
icks
.”SA
L, M
ay 1
7, 1
884.
The
Car
leto
nsIr
ish te
am.
DYJ
, May
22,
188
4.Ed
C. K
enne
dyIr
ish c
omed
ian.
SPD
G, S
epte
mbe
r 21,
188
4: 6
.T
he F
our C
omet
sVa
udev
ille
team
incl
udin
g tw
o pe
rfor
mer
s “of
th
e ol
d hu
mor
ous t
ype
of H
iber
nian
s.”SP
DG
, Nov
embe
r 24,
188
4: 5
.
Sulli
van
and
Cas
eyPe
rfor
med
“br
eakn
eck
Irish
song
s and
dan
ces.”
SPD
G, N
ovem
ber 2
4, 1
884:
5.
1885
“The
Em
igra
nts”
Sket
ch fe
atur
ing
Bake
r and
Far
ron
that
incl
uded
“I
rish
busin
ess.”
SGR
, Feb
ruar
y 22
, 188
5.
Wel
ker a
nd H
ucki
nsIr
ish sk
etch
team
.SG
R, M
ay 3
, 188
5.“D
ynam
ite”
Irish
com
edy
with
Bar
ry a
nd F
ay.
SPD
G, M
ay 1
8, 1
885:
8.
Billy
Wol
fIr
ish c
omed
ian.
SAL,
June
8, 1
885.
“Tw
o M
en o
f San
dy
Bar”
Irish
com
edy
afte
rpie
ce w
ith D
onne
lly a
nd
Dre
w.SP
DG
, Jul
y 22
, 188
5: 3
.
“Unn
eigh
borly
N
eigh
bors
”Ir
ish c
omed
y af
terp
iece
with
Don
nelly
and
Dre
w.SP
DG
, Jul
y 29
, 188
5: 3
.
“Rile
y’s B
irthd
ay P
arty
”Ir
ish c
omed
y af
terp
iece
with
Don
nelly
and
Dre
w.SP
DG
, Aug
ust 6
, 188
5: 3
.
cont
inue
d
192
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
“The
Big
Ham
Bon
e”Ir
ish c
omed
y af
terp
iece
with
Don
nelly
and
D
rew.
SAL,
Nov
embe
r 12,
188
5.
O’B
rien
and
Red
ding
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.SP
DG
, Nov
embe
r 15,
188
5.“T
rale
e”Ir
ish c
omed
y af
terp
iece
with
Don
nelly
and
Dre
w.SA
L, N
ovem
ber 2
8, 1
885.
“Mrs
Mal
oney
’s Bo
arde
rs”
Irish
com
edy
afte
rpie
ce w
ith D
onne
lly a
nd D
rew.
SAL,
Nov
embe
r 28,
188
5.
1886
How
orth
’s H
iber
nica
Show
pre
sent
ing
“pan
oram
ic v
iew
s of t
he
Emer
ald
Isle
” an
d in
clud
ing
a co
med
y pi
ece
entit
led
“Tw
o D
ans.”
WS,
Janu
ary
19, 1
886
DT,
Dec
embe
r 15,
188
6.
Har
rigan
’s H
iber
nian
C
ompa
ny o
f Iris
h an
d A
mer
ican
Tou
rists
Incl
uded
scen
es o
f Ire
land
and
Tim
and
Jerr
y C
ohan
as g
uide
s.T
C, J
anua
ry 2
2, 1
886.
Mile
s Mor
risIr
ish c
omed
ian.
OD
B, M
arch
3, 1
886:
5.
Sam
Rya
nIr
ish c
omed
ian.
LDI,
Mar
ch 1
2, 1
886.
Fred
W. M
illis
Perf
orm
ed a
rang
e of
cha
ract
ers,
incl
udin
g on
e ca
lled
Mr M
uldo
on.
DB,
Mar
ch 1
7, 1
886.
John
Fox
Irish
com
edia
n. P
erfo
rmed
Irish
song
s and
sa
ying
s. N
R, M
arch
31,
188
6.
WC
, Apr
il 2,
188
6.
Har
ry K
erne
ll an
d Sa
m
Ryan
Irish
spec
ialti
es.
LDI,
Sept
embe
r 18,
188
6.
193
“Dun
c M
cDon
ald’
s A
rriv
al”
Irish
com
edy
sket
ch.
SLED
, Nov
embe
r 29,
188
6.
Hef
fern
an a
nd
McD
onal
d“T
he Ir
ish E
mba
ssad
ors [
sic ].”
WC
, Dec
embe
r 2, 1
886.
“The
O’R
eaga
ns”
Edw
ard
Har
rigan
pla
y.N
Y Tr
ibun
e, D
ecem
ber 9
, 188
6: 4
.
1887
Arm
stro
ng a
nd M
cBrid
eA
n “I
rish
Tour
ist C
ompa
ny”
act.
SPD
G, J
anua
ry 2
, 188
7: 5
.“P
at’s
War
drob
e”Ir
ish c
omed
y w
ith P
at a
nd K
atie
Roo
ney.
SDR
, Jan
uary
17,
188
7.G
ibso
n an
d Ry
anIr
ish c
omed
ians
, app
eare
d in
“M
uldo
on’s
Picn
ic.”
NR
, Jan
uary
22,
188
7.
John
T. K
elly
Irish
com
edia
n, a
ppea
red
in sk
etch
ent
itled
“O
ur
Irish
Boa
rder
s.”SP
DG
, Jan
uary
31,
188
7: 3
.
John
C. F
ox a
nd
Tho
mas
F. W
atso
nIr
ish a
ct, w
ith W
atso
n dr
esse
d as
a w
oman
.SD
R, A
pril
25, 1
887.
McG
rego
r and
Sha
nnon
Perf
orm
ed a
var
iety
show
that
incl
uded
Irish
ch
arac
ter s
ketc
hes.
HG
, May
10,
188
7: 5
.
The
Osb
urns
“Gre
ates
t of a
ll Ir
ish d
elin
eato
rs.”
SPD
G, A
ugus
t 14,
188
7: 6
.K
elly
and
Mur
phy
Irish
box
ing
act.
BDE,
Sep
tem
ber 6
, 188
7: 3
.M
orris
Cat
hcar
tIr
ish c
omed
ian.
WE,
Sep
tem
ber 2
4, 1
887:
4.
Lana
gan
and
Hag
gart
yIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
SDRU
, Nov
embe
r 29,
188
7.
cont
inue
d
194
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1888
Har
ry a
nd Jo
hn K
erne
llR
efer
red
to a
s “tw
o of
the
best
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
NYS
, Feb
ruar
y 12
, 188
8: 9
.T
he O
sbor
nes
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.O
DB,
Feb
ruar
y 26
, 188
8: 8
.H
oey
and
Dal
eyIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
YT, M
arch
21,
188
8: 2
.Bu
rns a
nd D
onne
llyIr
ish c
omed
ians
.O
DB,
Mar
ch 2
5, 1
888:
5.
Dol
an B
roth
ers
Irish
com
edia
ns.
OD
B, A
pril
22, 1
888,
Par
t I: 7
.Jo
hn T
. Kel
lyA
ppea
red
in a
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “A
n Ir
ish S
tew.
”O
DB,
Apr
il 22
, 188
8, P
art I
: 7.
“Sen
ator
McF
ee”
Vaud
evill
e sk
etch
refe
rred
to a
s “th
e fu
nnie
st
Irish
com
edy
ever
writ
ten.
”EC
J, Ju
ne 5
, 188
8.
Jam
es D
rew
Irish
com
edia
n.SP
DG
, Nov
embe
r 11,
188
8: 2
.M
urra
y an
d M
urph
y“N
oted
vau
devi
lle sp
ecia
lists
” w
ho a
ppea
red
in
“Our
Irish
Visi
tors
.”O
DB,
Nov
embe
r 11,
188
8, P
art I
: 5.
Tenn
yson
and
O
’Gor
mon
Irish
due
ts a
nd d
ance
s.BD
E, N
ovem
ber 1
3, 1
888:
4.
Jam
es R
eilly
“An
Irish
com
edia
n of
a ty
pe o
ppos
ite to
Ker
nell’
s.”N
YS, N
ovem
ber 1
8, 1
888:
5.
1889
Cla
rk a
nd A
ngel
ine
Irish
sket
ch te
am.
WC
, May
21,
188
9.Jo
nes a
nd E
dwar
dsIr
ish c
omed
ians
.W
C, M
ay 2
1, 1
889.
“Fla
naga
n’s T
roub
les”
A m
usic
al sk
it fe
atur
ing
Mul
len
and
Dun
n an
d R
iley
and
Wol
fe.
SPD
G, A
ugus
t 25,
188
9: 8
.
195
Billy
McC
oy a
nd
Min
nie
McA
voy
“The
Irish
Thr
ushe
s,” a
ppea
red
in a
sket
ch
entit
led
“The
Fag
ans.”
SPD
G, A
ugus
t 25,
188
9: 8
.
John
and
Mam
ie C
line
“Iris
h sp
ecia
lty d
uo.”
SPD
G, S
epte
mbe
r 22,
188
9: 3
.Fe
rgus
on a
nd M
ack
Irish
com
edia
ns, a
ppea
red
in a
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed
“McC
arth
y’s M
ishap
s.”SP
DG
, Nov
embe
r 3, 1
889:
10.
1890
John
A. C
olem
anIr
ish d
ance
r.N
YT, A
pril
6, 1
890:
12.
Gilt
hrup
and
Kee
nan
Irish
com
edia
n.BD
E, A
pril
19, 1
890:
2.
Qui
nley
and
Fag
anIr
ish re
el a
nd ji
g da
ncer
s.BD
E, A
pril
19, 1
890:
2.
John
E. D
rew
Irish
and
Ger
man
com
edia
n.SP
DG
, Apr
il 27
, 189
0: 5
.D
aly
and
Dev
ere
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.W
C, M
ay 1
7, 1
890.
Bobb
y G
aylo
rIr
ish c
omed
ian,
app
eare
d in
the
mus
ic h
all s
cene
in
Bou
cica
ult’s
pla
y Af
ter D
ark .
SLH
, Jul
y 1,
189
0: 5
.
Con
roy
and
Mac
kIr
ish c
omed
ians
, app
eare
d in
a sk
etch
ent
itled
“T
he T
enan
ts.”
BDE,
Oct
ober
7, 1
890:
4.
Sadi
e C
onno
lly“T
he Ir
ish d
iale
ct c
omed
ienn
e.”SP
DG
, Nov
embe
r 16,
189
0: 1
1.H
arry
Ker
nell
App
earin
g in
his
own
com
pany
’s “h
igh-
clas
s”
vaud
evill
e pr
ogra
mm
e, in
the
one-
act c
omed
y “M
cFad
den’
s Elo
pem
ent.”
DC
, Nov
embe
r 29,
189
0.
1891
Pat M
urph
yIr
ish c
omed
ian.
EW, J
anua
ry 2
0, 1
891,
Spo
rtin
g Ex
tra:
2.
cont
inue
d
196
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Mur
phy
and
Cro
ssIr
ish c
omed
ians
.EW
, Jan
uary
20,
189
1, S
port
ing
Extr
a: 2
.K
ittie
Mor
ris a
nd H
enry
W
illia
ms
Irish
team
.O
DB,
Janu
ary
25,1
891,
Par
t II:
13.
Ann
ie G
erar
d“T
he tr
ue Ir
ish g
irl.”
PD, F
ebru
ary
15, 1
891,
Par
t II:
14.
Rey
nold
s and
Spi
res
Irish
com
edia
ns.
SPD
G, F
ebru
ary
17, 1
891:
3.
Col
lins a
nd W
elch
Irish
sket
ch te
am.
PD, A
pril
19, 1
891,
par
t II:
14.
Dav
e R
oach
Irish
com
edia
n.EW
, May
26,
189
1: 3
.Sp
ence
r and
Sim
onds
App
eare
d in
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
Irish
stud
ents
.”N
YS, M
ay 3
1, 1
891:
15.
Cha
rles F
. McC
arth
y“A
cap
ital i
mpe
rson
ator
of I
rish
wom
en.”
NYS
, Sep
tem
ber 6
, 189
1: 1
5.Ba
rry
and
Bann
on“C
eleb
rate
d Ir
ish c
omed
ians
,” pe
rfor
med
in a
sk
etch
ent
itled
“Pe
ck’s
Bad
Boy.”
SHW
NI,
Oct
ober
4, 1
891:
7.
SH, 0
4 O
ctob
er 1
891.
Jo
hn L
. Sul
livan
Irish
box
er tu
rned
vau
devi
lle a
ctor
. Ti
mes
(Ric
hmon
d, V
A), N
ovem
ber 2
2,
1891
.T
hom
as E
. Mur
ray
“An
acto
r of H
arrig
an’s
type
” w
ho a
ppea
red
in a
sh
ow e
ntitl
ed “
Our
Irish
Visi
tors
.”N
YS, N
ovem
ber 2
6, 1
891.
1892
Barr
y an
d Ba
nnon
Irish
com
edia
ns a
ppea
red
in a
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed
“Pec
k’s B
ad B
oy.”
SPD
G, J
anua
ry 1
0, 1
892:
8.
Swee
ney
and
Ryla
ndT
hese
“ref
ined
Irish
pun
ster
s” fr
om v
aude
ville
ap
pear
ed in
the
mus
ic h
all s
cene
of B
ouci
caul
t’s
play
Afte
r Dar
k .
SPD
G, J
anua
ry 1
0, 1
892:
8.
197
Dal
y an
d D
ever
eIr
ish sk
etch
team
.EW
, Mar
ch 1
2, 1
892,
Ext
ra e
dn.:
3.Fr
ank
Man
ning
and
M
ack
Wol
ley
Perf
orm
ed a
Dut
ch a
nd Ir
ish a
ct.
PD, A
pril
3, 1
892:
24.
Tim
Cro
nin
Irish
cha
ract
er im
pers
onat
ions
.N
YS, M
ay 2
0, 1
892:
3.
The
Naw
nsA
ppea
red
in “a
roug
h-an
d-re
ady
Irish
sket
ch”
at
Proc
tor’s
.N
YS, O
ctob
er 3
0, 1
892:
7.
Burn
s and
Don
nelly
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Nov
embe
r 13,
189
2: 1
3.
1893
T. J.
Mur
phy
Irish
com
edia
n an
d da
ncer
.O
DB,
Janu
ary
10, 1
893:
3.
Burk
e Br
othe
rsPe
rform
ed a
sket
ch en
titled
“T
he W
ild Ir
ish W
est.”
BDE,
Janu
ary
29, 1
893:
4.
McC
abe
and
Dan
iels
Irish
com
edia
ns.
EW, F
ebru
ary
7, 1
893,
Ext
ra e
dn.:
5.Jo
hn K
erne
llIr
ish c
omed
ian
who
sang
and
told
stor
ies i
n di
alec
t.N
YT, J
uly
2, 1
893:
21.
Wal
ter L
eroy
Irish
com
edia
n.SL
H, S
epte
mbe
r 24,
189
3.W
ebst
er a
nd C
onlin
Irish
com
edia
ns.
EW, O
ctob
er 3
1, 1
893,
Ext
ra e
dn.:
5.
1894
Bonn
ie T
horn
ton
Irish
sing
er.
NYT
, Jan
uary
14,
189
4: 1
0.D
onne
lly a
nd G
irard
Irish
team
.N
YT, J
anua
ry 1
4, 1
894:
10.
John
T K
elly
Popu
lar I
rish
com
edia
n (fr
om K
elly
and
Rya
n)
appe
ared
in a
com
edy
entit
led “M
cFee
of D
ublin
.”O
DB,
Janu
ary
23, 1
894:
8.
Web
ster
and
Con
don
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Jan
uary
28,
189
4: 1
0.
cont
inue
d
198
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
McB
ride
and
Flyn
nIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
YT, F
ebru
ary
18, 1
894:
15.
Bert
ha B
rush
Bille
d as
“T
he Ir
ish Q
ueen
.”EW
, Apr
il 3,
189
4, E
xtra
edn
.: 5.
Pat J
. Ric
ksIr
ish c
omed
ian.
EW, A
pril
3, 1
894,
Ext
ra e
dn.:
5.“T
he D
ivil’
s in
the
Irish
”Sk
etch
feat
urin
g C
harle
s T. M
onk
and
Edw
ard
W. M
cNei
l.N
YT, A
pril
25, 1
894:
3.
John
and
Jam
es W
. Mac
Bille
d as
“Tw
o Ir
ish S
port
s”N
YT, M
ay 1
3, 1
894:
12.
Mur
phy
and
Ray
mon
dIr
ish c
omed
ians
.O
DB,
May
13,
189
4: 1
0.A
nnie
Har
tA
ppea
red
in “
Tim
Sul
livan
’s C
how
der.”
NYT
, Jun
e 10
, 189
4: 1
2.C
ain
and
Orn
dorf
fG
erm
an a
nd Ir
ish “c
hara
cter
art
ists.”
MC
, Jun
e 17
, 189
4: 1
6.Ya
nk O
mo
“The
Irish
‘Jap
.’”EW
, Jun
e 23
, 189
4, L
ast e
dn.:
6.To
m F
lynn
Irish
com
edia
n.N
YT, J
uly
8, 1
894:
21.
Con
roy
and
Fox
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.EW
, Jul
y 10
, 189
4, B
rook
lyn
last
edn
.: 5
War
d an
d Ly
nch
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Jul
y 15
, 189
4: 2
1.M
cBrid
e an
d G
oodr
itch
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Jul
y 22
, 189
4: 2
1.R
owla
nd a
nd K
eene
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Aug
ust 1
2, 1
894:
11.
Stev
e M
aley
Irish
mon
olog
uist
.N
YT, A
ugus
t 12,
189
4: 1
1.“I
rela
nd v
s. G
erm
any”
Sket
ch fe
atur
ing
Wat
son
and
Wes
t.N
YT, A
ugus
t 12,
189
4: 1
1.Tw
o A
mer
ican
Mac
s“T
he Ir
ish S
wel
ls.”
EW, A
ugus
t 18,
189
4, E
xtra
edn
.: 4.
Rus
sell
Brot
hers
App
eare
d in
new
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
Mam
ie th
e Fl
ower
Girl
.”EW
, Aug
ust 2
5, 1
894,
ext
ra e
dn. 5
.
199
Dav
is an
d La
cyIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
YT, S
epte
mbe
r 9, 1
894:
10.
The
Mar
lons
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Sep
tem
ber 9
, 189
4: 1
0.M
urph
y an
d M
cCoy
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Sep
tem
ber 9
, 189
4: 1
0.“S
latt
ery’
s Rec
eptio
n”Ir
ish c
omed
y pe
rfor
med
by
Gus
Hill
’s va
udev
ille
com
pany
.N
YT, S
epte
mbe
r 9, 1
894:
10.
John
W. K
elly
“The
mas
ter s
pirit
of I
rish
hum
or,”
bille
d as
“T
he
Rol
ling
Mill
Man
.” N
YT, O
ctob
er 7
, 189
4: 1
0.
NYT
, Oct
ober
28,
189
4: 1
3.
The
Ham
ilton
sIr
ish sk
etch
team
.N
YT, O
ctob
er 1
4, 1
894:
13.
Cla
rk a
nd A
ngel
ine
App
eare
d in
a sk
etch
ent
itled
“Ir
ish C
omfo
rt.”
NYT
, Oct
ober
28,
189
4: 1
3.Ed
war
d O
’Con
ner
Irish
com
edia
n.N
YT, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
894:
10.
Tim
Hea
ly a
nd W
illia
m
Teed
Kno
ckab
out I
rish
com
edia
ns.
NYT
, Nov
embe
r 11,
1894
: 10.
Fish
er a
nd C
arro
llIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
YT, D
ecem
ber 1
6, 1
894:
10.
Ritc
hie
and
Ritc
hie
App
eare
d in
an
Irish
sket
ch.
NYT
, Dec
embe
r 16,
189
4: 1
0.
1895
Scan
lon
and
Kilr
oyIr
ish c
omed
ians
.M
C, F
ebru
ary
3, 1
895:
16.
Barn
ey F
ergu
son
“The
reco
gniz
ed le
ader
of I
rish
vaud
evill
e co
med
ians
” ap
pear
ed in
a sk
it en
title
d “D
uffy
’s Bl
unde
rs.”
SPD
G, M
arch
10,
189
5: 1
0.
Con
ley
and
Mad
den
Irish
com
edia
ns.
WT,
Apr
il 28
, 189
5, P
art I
I: 11
.Pa
t Rei
llyIr
ish c
omed
ian.
SFC
, May
6, 1
895.
cont
inue
d
200
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
McC
arty
and
Rey
nold
sIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists a
nd d
ance
rs.
SPD
G, M
ay 2
6, 1
895:
8.
Mile
s and
Irel
and
Irish
dan
cers
.SP
DG
, Jun
e 26
, 189
5: 4
.Jo
hn K
erne
llA
ppea
red
in “
McF
adde
n’s E
lope
men
t,” re
ferr
ed
to a
s “th
orou
ghly
cle
an a
nd w
hole
som
e in
tone
.”R
D, A
ugus
t 15,
189
5: 4
.
Rus
sell
Brot
hers
App
eare
d in
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
The
Tw
o O
ff-un
s.”M
T, S
epte
mbe
r 29,
189
5, P
art I
I: 12
.G
ilmor
e an
d Le
onar
d“R
epre
sent
ativ
e Ir
ish c
omed
ians
.”M
T, O
ctob
er 1
3, 1
895,
Par
t II:
12.
Polli
e H
olm
es“T
he Ir
ish D
uche
ss.”
MT
Oct
ober
27,
189
5, P
art I
I: 12
.M
cAvo
y an
d M
ayIr
ish c
omed
ians
.ET
, Dec
embe
r 14,
189
5: 3
.
1896
Jest
er“T
he Ir
ish v
entr
iloqu
ist.”
OD
B Ja
nuar
y 21
, 189
6: 8
.“T
he A
rriv
al o
f M
cGui
nnes
s”Ir
ish sk
etch
feat
urin
g th
e te
am o
f Hug
hes,
Mor
ton,
McB
ride
and
Wal
ton.
BDE,
Feb
ruar
y 16
, 189
6: 2
3.
Lalo
r and
Che
ster
“The
Irish
Lor
ds.”
MT,
Apr
il 26
, 189
6, P
art I
I: 12
.M
orto
n an
d M
ack
“Iris
h co
med
ians
, bag
pipe
pla
yers
and
dan
cers
.”SF
C, M
ay 3
, 189
6: 2
4.Ed
San
ford
and
Jam
es
Lee
Irish
and
Dut
ch te
am.
MT,
May
19,
189
6: 4
.
Her
bert
Caw
thor
neIr
ish c
omed
ian.
MT,
June
7, 1
896,
Par
t II:
13Le
slie
and
Tenl
eyIr
ish c
omed
ians
.M
T S
epte
mbe
r 1, 1
896:
5.
Ed R
odge
rsIr
ish c
omed
ian
and
danc
er.
RD
, Sep
tem
ber 4
, 189
6: 2
.
201
“One
Pha
se o
f Life
”Va
udev
ille
sket
ch p
erfo
rmed
at P
roct
or’s
thea
tre
feat
urin
g a
tram
p an
d th
e Ir
ish w
ife o
f a fa
rmer
.N
YS, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
896:
7.
Edw
ard
Hef
fern
an“T
he c
leve
r Iris
h m
onol
ogui
st.”
SFC
Nov
embe
r 27,
189
6: 7
.R
usse
ll Br
othe
rsA
ppea
red
in a
n “u
p-to
-dat
e” v
ersio
n of
“Ir
ish
Serv
ant G
irls.”
MT,
Dec
embe
r 8, 1
896:
4.
1897
Perr
y an
d Bu
rns
“Som
e cl
ever
Irish
wor
k.”
ET, J
anua
ry 1
9, 1
897:
5.
Gra
cie
and
Rey
nold
sIr
ish c
omed
ians
.ET
, Feb
ruar
y 17
, 189
7: 4
.D
illon
and
Gar
land
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.O
DB,
Mar
ch 2
1, 1
897:
13.
Con
roy
and
McD
onal
dIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SP
G, A
pril
13, 1
897:
4.
“Mar
y M
cFad
den’
s Ec
cent
riciti
es”
Irish
com
edy
sket
ch.
ST, A
pril
17, 1
897:
5.
Dan
McC
arth
yA
ppea
red
in sk
etch
ent
itled
“D
omin
ick,
Min
d th
e Ba
by.”
ET, A
pril
29, 1
897.
Con
roy
and
McF
arla
ndIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
YS, M
ay 2
, 189
7: 1
0.Le
land
and
Les
lieIr
ish b
oxin
g ac
t.O
DB,
June
14,
189
7.K
enne
dy a
nd B
ryce
Irish
com
edia
ns.
ET, J
une
26, 1
897:
4.
Fran
cis B
ryan
tIr
ish m
onol
ogue
art
ist.
SFC
, Jul
y 23
, 189
7: 7
.Ba
rney
Fer
guso
nIr
ish c
omed
ian.
ET, A
ugus
t 25,
189
7.C
onro
y an
d M
cFar
land
“Exp
onen
ts o
f Iris
h co
med
y.”ET
, Aug
ust 2
5, 1
897.
cont
inue
d
202
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Dav
e C
onro
y an
d Ph
il M
cFar
land
Irish
com
edia
ns.
DC
T, A
ugus
t 29,
189
7, P
art I
I: 13
.
Mar
ron
and
Jam
esBi
lled
as “
The
Boy
s of K
ilken
ny.”
RD
, Aug
ust 3
1, 1
897:
4.
The
Ros
sley
Brot
hers
Irish
cha
ract
er c
omed
ians
and
dan
cers
.R
T, S
epte
mbe
r 1, 1
897:
6.
Dic
k Sa
nds
“P. T
Bar
num
’s or
igin
al Ir
ish w
oman
.”R
D, S
epte
mbe
r 1, 1
897:
4.
John
Bro
ckIr
ish c
omed
ian.
DC
T, O
ctob
er 3
1 18
97, P
art I
I: 16
.D
an G
race
y an
d A
da
Burn
ett
App
eare
d in
an
Irish
com
edy
sket
ch.
BDE,
Nov
embe
r 7, 1
897:
24.
McC
ale
and
McD
anie
ls,
“The
Am
eric
an M
acs”
Irish
com
edia
ns.
KC
J, N
ovem
ber 1
4,18
97: 9
.
Finl
ey a
nd T
uhey
“Iris
h da
ncer
s and
bag
pipe
s.”N
Y Tr
ibun
e, N
ovem
ber 2
1, 1
897:
10.
1898
Con
roy
and
McF
arla
ndIr
ish c
omed
ians
.D
CT,
Janu
ary
20, 1
898:
4.
Nel
lie W
ater
s“S
inge
r of I
rish
and
negr
o so
ngs.”
DC
T, Ja
nuar
y 20
, 189
8: 4
.D
aly
and
Dev
ere
“Tw
o of
the
clev
eres
t com
edy
sket
ch a
rtist
s in
the
rank
s of v
aude
ville
.” M
r Dal
y pl
ayed
an
Irish
w
ashe
r wom
an.
MD
L, F
ebru
ary
17, 1
898.
Ahe
rn a
nd P
atric
kA
ppea
red
in a
n “I
rish
trav
esty
” en
title
d “T
he
Cop
per a
nd th
e K
id.”
KC
J, M
arch
17,
189
8: 1
2.
Boge
rt a
nd O
’Brie
n“E
ccen
tric
mus
ical
com
edia
ns.”
KC
J, M
arch
20,
189
8: 9
.
203
Gilm
ore
and
Leon
ard
Vaud
evill
e com
edia
ns k
now
n as
“Ire
land
’s K
ings
.”SP
A, M
arch
19,
189
8.M
orto
n an
d Sl
ater
Hea
ded
a va
udev
ille
prog
ram
me
perf
orm
ed
by S
hea’s
Com
edia
ns a
t the
Lin
den
The
atre
, Sc
rant
on O
H. M
orto
n an
d Sl
ater
app
eare
d in
“a
very
am
usin
g Ir
ish sk
etch
.”
ST, A
pril
12, 1
898.
Gan
non
Brot
hers
“The
gre
ates
t of a
ll kn
ocka
bout
Irish
sket
ch te
ams.”
EB, J
une
4, 1
898.
Perr
y an
d Bu
rns
Irish
dia
lect
act
.R
D, J
uly
12, 1
898:
2.
John
T. T
iern
eyPe
rfor
mer
with
Irish
bro
gue.
RD
, Jul
y 12
, 189
8: 2
.M
cDon
ald
Brot
hers
Dut
ch a
nd Ir
ish c
omed
ians
.R
T, Ju
ne 2
4, 1
898.
Perr
y an
d Bu
rns
“Iris
h sin
ging
and
talk
ing
com
edia
ns.”
RT,
July
9, 1
898.
Wak
efie
ld“T
he Ir
ish D
uke.”
OD
B, A
ugus
t 24,
189
8: 8
.M
cCar
thy
and
Rey
nold
sIr
ish c
hara
cter
sket
ch a
rtist
s.R
D, A
ugus
t 27,
189
8: 4
.Sh
eeha
n an
d K
enne
dy“I
rish
trav
esty
act
ors.”
ET, S
epte
mbe
r 3, 1
898:
8.
“Cas
ey’s
Wife
”Je
wish
-Iris
h co
med
y sk
etch
.SP
A, O
ctob
er 8
, 189
8.Jo
hn S
hann
on a
nd
Har
ry O
sgoo
d“N
egro
and
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
Osg
ood
play
ed th
e Ir
ish c
hara
cter
.O
DB,
Oct
ober
16,
189
8: 1
5.
Touh
ey a
nd M
ack
Act
sing
ing
Irish
song
s.ET
, Oct
ober
25,
189
8: 8
.C
onro
y an
d M
cCoy
Irish
com
edia
ns.
SPG
, Dec
embe
r 18,
189
8: 2
6.“A
Wom
an in
the
Cas
e”A
n Ir
ish fa
rce
com
edy
feat
urin
g “h
igh-
clas
s”
vaud
evill
e pe
rfor
mer
s inc
ludi
ng B
artle
tt a
nd
May
, the
Han
leys
and
Lea
Pea
sley.
PJ, D
ecem
ber 2
4, 1
898.
cont
inue
d
204
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1899
Dan
Gra
cey
Irish
com
edia
n.D
CT,
Janu
ary
5, 1
899:
5.
The
Naw
ns“I
deal
imita
tors
of I
rish
char
acte
r.”SP
G, J
anua
ry 1
5, 1
899:
20.
Leon
ard
and
Fulto
nPe
rfor
med
“som
ethi
ng in
the
line
of Ir
ish
com
edy.”
KC
J, Ja
nuar
y 19
, 189
9: 3
.
Con
roy
and
McD
onal
d“I
rish
singe
rs, d
ance
rs a
nd st
oryt
elle
rs.”
OD
B, Ja
nuar
y 31
, 189
9: 2
.T
he C
olum
bian
Fou
rA
ct in
clud
ed “
very
cle
ver i
mita
tions
of C
hine
se,
Engl
ish, G
erm
an, I
rish,
Sco
tch
and
negr
o ba
nds.”
SPG
Mar
ch 6
, 189
9: 4
.
John
T. T
iern
eyIr
ish m
onol
ogist
.O
DB,
Mar
ch 1
9, 1
899:
15.
Tenl
ey a
nd S
imon
dsIr
ish c
omed
ians
.ET
, Mar
ch 2
1, 1
899:
8.
Mik
e M
cGee
Stag
e na
me
of Ir
ish c
omed
ian
Jam
es C
urra
n.N
YS, A
pril
15, 1
899:
4.
Tom
Gle
ason
Perf
orm
ed “
thor
ough
ly c
hara
cter
istic
Irish
co
med
y an
d so
ngs,
with
an
alm
ost i
rrep
roac
habl
e br
ogue
.”
SPG
Apr
il 18
, 189
9: 2
.
Ed D
olan
Irish
com
edia
n.SF
C, A
pril
23, 1
899.
Cal
laha
n an
d M
ack
App
eare
d at
Pas
tor’s
in Ir
ish c
omed
y en
title
d “T
he O
ld N
eigh
borh
ood.
”N
Y Tr
ibun
e, M
ay 7
, 190
5: 3
.
Fox
and
Sum
mer
s“T
he Ir
ish E
nter
tain
ers.”
OD
B, M
ay 2
1, 1
899:
15.
Jam
es B
and
Fan
ny
Don
ovan
Irish
com
edia
ns.
SFC
, May
28,
189
9: 2
9.
205
Con
nors
and
Con
nors
Mal
e-fe
mal
e te
am. M
r Con
nors
refe
rred
to a
s “o
ne o
f the
fore
mos
t Iris
h co
med
ians
” w
hile
Miss
C
onno
rs w
as “o
ne o
f the
gre
ates
t exp
onen
ts o
f ‘co
on sh
outin
g’ o
n th
e st
age.”
EB, J
une
12, 1
899.
“The
Com
ing
Man
”A
“lau
ghab
le Ir
ish fa
rce,”
des
crib
ed a
s “th
e gr
eate
st a
ggre
gatio
n of
vau
devi
lle ta
lent
eve
r see
n in
Hon
olul
u at
one
tim
e.”
Inde
pend
ent (
Hon
olul
u), J
une
15, 1
899.
The
Thr
ee L
a R
aine
s“A
n ac
roba
tic Ir
ish c
omed
y ac
t.”A
DD
, Jul
y 18
, 189
9.W
right
and
Wak
efie
ld“A
n Ir
ish tu
rn fu
ll of
fun
and
ging
er.”
Dai
ly Pr
ess (N
ewpo
rt N
ews,
VA),
July
18,
18
99.
Gal
lagh
er a
nd B
arne
tt“T
he k
ings
of I
rish
com
edy,”
also
bill
ed a
s “Ir
ish
mill
iona
ires.”
Dai
ly Pr
ess (N
ewpo
rt N
ews,
VA),
July
19,
18
99.
Pat K
elly
“Kin
g of
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
SFC
, Aug
ust 7
, 189
9: 5
.C
ampb
ell a
nd C
aulfi
eld
“Iris
h Em
pero
rs.”
RT,
Aug
ust 1
3, 1
899:
3.
Shee
han
and
Ken
nedy
Irish
com
edia
ns.
ET, S
epte
mbe
r 19,
189
9: 5
.Pe
rry
and
Burn
sIr
ish st
oryt
elle
rs.
ET, S
epte
mbe
r 26,
189
9: 6
.Ry
an a
nd R
ichf
ield
App
eare
d in
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “A
Hea
dles
s Man
.”ET
, Sep
tem
ber 2
6, 1
899:
6.
John
F. L
eona
rd a
nd
Sher
man
Wad
eA
ppea
red
in “
Two
jolly
Rov
ers”
as O
’Rou
rke
and
O’R
eilly
, “am
ong
the
mos
t im
pres
sive
Cel
ts to
be
foun
d on
the
vaud
evill
e st
age.”
ET, O
ctob
er 1
0, 1
899:
8.
John
and
Eun
ice
Patt
enIr
ish c
omed
y te
am.
BN, N
ovem
ber 1
0, 1
899.
cont
inue
d
206
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Con
roy
and
McD
onal
d“K
ings
of I
rish
fun.
”SP
G, N
ovem
ber 1
9, 1
899:
28.
McC
ale
and
Dan
iels
App
eare
d in
act
ent
itled
“T
he Ir
ish T
ouris
ts.”
NY
Trib
une,
Nov
embe
r 26,
189
9: 8
.T
he N
awns
App
eare
d in
an
Irish
farc
e as
par
t of a
“pol
ite
vaud
evill
e” p
rogr
amm
e.ET
, Dec
embe
r 7, 1
899:
4.
Con
roy
and
McD
onal
dIr
ish v
aude
ville
com
edia
ns.
SPG
, Dec
embe
r 26,
189
9: 8
.
1900
Leon
ard
and
Fulto
nIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
DC
T, F
ebru
ary
11, 1
900,
Par
t II:
5.A
nnie
Yea
man
sPl
ayed
the
Irish
coo
k in
“W
hy S
mith
Lef
t H
ome.”
BDE,
Mar
ch 4
, 190
0: 2
4.
Pat R
eilly
Irish
com
edia
n.BD
E, M
arch
4, 1
900:
24.
Wel
ch B
roth
ers
Irish
com
edia
ns.
ST, M
arch
8, 1
900:
10.
Evan
s and
Dev
ees
Perf
orm
ed in
“a re
fined
Irish
com
edy
sket
ch.”
SPG
, Mar
ch 2
7, 1
900:
5.
Film
ore
and
Mac
kPe
rfor
med
in “a
rolli
ckin
g Ir
ish c
omed
y sk
etch
.”SP
G, M
arch
27,
190
0: 5
.Su
lliva
n an
d K
eele
rIr
ish c
omed
ians
.D
CT,
Apr
il 8,
190
0, P
art I
I: 5.
Joe
Flyn
nT
he “g
reat
est e
xpon
ent o
f Iris
h co
med
y.”A
DD
, Apr
il 13
, 190
0: 6
.Sm
ith O
’Brie
n“J
ovia
l Iris
h co
med
ian.
”D
CT,
May
13,
190
0, P
art I
I: 5.
Cra
ne th
e Ir
ish
Mag
icia
nPe
rfor
med
“com
edy
acts
of m
yste
ry”
in a
va
udev
ille
prog
ram
me
at G
len
Echo
Par
k.D
CT,
June
16,
190
0: 7
.
Man
ning
and
Dav
isA
ppea
red
in “
The
Irish
Paw
nbro
ker.”
NY
Trib
une,
July
1, 1
900:
14.
Lott
ie W
est S
imon
ds“T
he Ir
ish c
ount
ess.”
NY
Trib
une,
July
22,
190
0: 1
4.
207
The
Rix
ford
s“C
omed
y ac
roba
ts,”
appe
ared
as p
art o
f “Ir
ish
wee
k” a
t Kos
ter a
nd B
ial’s
thea
tre.
NY
Trib
une,
July
22,
190
0: 1
4.
Asc
ot a
nd E
ddy
Acr
obat
s, al
so o
n bi
ll fo
r Iris
h w
eek
at K
oste
r and
Bi
al’s.
NY
Trib
une,
July
22,
190
0: 1
4.
Woo
d an
d St
one
Irish
com
edia
ns.
NY
Trib
une,
July
22,
190
0: 1
4.Fi
sher
and
Car
roll
“Cel
tic w
its”
bille
d as
“th
e or
igin
al Ir
ish fu
silie
rs
of v
aude
ville
.”SL
R, S
epte
mbe
r 9, 1
900,
Par
t II:
7.
Den
ton
and
Dal
lon
“Art
istic
Irish
com
edy
artis
ts.”
SLR
, Sep
tem
ber 9
, 190
0, P
art I
I: 7.
Shee
han
and
Ken
nedy
Irish
sket
ch a
rtist
s.EB
, Sep
tem
ber 1
2, 1
900.
Jose
ph J.
Sul
livan
“Iris
h ch
arac
ter w
ork.
”D
CT,
Sep
tem
ber 1
6, 1
900,
Par
t II:
4.Jo
e Fl
ynn
“The
Irish
Wit.
”D
CT,
Oct
ober
7, 1
900,
Par
t II:
5.By
ron
and
Lang
don
Act
incl
uded
Irish
song
s.SP
G, O
ctob
er 2
1, 1
900:
24.
Cas
ey a
nd L
ecla
ir“I
rish
char
acte
r ske
tchi
sts.”
DC
T, O
ctob
er 2
1, 1
900,
Par
t II:
5.G
alla
gher
and
Bar
rett
“The
Irish
mill
iona
ires.”
KIA
, Oct
ober
27,
190
0.Te
nley
and
Sim
onds
“Nat
ural
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
ET, N
ovem
ber 1
, 190
0: 8
.“P
ipe
Dre
am”
Irish
sket
ch.
HEB
, Nov
embe
r 7, 1
900.
Shee
han
and
Ken
nedy
“Kin
gs o
f Iris
h co
med
y.”ET
, Nov
embe
r 13
1900
: 5.
Jam
es F
Leo
nard
Irish
com
edia
n.D
CT,
Nov
embe
r 27,
190
0: 7
.La
wre
nce
Cra
ne“T
he Ir
ish A
doni
s mus
icia
n.”
DC
T, D
ecem
ber 9
, 190
0, P
art I
I: 4.
Man
ning
and
Dav
isA
ppea
red
in “
The
Irish
Paw
nbro
ker.”
RT,
Dec
embe
r 9, 1
900.
cont
inue
d
208
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1901
“An
Irish
Chr
istm
as”
A m
usic
al c
omed
y, pa
rt o
f the
vau
devi
lle b
ill a
t T
he O
rphe
um, “
the
only
vau
devi
lle h
ouse
in
Hon
olul
u.”
HR
, Jan
uary
1, 1
901.
Cun
ning
ham
and
Fag
an“T
he Ir
ish to
urist
s.”A
R, J
anua
ry 2
, 190
1.M
urph
y an
d N
olan
“The
Hap
py Ir
ishm
en.”
KIA
, Jan
uary
12,
190
1.M
cCal
e an
d D
anie
lsIr
ish c
omed
ians
.R
T, Ja
nuar
y 13
, 190
1: 1
0.N
ellie
Hill
and
Hat
tie
Mile
sIr
ish a
nd D
utch
act
.M
J, Ja
nuar
y 15
, 190
1: 7
.
Two
Am
eric
an M
acs
Irish
com
edia
ns.
KIA
, Jan
uary
26,
190
1.Fi
tzgi
bbon
s, M
cCoy
and
Fi
tzgi
bbon
sA
ppea
red
in “a
n Ir
ish c
hara
cter
sket
ch”
entit
led
“Her
Nau
ghty
Bro
ther
.”M
J, Fe
brua
ry 1
5, 1
901:
7.
Sulli
van
and
Inm
an“I
rish
funm
aker
s.”SP
G, A
pril
7, 1
901:
24.
McF
arla
nd a
nd M
urra
yIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SP
A, M
ay 1
8, 1
901.
Mor
risey
and
Ric
hIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SP
G, M
ay 2
6, 1
901.
McF
arla
nd a
nd M
urra
y“T
he Ir
ish A
mba
ssad
ors.”
SPG
, Jun
e 9,
190
1: 2
8.Te
nley
and
Sim
onds
“The
nat
ural
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
SLR
, Aug
ust 1
1, 1
901,
Par
t I: 9
.M
urra
y an
d M
cFar
land
Irish
kno
ckab
out a
ct.
KIA
, Aug
ust 1
7, 1
901.
McF
arla
nd a
nd M
urra
y“J
olly
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
KIA
, Aug
ust 2
4, 1
901.
209
Nel
lie W
ater
s“t
he o
rigin
al d
elin
eato
r of n
egro
and
Irish
m
elod
ies”
app
eare
d at
the
Buck
ingh
am T
heat
re,
Loui
svill
e K
Y.
KIA
, Sep
tem
ber 1
4, 1
901.
Wro
the
and
Wak
efie
ldIr
ish sk
etch
team
.K
IA, S
epte
mbe
r 21,
190
1.Sp
ence
r Bro
ther
sIr
ish c
omed
ians
and
dan
cers
.W
T, O
ctob
er 3
, 190
1: 5
.Ja
mes
B a
nd F
anni
e D
onov
anA
ppea
red
in a
n “I
rish
repa
rtee
act
.”N
Y Tr
ibun
e, O
ctob
er 2
0, 1
901:
12.
Cas
ey a
nd L
eCla
irA
ppea
red
in a
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
The
Irish
Te
nant
s.”N
Y Tr
ibun
e, O
ctob
er 2
0, 1
901:
12.
Mile
s and
Nitr
amA
ppea
red
in a
n Ir
ish sk
etch
at P
roct
or’s
58th
St
reet
The
atre
.N
Y Tr
ibun
e, O
ctob
er 2
0, 1
901:
12.
Mr a
nd M
rs M
ark
Mur
phy
App
eare
d in
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
Why
Doo
gan
Swor
e O
ff.”
SMG
, Oct
ober
27,
190
1: 8
.
Mar
key
and
Stew
art
“Iris
h m
onol
ogue
and
par
ody
singe
rs.”
SPA
, Nov
embe
r 2, 1
901.
Brya
nt a
nd B
renn
anIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SP
G, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
901:
4.
Jam
es W
esle
y an
d W
illia
m M
urra
y, bi
lled
as “
The
Tw
o M
acs.”
App
eare
d in
“T
he Ir
ish P
awnb
roke
r.”SP
G, N
ovem
ber 1
1, 1
901:
4.
The
Tw
o A
mer
ican
M
acs
“Lea
ders
in e
xtra
vaga
nt Ir
ish c
omed
y.”M
J, N
ovem
ber 1
3, 1
901:
4.
Con
way
and
Hel
dIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
NY
Trib
une,
Nov
embe
r 17,
190
1: 1
4.C
alla
han
and
Mac
k“E
xcep
tiona
lly c
leve
r Iris
h co
med
ians
.”W
T, N
ovem
ber 2
4, 1
901,
Par
t II:
4.
cont
inue
d
210
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
“Pat
” R
eilly
Perfo
rmed
“Doo
ley-li
ke ta
lks,
brim
ful o
f Iris
h w
it.”
WT,
Nov
embe
r 28,
190
1: 5
.G
eorg
e H
Em
eric
kD
ied
in D
ecem
ber 1
901.
Not
ed a
s the
writ
er
of m
any
Irish
vau
devi
lle sk
etch
es, i
nclu
ding
“F
inne
gan’
s Bal
l,”, “
Shoo
ting
the
Chu
tes”
and
“M
cSor
ley’
s Tw
ins.”
MJ,
Dec
embe
r 28,
190
1.
1902
Rus
sell
Brot
hers
Wer
e du
e to
giv
e th
eir l
ast p
erfo
rman
ce o
f “T
he Ir
ish S
erva
nt G
irls”
and
to a
ppea
r in
a ne
w sk
etch
by
Geo
rge
M. C
ohan
ent
itled
“A
Rom
ance
of N
ew Je
rsey
.”
WT,
Janu
ary
12,1
902:
2.
Mr a
nd M
rs M
ark
Mur
phy
App
eare
d in
“a fr
esh
Irish
sket
ch a
bout
the
trou
bles
of a
fire
man
.”SL
R, J
anua
ry 2
6, 1
902,
Par
t III
: 6.
Tom
Naw
nIr
ish c
omed
ian
appe
ared
in “
Pat a
nd th
e G
enii.
”W
T, Ja
nuar
y 30
, 190
2: 5
.Ba
rney
Fer
guso
n an
d W
ill M
ack
Irish
com
edia
ns.
WT,
Feb
ruar
y 9,
190
2: 2
.
“Fun
ny Ir
ish W
idow
”Ir
ish sk
etch
.M
J, Fe
brua
ry15
, 190
2: 7
.M
urra
y an
d M
ack
Irish
com
edia
ns.
SFC
, Feb
ruar
y 24
, 190
2.G
raci
e Em
met
tA
ppea
red
in “
Mrs
Mur
phy’
s Sec
ond
Hus
band
.”SL
R, M
arch
2, 1
902,
Par
t III
: 5.
McD
onal
d Br
othe
rsIr
ish c
omed
ians
.K
IA, A
pril
5, 1
902.
Ken
nedy
and
Wils
on“T
he Ir
ish A
risto
crat
s.”N
Y Tr
ibun
e, A
pril
6, 1
902:
7.
Touh
ey a
nd L
acy
Irish
com
edy
act.
NY
Trib
une,
Apr
il 27
, 190
2: 1
2.
211
Lonn
ie W
ilson
Irish
com
edia
n.R
D, M
ay 1
8, 1
902.
Rey
nold
s and
Pea
rce
“Iris
h ch
arac
ter i
mpe
rson
ator
s.”SL
R M
ay 2
2, 1
902:
8.
Hic
key
and
Nel
son
Mal
e-fe
mal
e te
am. H
icke
y “w
as g
rote
sque
ly
funn
y w
ith h
is bi
g sh
oes,
smal
l hat
and
Irish
ch
arac
ter m
ake-
up.”
SLR
, May
26,
190
2: 6
.
Kel
ly a
nd A
dam
sIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
NY
Trib
une,
June
3, 1
902:
5.
Mr a
nd M
rs M
ark
Mur
phy
“The
kin
g an
d qu
een
of Ir
ish c
omed
y” in
thei
r la
test
vau
devi
lle sk
etch
, “T
he S
even
th S
on.”
AD
D, J
uly
8, 1
902:
5.
Ros
selly
and
Ros
telle
“Iris
h co
med
y sk
etch
art
ists.”
AD
D A
ugus
t 30,
1902
: 6.
Tom
Wat
ers
“Nat
ural
Irish
com
edia
n.”
SPG
, Oct
ober
12,
190
2: 2
2.Sp
ence
r Bro
ther
sIr
ish c
hara
cter
com
edia
ns.
SLR
, Oct
ober
17,
190
2: 3
.Ed
war
ds a
nd L
awre
nce
Dut
ch a
nd Ir
ish c
omed
ians
.W
T, O
ctob
er 2
1, 1
902:
7.
Smith
and
Wel
chIr
ish c
omed
ians
.W
T, O
ctob
er 2
6, 1
902.
Pat R
eilly
and
Fra
nk D
. Br
yan
“The
orig
inal
Irish
com
edia
ns.”
RT,
Nov
embe
r 5, 1
902:
7.
Pete
Bak
er a
nd Jo
hn
Ker
nell
Irish
and
Dut
ch c
omed
y.R
D, N
ovem
ber 6
, 190
2: 6
.
Mat
Ken
nedy
Irish
com
edia
n.SP
G, N
ovem
ber 9
, 190
2: 3
0.H
al C
onle
t and
May
N
elso
nA
n Ir
ish c
omed
ian
and
“coo
n-so
ng sh
oute
r.”SF
C, D
ecem
ber 1
6, 1
902.
cont
inue
d
212
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
1903
Lott
ie W
est S
imon
ds“T
he Ir
ish C
ount
ess.”
SLR
, Apr
il 19
, 190
3, P
art I
I: 8.
Cha
rles B
Law
lor
Vaud
evill
e pe
rfor
mer
who
was
“abl
e to
sing
an
Irish
song
as f
ew m
en c
an.”
EW, J
une
26, 1
903,
Nig
ht e
dn.
Cor
bley
and
Bur
ke“A
n Ir
ish si
dew
alk
conv
ersa
tion
act.”
EW, J
une
27, 1
903.
Cal
laha
n an
d M
ack
“Tru
ly Ir
ish c
omed
ians
.”EW
, Jun
e 30
, 190
3: 4
.R
oone
y an
d Fo
rres
ter
Act
bill
ed a
s “Ir
ish n
onse
nse.”
SS, J
uly
4, 1
903.
John
Ker
nell
Irish
com
edia
n, h
eade
d bi
ll at
Pas
tor’s
.EW
, Jul
y 4,
190
3, S
port
ing
ed.
Will
iam
Ahe
arn
(aka
A
hern
)R
epor
t of d
eath
of t
his v
aude
ville
Irish
co
med
ian.
SFC
, Jul
y 24
, 190
3.
Rus
sell
and
O’C
onne
llIr
ish c
omed
ians
.N
Y Tr
ibun
e, Ju
ly 2
6, 1
903:
3.
O’C
onne
ll an
d Fo
rres
tIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SC
D, J
uly
31, 1
903.
Art
hur W
hite
law
Irish
cha
ract
er m
onol
ogue
.SL
R, S
epte
mbe
r 6, 1
903,
Par
t III
: 8.
Con
roy
and
McF
arla
ndIr
ish c
omed
ians
.M
J, Se
ptem
ber 1
2, 1
903:
12.
Spen
cer a
nd H
eld
“Iris
h je
ster
s.”SL
R, O
ctob
er 8
, 190
3: 5
.K
elly
and
Kan
eIr
ish c
hara
cter
com
edia
ns.
SLR
, Oct
ober
15,
190
3: 3
.K
enne
dy a
nd E
vans
“Gay
cav
alie
rs o
f Iris
h w
it.”
MJ,
Oct
ober
17,
190
3, P
art I
I: 6.
Kitt
ie F
ranc
is“F
amou
s for
her
hum
orou
s Iris
h an
d ‘w
ench
’ im
pers
onat
ions
.”G
DL,
Oct
ober
24,
190
3.
Ferg
uson
and
Mac
k“I
rish
knoc
kabo
uts.”
EW, O
ctob
er 2
7, 1
903:
6.
213
War
d an
d C
urra
nA
ppea
red
in sk
etch
ent
itled
“T
he T
errib
le Ju
dge.”
EW, O
ctob
er 2
7, 1
903:
6.
Spen
cer a
nd H
eld
Irish
com
edia
ns.
MJ,
Nov
embe
r 7, 1
903,
Par
t II:
3.El
izab
eth
Mur
ray
Irish
stor
ies a
nd “c
oon
song
s.”SF
C, D
ecem
ber 2
1, 1
903.
1904
McB
ride
and
Whi
tehe
adIr
ish c
omed
ians
.T
T, Ja
nuar
y 13
, 190
4: 4
.“M
y Bu
sy D
ay”
Sket
ch fe
atur
ing
an Ir
ish o
ffic
e bo
y.SF
C, F
ebru
ary
8, 1
904:
14.
The
Lom
bard
sIr
ish c
omed
ians
.T
T, F
ebru
ary
15, 1
904:
4.
Bobb
y G
aylo
rA
ppea
red
with
Fan
nie
Ric
e’s v
aude
ville
com
pany
at
the
Met
ropo
litan
The
atre
in M
inne
apol
is. In
hi
s act
as a
n Ir
ish im
pers
onat
or, h
e “d
evel
op[e
d]
the
hum
orou
s cha
ract
erist
ics o
f the
hig
hest
type
of
Irish
-Am
eric
an c
itize
n.”
MJ,
Mar
ch 5
, 190
4: 6
.
Mad
den
and
Jess
“The
onl
y Ir
ish a
ct th
at ‘m
akes
goo
d’ w
ithou
t te
lling
a jo
ke o
r sin
ging
a so
ng.”
MJ,
Mar
ch 5
, 190
4: 6
.
Mar
tin O
’Nei
lIr
ish c
omed
ian.
SFC
, Apr
il 10
, 190
4.M
urph
y an
d D
avis
“Iris
h fu
n di
spen
sers
.” SP
G, M
ay 1
, 190
4: 3
6 M
J, A
pril
23, 1
904:
13.
G
race
y an
d Bu
rnet
tIr
ish sk
etch
art
ists.
SPG
, May
8, 1
904:
36.
Guy
Raw
son
“The
Irish
jest
er.”
KIA
, May
14,
190
4.Ba
rret
t Bro
ther
sIr
ish c
omed
ians
.SL
R, M
ay 1
5,19
04, P
art I
I: 2.
Law
renc
e C
rane
Irish
mag
icia
n.SL
R, M
ay 1
5, 1
904,
Par
t II:
2.
cont
inue
d
214
Nam
e of
Act
Det
ails
Sour
ce
Cha
rlie
Farr
ell
Perf
orm
ed th
e ch
arac
ter o
f an
“Iris
h co
pper
” in
a
vaud
evill
e sh
ow.
BDR
, May
25,
190
4: 8
.
Tom
Hav
erly
“One
of t
he fu
nnies
t Iris
h co
med
ians
in v
aude
ville
.”M
J, M
ay 2
8, 1
904:
12.
Perr
y an
d Sp
ence
r“I
rish
char
acte
r com
edia
ns.”
SLR
, Jun
e 10
,190
4: 6
.H
onan
and
Kea
rney
Irish
com
edia
ns.
SPD
G, J
une
12, 1
904:
34.
Barn
ey G
ilmor
e an
d Jo
hn L
eona
rdBi
lled
as “
Irel
and’
s Win
gs.”
NYS
, Jun
e 26
, 190
4, P
art I
II: 5
.
Barn
ey R
eyno
lds
Irish
com
edia
n.N
YS, J
une
26, 1
904,
Par
t III
: 5.
Cas
ey a
nd L
ecla
irA
ppea
red
at P
asto
r’s in
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
the
Irish
Te
nant
s.”N
YS, J
une
26, 1
904,
Par
t III
: 5.
Mor
risey
and
Ric
h“I
rish
jest
ers.”
SLR
, Jul
y 14
, 190
4: 6
.La
wre
nce
Cra
neIr
ish m
agic
ian.
NY
Trib
une,
July
31,
190
4: 1
0.T
he M
anni
ngs
App
eare
d in
Irish
sket
ch e
ntitl
ed “
Trou
bles
ome
Serv
ants
.”M
J, O
ctob
er 1
, 190
4, M
agaz
ine:
8.
Parn
ell B
arre
tt a
nd
Jero
me
Dris
coll
Perf
orm
ed in
an
Irish
skit.
KIA
, Oct
ober
8, 1
904.
Dan
McA
voy
App
eare
d as
a “
typi
cal g
reen
-whi
sker
ed Ir
ish
man
” in
“T
he M
ayor
of t
he B
ower
y.”N
YT, D
ecem
ber 2
8, 1
904:
14.
1905
Rus
sell
Brot
hers
App
earin
g in
“T
he F
emal
e D
etec
tives
.”SP
G, J
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Notes
1 INTRODUCTION
1 . Gerald of Wales, The History and Topography of Ireland , trans. J. J. O’Meara, rev. ed. (London: Penguin, 1982), 101,103; “Australian immigrants complain about fighting Irish image,” Irish Central , January 14, 2011, http://www.irish-central.com/news/Australian-immigrants-complain-about-fighting-Irish-image — -SEE-VIDEO-113578919.html ; “Australian Embassy blasts racist advert asking ‘no Irish’ to apply for bricklaying job,” Irish Independent , March 12, 2012, http://www.independent.ie/national-news/australian-embassy-blasts-racist-advert-asking-no-irish-to-apply-for-bricklaying-job-3047010.html ; “Australia visa in jeopardy for rowdy Irish Down Under,” Australian Visa Bureau , May 9, 2012, http://www.visabureau.com/australia/news/09-05-2012/australia-visa-in-jeopardy-for-rowdy-irish-down-under.aspx .
2 . Vincent J. Cheng, Inauthentic: The Anxiety over Culture and Identity (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004), 29, 32; Diane Negra, “Irishness, Innocence, and American Identity Politics before and after September 11,” in The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity and Popular Culture , ed. Diane Negra (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006), 355; Diane Negra, “The New Primitives: Irishness in Recent US Television,” Irish Studies Review 9, no. 2 (2001): 229–39.
3 . Dale T. Knobel, Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America (Scranton, PA: Wesleyan University Press, 1986), 4; Dale T. Knobel, “‘Celtic Exodus’: The Famine Irish, Ethnic Stereotypes, and the Cultivation of American Racial Nationalism,” Radharc 2 (2001): 8.
4 . William H. A. Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream: The Image of Ireland and the Irish in American Popular Song Lyrics 1800–1920 (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 1–2.
5 . Kevin Kenny, The American Irish: A History (Essex: Longman, 2000), 8; Lawrence J. McCaffrey, The Irish Diaspora in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976), 67; James P. Byrne, “The Genesis of Whiteface in Nineteenth Century American Popular Culture,” MELUS 29, no. 3/4 (2004): 145; Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2008), 49.
218 Notes
6 . Deirdre Moloney, “Who’s Irish? Ethnic Identity and Recent Trends in Irish American History,” Journal of American Ethnic History 28, no. 4 (2009): 106.
7 . John F. Dovidio et al., eds., SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination (London: SAGE, 2010), 8.
8 . Dale T. Knobel, “A Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception: Content Analysis of the American Stage Irishman, 1820–1860,” American Studies 15 (1981): 48.
9 . Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 217; Rupert Brown, Prejudice: Its Social Psychology (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995), 84; C. Neil Macrae, Charles Stangor, and Miles Hewston, eds., Stereotypes and Stereotyping (New York: Guilford Press, 1996), 13, 24.
10 . Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 7, 121, 136; Macrae, Stangor, and Hewston, Stereotypes , 21–2; Gordon Allport, cited Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 241.
11 . Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age , 2nd ed., (New York: Hill and Wang, 2007), 5; Table XXIX—Total and urban population at each census: 1790 to 1900 and Table XLV—Number of immigrants to the United States: 1821 to 1900, Twelfth Census of the United States—1900—Census Reports Volume I—Population Part 1, Section 1, Statistics of Population , lxxxiii, United States Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html .
12 . Kenny, The American Irish , 46; Patrick J. Blessing, “The Irish,” in Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups , ed. Stephan Thernstrom (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1980), 528–29; Leonard Dinnerstein and David Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration and Assimilation (New York: New York University Press, 1977), 11.
13 . McCaffrey, The Irish Diaspora , 62–3; Blessing, “The Irish,” 530–31; Kerby A. Miller, Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 328.
14 . Miller, Emigrants and Exiles , 315; Kevin Kenny, “Labor and Labor Organizations,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 354, 356; Blessing, “The Irish,” 529, 531; Hasia Diner, Erin’s Daughters in America: Irish Immigrant Women in the Nineteenth Century (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), 31, 77, 80–3.
15 . Blessing, “The Irish,” 528, 531; Timothy J. Meagher, ed., From Paddy to Studs: Irish-American Communities in the Turn of the Century Era, 1880 to 1920 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986), 8; David N. Doyle, Irish Americans, Native Rights and National Empires: The Structure, Divisions and Attitudes of the Catholic Minority in the Decade of Expansion 1890–1901 (New York: Arno Press, 1976), 46.
16 . Andrew M. Greeley, The Irish Americans: The Rise to Money and Power (New York: Harper and Row, 1981), 111; Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Point: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians and Irish of
Notes 219
New York City (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970), 217; Kathleen Donovan, “Good Old Pat: An Irish-American Stereotype in Decline,” Eire-Ireland 15, no. 3 (1980): 9; Ellen Skerret, “The Development of Catholic Identity among Irish Americans in Chicago, 1880–1920,” in From Paddy to Studs, 133; Meagher, From Paddy to Studs , 9; William V. Shannon, The American Irish: A Political and Social Portrait (New York: Collier, 1974), 142.
17 . Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 241; Greeley, Irish Americans , 9. 18 . Cited Maureen Waters, The Comic Irishman (Albany, NY: State University of
New York Press, 1984), 41. 19 . Ibid., 42. 20 . Jeffrey H. Richards, “Brogue Irish Take the American Stage, 1767–1808,”
New Hibernia Review 3, no. 3 (1999): 48. 21 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 45–6. 22 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 47; Albert F. McLean Jr.,
American Vaudeville as Ritual (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1965), 3.
23 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 49–50, 61. 24 . Ibid., 62, 66–7, 68. 25 . “Our City Amusements,” New York Times , December 3, 1858. 26 . Ibid. 27 . Robert M. Lewis, ed., From Traveling Show to Vaudeville: Theatrical Spectacle
in America, 1830–1910 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), 215.
28 . Campbell MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form,” St Louis Republic Sunday Magazine , June 4, 1905.
29 . Robert K. Barnhart and Sol Steinmetz, eds., Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Edinburgh: Chambers, 2006), 1195; McLean, American Vaudeville , 18; Joe Laurie Jr., Vaudeville: From the Honky-Tonks to the Palace (New York: Henry Holt, 1953), 10.
30 . Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 315; MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form.”
31 . Robert W. Snyder, The Voice of the City: Vaudeville and Popular Culture in New York, 2nd ed., (Chicago: I. R. Dee, 2000), 12; Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 315.
32 . “Variety: The Class of Amusement Known by that Title,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 21, 1877; Snyder, Voice of the City , 18–19; Shirley Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams in American Vaudeville 1865–1932 (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1984), 3; Midway cited Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 320.
33 . MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form.” 34 . Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 19. 35 . McLean, American Vaudeville , 3, 24; John Springhall, The Genesis of Mass
Culture: Show Business Live in America, 1840–1940 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 175, 177.
220 Notes
36 . Armond Fields, Tony Pastor, Father of Vaudeville (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2007), 44, 186, 179.
37 . Douglas Gilbert, American Vaudeville: Its Life and Times (New York: Dover Publications, 1940), 61.
38 . Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 130, 128; Snyder, Voice of the City , 111, 107.
39 . James M. Nelson, “From Rory and Paddy to Boucicault’s Myles, Shaun and Conn: The Irishman on the London Stage, 1830–1860,” Eire-Ireland 13, no. 3 (1978): 91–2.
40 . Holger Kersten, “Using the Immigrant’s Voice: Humor and Pathos in Nineteenth Century ‘Dutch’ Dialect Texts”, MELUS 21, no. 4 (1996): 3, 10.
41 . Ibid., 16. 42 . Robert C. Allen, “Vaudeville and Film, 1895–1915: A Study in Media
Interaction” (PhD dissertation, University of Iowa, 1977), 5; Tom Gunning, “The Cinema of Attractions: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI: 1990), 60; Michael Chanan, The Dream That Kicks: The Prehistory and Early Years of Cinema in Britain , 2nd ed., (London: Routledge, 1996), 132.
43 . Lewis Jacobs, The Rise of the American Film , cited Joseph M. Curran, Hibernian Green on the Silver Screen: The Irish and American Movies (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989), 18–19; Ruth Barton, Irish National Cinema , 2nd ed., (London: Routledge, 2005), 19; Kevin Rockett, “The Irish Migrant and Film,” in Screening Irish-America : Representing Irish-America in Film and Television , ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 27, 17.
44 . Rockett, Irish Filmography , 230–40. 45 . Patrick G. Loughney, “In the Beginning Was the Word: Six Pre-Griffith
Motion Picture Scenarios,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI, 1990), 211.
46 . Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 62; Robert W. Snyder, “The Irish in Vaudeville,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 406.
47 . Mick Moloney, “Irish-American Popular Music,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 387; Frank Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America , Vol. 1 (New York: Routledge, 2007), 960.
48 . Susan Kattwinkel, Tony Pastor Presents: Afterpieces from the Vaudeville Stage (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 1998), 6.
49 . Stephanie Rains, The Irish-American in Popular Culture 1945–2000 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2007), 145, 149–51, 157–58.
50 . M. Alison Kibler, Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy in American Vaudeville (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 58.
Notes 221
2 “IRISH BY NAME”: AN OVERVIEW OF IRISH AND ETHNIC PERFORMANCE IN VAUDEVILLE
1 . Program for Pastor’s Opera House 201 Bowery, 1868, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b3.f17; program for Pastor’s New Theatre, w/c October 21, 1878, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b5.
2 . Program for Pastor’s Broadway Theatre, December 1878 and undated pro-gram, Kernell and Kernell Scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547; pro-gram for Proctor’s Crierion Theatre, April 9, 1888, and undated program for Walnut Street Theatre, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b3.f17.
3 . Program for Poole and Donnelly’s Grand Opera House, w/c September 28, 1878, Kernell and Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547.
4 . Aoileann N í É igeartaigh, “Frank McCourt: From Colonized Imagination to Diaspora,” in Rethinking Diasporas: Hidden Narratives and Imagined Borders , eds. Aoileann N í É igeartaigh, Kevin Howard, and David Getty (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007), 5.
5 . David R. Roediger, Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class , rev. ed., (London: Verso, 1999), 137; Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 70, 134.
6 . Kenny, The American Irish , 67–71; Luke Gibbons, Transformations in Irish Culture , vol. 2, (Cork: Cork University Press, 1996), 175, 176.
7 . Kenny, The American Irish , 81–2, 126; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 , 2nd ed. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988), 13–16, 20, 85–6.
8 . Robert Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow: Irish-Americans and Blackface Minstrelsy,” Eire-Ireland 41 (2006).
9 . Robert Toll, Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), v; Eric Lott, Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 5–6, 9; Edward Le Roy Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy: From “Daddy” Rice to Date (New York: Kenny Publishing, 1911), 11, http://www.archive.org/details/monarchsminstre00ricegoog .
10 . Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy , 7. 11 . Roediger, Wages of Whiteness , 104; Toll, Blacking Up , 56–7; Peter Quinn,
“Looking for Jimmy,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 667.
12 . Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow,” 170; Toll, Blacking Up , 175. 13 . New Negro Forget-Me-Not Songster (Cincinnati: UP James, 1911; Hathi Trust
Digital Library), 101–06. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073360180;view=1up;seq=1 .
14 . Ibid., 98–101. 15 . Kenny, The American Irish , 81–2.
222 Notes
16 . Roediger, Wages of Whiteness , 105–6; Lott, Love and Theft , 6, 52. 17 . Roediger, Wages of Whiteness , 117. 18 . Roediger, Wages of Whiteness , 98–9; Maureen Murphy, “Irish-American
Theatre,” in Ethnic Theatre in the United States , ed. Maxine S. Seller (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983), 223; Lott, Love and Theft , 81.
19 . Roediger, Wages of Whiteness , 100. 20 . Alexander Saxton, “Blackface Minstrelsy and Jacksonian Ideology,” American
Quarterly 27, no. 1 (1975): 5–6; Lott, Love and Theft , 95; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 770; Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 66.
21 . New York Telegraph , May 2, 1917, Carroll Johnson clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 844; Carroll Johnson, “My Little Irish Queen” (New York: 1889; Duke University Libraries Digital Collections), http://library.duke.edu/digitalcol-lections/hasm_b0662/ ; Carroll Johnson, “Wish You Could Hab Seen Dat Nigger’s Eye” (Rhode Island, 1897; LOC African-American Sheet Music, 1850–1920), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rpbaasm&fileName=0100/0153/rpbaasm0153page.db&recNum=0 .
22 . Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy , 186–87; Billy Emerson clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 450: 152, 154.
23 . Billy Emerson clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 450: 156. 24 . Ibid. 25 . Dan Bryant clippings file, BRTD; “Belle of Broadway” (New York: H. De
Marsan, n.d.; LOC American Memory Collection, American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?ammem/amss:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sb10024b%29%29 ; “Kingdom Coming” (New York: Charles Magnus, n.d.; LOC American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?ammem/amss:@field(DOCID+@lit(hc00045a)) ; “Limerick is Beautiful” (New York: H. De Marsan, n.d.; LOC American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://www.loc.gov/item/amss003677/#about-this-item ; “I’ll Never Forget Thee Dear Mary” (New York: 1866; Duke University Libraries Digital Collections), http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm_b0619/ .
26 . Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 65; Toll, Blacking Up , 176. 27 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster (New York: Popular
Publishing, 1880), 26–7. 28 . Toll, Blacking Up , 66–7, 115. 29 . Wheatley and Traynor’s Dublin Boy Songster (New York: Popular Publishing,
1883), 39. 30 . Ibid. 31 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster (New York: Popular Publishing,
1879), 14. 32 . Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 49–50. 33 . Lott, Love and Theft , 95; Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow,” 170; Toll,
Blacking Up , 180.
Notes 223
34 . Musser, “Ethnicity, Role-Playing and American Film Comedy,” 50. 35 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 4. 36 . Saturday Evening Post , January 14, 1922, Barry and Fay clippings file, BRTD. 37 . “Jews Rich in Humor,” Salt Lake Herald , May 22, 1899. 38 . James H. Dorman, “American Popular Culture and the New Immigration
Ethnics: The Vaudeville Stage and the Process of Ethnic Ascription,” American Studies 36, no. 2 (1991): 179–93; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 1176; “Mrs. Maas’ Troupe,” Daily Phoenix (AR), February 25, 1875; “Dramatic and Musical,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), March 6, 1899.
39 . Review of Casey’s Wife in Saint Louis Republic , February 3, 1903; “Johnny Ray, Comedian, Dies,” New York Times , September 5, 1927; Caroline Gaffin, Vaudeville: The Book (New York: M. Kennerley, 1914), 27–9; Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 43.
40 . Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 120; “Wife Divorces Singer, “ New York Times , April 2, 1925; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 518–21; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 205; “What the Theatres Are Offering This Week,” Los Angeles Herald Sunday Supplement , March 26, 1905.
41 . Rockett, Irish Filmography , 230–40; A Dutchman in Ireland is included in a list of scripts from Tony Pastor’s Opera House, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8; Theatre programs, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b5; Fields, Tony Pastor , 96; Go West, or The Emigrant Palace Car , HRC TP, b6.f6.
42 . Lannigan’s Ball Songster (New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1863), 53–4. 43 . J. K. Emmet’s Love of the Shamrock Songster , (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1882), 40. 44 . Timothy J. Meagher, “Abie’s Irish Enemy: Irish and Jews, Social and Political
Realities and Media Representations,” in Screening Irish-America: Representing Irish-America in Film and Television , ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 47; Thomas Cripps, “The Movie Jew as an Image of Assimilation, 1903–1927,” Journal of Popular Film 4, no. 3 (1975): 201.
45 . “The Stage All Around the World,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , August 21, 1898; “New American Plays,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , March 19, 1899; Casey’s Wife clippings file, BRTD.
46 . “New American Plays,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , March 19, 1899. 47 . Irish Pawnbrokers clippings file, BRTD; Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness
Gets a Job Songster , 39. 48 . Snyder, Voice of the City , 111; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 223. 49 . New York Telegraph , September 6, 1911, included in Four Mortons clippings
file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 50 . “Vaudeville in Yiddish,” New York Dramatic Mirror , December 19, 1903. 51 . “Row in a Philadelphia Theatre: Irishmen Greet ‘McSwiggan’s Parliament’
with Hisses and Stale Eggs,” New York Sun , April 30, 1887. 52 . “The Theatre Doors Shut: ‘McSwiggan’s Parliament’ Not Again Performed,”
New York Times , April 30, 1887. 53 . Ibid.
224 Notes
54 . “Waterbury Irishmen Won’t Witness Offensive Caricatures of Hibernians on the Vaudeville Stage,” New York Tribune , December 21, 1902; “The Stage Irishman,” New York Times , May 11, 1902.
55 . “Billy Barry, The Comedian,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 4, 1898; “The Rising Generation,” Scranton Tribune (PA), January 8, 1898.
56 . “The Stage,” Washington Times Part 2 (DC), January 16, 1898. 57 . Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 960. 58 . Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 158; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and
New , 484, 961, 407. 59 . “Variety: The Class of Amusement Known by that Title,” Brooklyn Daily
Eagle , January 21, 1877; Snyder, Voice of the City , 48; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 18, 82; Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 62.
60 . “The Will of Barney Williams,” New York Times , May 5, 1876; “Amusements,” Daily National Republican (DC), January 29, 1863.
61 . “Amusements,” Daily National Republican , February 4, 1863. 62 . “A New Irish Comedian,” Daily National Republican , July 28, 1864;
“Amusements,” Daily National Republican , August 6, 1864; “Dramatic,” New York Times , January 4, 1874; James H. Dorman, “American Popular Culture and the New Immigration Ethnics: The Vaudeville Stage and the Process of Ethnic Ascription,” American Studies 36, no. 2 (1991): 186.
63 . “Colony of Actors,” St Paul Globe (MN), August 18, 1901; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 631.
64 . “High-Class Vaudeville,” Sunday Herald and Weekly National Intelligencer (DC), December 6, 1891.
65 . “Hyde and Behman’s Theatre,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 2, 1888; “Harry Kernell is Dead,” New York Times , March 14, 1893; New York Spirit of the Times , March 18, 1893, Harry Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW MWEZ+++n.c.4526; “John Kernell, Actor, Dead,” New York Times , December 20, 1903.
66 . Harry A. Kernell, letter to the editor, New York Tribune , January 11, 1922; Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster (New York: Robert M. De Witt, 1875), 4; New York Clipper 1881/82 , 456, 548 (Fulton History), http://www.fulton-history.com/Fulton.html .
67 . “Amusements,” St Paul Daily Globe (MN), April 24, 1880; New York Clipper 1887/88 , 94 (Fulton History), http://www.fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html ; “Sam Rickey Wasting Away,” New York Times , September 8, 1885.
68 . “Hogan’s Alley,” St Paul Appeal (MN), March 19, 1898; “Linden Theater Re-opens,” Scranton Tribune (PA), April 12, 1898; “Amusements,” New York Sun , June 11, 1899; “Advertisements,” San Francisco Call , February 13, 1899; “At the Theaters,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), December 24, 1899.
69 . “How Audiences Affect Actors,” Minneapolis Journal , January 4, 1905. 70 . “At the Theaters,” Minneapolis Journal , March 5, 1904; New York Mirror ,
December 23, 1893, Bobby Gaylor clippings file, BRTD; “Variety at the Star Theatre,” New York Times , March 27, 1888; “Comic Opera Invasion, “ New York Evening World , May 18, 1889; “The Theatres Next Week,” New York
Notes 225
Evening World (NY), May 25, 1889; New York Dramatic Mirror 1890/92 , 4 (Fulton History), http://www.fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html .
71 . “Theatrical Notes,” Paducah Evening Sun (KY), November 11, 1905; “Entertainment and Social,” Daily Capital Journal (Salem, OR), March 31, 1896; “At the Theatres,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), March 8, 1897; “Mirth Reigns at California: Murray and Mack Delight Audiences with Comicalities,” San Francisco Call , February 24, 1902; “Amusements,” Yakima Herald (WA), February 18, 1903.
72 . “A Long, Sad Farewell,” Broadway Weekly , May 21, 1903, Dan McAvoy clip-pings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376.
73 . “Utica is Pleased with Dan McAvoy,” 1904, Dan McAvoy clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376.
74 . “McAvoy Defends His Stage Mayor,” December 30, 1904, Dan McAvoy clip-pings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376.
75 . Ibid. 76 . Undated clipping, Dan McAvoy clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 77 . “McAvoy’s Face is a Legal Issue,” December 28, 1904, Dan McAvoy clippings
file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 78 . “The Stage Irishman,” The Gaelic American , January 7, 1905. 79. . Ibid. 80 . Armond Fields, Women Vaudeville Stars: Eighty Biographical Profiles (London,
McFarland, 2006), 14. 81 . Annie Hart clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 629. 82 . “New Advertisements,” Pittsburgh Dispatch (second part), February 15, 1891;
Don Meade, “Kitty O’Neil and Her ‘Champion Jig’: An Irish Dancer on the New York Stage,” New Hibernia Review 6, no. 3 (2002); Gracie Emmett scrapbook, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 451: 3–28; “Gracie Emmett, Appeared in One Comedy Role in US for 5,000 Times,” New York Times , June 11, 1940.
83 . Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 84; “Hopkins’ Trans-Oceanic Star Specialty Co.,” Marietta Daily Leader (OH), February 17, 1898; “Hyde and Behman’s,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 26, 1898; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 1103–05; James and Fannie Donovan clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 2, vol. 128: 97; Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 86–7.
84 . Toledo Blade , February 21, 1921, Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 85 . Boston Transcript , May 13, 1919, Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env.
1554. 86 . Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env. 1554.
3 PERFORMING IRISHNESS AT TONY PASTOR’S OPERA HOUSE, 1865–1874
1 . Eric Ferrara, The Bowery: A History of Grit, Graft and Grandeur (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011), 39.
226 Notes
2 . Tony Pastor’s New Irish Comic Songster , 48–9, collected in Tony Pastor’s Complete Budget of Comic Songs (New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1864); Internet Archive, http://archive.org/details/tonypastorscomp00pastgoog .
3 . Fields, Tony Pastor , 33, 44; Susan Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity: Irish Americans and the Variety Theatre in the 1860s,” in Interrogating America Through Theatre and Performance , ed. William W. Demastes and Iris Smith Fischer (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 48–9.
4 . BRTD TP T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8. The twenty-two plays concerned with Ireland and the Irish are: Stephens’ Escape, or English Rule in Ireland (January and April 1866); Ireland in 1866 (March 1866); The Heart of Erin, or Men of ‘98 (December 1866); Hills of Kerry (March 1867); Irishman in Greece (April 1867 and March 1872); Ireland’s Champion, or O’Donnell of the Hills (October 1867); For Ireland, or The Wearing of the Green (March 1868); Jonathan Wild, or Jack Sheppard in Ireland (August 1868); Ireland After Dark, or Dead O’ Night Boys (November 1868); Irish Hearts and Irish Homes (February 1869); The Chieftain’s Daughter, or The Irish Insurgent (April 1869); Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen (May 1869 and March 1874); Cormac of the Cave, or Heart of an Irishman (November 1869); Dutchman in Ireland (January 1870); Irish Insurgent (January 1870); The Fenian’s Oath, or The Idiot of Killarney (February 1870); Irishman in Cuba (March 1870); Exile of Erin (March 1870); Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland (May 1870, May 1871, January 1873 and March 1884); Don’t Go Molly Darling , described as “an Irish sketch” (1872); The Green above the Red (undated, but also described as an “Irish drama”); and Mac Morgh, or Dan Rhua (also undated). The additional three plays whose titles point to at least some Irish characters are: Shan McCollum (February 1867); The Magic Mirror, or Reilly’s Adventures Among the Turks (November 1867); and Dare Devil Pat, or The Dashing Rider of the Plains (February 1873).
5 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 51. The American-set plays identi-fied by Kattwinkel as featuring Irish characters are: Kidnapped, or The Stolen Child (n.d); Match Girl of New York (n.d); Uncle Sam’s Veterans, or The Soldiers’ Return (1866); New York Volunteers (1867); New York Before and After Dark (1868); High Life and Low Life, or Scenes in New York (1869); Toil (1871); and The Tenth Ward by Day and Night (February and November 1873).
6 . The twelve surviving scripts are Cormac of the Cave , HRC TP b2.f6; Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland, HRC TP b3.f1–2; Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish Sketch , HRC TP b3.f5; Hills of Kerry, HRC TP b7.f5; The Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, a Drama in Two Acts , HRC TP b7.f6; Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour Before the Dawn, a Drama in One Act , HRC TP b8.f2; Ireland’s Champion , HRC TP b8.f3; Irishman in Cuba, HRC TP b8.f5; Irishman in Greece , by John F. Poole, HRC TP b8.f6; Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen , HRC TP b10.f3; Might and Right, or The Days of 76 , A National Drama in One Act , HRC TP b12.f2; The Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep, an Original Dramatic Composition, HRC TP b16.f5.
Notes 227
7 . BRTD TP T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8. 8 . Kenny, The American Irish , 172, 175. 9 . Fields, Tony Pastor , 33, 42, 44.
10 . “City Amusements,” New York Herald , December 7, 1865. 11 . “Amusements,” New York Herald , January 8, 1866. 12 . Fields, Tony Pastor , 47. 13 . Fields, Tony Pastor , 49. 14 . “Amusements,” New York Herald , September 25, 1866. 15 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 54. 16 . Pierce Egan, Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism: From
the championship of Cribb to the present time , vol. 2 (London: George Virtue, 1824), 388–94.
17 . Kattwinkel, Tony Pastor Presents, 207–23, 245–63, 265–80. 18 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 54. 19 . Barton, Irish National Cinema , 22.
4 REPRESENTATIONS OF IRISH MASCULINITY IN VAUDEVILLE
1 . Joane Nagel, “Masculinity and Nationalism: Gender and Sexuality in the Making of Nations,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 21, no. 2 (1998): 251; Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 11.
2 . Michael S. Kimmel, Manhood in America: A Cultural History , 2nd edn. (New York: Oxford University Press: 2006), 58, 4, 23; Patricia Kelleher, “Class and Catholic Irish Masculinity in Antebellum America: Young Men on the Make in Chicago,” Journal of American Ethnic History 28, no. 4 (2009): 10.
3 . Gibbons, Transformations in Irish Culture , 131. 4 . Geraldine Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change: Race, Sex and Nation
(New York: Routledge, 2010), 5. 5 . Geraldine Moane, “Colonialism and the Celtic Tiger: Legacies of History and
the Quest for Vision,” in Reinventing Ireland: Culture, Society and the Global Economy , ed. Peadar Kirby, Luke Gibbons, and Michael Cronin (London: Pluto Press, 2002), 117.
6 . Donovan, “Good Old Pat,” 6; Snyder, Voice of the City , 113; Rockett, Irish Filmography , 230–40.
7 . Carl Wittke, The Irish in America, 2nd edn. (New York: Russell and Russell, 1970), 260; Snyder, Voice of the City , 48, 114; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New, 624; photograph of Kelly and Ryan, Thomas Ryan clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1987.
8 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 36. 9 . Billy Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs, Skits and Gags, 1877–79,”
BRTD EC, T-MSS 1929–001, b3.f70.
228 Notes
10 . New York Mirror , December 24, 1899, Tom Nawn clippings file, BRTD RL, env 1594.
11 . New York Telegraph , February 4, 1906, Tom Nawn clippings file, BRTD RL, env 1594; New York Evening World , March 11, 1916.
12 . David N. Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America, 1845–1880,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 231.
13 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137. 14 . “Poor O’Hoolahan” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137;
John Kaiser, “Michael Casey and His Gang of Irish Laborers” (Edison Records, 1905; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num=1&start=4&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia .
15 . Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America , 48; Kenny, “Labor and Labor Organizations,” 355; Kenny, The American Irish , 156–57.
16 . Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 65. 17 . Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 1; Kevin Kenny, “Race, Violence,
and Anti-Irish Sentiment in the Nineteenth Century,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 372.
18 . Kenny, The American Irish , 157. 19 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 20 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 138. 21 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster , 3–4. 22 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137. 23 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 15. 24 . Kenny, The American Irish , 157. 25 . “Murder in New-Rochelle,” New York Times , September 16, 1878. 26 . Moane, “Colonialism and the Celtic Tiger,” 117–18; Richard Stivers, Hair
of the Dog: Irish Drinking and Its American Stereotype , rev. ed. (New York: Continuum, 2000), 1, 128–33; Kenny, The American Irish , 136.
27 . Stivers, Hair of the Dog , 77, 92. 28 . Ibid., 136, 179, 169, 180. 29 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 32; Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish
Songster , 40–1. 30 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 31 . Ibid. 32 . Clipping dated May 21, 1911, Mortons clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 33 . William D. Hall, An Undesirable Neighbor (1900; LOC, The American
Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 4–5, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR%28@field%28AUTHOR+@3%28Hall,+William+D++%29%29+@field%28OTHER+@3%28Hall,+William+D++%29%29%29 .
Notes 229
34 . Rockett, The Irish Filmography, 230; “Keith’s Theatre,” Cambridge Chronicle (MA), February 6, 1897; “Amusements,” New York Tribune , June 10, 1894.
35 . “The Gayety,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 8, 1895. 36 . “Amusements,” New York Sun , April 17, 1898; “What the Theaters Are
Offering This Week,” Los Angeles Herald Sunday Supplement , September 3, 1905; “New Acts This Week,” Variety , January 14, 1921.
37 . “Joseph Hart Vaudeville Co. direct from Weber and Fields Music Hall, New York City,” (1899; LOC Theatrical Poster Collection), http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014635705/ .
38 . Fieldings’ Tipperary Couple Songster (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1874), 34–5, 38. 39 . Harrigan’s Hibernian Tourist Songster (New York: New York Popular
Publishing, 1886), 28. 40 . For a fuller discussion of the Minstrel show dandy, see, for example, William
J. Mahar, Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 195–267; Barbara L. Webb, “The Black Dandyism of George Walker: A Case Study in Genealogical Method,” The Drama Review 45, no. 4 (2001): 7–24.
41 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 26. 42 . Melissa Bellanta, “Leary Kin: Australian Larrikins and the Blackface Minstrel
Dandy,” Journal of Social History 42, no. 3 (2009): 677–95; Higham, Strangers in the Land , 8; Stephen Rohs, Eccentric Nation: Irish Performance in Nineteenth Century New York City (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2009), 34–72, 49.
43 . Rohs, Eccentric Nation , 52, 29. 44 . Fieldings’ Tipperary Couple Songster , 45. 45 . J. K. Emmet’s Love of the Shamrock Songster (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1882), 33;
Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 46 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 21. 47 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 48 . J. F. Poole, “No Irish Need Apply,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s
Dream , 136. 49 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 17. 50 . Ibid., 7. 51 . Ibid., 28. 52 . Ibid. 53 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 5. 54 . Kimmel, Manhood in America , 40–1; Colleen McDannell, “‘True Men as We
Need Them’: Catholicism and the Irish-American Male,” American Studies 27, no. 2 (1986): 27, 29.
55 . Martin McLoone, Irish Film: The Emergence of a Contemporary Cinema (London: British Film Institute, 2000), 174–83; Kathleen Heininge, Buffoonery in Irish Drama: Staging Twentieth Century Post-Colonial Stereotypes (New York: Peter Lang, 2009), 267.
230 Notes
56 . Harry Lacy, Sam Todd of Yale (1898; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 3, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR(@f ield(AUTHOR+@3(Lacy,+Harry+))+@field(OTHER+@3(Lacy,+Harry+))) .
57 . Len Spencer and Steve Porter, “Flanagan’s Night Off,” (Edison Records, 1906; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num=1&start=13&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia .
58 . Steve Porter, “A Morning in Mrs Reilly’s Kitchen” (Edison Records, 1908; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num=1&start=6&sortBy=cnum&sortOrder=id .
59 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster , 3–4. 60 . Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 217. 61 . Lawrence E. Mintz, “Humor and Ethnic Stereotypes in Vaudeville and
Burlesque,” MELUS 21, no. 4 (1996): 21; Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs”; Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster (Pittsburgh: American Publishing Company, 187?), 56.
62 . Mortons clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1554; Sheehan and Sullivan publicity material, BRTD EC, T-MSS 1929–001, b3. f17.
63 . Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America,” 238; Margaret Lynch-Brennan, “Ubiquitous Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 345.
64 . Miller, Emigrants and Exiles , 493; Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 135.
65 . Blessing, “The Irish,” 531; Wittke, The Irish in America , 60. 66 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 33. 67 . The Bitter and Sweet of a Traveling Company . n.d., BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–
028, b1.f19; “Tammany,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 139.
68 . “Are You There, Moriarty?,” performed by Mick Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats: Irish American Songs of Old New York , by Harrigan and Braham (Nashville, TN: Compass Records, 2006).
69 . “McGinty the Ladies’ Pride,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 139.
70 . Fergusons’ Aristocratic Nigs Songster (New York: Clinton T. De Witt, 1879), 57.
71 . “Theatricals,” St Paul Globe (MN), April 4, 1902; Eddie Girard clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 414, 146.
72 . Eddie Girard clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 414, 145.
Notes 231
73 . Ibid., 146. 74 . Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 189. 75 . “Gotham Notes,” The Colored American (DC), September 15, 1900. 76 . “The Right to Get Drunk and its Effects,” New York Times , July 10, 1867. 77 . “The Sound Democrat” and The Mulligan Nominee cited Williams, ‘Twas
Only an Irishman’s Dream, 141. 78 . “Old Boss Barry,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats. 79 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 20. 80 . Ibid., 31. 81 . Ibid., 32. 82 . Paul W. Hyde, A Morning’s Hearing (1896; LOC, The American Variety
Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 1, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?varstg:2:./temp/~ammem_NE6m:: .
83 . Ibid., 2. 84 . Ibid., 6–7. 85 . William H. A. Williams, “Green Again: Irish American Lace Curtain Satire,”
New Hibernia Review 6, no. 2 (2002): 12, 13. 86 . “My Dad’s Dinner Pail,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats. 87 . Cited Williams, “Green Again,” 13. 88 . Snyder, Voice of the City , 114; M. Alison Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of
Rank: The Elinore Sisters in Vaudeville,” American Studies 38, no. 1 (1997): 109; Thomas Ryan cited Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 88.
89 . Hall, An Undesirable Neighbor, 1. 90 . Ibid., 8–9. 91 . Ibid., 15.
5 REPRESENTATIONS OF IRISH WOMEN IN VAUDEVILLE
1 . “McFadden’s Row of Flats,” New York Times , March 10, 1903; “Irishmen Hurl Eggs at a Lot of Players,” New York Times , March 28, 1903; “‘McFadden’s Row of Flats’ is Mobbed in Philadelphia,” New York Times , March 31, 1903; Letter to the editor, New York Times , April 5, 1903.
2 . M. Alison Kibler, “The Stage Irishwoman,” Journal of American Ethnic History (Spring 2005): 15; “‘McFadden’s Flats’ Quiet,” New York Times , April 7, 1903.
3 . L. Perry Curtis Jr., Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997), 25; Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change , 5, 21–40; Catherine Nash, “Embodied Irish: Gender, Sexuality and Irish Identities,” in In Search of Ireland: A Cultural Geography , ed. Brian Graham (London: Routledge, 1997), 114; Sighle Bhreathnach-Lynch, “Landscape, Space and Gender: Their Role in the Construction of Female Identity in Newly-Independent Ireland,” Canadian Woman Studies 17, no. 3 (1997): 26.
232 Notes
4 . “Girl to Show the Irish Type,” New York Evening World , December 21, 1904. 5 . Barbara Welter, “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860,” American
Quarterly 18, no. 2 (1966): 151–74; Diner, Erin’s Daughters , xiv, 42, 72, 46, 53. 6 . Rockett, Irish Filmography , 230–40. 7 . Maureen Murphy, “Bridget and Biddy: Images of the Irish Servant Girl in
Puck Cartoons 1880–1890,” in New Perspectives on the Irish Diaspora , ed. Charles Fanning (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 152–75.
8 . Cited Wittke, The Irish in America , 44. 9 . Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 86; Andrew Urban, “Irish Domestic Servants: ‘Biddy’
and Rebellion in the American Home, 1850–1900,” Gender and History 21, no. 2 (2009): 265.
10 . Ralph M. Skinner and Charles J. Campbell, The Bal Masque (1900; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 7–8, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR(@field(AUTHOR+@3(Skinner,+Ralph+M+,+and+Charles+J++Campbell+))+@field(OTHER+@3(Skinner,+Ralph+M+,+and+Charles+J++Campbell+))) .
11 . Geraldine Maschio, “Ethnic Humor and the Demise of the Russell Brothers,” Journal of Popular Culture 26, no. 1 (1992): 81–2; “The Irish Servant Girls,” June 6, 1896 and photographs of Russell Brothers in costume, Kernell and Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547; Laurence Senelick, The Changing Room: Sex, Drag and Theatre (London: Routledge, 2000), 240–41.
12 . “Egg Russell Brothers in a Brooklyn Theatre,” New York Times , February 1, 1907.
13 . Maschio, “Ethnic Humor,” 85, 90. 14 . Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 84; “Palm Garden Show,” St Paul Globe
(MN), September 20, 1898. 15 . George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; Gerald Bordman,
American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 101; “Plays and Players,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , December 23, 1900.
16 . My Aunt Bridget clippings file, BRTD; George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; “In Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , September 18, 1900.
17 . Review of The Never Homes , George Monroe scrapbook BRTD RL, ser. 2, vol. 280: 99–100.
18 . Ibid. 19 . George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501. 20 . Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 142–51; Kimmel, Manhood in America , 66. 21 . “Rights of Ladies,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 142. 22 . E.L. Gamble, “Girls Will Be Girls,” Gamble’s Vaudeville Journal (Stage
Publishing, 1911; Internet Archive), 7–8, http://www.archive.org/details/gamblesvaudevill00gamb .
23 . Senelick, The Changing Room , 297.
Notes 233
24 . Bronwen Walter, Outsiders Inside: Whiteness, Place and Irish Women (London: Routledge, 2001), 66, 69; Faye Dudden cited Walter, 69.
25 . Toll, Blacking Up , 163; Lott, Love and Theft , 164–65; Senelick, The Changing Room , 298.
26 . Senelick, The Changing Room , 297–98; Toll, Blacking Up , 144, 163; Senelick, The Changing Room , 300.
27 . Senelick, The Changing Room , 307–10, 312. 28 . George Monroe, “The Luxury of Laugher,” The Green Book Album , 556,
and March 17, 1913 article in George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; Kibler, Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy , 71; Senelick, The Changing Room , 237.
29 . Richard Ekins, “Screening Male Femaling: Cross-Dressing and Sex-Changing in the Movies,” Chrysalis: The Journal of Transgression Gender Identity 2, no. 4 (1996/97), 47–51.
30 . “Brooks Theatre,” Guthrie Daily Leader (OK), November 28, 1902; “Leader Force Will See Mickey Finn,” Guthrie Daily Leader , October 24, 1903; “The Plays in Brooklyn This Week,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 4, 1897; “Affairs in the Mimic World,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 5, 1902; “Stage Fun of Many Kinds,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 5, 1897; “Brooklyn Music Hall,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 10, 1899; “Vaudeville Houses,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , November 24, 1901; “Ventriloquist and Other Novelties in Vaudeville,” St Louis Republic , January 15, 1901.
31 . Senelick, The Changing Room , 238; “The Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 10, 1888; “The Funke,” Lincoln Courier (NE), November 25, 1899.
32 . “Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , May 7, 1889. 33 . Kibler, Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy , 69–71. 34 . Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of Rank,” 103–05. 35 . Walter, Outsiders Inside , 19; Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change ,
22; Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 41–9. 36 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 17. 37 . Ibid. 38 . Ibid., 27. 39 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 40 . Ibid. 41 . Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 55, 113; Stivers, Hair of the Dog , 187–89. 42 . Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 111. 43 . Johnny Roach’s Centennial Come and Join the Band Songster (New York: Robert
M. De Witt, 1876), 18. 44 . Albert Campbell and Bob Roberts, “Come Down McGinty,” (Edison Records,
1906; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara), http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num=1&start=5&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia .
45 . Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster , 56.
234 Notes
46 . Fergusons’ Aristocratic Nigs Songster, 10. 47 . Barbara O’Connor, “‘Colleens and Comely Maidens’: Representing and
Performing Irish Femininity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,” in Ireland in Focus: Film, Photography and Popular Culture , ed. E ó in Flannery and Michael J. Griffin (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2009), 144–65; Diane Negra, Off-White Hollywood: American Culture and Ethnic Female Stardom (London: Routledge, 2001), 25–54; Rains, The Irish-American in Popular Culture , 149–51.
48 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 49 . Sheridan, Mack and Day’s Grand Combination Songster (New York: Robert M.
De Witt, 1874), 31. 50 . Tony Pastor’s Latest and Best 1877 Songster (New York: C. T De Witt, 1877), 36. 51 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs,” 79. 52 . Ibid., 82. 53 . Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster , 6. 54 . “Maggie Cline Dies: ‘Irish Queen’ of ‘90s,” New York Times , June 12, 1934. 55 . Meade, “Kitty O’Neil,” 13–14. 56 . Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 13–17. 57 . Rains, The Irish-American in Popular Culture , 144–87. 58 . Ibid., 152. 59 . “Nora Kelly, ‘The Dublin Girl,’ Pastor’s,” Variety , August 4, 1906. 60 . “Nora Kelly Never Saw Dublin,” Variety , August 18, 1906. 61 . Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 94; Lynch-Brennan, “Ubiquitous Bridget,” 332;
Janet Nolan, Ourselves Alone: Women’s Emigration from Ireland, 1885–1920 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1989), 94; Blessing, “The Irish,” 531; Kenny, The American Irish , 186.
62 . “Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 22, 1901; Gracie Emmett scrapbook, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 451: 7, 15; “The Week’s Playbills,” Washington Herald (Part 3), January 19, 1908; “Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , September 17, 1901.
63 . Edward M. Favor, “Who Threw the Overalls in Mrs Murphy’s Chowder” (Edison Records, 1901; Internet Archive) http://www.archive.org/details/EdwardM.Favor-71-75 .
64 . Cordelia’s Aspirations cited Williams, “Green Again: Irish American Lace Curtain Satire,” 13.
65 . Ibid. 66 . Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of Rank,” 102–03. 67 . Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 87, 88–9; “Such an Education has my
Mary Ann” and “Maggie Murphy’s Home,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats.
68 . Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 208; Ada Jones and Len Spencer, “Maggie Clancy’s New Piano,” (Edison Records, 1906; Internet Archive), http://www.archive.org/details/AdaJonesAndLenSpencer41–50 .
Notes 235
6 CONCLUSION
1 . Rains, Irish-American in Popular Culture , 182. 2 . Ben Singer, “Modernity, Hyperstimulus, and the Rise of Popular
Sensationalism,” in Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life , ed. Leo Charney and Vanessa R. Schwartz (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 90; Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville , 317; Cripps, “The Movie Jew as an Image of Assimilation,” 193.
3 . Russell Merritt, “Nickelodeon Theatres 1905–1914: Building an Audience for the Movies,” in The American Film Industry , ed. Tino Balio (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), 60; Ben Singer, “Manhattan Nickelodeons: New Data on Audiences and Exhibitors,” Cinema Journal 34, no. 3 (1995), 28.
4 . Moving Picture World 1, no. 7 (April 20, 1907). 5 . Moving Picture World 1, no. 42 (December 21, 1907). 6 . Gunning, “The Cinema of Attractions,” 60; Rockett, Irish Filmography , 96,
242–45; Rhodes, Emerald Illusions , 262, 20. 7 . Moving Picture World 2, no. 12 (March 21, 1908): 241; Niver, Kemp R., Early
Motion Pictures: The Paper Print Collection in the Library of Congress , ed. Bebe Bergsten: 50, xii.
8 . Moving Picture World 1, no. 6 (April 13, 1907): 90. 9 . Moving Picture World 2, no. 10 (March 7, 1908): 192; Niver, Early Motion
Pictures , 64; Moving Picture World 3, no. 10 (September 5, 1908): 181. 10 . Moving Picture World 5, no. 27 (December 31, 1909). 11 . Moving Picture World 7, no. 10 (September 3, 1910): 537. 12 . Moving Picture World 4, no. 13 (March 27, 1909): 378. 13 . Lawrence J. McCaffrey, “ Going My Way and Irish-American Catholicism:
Myth and Reality,” in Screening Irish-America: Representing Irish-America in Film and Television ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 187; Nickelodeon 3, no. 5 (March 1, 1910).
14 . Moving Picture World 6, no. 11 (March 19, 1910): 442; Nickelodeon . 1, nos. 1/2 (January/February, 1909): 48.
15 . C ited Richard Abel, Americanizing the Movies and “Movie-Mad” Audiences, 1910–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 55–6.
16 . Miriam Hansen, “Early Cinema: Whose Public Sphere,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI, 1990), 230–31.
17 . Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 1. 18 . Rohs, Eccentric Nation , 22.
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ORIGINAL SCRIPTS
(Note: These are reproduced as per the inventory of the Tony Pastor collection at the Harry Ransom Centre, University of Texas at Austin. Dates are given if it is clear when the plays were written. Otherwise performance dates, where known, are provided in the text). Cormac of the Cave . Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland . Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish Sketch , by Frank Dumont. 1872. Hills of Kerry . The Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, a Drama in Two Acts , by W. B.
Cavanagh. Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour Before the Dawn, a Drama in One Act , by John
F. Poole. 1866. Ireland’s Champion . Irishman in Cuba. Irishman in Greece , by John F. Poole. 1867. Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen , by John F. Poole. Might and Right, or The Days of 76 , A National Drama in One Act , by John F. Poole. The Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep, an Original Dramatic Composition.
FILMOGRAPHY
Caught By Wireless (Biograph 1908) A Daughter of Erin (Selig 1908) Drill, Ye Tarriers Drill (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1900) The Drunken Acrobats (American Mutoscope 1896) Dutch and Irish Politics (Lubin 1903) The Finish of Bridget McKeen (Edison 1901) How Bridget Made the Fire (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1900) How Bridget Served the Salad Undressed (American Mutoscope 1898) How Murphy Paid His Rent (Lubin 1903) Maggie Hoolihan Gets a Job (Path é -Fr è res 1910) Monday Morning in A Coney Island Police Court (Biograph 1908) My Wild Irish Rose (Warner Bros. 1947) The Policeman’s Revolver (Essanay 1909) The Settlement Workers (Selig Polyscope 1909) Shamus O’Brien (Selig 1908) The Shaughraun (Vitagraph 1907) The Truants (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1907) A Wayside Shrine (Vitagraph 1910) The Yellow Peril (Biograph 1908)
“Alderman Flynn,” 124–5“All Coons Look Alike to Me,” 42Any Port in a Storm, 118“Are You There Moriarty?,” 121Aunt Bridget’s Baby, 137
see also Monroe, George W.
Bal Masque, The, 135Banks, Ellen, 190Bards of Tara. See Kelly and RyanBarry, Billy, 29, 46–8, 190Barry and Bannon, 196Barry and Fay, 46–7, 190, 191Bayes, Nora, 41“Biddy Doyle,” 148–9Bitter and Sweet of a Traveling
Company, The, 121blackface, 30–9, 141–2Bradford and Delaney, 101Bridget’s Word Goes, 59, 136–7Bryant, Dan, 37, 49, 178, 179, 180Bryant and Hoey, 29
Carleton, WIlliam, 64, 180, 182, 183Carletons, The, 182, 191Casey and LeClair, 207, 209, 214Casey the Fireman, 41Casey’s Wife, 43–4, 203Caught By Wireless, 167–8Cavanagh, W. B., 64, 71“Chinese They Must Go, The,” 102Cline, Maggie, 58, 152–3, 163, 189“Coal Heavers, The,” 103Cohan, Jerry, 109–10, 181, 184, 192
“Come Down McGinty,” 149Conroy and McDonald, 54, 201, 204,
206Cordelia’s Aspirations, 126–7, 157Cormac of the Cave, or Heart of an
Irishman, 84–5Crane, Lawrence, 207, 213, 214cross-dressing, 135–43Crowders, Reuben. See Hogan,
ErnestCummings, Pet, 53
Daly and Devere, 59–60, 136–7, 195, 197, 202
Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland, 85–6
“Daughters of Erin, The,” 151“De Southwark Rebolution,” 33–4Donnelly and Drew, 191, 192Donovan, James B. and Fanny, 59,
204, 209Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish
Sketch, 86–7Dooley and the Diamond, 122, 215Dooley the Hod Carrier, 45“Dot Wife of Mine,” 150“Drill, Ye Tarriers Drill,” 103Drunkard’s Dream, The, 106Drunken Acrobat, The. See O’Brien
and Havel“Dublin Policemen,” 121Dumont, Frank, 64, 86Dutch and Irish Rivals, 27Dutchman in Ireland, A, 42
Index
250 Index
Elinore, Kate. See Elinore SistersElinore Sisters, 144–5, 157–8, 163Emerson, Billy, 36–7Emmett, Gracie, 58–9, 156–7, 163,
210ethnic stereotypes, 4, 10–11
dialects, 17–18in early cinema, 18–19in vaudeville, 16–17, 24, 29–30,
40–5, 49African American, 41, 42, 71–5,
90–1, 140–1“Dutch” (German), 27, 40–3,
49, 65, 91, 150, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 195, 197, 198, 200, 203, 204, 208, 211, 215
Italian, 41, 50, 65, 91, 103–4, 117–18
Jewish, 40–1, 43–5, 50, 203see also blackface; Irish
stereotypes
“Fair Irish Girls,” 151“Faugh-A-Ballagh Boys,” 112Fay, Hugh, 46, 186, 190
see also Barry and Fayfemale impersonators.
See cross-dressing; Monroe, George W.; Russell Brothers, The
Fenian’s Dream, or Ireland Free at Last, The, 67
Ferguson, Barney, 199, 201, 210Ferguson and Mack, 27, 186, 188,
195, 210, 212Fieldings, The, 109, 111, 183, 185Finish of Bridget McKeen, The, 134“Flanagan’s Night Off,” 116–17Florences, The, 178, 179, 180Four Shamrocks, The, 97, 161, 190Foy, Eddie, 23, 48–9Francis, Kittie, 143–4, 212“Full Moons, The,” 38
Gaylor, Bobby, 37, 54, 195, 213gender
in colonial and nationalist discourse, 24–5, 77, 80–2, 95–7, 110, 115–16, 131–3, 145–7, 150–2
and Irish American identity, 93–4, 105–6, 110–15, 128–30, 154, 159
“George Magee,” 110Gerard, Annie, 58, 163, 196Germany vs. Ireland, 29, 42Gilmore and Leonard, 53–4, 200,
203Girard, Eddie, 122, 215Girls Will Be Girls, 140Go West, or The Emigrant Palace Car, 42Go West on the Emigrant Train.
See Go West, or The Emigrant Palace Car
Goldberg, Leonora. See Bayes, Nora“Grogans, The,” 119Grogan’s Chinese Laundry, 137
Harrigan, Edward, 23, 37–8, 48, 109, 113, 121, 124, 126–7, 157, 158, 185, 190, 192, 193
Hart, Annie, 58, 163, 198Healey’s Hibernian Minstrels, 186, 188“Hibernian Ballet Dancers, The,” 40Hibernicon, The, 178, 179, 180, 181,
183, 185High Life and Low Life, or Scenes in
New York, 91Hills of Kerry, 75–9His Honor, Mayor of the Bowery,
55–7, 214“Hod Carriers, The,” 98Hogan, Ernest, 42Hooley, R. M., 36How Bridget Made the Fire, 134How Bridget Served the Salad
Undressed, 134“How Differend Dings Will Be,” 43
Index 251
“I Haven’t Been Home Since Morning,” 107
“I Leave Ireland and Mother Because We Are Poor,” 147
Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, 71–5
“I’m What You Call a Military Man,” 113
immigration to US (19th century), 5–6, 8, 10
Irish immigration statistics: 5–7Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour
Before Dawn, 68–71Ireland’s Champion, or O’Donnell of
the Hills, 79–82Irish in the United States
class, 7–8employment, 6–7labor unrest, 101population, 7racial tensions, 30–4, 102–4, 141religion, 3settlement patterns, 6
Irish Pawnbrokers, The, 44“Irish Servant Girls, The.” See Russell
Brothers, The“Irish Servants, The,” 185Irish stereotypes
on the antebellum stage, 2, 4, 8–11on the British stage, 8–9character types in vaudeville
colleen, 132–3, 150–5, 159, 164, 184
cop, 120–4, 187, 202, 214, 215domestic servant, 134–45, 156,
159drunken Irish, 36–7, 43, 72, 75,
79–80, 82, 84, 90–3, 98, 101, 104–9, 112, 114–19, 124, 126, 158
fighting Irish, 53, 82, 86, 88–90, 93, 100, 104, 107–8, 111–15, 150, 152
laborer, 97–104
mother, 126, 145–50politician, 123–5
comparison to African Americans, 3in contemporary media, 1in early cinema, 19–20, 97,
108–9, 134, 165–71see also ethnic stereotypes
Irishman in Cuba, 88–9, 93Irishman in Greece, 90–1“Is That Mr Reilly?,” 102–3
Janitress, The, 59, 136Johnson, Carroll, 36“Just Landed,” 125
Kalem Company, 92–3“Kate Riley,” 152Keegan’s Tailor Shop, 50, 183Kelly, John T., 38, 193, 194, 197
see also Kelly and RyanKelly, John W., 97, 199Kelly, Nora, 155Kelly, Sheila, 132–3Kelly and Ryan, 27, 29, 40, 49, 97–8,
99, 103, 106, 114–15, 129, 146–7, 161, 188, 189
Kernell, Harry, 37, 47, 50–1, 53, 113–14, 124–5, 162, 185, 192, 195
Kernell, John, 52, 197, 200, 211, 212Kernell Brothers, 27, 29, 50–3, 187,
194“Knights of Irish Labor,” 101
“Laboring Man, The,” 112–13lace curtain Irish, 7–8, 120–8, 155–9Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen,
66, 82–3
Mag Haggerty sketches, 127, 158see also Ryan and Richfield
“Maggie Clancy’s New Piano,” 158Maggie Hoolihan Gets a Job, 169–70“Maggie Murphy’s Home,” 158Maloney, Billy, 137
252 Index
“Mary Hughes,” 152McAvoy, Dan, 55–8, 214“McCormack the Copper,” 121–2McFadden’s Row of Flats, 131–2McSwiggan’s Parliament, 46“Michael Casey and his gang of Irish
laborers,” 101“Mickey Doran,” 152“Micks,” 109Might and Right, or The Days of
’76, 27, 65, 89–90, 93minstrel shows. See blackfaceMonday Morning in A Coney
Island Police Court, 168–9Monroe, George W., 137–9, 142–3,
189Moore, Flora, 27, 189“Morning in Mrs Reilly’s Kitchen,
A,” 117Morning’s Hearing, A, 125–6, 168Morris and Allen, 45Morton, Sam and Kitty.
See Mortons, TheMorton and Slater, 54, 203Mortons, The, 59–61, 107, 119, 163“Mother’s Last Words,” 147Mrs Bridget O’Shaughnessy, Wash Lady,
137–9, 142see also Monroe, George W.
Mrs Maas’s Troupe, 41, 184Mrs Murphy’s Second Husband, 58–9,
156–7, 210see also Emmett, Gracie
“Mulcahey Twins, The,” 109Muldoon’s Picnic, 47, 53, 188, 193Murphy, Mr and Mrs Mark, 54, 59,
60, 209, 210Murphy and Francis, 42Murphy and Mack, 152, 185, 190Murphy and Shannon, 43Murray, Elizabeth, 144, 213Murray and Mack, 55, 210, 216My Aunt Bridget, 137
see also Monroe, George W.
“My Little Irish Queen,” 36My Wild Irish Rose, 37
Nawn, Tom, 100, 210Nawns, The, 197, 204, 206Neeson, Patrick, 53Never Homes, The, 137, 139
see also Monroe, George W.New York Mechanics, 91“No Irish Need Apply,” 63, 113, 151
O’Brien and Havel, 108–9“O’Brien’s Raffle,” 107Ogden, J. H., 49–50, 162Olcott, Chauncey, 38One Touch of Nature, 100O’Neil, Kitty, 29, 58, 153“O’Shaughnessy Guards, The,” 114Our Bridget’s Home, 137
see also Monroe, George W.Over the Garden Wall, 137
see also Monroe, George W.
“Parade of the A.O.H,” 114, 115Pastor, Tony, 16, 24, 27, 29, 42, 47,
61, 63–94, 151, 162, 190, 204, 212, 214
“Pat and the Dutchman,” 42–3“Pat O’Brien,” 112–13Peasleys, The, 27“Philadelphia Riots,” 33Policeman’s Revolver, The, 169Poole, John F., 63, 6, 67, 68, 82, 89,
90, 113“Poor O’Hoolahan,” 101population growth, 5
see also immigration to US (19th century)
Primrose, George H., 37“Purty Pat, the Masher,” 118–19, 149
Ray, Johnny, 41“Real Coon Habits,” 42“Representative Irishman, A” 147–8
Index 253
Richmond, Adah, 114Rickey, Sam, 53“Rights of Ladies,” 139–40“Rising Politician, The,” 125“Rollicking, Roving Barney,” 109–10Rooney Sr., Pat, 23, 48, 97, 102,
118–19, 149, 182Russell Brothers, The, 37, 135–6, 198,
200, 201, 210, 214see also cross-dressing
Ryan, Thomas J., 127see also Kelly and Ryan; Ryan and
RichfieldRyan and Richfield, 127, 157, 205
Sam Todd of Yale, 116Scanlan, Walter. See van Brunt,
WalterScanlan and Cronin, 112, 122, 186“Scrubbing Women,” 146–7Settlement Workers, The, 170“Shamrock Guards, The,” 114–15Sheehan and Jones, 27, 186Sheehan and Kennedy, 203, 205, 207Sheehan and Sullivan, 119Simonds, Lottie West, 206, 212, 216“Slavery Days,” 38“Sound Democrat, The” 124St. George Hussey, Miss, 144stage Irish
on antebellum stage, 9–11in British theatre, 8–9protests against, 46–7, 55–7, 131–2,
136Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep,
65, 91Stephens’ Escape, or English Rule in
Ireland, 67–8stereotyping, theory, 4–5
see also ethnic stereotypes; Irish stereotypes
Stuart Sisters, 151“Such an Education has my Mary
Ann,” 158
“Tammany,” 121“Terrible Example, A,” 106“That’s My Sister,” 98–100Thornton, Bonnie, 197Thorntons, The, 59Truants, The, 168Two Armstrongs, The, 29
Undesirable Neighbor, An, 107–8, 127–8
Unwelcome Visitors, 27, 42urbanization, 5
van Brunt, Walter, 42variety theatre. See vaudeville,
development ofvaudeville
audiences, 11–12, 14–15, 17–18, 162, 165–6
“clean-up,” refinement of, 14–15development of, 13–16, 49and early cinema, 18–20
Waters, Nellie, 144, 202, 209Wayside Shrine, A, 171Weber and Fields, 41“When McGuinness Gets a Job,” 103,
104, 117–18“When Us Four Coons Are Wed,”
38–9“Who Threw the Overalls in Mrs
Murphy’s Chowder,” 157Widow Dooley’s Dream, The, 137
see also Monroe, George W.Williams, Mr and Mrs Barney, 49,
179, 181“Wish You Could Hab Seen Dat
Nigger’s Eye,” 36
Yeamans, Annie, 206, 215Yellow Peril, The, 168“Young America and Ould Ireland,”
63–4Young America in Ireland, 68