a power-point presentation: relative development of west
TRANSCRIPT
A Power-Point Presentation: Relative Development of West Bengal
and
Socio-Religious Differentials
By Dr. Abusaleh Shariff
3.00 pm | March 22, 2011 India Islamic Cultural Centre, New Delhi
Relative Development of Relative Development of West Bengal and SocioWest Bengal and Socio-- Religious DifferentialsReligious Differentials
Abusaleh Shariff Chief Economist
National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) 11-I.P. Estate, New Delhi – 110 002.
[email protected] | salehsahriff.blogspot.com
Relative Position of West Bengal in
India
Triennium Averages of Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (PCNSDP) at Constant 1999-2000 Prices. (Rs. in '000')
Ending 2007-08
Ending 2006-07
Ending 2001-02
Ending 1996-97
Ending 1991-92
Ending 1986-87
Ending 1981-82
Ending 1976-77
Ending 1971-72
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
Haryana 59 36.3 1 33.4 1 24.4 2 20.8 2 19 2 15.2 2 12.7 2 11.2 2 10.8 2
Maharashtra 47.1 30.9 2 28.8 3 22.4 3 19.5 3 15.1 3 11.6 3 10.9 3 9.8 5 8.7 5
Kerala 43.1 30.5 3 27.8 4 20 5 16.6 6 12.6 5 10.5 7 10.5 5 10.3 4 10.2 3
Punjab 46.7 30.1 4 28.8 2 25.9 1 22.8 1 20.6 1 17.5 1 15 1 12.8 1 11.6 1
Himachal Pradesh 40.1 28.9 5 27.4 5 21.7 4 16.6 5 14.3 4 11.2 4 10.8 4 10.4 3 10.1 4
Gujarat 45.8 28.8 6 26 6 18.1 7 17.2 4 12 7 10.6 6 9.4 7 7.8 9 8.1 7
Tamil Nadu 40.8 27.8 7 25.6 7 19.8 6 16.3 7 12.4 6 10 8 9.1 8 8.3 7 8.4 6
Karnataka 36.3 24.1 8 21.9 8 17.4 8 13.6 9 11.1 10 9 10 8.2 9 7.4 10 7.3 9
Andhra Pradesh 35.6 24 9 21.9 9 16.4 10 13.2 10 11.2 9 8.3 11 7.8 11 7 13 6.6 13
Uttarakhand 32.9 21.8 10 20.5 10 14.6 11 13.7 8 - - - - - - - - - -
West Bengal 32.1 21.8 11 20.4 11 16.5 9 12.8 11 10.3 11 9.2 9 8.1 10 7.9 8 7.8 8
Rajasthan 24 17.3 12 16 12 13.5 12 11.8 13 10 12 7.7 13 6.8 14 7.2 11 7.2 11
Chhattisgarh 29.8 16.8 13 15.3 13 11.5 15 11.3 14 - - - - - - - - - -
Orissa 26.7 15.7 14 14.3 15 10.5 17 9.3 17 9 13 8.2 12 7.4 12 7.1 12 7.3 10
Assam 22 15 15 14.4 14 12.4 13 12.2 12 11.8 8 11.2 5 9.8 6 9.6 6 6.3* 14
Jharkhand 19.9 14.2 16 13.3 16 10.7 16 9.5 16 - - - - - - - - - -
Madhya Pradesh 18.1 13 17 12.5 17 11.7 14 10.2 15 8.9 14 7.6 14 7.1 13 7 14 7.2 12
Uttar Pradesh 16.1 11.3 18 10.8 18 9.7 18 9.3 18 8.7 15 7.4 15 6.5 15 6.1 15 6.2 15
Bihar 11.1 7.9 19 7.3 19 6.1 19 5.5 19 6 16 5.7 16 4.8 16 4.4 16 4.3 16
Source :Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Online Database , http://www.rbi.org.in/ .
PCPC--NSDP, Poverty and Human Development Rank ComparisonsNSDP, Poverty and Human Development Rank Comparisons [Rank 1 is the Best][Rank 1 is the Best]
MID 2000s MID 1990s****
PCNSDP* HCR (Low to High)
HDI (High to Low)
1 HAR KER KER PUN PUN KER 2 MAH PUN HP HAR HAR PUN 3 PUN HP TN MAH KER TN 4 KER HAR KAR KER AP MAH 5 HP TN MAH GUJ GUJ HAR 6 GUJ AP UTT TN ASS GUJ 7 TN GUJ AP KAR RAJ KAR 8 KAR UTT WB AP TN WB 9 AP KAR GUJ WB WB RAJ
10 UTT WB CHH ASS KAR AP 11 WB ASS ORI RAJ MAH ORI 12 RAJ RAJ ASS CHH UP CHH 13 CHH MAH JHA MP MP MP 14 ASS UP RAJ JHA JHA UP 15 ORI JHA MP ORI CHH ASS 16 JHA MP BIH UP BIH BIH 17 MP CHH UP BIH ORI JHA 18 UP BIH PUN -- -- -- 19 BIH ORI HAR -- -- --
* Reserve Bank of India (RBI) online database (http://www.rbi.org.in ). ** Government of India (2009).*** Variables used are, life expectancy at birth , sex ratio, mean years of schooling , 7+ literacy rate and per capita net state domestic product. ****Shariff. A (2009).
States by the Level of Hunger in India
Low (Range-0.031-0.409)
Uttar Pradesh Gujarat
Tamil Nadu Bihar
West Bengal
Slide 31
The Hunger Index is a measure derived aggregating the three variables or factors: namely, 1. prevalence of calorie undernourishment using the FAO recommended 1820 kcal cutoff, which is much lower than the Planning Commissions cutoff; 2. average Body Mass Index -‘total thin’ men and women; and 3. Average of children stunted, wasted and underweight. Refer to Abusaleh Shariff and Devendra Kumar, ‘Hunger and Malnutrition in India: Concepts and Indexing’, Mimio, IFPRI, 2010
States ordered by avg. days of employment
Amount Distributed
(millions Rs)
% Rural HHs
Rs/ HH
Rajasthan 10070 30.8 77 100 7733 Madhya Pradesh 16520 54.4 63 85 5383 Chhattisgarh 7900 69.8 58 70 4032 Tamil Nadu 3870 14.9 52 80 4180 Haryana 210 2.8 50 136 6862 Jharkhand 4490 45 45 86 3827 Andhra Pradesh 16080 38.1 42 80 3348 Maharashtra 1110 4.2 39 70 2726 Punjab 110 1.8 39 97 3738 Orissa 2430 16.6 37 70 2578 Karnataka 1190 8.2 36 74 2661 Assam 2930 33.4 35 76 2642 Uttar Pradesh 8180 20.1 33 100 3327 Kerala 360 3.7 33 125 4096 Gujarat 540 4.9 31 50 1549 West Bengal 5810 34.1 25 75 1891 Bihar 5130 31.1 22 81 1795 Total 8586 24.6 42 -- --
Progress in MG-NREGA
West Bengal started NREGS with 10 districts in February 2006
Full coverage from April 2008
WB is at the bottom in creation of NREGA employment
Must improve NREGS Implementation in Mission Mode
.
FDI from April 2000 to August 2010
State Share (Percent ) Rs (Mn)
Maharashtra 34.09 1849560
Karnataka 6.43 348600
Gujarat 5.43 294500
Source: Deptt. of Industrial Policy & Promotion and M/o Commerce & Industry
Position of Muslims in West Bengal
State
Popl
2001
(Mill)
1999- 00
200 4-05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
India 1028.6 80.5 31.3 31.2 38.3 43.0 30.5 25.9 13.4 31.7 40.7 68.3 59.3 6.1
W Bengal 80.2 72.5 43.3 42.0 8.3 8.4 48.4 49.6 25.2 2.6 2.4 97.4 97.6 2.3
Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included Source: Sachar Report
Distribution of Population according to SRCs
Occupation, Employment and access to Organized Sector
Worker Ratios States Muslim Hindus Others
All India 55 66 65
West Bengal 56 56 64
Gujarat 61 71 56
Maharashtra 56 70 66
Occupational Differentials Select States
States Muslim Hindus Others
Informal Trade
Self Employment
Source : Sachar Report
Deprivation in Education
Muslim SCs/STs Others
Source: Sachar Report
West Bengal a major state with poor utilization
2009-10 All India Scholarships - 2.2 million: West Bengal - Muslims 2.34 lakh of total allocation of 2.45 lakh
We need to know if these scholarships were delivered
Back
Poverty, Safety and Security
Muslims constitute 25% of State Population 85% of Muslims Live in Rural West Bengal
Rural Poverty is very high and deep for Muslims relative to other states
Muslim Poverty is much higher than the state average !
Urban Muslims poverty is even higher than for SCs/STs !!
Muslim deprivation is considerably large in most of the economic, social, human development - education, employment,
health and infrastructural facilities
Employment (%)
Home Transport Other Department
West Bengal 25.2 2.1 - 1.0 7.1 - 2.4 Kerala 24.7 10.4 12.3 10.5 10.7 9.2 10.2
Uttar Pradesh 18.5 5.1 -- 5.6 9.8 4.2 5.0
Bihar 16.5 7.6 12.3 2.6 6.9 10.9 7.6
Karnataka 12.2 8.5 11.9 5.0 4.2 7.5 7.0
Maharashtra 10.6 4.4 4.7 2.8 4.2 -- 3.8
Andhra Pradesh* 9.2 8.8 7.9 6.4 14.6 10.0 8.9
Gujarat 9.1 5.4 4.5 1.5 5.6 16.3 5.3
Tamil Nadu 5.6 3.2 5.5 3.5 2.5 2.4 2.2
Employees Data provided by State Governments
State Government Employment
*Data not provided for group ABCD employees, only total employees and total Muslim employees is provided
Lack of Social and Physical Infrastructure in West Bengal . Overall villages with large Muslim population have poor physical and social infrastructure.
• >1000 Muslim-concentration villages in West Bengal do not have any educational institutions. Muslim concentration villages, especially smaller ones, lack access to educational institutions.
• > 3000 villages in West Bengal are without medical facilities.
• Large Number of Muslim concentration villages in West Bengal lack post and telegraph facilities.
• The situation with respect to availability of bus stop is of particular concern in Muslim concentration villages of West Bengal.
State No of
Districts Cumulative Frequency category A Category B1 Category B2
Uttar Pradesh 21 21 15 6 Assam 13 34 12 1
West Bengal 12 46 9 3 Arunachal Pradesh 7 53 4 3 Bihar 7 60 7 Manipur 6 66 1 5 Jharkhand 4 70 2 2 Maharashtra 4 74 1 3 Haryana 2 76 2 Uttaranchal 2 78 2 Karnataka 2 80 2 Mizoram 2 82 2 Andaman 1 83 1 Meghalaya 1 84 1 Orissa 1 85 1 Delhi 1 86 1 Madhya Pradesh 1 87 1 Jammu Kashmir 1 88 1 Kerala 1 89 1 Sikkim 1 90 1 Total 90 90 53 20 17
90 Minority Concentrated Districts by states
State MCD cost of projects
approved in a State
Total expenditure
from released
Uttar Pradesh 66,256 41,878 NR 12,922 31 20
West Bengal 55,257 27,867 28,407 3,523 13 6
Assam 33,676 19,419 NR 2,963 15 9 Bihar 24,465 12,179 12,595 1,350 11 6
Manipur 13,099 9,016 NR 3,804 42 29
Haryana 4,467 1,862 1,949 570 31 13
Jharkhand 10,349 4,430 NR NR
Uttrakhand 1,236 804 NR 179 22 14
Fund Utilization from the MCD Projects
Population (Shares)
No of A/Cs (000)
O/S
India (13.4; 5.6) 37476 226219 12.2 4.6 8.1 6.6 79.7 88.9
W Bengal (25.2; 2.1) 2192 10172 29.3 9.2 0.9 0.7 69.8 90.1
Table: Priority Sector Advances of ASCBs for the SRCs (Annual Average for 5 years’ ending 31st March 2001 to 31st March 2005)
Note: Figures in brackets after states represents the share of Muslims and Other Minorities in the Population of the State
An analysis with a large number as well as proportion of Muslim population presents a depressing scenario in West Bengal just above 29% of accounts are held by Muslims, 4% more than their share in population; but the share of amount outstanding is an abysmal 9.2%
Village and Neighborhood Conflict
One of the highest in India 63% in West Bengal as high as in Gujarat!
But lower that 82% in UP! And Uttrakhand!
Crime Victimization | Assault, theft, burglary
With very high in West Bengal and Bihar.
BUT !
Share in Total Households Shares in Theft/Breaking
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HC+ 19 35 23 16 35 21
Muslim 10 14 11 13 14 13
OBC 38 31 36 34 24 32
SCs/STs 34 19 30 37 26 35
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
WEST BENGAL
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total HC+ 17 34 20 23 27 24 Muslim 14 33 18 11 36 15 OBC 42 19 37 34 27 33 SCs/STs 27 14 24 32 11 28 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: IHDS 2004-05.
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HCs+ 19 35 23 15 37 22
Muslim 10 14 11 14 14 14
OBC 38 31 36 34 26 32
SC/ST 34 19 30 36 23 32
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
WEST BENGAL
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HCs+ 17 34 20 17 34 21 Muslim 14 33 18 15 35 20 OBC 42 19 37 43 19 37 SC/ST 27 14 24 25 12 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: IHDS 2004-05.
West Bengal is way below in direct income measures, and also records higher poverty
However, its Human Development rant is relatively better compared with poverty ranking.
Yet its HD ranking is considerably low
Progressive with respect to HDI are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Karnataka
Reservation of Muslim OBC in West Bengal
West Bengal Government announced 10% reservation for Muslim OBC in 2010! Thus total OBC reservation is 17% (10% =M | 7% = H)
Anomaly:
Hindu OBC 8.5 Muslim OBCs 2.5 as per NSSO Surveys
How can therefore be a quota of 10% for Muslims and only 7% for Hindus!
Since Muslims are OBCs at least 20% of all jobs must reserved for the Muslims. Not as a share of OBCs, rather for all Muslims as is done in Kerala. Creamy Layer and some High Castes can be excluded
State
Popl
2001
(Milns)
Popl
2001
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
199 9-00
2004 -05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
200 4-05
India 1028.6 80.5 31.3 31.2 38.3 43.0 30.5 25.9 13.4 31.7 40.7 68.3 59.3 6.1
W Bengal
2.6 2.4 97.4 97.6 2.3
Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included
Distribution of Population according to SRCs
Empirical Evidence suggests that Relative to other states and Relative to
other communities -
Muslims in West Bengal are facing High levels of deprivation and possible
discrimination
Population (4th most populous state) 90,310785
GSDP-2005-06 at Curr. Pr. (3rd Largest contributor to GDP)
236,0444 Rs Crore
Forest Area (< National avg. of 23%) 14% (of geog area)
Total Length of Surface Road 92,023 Km
National Highways 2,377 Km
State Highways 2,393 Km
Life Expectancy (1995-99 ) (> National Value – 61.7 years)
63.4 years
Socio-Religious Differentials
By Dr. Abusaleh Shariff
3.00 pm | March 22, 2011 India Islamic Cultural Centre, New Delhi
Relative Development of Relative Development of West Bengal and SocioWest Bengal and Socio-- Religious DifferentialsReligious Differentials
Abusaleh Shariff Chief Economist
National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) 11-I.P. Estate, New Delhi – 110 002.
[email protected] | salehsahriff.blogspot.com
Relative Position of West Bengal in
India
Triennium Averages of Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (PCNSDP) at Constant 1999-2000 Prices. (Rs. in '000')
Ending 2007-08
Ending 2006-07
Ending 2001-02
Ending 1996-97
Ending 1991-92
Ending 1986-87
Ending 1981-82
Ending 1976-77
Ending 1971-72
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
PC- NSDP Rank
Haryana 59 36.3 1 33.4 1 24.4 2 20.8 2 19 2 15.2 2 12.7 2 11.2 2 10.8 2
Maharashtra 47.1 30.9 2 28.8 3 22.4 3 19.5 3 15.1 3 11.6 3 10.9 3 9.8 5 8.7 5
Kerala 43.1 30.5 3 27.8 4 20 5 16.6 6 12.6 5 10.5 7 10.5 5 10.3 4 10.2 3
Punjab 46.7 30.1 4 28.8 2 25.9 1 22.8 1 20.6 1 17.5 1 15 1 12.8 1 11.6 1
Himachal Pradesh 40.1 28.9 5 27.4 5 21.7 4 16.6 5 14.3 4 11.2 4 10.8 4 10.4 3 10.1 4
Gujarat 45.8 28.8 6 26 6 18.1 7 17.2 4 12 7 10.6 6 9.4 7 7.8 9 8.1 7
Tamil Nadu 40.8 27.8 7 25.6 7 19.8 6 16.3 7 12.4 6 10 8 9.1 8 8.3 7 8.4 6
Karnataka 36.3 24.1 8 21.9 8 17.4 8 13.6 9 11.1 10 9 10 8.2 9 7.4 10 7.3 9
Andhra Pradesh 35.6 24 9 21.9 9 16.4 10 13.2 10 11.2 9 8.3 11 7.8 11 7 13 6.6 13
Uttarakhand 32.9 21.8 10 20.5 10 14.6 11 13.7 8 - - - - - - - - - -
West Bengal 32.1 21.8 11 20.4 11 16.5 9 12.8 11 10.3 11 9.2 9 8.1 10 7.9 8 7.8 8
Rajasthan 24 17.3 12 16 12 13.5 12 11.8 13 10 12 7.7 13 6.8 14 7.2 11 7.2 11
Chhattisgarh 29.8 16.8 13 15.3 13 11.5 15 11.3 14 - - - - - - - - - -
Orissa 26.7 15.7 14 14.3 15 10.5 17 9.3 17 9 13 8.2 12 7.4 12 7.1 12 7.3 10
Assam 22 15 15 14.4 14 12.4 13 12.2 12 11.8 8 11.2 5 9.8 6 9.6 6 6.3* 14
Jharkhand 19.9 14.2 16 13.3 16 10.7 16 9.5 16 - - - - - - - - - -
Madhya Pradesh 18.1 13 17 12.5 17 11.7 14 10.2 15 8.9 14 7.6 14 7.1 13 7 14 7.2 12
Uttar Pradesh 16.1 11.3 18 10.8 18 9.7 18 9.3 18 8.7 15 7.4 15 6.5 15 6.1 15 6.2 15
Bihar 11.1 7.9 19 7.3 19 6.1 19 5.5 19 6 16 5.7 16 4.8 16 4.4 16 4.3 16
Source :Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Online Database , http://www.rbi.org.in/ .
PCPC--NSDP, Poverty and Human Development Rank ComparisonsNSDP, Poverty and Human Development Rank Comparisons [Rank 1 is the Best][Rank 1 is the Best]
MID 2000s MID 1990s****
PCNSDP* HCR (Low to High)
HDI (High to Low)
1 HAR KER KER PUN PUN KER 2 MAH PUN HP HAR HAR PUN 3 PUN HP TN MAH KER TN 4 KER HAR KAR KER AP MAH 5 HP TN MAH GUJ GUJ HAR 6 GUJ AP UTT TN ASS GUJ 7 TN GUJ AP KAR RAJ KAR 8 KAR UTT WB AP TN WB 9 AP KAR GUJ WB WB RAJ
10 UTT WB CHH ASS KAR AP 11 WB ASS ORI RAJ MAH ORI 12 RAJ RAJ ASS CHH UP CHH 13 CHH MAH JHA MP MP MP 14 ASS UP RAJ JHA JHA UP 15 ORI JHA MP ORI CHH ASS 16 JHA MP BIH UP BIH BIH 17 MP CHH UP BIH ORI JHA 18 UP BIH PUN -- -- -- 19 BIH ORI HAR -- -- --
* Reserve Bank of India (RBI) online database (http://www.rbi.org.in ). ** Government of India (2009).*** Variables used are, life expectancy at birth , sex ratio, mean years of schooling , 7+ literacy rate and per capita net state domestic product. ****Shariff. A (2009).
States by the Level of Hunger in India
Low (Range-0.031-0.409)
Uttar Pradesh Gujarat
Tamil Nadu Bihar
West Bengal
Slide 31
The Hunger Index is a measure derived aggregating the three variables or factors: namely, 1. prevalence of calorie undernourishment using the FAO recommended 1820 kcal cutoff, which is much lower than the Planning Commissions cutoff; 2. average Body Mass Index -‘total thin’ men and women; and 3. Average of children stunted, wasted and underweight. Refer to Abusaleh Shariff and Devendra Kumar, ‘Hunger and Malnutrition in India: Concepts and Indexing’, Mimio, IFPRI, 2010
States ordered by avg. days of employment
Amount Distributed
(millions Rs)
% Rural HHs
Rs/ HH
Rajasthan 10070 30.8 77 100 7733 Madhya Pradesh 16520 54.4 63 85 5383 Chhattisgarh 7900 69.8 58 70 4032 Tamil Nadu 3870 14.9 52 80 4180 Haryana 210 2.8 50 136 6862 Jharkhand 4490 45 45 86 3827 Andhra Pradesh 16080 38.1 42 80 3348 Maharashtra 1110 4.2 39 70 2726 Punjab 110 1.8 39 97 3738 Orissa 2430 16.6 37 70 2578 Karnataka 1190 8.2 36 74 2661 Assam 2930 33.4 35 76 2642 Uttar Pradesh 8180 20.1 33 100 3327 Kerala 360 3.7 33 125 4096 Gujarat 540 4.9 31 50 1549 West Bengal 5810 34.1 25 75 1891 Bihar 5130 31.1 22 81 1795 Total 8586 24.6 42 -- --
Progress in MG-NREGA
West Bengal started NREGS with 10 districts in February 2006
Full coverage from April 2008
WB is at the bottom in creation of NREGA employment
Must improve NREGS Implementation in Mission Mode
.
FDI from April 2000 to August 2010
State Share (Percent ) Rs (Mn)
Maharashtra 34.09 1849560
Karnataka 6.43 348600
Gujarat 5.43 294500
Source: Deptt. of Industrial Policy & Promotion and M/o Commerce & Industry
Position of Muslims in West Bengal
State
Popl
2001
(Mill)
1999- 00
200 4-05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
India 1028.6 80.5 31.3 31.2 38.3 43.0 30.5 25.9 13.4 31.7 40.7 68.3 59.3 6.1
W Bengal 80.2 72.5 43.3 42.0 8.3 8.4 48.4 49.6 25.2 2.6 2.4 97.4 97.6 2.3
Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included Source: Sachar Report
Distribution of Population according to SRCs
Occupation, Employment and access to Organized Sector
Worker Ratios States Muslim Hindus Others
All India 55 66 65
West Bengal 56 56 64
Gujarat 61 71 56
Maharashtra 56 70 66
Occupational Differentials Select States
States Muslim Hindus Others
Informal Trade
Self Employment
Source : Sachar Report
Deprivation in Education
Muslim SCs/STs Others
Source: Sachar Report
West Bengal a major state with poor utilization
2009-10 All India Scholarships - 2.2 million: West Bengal - Muslims 2.34 lakh of total allocation of 2.45 lakh
We need to know if these scholarships were delivered
Back
Poverty, Safety and Security
Muslims constitute 25% of State Population 85% of Muslims Live in Rural West Bengal
Rural Poverty is very high and deep for Muslims relative to other states
Muslim Poverty is much higher than the state average !
Urban Muslims poverty is even higher than for SCs/STs !!
Muslim deprivation is considerably large in most of the economic, social, human development - education, employment,
health and infrastructural facilities
Employment (%)
Home Transport Other Department
West Bengal 25.2 2.1 - 1.0 7.1 - 2.4 Kerala 24.7 10.4 12.3 10.5 10.7 9.2 10.2
Uttar Pradesh 18.5 5.1 -- 5.6 9.8 4.2 5.0
Bihar 16.5 7.6 12.3 2.6 6.9 10.9 7.6
Karnataka 12.2 8.5 11.9 5.0 4.2 7.5 7.0
Maharashtra 10.6 4.4 4.7 2.8 4.2 -- 3.8
Andhra Pradesh* 9.2 8.8 7.9 6.4 14.6 10.0 8.9
Gujarat 9.1 5.4 4.5 1.5 5.6 16.3 5.3
Tamil Nadu 5.6 3.2 5.5 3.5 2.5 2.4 2.2
Employees Data provided by State Governments
State Government Employment
*Data not provided for group ABCD employees, only total employees and total Muslim employees is provided
Lack of Social and Physical Infrastructure in West Bengal . Overall villages with large Muslim population have poor physical and social infrastructure.
• >1000 Muslim-concentration villages in West Bengal do not have any educational institutions. Muslim concentration villages, especially smaller ones, lack access to educational institutions.
• > 3000 villages in West Bengal are without medical facilities.
• Large Number of Muslim concentration villages in West Bengal lack post and telegraph facilities.
• The situation with respect to availability of bus stop is of particular concern in Muslim concentration villages of West Bengal.
State No of
Districts Cumulative Frequency category A Category B1 Category B2
Uttar Pradesh 21 21 15 6 Assam 13 34 12 1
West Bengal 12 46 9 3 Arunachal Pradesh 7 53 4 3 Bihar 7 60 7 Manipur 6 66 1 5 Jharkhand 4 70 2 2 Maharashtra 4 74 1 3 Haryana 2 76 2 Uttaranchal 2 78 2 Karnataka 2 80 2 Mizoram 2 82 2 Andaman 1 83 1 Meghalaya 1 84 1 Orissa 1 85 1 Delhi 1 86 1 Madhya Pradesh 1 87 1 Jammu Kashmir 1 88 1 Kerala 1 89 1 Sikkim 1 90 1 Total 90 90 53 20 17
90 Minority Concentrated Districts by states
State MCD cost of projects
approved in a State
Total expenditure
from released
Uttar Pradesh 66,256 41,878 NR 12,922 31 20
West Bengal 55,257 27,867 28,407 3,523 13 6
Assam 33,676 19,419 NR 2,963 15 9 Bihar 24,465 12,179 12,595 1,350 11 6
Manipur 13,099 9,016 NR 3,804 42 29
Haryana 4,467 1,862 1,949 570 31 13
Jharkhand 10,349 4,430 NR NR
Uttrakhand 1,236 804 NR 179 22 14
Fund Utilization from the MCD Projects
Population (Shares)
No of A/Cs (000)
O/S
India (13.4; 5.6) 37476 226219 12.2 4.6 8.1 6.6 79.7 88.9
W Bengal (25.2; 2.1) 2192 10172 29.3 9.2 0.9 0.7 69.8 90.1
Table: Priority Sector Advances of ASCBs for the SRCs (Annual Average for 5 years’ ending 31st March 2001 to 31st March 2005)
Note: Figures in brackets after states represents the share of Muslims and Other Minorities in the Population of the State
An analysis with a large number as well as proportion of Muslim population presents a depressing scenario in West Bengal just above 29% of accounts are held by Muslims, 4% more than their share in population; but the share of amount outstanding is an abysmal 9.2%
Village and Neighborhood Conflict
One of the highest in India 63% in West Bengal as high as in Gujarat!
But lower that 82% in UP! And Uttrakhand!
Crime Victimization | Assault, theft, burglary
With very high in West Bengal and Bihar.
BUT !
Share in Total Households Shares in Theft/Breaking
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HC+ 19 35 23 16 35 21
Muslim 10 14 11 13 14 13
OBC 38 31 36 34 24 32
SCs/STs 34 19 30 37 26 35
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
WEST BENGAL
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total HC+ 17 34 20 23 27 24 Muslim 14 33 18 11 36 15 OBC 42 19 37 34 27 33 SCs/STs 27 14 24 32 11 28 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: IHDS 2004-05.
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HCs+ 19 35 23 15 37 22
Muslim 10 14 11 14 14 14
OBC 38 31 36 34 26 32
SC/ST 34 19 30 36 23 32
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
WEST BENGAL
Group Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
HCs+ 17 34 20 17 34 21 Muslim 14 33 18 15 35 20 OBC 42 19 37 43 19 37 SC/ST 27 14 24 25 12 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Source: IHDS 2004-05.
West Bengal is way below in direct income measures, and also records higher poverty
However, its Human Development rant is relatively better compared with poverty ranking.
Yet its HD ranking is considerably low
Progressive with respect to HDI are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Karnataka
Reservation of Muslim OBC in West Bengal
West Bengal Government announced 10% reservation for Muslim OBC in 2010! Thus total OBC reservation is 17% (10% =M | 7% = H)
Anomaly:
Hindu OBC 8.5 Muslim OBCs 2.5 as per NSSO Surveys
How can therefore be a quota of 10% for Muslims and only 7% for Hindus!
Since Muslims are OBCs at least 20% of all jobs must reserved for the Muslims. Not as a share of OBCs, rather for all Muslims as is done in Kerala. Creamy Layer and some High Castes can be excluded
State
Popl
2001
(Milns)
Popl
2001
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
2004- 05
199 9-00
2004 -05
1999- 00
2004- 05
1999- 00
200 4-05
India 1028.6 80.5 31.3 31.2 38.3 43.0 30.5 25.9 13.4 31.7 40.7 68.3 59.3 6.1
W Bengal
2.6 2.4 97.4 97.6 2.3
Note: Based on NSSO 55TH Round (Schedule 10) and 61st Round (Schedule 10) data *a small percentage of SCs & STs included
Distribution of Population according to SRCs
Empirical Evidence suggests that Relative to other states and Relative to
other communities -
Muslims in West Bengal are facing High levels of deprivation and possible
discrimination
Population (4th most populous state) 90,310785
GSDP-2005-06 at Curr. Pr. (3rd Largest contributor to GDP)
236,0444 Rs Crore
Forest Area (< National avg. of 23%) 14% (of geog area)
Total Length of Surface Road 92,023 Km
National Highways 2,377 Km
State Highways 2,393 Km
Life Expectancy (1995-99 ) (> National Value – 61.7 years)
63.4 years