a positive approach to the assessment of translation errors - aieti

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Actas del I Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación A positive approach to the assessment of translation errors Christopher WADDINGTON Universidad Pontifica Comillas Como citar este artículo: WADDINGTON, Christopher (2003) «A positive approach to the assessment of translation errors», en MUÑOZ MARTÍN, Ricardo [ed.] I AIETI. Actas del I Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación. Granada 12-14 de Febrero de 2003. Granada: AIETI. Vol. n.º 2, pp. 409-426. ISBN 84-933360-0-9. Versión electrónica disponible en la web de la AIETI: <http://www.aieti.eu/pubs/actas/I/AIETI_1_CW_Approach.pdf >.

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Page 1: A positive approach to the assessment of translation errors - AIETI

Actas del I Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación

A positive approachto the assessment of translation errors

Christopher WADDINGTON

Universidad Pontifica Comillas

Como citar este artículo:

WADDINGTON, Christopher (2003) «A positive approach to the assessment of translation errors», en MUÑOZ MARTÍN, Ricardo [ed.] I AIETI. Actas del I Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación. Granada 12-14 de Febrero de 2003. Granada: AIETI. Vol. n.º 2, pp. 409-426. ISBN 84-933360-0-9. Versión electrónica disponible en la web de la AIETI: <http://www.aieti.eu/pubs/actas/I/AIETI_1_CW_Approach.pdf>.

Page 2: A positive approach to the assessment of translation errors - AIETI

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5

Complete transfer of ST information; only minor revision needed to reach professional standard.

Almost all the translation reads like a piece originally written in English. There may be minor lexical, grammatical or spelling errors.

Successful 9, 10

4

Almost complete transfer; there may be one or two insignificant inaccuracies; requires certain amount of revision to reach professional standard.

Large sections read like a piece originally written in English. There are a number of lexical, grammatical or spelling errors.

Almost completely successful

7, 8

3

Transfer of the general idea(s) but with a number of lapses in accuracy; needs considerable revision to reach professional standard.

Certain parts read like a piece originally written in English, but others read like a translation. There are a considerable number of lexical, grammatical or spelling errors.

Adequate 5, 6

2

Transfer undermined by serious inaccuracies; thorough revision required to reach professional standard.

Almost the entire text reads like a translation; there are continual lexical, grammatical or spelling errors.

Inadequate 3, 4

1

Totally inadequate transfer of ST content; the translation is not worth revising.

The candidate reveals a total lack of ability to express himself adequately in English.

Totally inadequate 1, 2

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i) To learn the basic terminology of translation metalanguage. ii) To learn how to use monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. iii) To learn the basic methods of documentation. iv) To understand the communicative nature of translation (to recognise the

importance of the participants; to recognise the ST and TT context; to recognise the main function of the text, and the secondary functions of parts of the text).

v) To recognise the different steps in the translation process: comprehension, deverbalization and re-expression.

vi) To learn to analyse the ST (to detect lexical and syntactic differences; to recognise ST cohesion and coherence and possible problems in transferring them to the TT).

vii) To learn to distinguish between different text types and types of translation (author-centred, reader-centred, etc.)

viii) To develop creativity to solve translation problems.

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i) Proper names. ii) Cultural differences. iii) Headings. iv) Lack of equivalence. v) Idiomatic expressions. vi) Words in inverted commas, in italics or underlined. vii) Metaphorical language. viii) Expressive elements (irony, anger, enthusiasm, etc.) ix) Acronyms. x) Aspects of style and register that are difficult to convey in the TL. xi) Long sentences that are difficult to break down. xii) TL words in the ST. xiii) Quotations from TL writers or speakers. xiv) Defects in the ST. xv) Repetition of words within the same text. xvi) Figures and systems of measurement.

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Las primeras noticias históricas sobre lo que iba a ser Madrid nos (1) OOHYDQ hasta (2) ORV tiempos del Paleolítico: en las riberas del Manzanares (3) VH�HPSOD]DED un importante asentamiento humano, tal vez el mayor (4) GH Europa. Las (5) VLJXLHQWHV noticias, tras un largo período de oscuridad, son de tiempos (6) PX\�SRVWHULRUHV: concretamente del (7) VLJOR�IX, cuando el emir de Córdoba (8) 0RKDPHG�, levantó una fortaleza (9) HQ�HO�HPSOD]DPLHQWR que hoy (10) RFXSD el Palacio Real. Alrededor de ese alcázar (11) VH�GHVDUUROOy una pequeña (12) SREODFLyQ (13) GH FDUiFWHU�PLOLWDU, (14) IXHUWHPHQWH DPXUDOODGD. Los avatares de la (15) 5HFRQTXLVWD afectaron (16) DMadrid, que sufrió (17) GLYHUVRV ataques hasta que finalmente (18) $OIRQVR�9, la conquistó en 1083. (19) 'DWD dealrededor de 1200 el (20) )XHUR�GH�0DGULG, (21) SULPHU (22) &RUSXV�OHJDO�YLJHQWH en la (23) YLOOD: el Madrid medieval iba ganando (24) SDXODWLQDPHQWH (25) FDUiFWHU�FLXGDGDQR y perdiendo carácter militar. (26) 3RU�HOOR, y por su situación central privilegiada, fue el lugar elegido por (27) )HUQDQGR�,9 para convocar las (28) &RUWHV�GH�&DVWLOOD en 1309: tal vez (29) HO�SULPHU�SDVR�GH�0DGULG (30) KDFLD�OD�FDSLWDOLGDG. Como toda (31) &DVWLOOD,Madrid (32) YLYtD (33) HQ�ODV�SRVWULPHUtDV�GH�OD�(GDG�0HGLD las convulsiones causadas por las (34) EDQGHUtDV y las guerras civiles. (35) 1R�WHQtD�OD�LPSRUWDQFLD de otras ciudades castellanas como Burgos, Segovia o Toledo, pero (36) GHVGH los (37) 7UDVWiPDUDV fue lugar de residencia predilecto de los monarcas: (38) VRQ�ORV�FDVRV de (39) (QULTXH�,,,, (40) -XDQ�,, yEnrique IV.

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,QWURGXFWLRQ�The first archaeological evidence of what was eventually to become Madrid takes us back to Palaeolithic times: on the banks of the river Manzanares there are signs of an important human settlement, perhaps the largest in Europe. The next piece of evidence appears after a long period of silence, and belongs to much later times: the 11th century, when the Emir of Córdoba, Mohammed I, constructed a fortress on the site now occupied by the Royal Palace. Around this fortress, there grew up a small strongly fortified garrison town. Madrid was involved in the 5HFRQTXLVWD, the troubled times when the people of Spain drove out the Moslem invader; it came under attack on several occasions before it was finally conquered by Alfonso VI in 1083. The Charter of Madrid, the town's first legal statute, dates from about 1200: mediaeval Madrid was gradually changing from a garrison into a town. This, together with its privileged central position, led Ferdinand IV to choose it as the site for summoning the Castilian Parliament in 1309, which was possibly Madrid's first step towards becoming the capital. At the end of the Middle Ages, like the rest of Castile, Madrid suffered the upheavals caused by conflicting factions and civil wars. It was not as important as other Castilian towns such as Burgos, Segovia or Toledo, but from the middle of the 14th century it became the favourite residence of monarchs of the House of Trastamara, such as Henry III, John II and Henry IV.

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