a portrait of the peptoid folding landscape: a step towards the...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Portrait of the Peptoid Folding Landscape:
A Step Towards the Rational Design of Peptidomimetics
Glenn Butterfoss
New York University
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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p53
Protein Design for Therapeutics or Biosensors?
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Therapeutic and biosensor molecules
Peptides
Advantages:
polymers (easy to sample/screen)
“right size”
Challenges:
degradation
alphabet size
…
Peptidomimetics
Short peptide-like molecules
Advantages:
polymers (easy to sample/screen)
“right size”
protease resistant (?)
more customizable (?)
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Peptidomimetics
Some common classes:
D-amino acids
β amino acids (extra main chain carbon)
Peptoids
N
R
H O
n
Peptide
Therapeutic and biosensor molecules
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Peptoids
N-substituted glycine oligomers
Side chain on the nitrogen
Achiral backbone
No internal backbone hydrogen-bonding
N
R
H O
nN
R O
n
Peptide Peptoid
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Peptoids:
submonomer synthesis: very high chemical diversity
H2N
OHBr
O
DIC
DMF
HN
Br
O20 min, RT
R NH2
DMF
20 min, RT
HN
HN
OR
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Peptoids:
Ng, S.; Goodson, B.; Ehrhardt, A.; Moos, W. H.; Siani, M.; Winter, J. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 1999, 7, 1781-1785.
Gorske, B. C.; Jewell, S. A.; Guerard, E. J.; Blackwell, H. E.
Organic Letters 2005, 7, 1521-1524.
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Nguyen, J. T.; Porter, M.; Amoui, M.; Miller, W. T.; Zuckermann, R. N.; Lim, W. A. Chemistry & Biology 2000, 7, 463-473.
Comegna, D.; De Riccardis, F. Organic Letters 2009, 11, 3898-3901.
Gorske, B. C.; Stringer, J. R.; Bastian, B. L.; Fowler, S. A.; Blackwell, H. E. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2009, 131, 16555-16567.
Peptoids:
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Ramachandran.png
Peptoids: designable foldamers?
N
R O
n
Peptoid
?
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Peptoids: no backbone H-bond donors:
Stryer’s Biochemistryα-Helix
β-Sheet
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www.imb-jena.de/~rake/Bioinformatics_WEB/basics_peptide_bond.html
cistrans
vs
Peptoids: cis/trans isomerisation
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Peptoids: cis/trans isomerisation
peptoid torsion indexing:
(ωi, φi, ψi)
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Ramachandran.png
PDB: 50,000+
Structures
Peptoids: designable foldamers?
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Peptoids: ~10 known structures
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Φ1
Ψ1 Φ2
Ψ2
ω1
Peptoids: designable foldamers?
QM: Model Compound
Butterfoss GL, Renfrew PD, Kuhlman B, Kirshenbaum K, Bonneau R.J Am Chem Soc. 2009 13:16798-807.
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Φ1
Ψ1 Φ2
Ψ2
ω1
Red angles - combinatorial scan every 15 deg
Peptoids: backbone conformational scan
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kcal/mol
trans
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
Φ
Ψ ΦΨ
ω
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trans glycine
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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Φ
Ψ ΦΨ
ω
trans
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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trans
PPII helix
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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PPII helixmirror image(right handed)
trans
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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trans
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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Φ
Ψ ΦΨω
cis
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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PPI helix
cis
Peptoid Ramachandran energy surface
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cistrans
vs
Peptoid amide isomerization:
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NO
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
Shah NH, Butterfoss GL, Nguyen K, Yoo B, Bonneau R, Rabenstein DL, Kirshenbaum K.J Am Chem Soc. 2008 130: 16622-32.
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Monomer prefers trans (consistent with NMR data)
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
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N
O
Chi1 prefers 90˚
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
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Predicted model of N-aryl polymer: ~PPII helix
(φ,ψ) (-75°, 150°)3-3.3 residues per turn
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
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Peptoids in Rosetta
Issues:
Non canonical backbone & side chains
MM Energy functions
chi 1
cis / trans isomerization
movers & rotamer libraries
N
R O
n
Peptoid
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Remove
Dunbrack internal energy term
Ramachandran backbone torsion
Reference energy
Add
MM torsion term
MM intra residue LJ term
Explicit unfolded
Peptoids in Rosetta: Energy Function Modifications
Unmodified Terms
Inter-residue Lennard-Jones
Hydrogen Bond term
Solvation term
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Torsions
Default CHARMM 27
Need new parameters for peptoid nitrogen
0 60 120 180 240 300 3600
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Energy vs. Torsion Angle
Torsion Angle (degrees)
Ener
gy (k
cal/m
ol)
Peptoids in Rosetta: Energy Function Modifications
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dipeptide models- span torsion space
Leucine phi=-60, psi = 40
Peptoids in Rosetta: Rotamer Libraries
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Minimize side chains
Backbone dihedrals fixed
Peptoids in Rosetta: Rotamer Libraries
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Cluster χ angles
Low energy sidechains formcompact clusters
Peptoids in Rosetta: Rotamer Libraries
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Each cluster representsa rotamer
Angles from lowestEnergy side chain
Energies convertedTo probabilities
Rotamer
Cluster center
Peptoids in Rosetta: Rotamer Libraries
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Peptoids in Rosetta: Rotamer Libraries
Ornithine-likepeptoid
Chi 1
Chi
2
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Blue: cyclic hexamerYellow: peptide type-I β-turn
Cyclo-hexamers with same backbone structure
Peptoids: examples
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Purple: Peptoid macrocycleCyan: TCFGreen: β-Catenin
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Peptoid cyclo-hexamers as broad spectrum antibiotics
Peptoids: examples
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
Gra
mic
idin
S(N
dpN
ibN
gbN
ipPr
o)2
(Nap
Npm
)4(N
apN
nm)3
(Nap
Ndp
)3(N
apN
pm)5
7.8
125
125
500
250
500
31.3
250
250
2
62.5
125
1
15.6
15.6
15.6
31.3
62.5
2
15.6
15.6
62.5
31.3
62.5
2
31.3
31.3
0.5
31.3
31.3
1
15.6
7.8
0.5
7.8
7.8
CYCLIC
LINEAR
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (μg/mL)
(NapNpm)5
(NapNdp)3
(NapNpm)3
(NapNnm)3
(NdpNibNgbNipPro)2
Gramicidin S
Slide: Mia Huang
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
B. subtilis
E. coli
S. aureus
Gra
mic
idin
S(N
dpN
ibN
gbN
ipPr
o)2
(Nap
Npm
)4(N
apN
nm)3
(Nap
Ndp
)3(N
apN
pm)5
7.8
125
125
500
250
500
31.3
250
250
2
62.5
125
1
15.6
15.6
15.6
31.3
62.5
2
15.6
15.6
62.5
31.3
62.5
2
31.3
31.3
0.5
31.3
31.3
1
15.6
7.8
0.5
7.8
7.8
CYCLIC
LINEAR
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (μg/mL)
(NapNpm)5
(NapNdp)3
(NapNpm)3
(NapNnm)3
(NdpNibNgbNipPro)2
Gramicidin S
Slide: Mia Huang
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Conclusions
Peptoid backbones are well predicted by theoretical models
— likely a good platform for design
We are beginning to understand preferences of various peptoid residue types
— building blocks for rational design
We are developing tools to model peptoids in Rosetta
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Rich Bonneau
Doug Renfrew
Kent Kirshenbaum
Mia Huang
Neel Shah
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Cyclic Scaffold Bearing N-aryl Side Chains
N-aryl at residues at i and i + 3:
crystal structure shows a predicted structure
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
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Cyclic Scaffold Bearing N-aryl Side Chains
N-aryl at residues at i and i + 1:
model structure based on HSQC, COSY, and NOE:
Peptoids: N-aryl side chains
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Φ
Ψ ΦΨ
ω
Peptoids: psi vs omega
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Φ
Ψ ΦΨ
ω
Peptoids: phi vs omega