a parking-constrained all-mode airport ground access mode choice model ian harrington central...
TRANSCRIPT
A Parking-constrained All-mode Airport Ground Access
Mode Choice Model
Ian Harrington
Central Transportation Planning Staff
Boston, Massachusetts
Objectives of Presentation
• Explain reasons to model airport ground access mode choice
• Describe structure of model• Define model parameters and data sources• Describe features of model
Why Model Airport Mode Choice?
• Logan Airport passengers account for about 0.5% of weekday person-trips in Eastern Massachusetts region (74,000 trips in 2007)
• Logan Airport is located in congested area• Special services for airport passengers• Airport mode choice has different factors• Port authority is interested in more detail
Model Structure
• Create separate model for each market segment: • Resident Business• Resident Non-Business• Non-Resident Business• Non-Resident Non-Business• Model demand for 21 modes, including rental cars• Account for impacts of constrained parking supply• Estimate egress mode distributions as well
Ground Access Modes• Rapid transit: walk and drive access• Silver Line (BRT): walk and drive access• Water shuttle: walk and drive access• Logan Express bus: drop-off and park*• Local bus: walk and drive access• Private bus• Door-to-door: Taxi, Shuttle, and Limo• Driven: Drop-off and Short-term Parking• Self*: Long-term, Economy, and Remote Parking• Rental car**: Logan and Off-airport
Model Parameters
• Passenger characteristics• Trip characteristics• Regional travel times and costs• On-airport travel times
Passenger Characteristics
• Market segment• Household size• Household income• Auto ownership• Employer-paid travel?• Logan flight frequency
Source: 2003 Logan Airport Passenger Survey (some empty cells filled)
Trip Characteristics
• Origin Transportation Analysis Zone• Residential Origin?• Party size• Day of week begun• Trip duration• Luggage carried• Time period (AM peak, midday, PM peak, night)• Airport terminal
Source: 2003 Logan Airport Passenger Survey
Regional Travel Times and Costs
• HOV and SOV time, distance, and tolls
Source: CTPS Regional Model highway assignments
• Transit in-vehicle, wait, and walk times and fares – walk-access and drive-access – for each mode (separate walk-access links required for each mode)
Source: CTPS Regional Model transit assignments
On-airport travel times • Auto to terminals• Auto to parking locations• Auto to rental car locations• Buses to terminals• Rapid transit shuttle to terminals• Rental car shuttles to terminals• Water shuttle bus to terminals• Walk from parking locations to terminals
Source: Travel time runs
Resident Business Model
DAT (6)
Long-term Economy Remote
Parking Nest Drop-off (2) Bus Park Door-Door (3)
Access Mode
WAT (4)
Resident Non-Business Mode
RT Water Bus BRT
WAT Nest
Long-term Economy Remote
Parking Nest
Taxi Limo Shuttle
Door-Door Nest
RT, Bus
Drop-off Short Park
Logan Nest Water, PB BRT, LE
Drop-off Nest Bus Park
Access Mode
Parameters Used in Models
• In-vehicle travel time• Out-of-vehicle travel
time• Auto-access travel time• Transfers• Travel costs• Auto ownership
• Household income
• Employer pays expenses?
• Non-resident origin?
• Flight frequency
• Luggage carried
• Household size
Adding Rental Mode
Rental decision includes many additional factors, so:• Freeze coefficients for non-rental modes before
adding rental modes to model• Add other parameters to represent rental modes in
model• Rental fees• Party size• Origin in or near Central Business District• Trip duration
Non-Resident Business Model
Logan Rental Off-airport Rental
WAT (4) DAT (6)
Taxi Limo Shuttle
Door-Door Nest Drop-off (2)
Non-rental Nest
Access Mode
Non-Resident Non-Business Model
a
RT Water BRT Bus
WAT Nest DAT (6)
Logan Rental Off-airport Rental
Rental Nest Drop-off (2)
Taxi Limo Shuttle
Door-Door Nest
Access Mode
Implied Values of Time
• Values of time implied by in-vehicle time and cost coefficients in Resident models:
Resident Business Resident Non-Business
Self-pay, Self-pay, Employer Self-pay, Self-pay,Low-income High-income Paid Low-income High-income
Transit – Walk $17 $44 $52 $18 $32Door-to-Door $46 $117 $140 $40 $70
Parking – Transit $17 $44 $52 $18 $32
Parking – Logan $29 $75 $90 $29 $52
Drop Off – Transit $9 $13 $19 $8 $18
Drop Off – Logan $23 $33 $49 $15 $34
Implied Values of Time
• Values of time implied by Non-Resident model in-vehicle time and cost coefficients:
Non-Resident BusinessSelf-pay, Self-pay, Employer Non-Resident
Low-income High-income Paid Non-BusinessTransit – Walk $15 $19 $26 $10Door-to-Door $36 $49 $66 $37Drop Off – Transit $21 $21 $42 $4Drop Off – Logan $64 $64 $129 $10Rental $24 $32 $43 $21
Parking Constraint• Estimate survey period passenger vehicle arrivals
by day of week• Use trip durations to estimate vehicle parking
demand by day of week
Example: 1 car arriving on Wednesday for 3 days
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Parking Constraint• Compare estimate to survey period parking data
and create parking space demand model. Example: Wednesday Total = (LT + Econ + (.5 * ST))*.95• If demand exceeds supply, distribute excess
demand from parking to other modes Park .5 Park .25 Taxi .3 Taxi .45 Bus .2 Bus .30
Egress Mode ChoiceEgress trip characteristics can differ and other factors involved in mode choice, so applied results of passenger survey questions:• What mode did you take from Logan after your
arrival?• What mode do you plan to take from Logan after
your return?Example: 53% of AM peak long-term parking accesses are Night long-term parking egresses
Model Application
• Originally estimated and applied with 2003 Logan Airport passenger survey
• Validated with 2007 Logan Airport passenger survey
• Applied to individual survey records with appropriate expansion factors
• Future year applications use same survey records with adjusted expansion factors
Summary
The ground access passenger mode choice
model:• Estimates distribution of Logan Airport
passenger travel by 21 modes• Constrains parking demand to available
supply• Includes the rental car modes• Also estimates egress trip modes
Contact Information
Chief Transportation Planner
Central Transportation Planning Staff to the
Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (www.bostonmpo.org)