a new primer for methods in biotechnology: carbohydrate biotechnology protocols edited by c. bucke
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The analysis of complexcarbohydrates and their applicationsin biotechnology have, untilrecently, been hampered by a lack of straightforward yetdefinitive protocols that areamenable to most researchorganizations. Combinations ofenzyme arrays and more-powerfulanalytical and syntheticinstrumentation are rapidlychanging this situation. CarbohydrateBiotechnology Protocols is volume 10in the Methods in Biotechnologyseries and is aimed at the newresearcher to this field who needs a set of basic protocols to analyseand/or synthesize the variousclasses of complex carbohydrates. It largely fulfils this function, andalso provides a valuable resource tomore-experienced practitioners whorequire alternative methodologies.
Throughout this series, closeattention is made to format andstyle: chapter authors must adhereto the defined format of a briefintroduction, a list of materials, anumbered protocol, method notesthat enlarge on individual steps
or rationalize their use, and finallya list of references. The preciseapplication of a defined format andstyle ensures the reader can findinformation quickly, and only themost relevant details are included;this strategy should be used morewidely.
Many of the chapters in thevolume describe the production ofcomplex carbohydrates (e.g. gums,alginates, celluloses and dextrins)either by whole microbes or bythe use of enzymes isolated frommicrobial systems. For microbialtransformations, the fermentationand product-isolation parametersare described, together with thekey analytical techniques requiredto define product yields and purity.
For in vitro enzymic biosynthesisof complex carbohydrates, thereaction conditions and kineticsbecome critical, and these aredescribed in subsequent chapterstogether with the relevantanalytical estimates of purity andyield. Besides more commoncarbohydrates, the syntheses ofmore unusual molecules with
biotechnology and/orpharmaceutical applications aredescribed, for example, fructo-oligosaccharides and isomaltulose(used as artificial sweeteners), sialylepitopes and nucleotide sugars (usedin medical diagnosis), and mannitolor 3-keto-disaccharides (used asexcipients in pharmaceuticals).
Chapters are also included onthe enzyme-based degradation of key carbohydrates, such ashemicelluloses and chitins, andspecific analytical techniques suchas fluorophore-assisted carbohydrateelectrophoresis. Unfortunately,there are few cross references tovolume 76 in the series Methods inMolecular Biology1, which dealscomprehensively with methods ofcarbohydrate analysis that are equallycritical for a successful carbohydrateinvestigation. Nevertheless, thisvolume will prove a usefulresource for researchers of graduatelevel and above, with an interest in investigating carbohydratebiochemistry as applied to thefields of biotechnology andpharmacology.
Reference1 Hounsell, E.F. (1998) Methods in
Molecular Biology: Glycoanalysis Protocols(Vol. 76, 2nd edn), Humana Press
Nigel JenkinsLilly Research Laboratories,
Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. (E-mail: [email protected])
A new primer for methods in biotechnology
Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocolsedited by C. Bucke, 1999, Humana Press.
UK£79.50 pbk (xii 1 337) ISBN 0 89 603563 8