a new modern world.notebook august 10, 2015

A New Modern World.notebook

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August 10, 2015

May 23-12:48 PM

3 Maps from 1450

May 23-12:54 PM

Chinese Map - 1418

May 23-12:54 PM

1700 1543


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cientific Revolution is an era associated primarily with

the 16th and 17th centuries during which new ideas and

chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature

and laid the foundations for modern science."

"The Scientific Revolution let scholars look at the world in a

different light. Religion, superstition, and fear were replaced by

reason and knowledge."

J.D. Bernal

Jun 14-9:34 PM

Effects of the Scientific Revolution

1. Creation of the scientific method

2. Questioning of traditional beliefs and how things worked

3. Use of reason to logically answer questions

4. Advances in all branches of science and learning

5. Scientific books, lectures, universities, increased literacy, increased health, etc

6. The Enlightenment

7. It made

Dec 23-3:00 PM

An example:

Copernicus - Heliocentric Theory


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If Copernicus and Galileo are correct, the entire body of historical thought could be...incorrect.

This new approach did not start with ancient thought or the Bible, it started with observation, math, and experiments.

Scientists argued that truth is never known at the beginning of experiments, but at the end.

Galileo in a Nutshell

May 23-12:54 PM

Science and Exploration

Mongols unite Asia in 1200-1300sBlack death and Fall of Mongols disrupts flow of tradeSpices of India are coveted worldwideMuslim, Arab, and Italian traders control the flow of trade goods between continentsEach time goods change hands, prices go up

How can Europeans get Asian goods cheaper??


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Orienteering Technology

Larger and better ships

More accurate maps

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Portugal Leads ExplorationPrince Henry (1430s - 1450s)

Sees great promise in Africa> conversion to Christianity> control of gold sources> easier trade routes to Asia> search for Prester John

Build small "trade forts" along African coastFinally round the southern tip (1488)Each conquests strengthens trade routesVasco da Gama reaches India (1497)Create a vast trading empire from Europe to Africa to Asia.

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The Columbian Map Columbus wants to sail west to reach India.

Italy and Portugal refuse to sponsor him.

Spain hopes Columbus could bring it wealth, prestige, and a much quicker trade route.

Old Columbus Cartoon

May 23-12:54 PM

Effects of Spanish and Portuguese ExplorationSpain and Portugal dispute New World land

Treaty of Tordesillas

British, Dutch, and French search for NW Passage

Ferdinand Magellan's crew sails around the world

PORT, SP, GB, FR,and NETH all create trade posts along the African coast

May 23-12:54 PM

Global Contact and Its Effects

Columbian Exchange - the exchange of goods, technology, plants, animals, diseases, people, beliefs, etc between the Old World and New World.

Rapid growth of Europe due to maize and potatoes being introduced.

Domesticated horses brought to New World help Native American hunters.

Massive death counts for Native Americans due to Old World diseases.

Spread of cultures and religions between the two worlds.

Spread of slavery into the New World.

Mercantilism and Commercial Revolution


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DiseasesRaw materialsFurs

SmallpoxSlavesGunsSettlers

Columbian Exchange

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Commercial Revolution (1500s - 1700s)

The great increase in commerce and business that began in the late Middle Ages and during the Age of Exploration.

Increase in oversees trade, mercantilism, the widespread use of money economies, and surge in banking, investments, and insurance.

Europeans want to use their colonies to make money for their growing empires.

The Commercial Revolution

May 23-12:54 PM

MercantilismForbidding colonies to trade with other countries.

European monarchs collect colonies to benefit the parent country.

Colonies provide resources and raw materials.

Colonies can't start industries, build factories, or buy products from other countries.


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The Rise of Three New Powers

By the 1600's:GB, FR, SP, PORT, and NETH are world powers

GB is beginning to become the dominant power of Europe

The Scientific Revolution, Commercial Revolution, and Reformation continue in Europe

The Holy Roman Empire is falling apart

A small disagreement in the HRE will lead to a continental war... and three new powers

May 23-12:54 PM

The Holy Roman Empire consisted of over 300 nations.

These many nations were feuding over political and religious differences.

Rebellious Protestant nobles start the war by throwing a Catholic official outside of a window.

The Holy Roman Emperor tries to crack down on Protestant nations

Protestant nations unite to fight against the HRE.

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Religious alliances shift, religions clash, and chaos ensues.

Roving mercenaries destroy crops and villages and kill innocent people.

Famine and disease ravage Europe.

The war leads to severe depopulation.

Up to 33% of Germans (people of HRE) are estimated to have died.

The nations of Europe are war torn and exhausted.

Thirty Years War


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Peace of Westphalia Settles a variety of European disputes.

France emerges as a clear winner... which means more land.

German lands are divided into 360 new nations.

Holy Roman Empire is dissolved.

AUST and PRUS emerge as dominant German nations.

German lands can NEVER UNITE.

May 23-12:54 PM

Russia

Catherine the Great

Peter the Great

Europe is going through colonization, the Reformation, the Age of Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, the Commercial Revolution, the Protestant Reformation and the Thirty Years War.

Russia remains isolated and a medieval nation.

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great bring in art, science, and technology to Russia.

They expand the Russian territory

They rule with complete power and pure terror.

May 23-12:54 PM

1750

By 1750, 5 European

na�ons emerged (AUST,

PRUS, GB, FR, RUS)

SP, PORT and OTT were

in decline

These powers would

shi& alliances to maintain a

balance of power

Various wars between

these powers were fought

over foreign colonies (like 7

Years War)

This is the height of

absolu�sm.A monarchical form of government where the ruler holds unrestricted power.


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The Enlightenment

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Absolute Ruler

Divine Right

Church

Obedience brings salvation

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Question authority and the "status quo"keeping things the

way they are


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These were new ideas about government

and basic human rights.

They emphasized the power of reason.

They opposed absolu�sm and divine right toward democracy and

individual rights.

Dec 23-10:29 AM

Hobbes Voltaire

Locke Wollstonecraft

Montesquieu Smith

Rousseau

May 23-12:54 PM

The government and the clergy

believed they must defend the

old order.

They waged a war of censorship, limi�ng freedom of speech and press

They banned and burned books

and imprisoned writers.


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Some monarchs accepted Enlightenment ideas.

Enlightened despots used their powers to bring about social and poli�cal change.

o Frederick the Great - Prussia

o Catherine the Great – Russia

o Joseph II - Austria

May 25-3:38 PM

The American Revolution

May 23-12:54 PM

The Global Power - Great Britain

By the 1700s, GB has trading posts in the Americas, India, and the Pacific Islands

By the 1700s thousands of settlers are moving to the Americas

British merchants are carrying slaves to colonies


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George III - Reigns for 60 years over empire

Hoped to strengthen his monarchy and create an enduring legacy

May 23-12:54 PM

13 Colonies

Many of the colonies are becoming quite prosperous.

What could they do without mercantilism?

As British citizens, the colonists believe they should have the rights of those living in GB.

Colonial assemblies have major control, but not absolute control

Dec 23-10:29 AM

Colonial sense of nationalism

Absolutism

Mercantilism

French and Indian War (7 Years)

love for country

forbidding colonies to

trade with other countries

A monarchical form of government where the ruler holds unrestricted power.

GB demands that colonies pay for war

The Beginning of the American Revolution


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Jun 7-7:17 PM

Jun 16-6:59 PM

The Real Story.mp4


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Colonial Victory

Washington and the colonial army surrender at Yorktown

Treaty of Paris recognizes independence for the USA and forms its border at the Mississippi River

Is this really an "American" victory now?

May 25-5:47 PM

The United States of America

Articles of Confederation was too inflexible and ineffective

1787 - US Constitution passessocial contractseparation of powersfederal republicBill of Rights

**Demands for wri�en

cons�tu�ons and limits to

absolu�sm were to bring great

calls of change throughout

Europe.**

a new modern world.notebook august 10, 2015

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