a new framework for the citation indexing paradigm asis&t 2006 a.m. 3-8 november 2006 (1 of 21)...

A New Framework for the Citation Indexing Paradigm ASIS&T 2006 A.M. 3-8 November 2006 (1 of 21)

Universidad de Malaga, Depto. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computacion 22/03/2006

A New Framework for the Citation Indexing Paradigm

D.A. Dervos(1), N. Samaras(2), G. Evangelidis(2), T. Folias(2)

(1) Information Technology Dept., Alexander Technology Educational Institute (ATEI), P.O. BOX 141, 57400 Sindos, Greece [email protected]

(2) Dept. of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, P.O. BOX 1591, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece

{samaras, gevan, folias}@uom.gr

ASIS&T 2006 Annual Meeting, November 3-8, Austin, TX, U.S.A.


Citation Indexing (C.I.)Citation Indexing (C.I.)

C.I. improves scientific communication by:

• revealing relationships between articles,• drawing attention to important corrections or retractions of published work,• identifying significant improvements of criticisms of earlier work, and• helping limit the wasteful duplication of prior research

S. Lawrence, C.L. Giles, K. Bollacker, Digital Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing, IEEE Computer Magazine, 32 (6) (1999), pp. 67-71


DrawbacksDrawbacks

1. Undue weight to highly cited review articles vs. original research contributions (1)

2. Articles ranked on the basis of their popularity, only. In the near future: a shift from an evaluation based on popularity, i.e. citation frequency, to an evaluation that will also incorporate the prestige of those who cite the article in question (2)

3. Unfair to author(s) of the cited item whose name(s) do(es) not appear in the authors list of the citing item, yet the scheme is taken to comprise a self-citation … etc.

1. J.S. Hirsch, An Index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), pp 16569-16572, 2005

2. J. Bollen, M.A. Rodriguez, H. Van de Sompel, Journal Status, retrieved on 19 June, 2006 from: http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/060130


TodayToday

• Internet based scholarly communication environment• Open access movement• Globalization in academia and research

… re-define the accessibility factor for published works, and call for an improved scheme that assesses the contribution research publications, authors, and scientific collections make in promoting science and technology

• Advanced tools and methodologies

… make possible the extraction of useful information from large citation databases


Our ContributionOur Contribution

• Citations considered to target (article, author) pairs• Cascading citations (up to a pre-specified depth)• A new concept: the chord

… we have chosen to extend the citation indexing paradigm, prior to conducting analysis on the citations data


Hypothetical Collection: Citation GraphHypothetical Collection: Citation Graph

Captures the citation indexinginter-relationships for a given collection of research publica-tions (e.g. journal and/or confe-rence proceedings articles), at a given instance in time.


1-gen (direct) citation example1-gen (direct) citation example

… one source: 2 two targets: (1,A) and (1,B) two 1-gen citations


2-gen citation example2-gen citation example

… one source: 5 one target: (2,A) one 2-gen citation


Self-CitationSelf-Citation

A k-gen (k=1,2,…) citation path having article S as itssource and (T,A) as its target comprises a k-gen self-citation instance when the author in the target item (A) is present in the authors list of the source article (S)


Self-citation exampleSelf-citation example

… one source: 5 two targets : (1,A) and (1,B) one 3-gen citation on (1,A) one 3-gen self-citation on (1,B)


ChordChord

A k-gen (k=2,3,…) (self-)chord comprises a case wherea k-gen (self-) citation co-exists with a 1-gen (self-)citation involving the same source (S) and the sametarget (T,A).

Justification: a target item to watch: the source cites it not only indirectly, but also directly.

In essence, it involves a co-citation instance at the source-, and a bibliographic coupling instance at thetarget- ends.

As a concept, it may be further generalized.


Medal Standings Type OutputMedal Standings Type Output

Intentionally left un-modulated/un-weighted to:

1. Just deliver the information present in the graph2. Facilitate subsequent analysis (data mining)

…the Cascading Citations Indexing Framework:

c2IF


For cFor c22IF_Sys to Work…IF_Sys to Work…

…Universal Author Identifier (UAI)

• A web-based service• Authors acquire unique IDs that remain invariant for life • Alleviates discrepancies originating from misspel- led names, homonyms, name aliases, or name varia- tions (e.g. Eugene Garfield, E. Garfield, Eugène Garfield, etc.)• Decentralized administration: involves libraries, and publishers. Not tied to any one single source of interest (publisher, citation database vendor, etc.)


C-CAP (http://www.ccapnet.org)C-CAP (http://www.ccapnet.org)

Sponsors: Research Committee, Technology Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Research Committee, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki Thomson Scientific


cc22IF_Sys/UAI_Sys ArchitectureIF_Sys/UAI_Sys Architecture


UAI_Sys/cUAI_Sys/c22IF_Sys User: Four Phases IF_Sys User: Four Phases

PHASE 1(UAI_Sys)Registration

PHASE 2(c2IF_Sys)

Aggregate Citations Results: non-reliable

PHASE 3(UAI_Sys)

Authorization

PHASE 4(c2IF_Sys)

Aggregate + Per articleResults: reliable


UAI_Sys: User RegistrationUAI_Sys: User Registration


cc22IF_Sys: Unauthorized UserIF_Sys: Unauthorized User


UAI_Sys: User AuthorizationUAI_Sys: User Authorization


cc22IF_Sys: Authorized UserIF_Sys: Authorized User


• c2IF: A new framework for the calculation of improved research value ratings for publications, at the (article, author) level• 1-gen, 2-gen, …, k-gen citations considered, the result presented in the form of a ‘medals standings’ table • The chord concept. Interesting observation: involves co-citations at the (common) source end, and bibliographic coupling at the (common) target end.

Conclusion and Further ResearchConclusion and Further Research

• c2IF_Sys performance optimization• k-gen weights will make possible the calculation of one single citations rank value for each one (author, article) pair, then…• …this will ease the calculation of a new, improved impact factor value at the host publication/event level (journal, conference/workshop proceedings)• How about generalizing the chord concept to cover zero or one k-gen (k > 0) citations, all involving the same source-, and target- items?• Analysis (DM) on the medal standings table content

The EndThe End

Thank You for Your Attention!

Thank You for Your Attention!

a new framework for the citation indexing paradigm asis&t 2006 a.m. 3-8 november 2006 (1 of 21)...

Documents

autonomous citation

citation graph

citation frequency

new framework

large citation databases

new concept

dl060130 slide

citations data slide