A New City CultureA New City Culture

Copy words in Copy words in YELLOWYELLOW

Problems in the CitiesProblems in the Cities

• Political MachinePolitical Machine: Illegal gang that influences : Illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a government.enough votes to control a government.

• Traded favors for votes – gave jobs, cash, Traded favors for votes – gave jobs, cash, food to supportersfood to supporters

• Tammany Hall Tammany Hall – most famous political – most famous political machine – stole lots of money from NYC (led machine – stole lots of money from NYC (led by William Marcy Tweed)by William Marcy Tweed)

• Some did good: built Some did good: built parksparks, sewers, , sewers, schoolsschools, , roadsroads, and orphanages, and orphanages

• Helped Helped immigrants immigrants find jobs/homesfind jobs/homes

Responses to SlumsResponses to Slums

Urban ReformersUrban Reformers

• Fought against Fought against poverty poverty & & slumsslums

• Settlement HousesSettlement Houses: : help immigrants & help immigrants & poor improve livespoor improve lives

• Offered daycare, Offered daycare, education, and health education, and health care to needy people care to needy people in slumsin slums

Hull HouseHull House

• Founded by Founded by Jane Jane AddamsAddams, urban , urban reformer & suffrage reformer & suffrage leaderleader

• Chicago, founded Chicago, founded 18891889

• Became a Became a model model for for other settlement other settlement houses.houses.

The Popular PressThe Popular Press

• EXTRA! EXTRA! READ ALL ABOUT EXTRA! EXTRA! READ ALL ABOUT IT!!!!IT!!!!

• By 1880s newspapers became By 1880s newspapers became entertainmententertainment

• Printed & sold by the thousandsPrinted & sold by the thousands• CirculationCirculation: number of readers: number of readers• Higher circulation = more Higher circulation = more

advertisementsadvertisements = more = more moneymoney for for paperspapers

Newspaper BoysNewspaper Boys

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

• Hungarian Hungarian immigrant, fought immigrant, fought in Civil Warin Civil War

• Created a Created a newspaper for the newspaper for the poorpoor of NYC of NYC

• Used Used simplesimple languagelanguage & human- & human-interest stories interest stories ((women’s sectionwomen’s section, , sportssports, , comicscomics))

Department StoresDepartment Stores

• Advertised in newspapers – Advertised in newspapers – very importantvery important

• Helped develop the Helped develop the downtowndowntown• Became a place for everyone, Became a place for everyone,

not just business people and not just business people and rich peoplerich people

Sports Become PopularSports Become Popular

• Late 1800s, amateur (unpaid) & Late 1800s, amateur (unpaid) & professional sports became popular professional sports became popular – especially – especially baseballbaseball

• First pro-baseball team = First pro-baseball team = Cincinnati Red Stockings (1869)Cincinnati Red Stockings (1869)

• 1876 – National League of 1876 – National League of Professional Baseball ClubsProfessional Baseball Clubs

• Most Most large citieslarge cities had a team had a team

Sports cont.Sports cont.

• Baseball replaced horseracing as Baseball replaced horseracing as America’s America’s most popular sportmost popular sport

• ImmigrantsImmigrants were baseball’s biggest were baseball’s biggest fansfans

“More often than not,…a trip to the ball park tied people, city life, and baseball together.”

More Sports…More Sports…

• Mid 1800s – Mid 1800s – bowlingbowling became became popular sport in NYCpopular sport in NYC

• 9-pin & 10-pin bowling became 9-pin & 10-pin bowling became illegal due to illegal due to gamblinggambling problems problems

• GermanGerman immigrants helped to immigrants helped to popularize the sport in Midwestpopularize the sport in Midwest

• American Bowling Congress (ABC) American Bowling Congress (ABC) helped make bowling helped make bowling popularpopular & & respectablerespectable in early 1900s in early 1900s

Even more sports…Even more sports…

• 1870s – Americans turned English 1870s – Americans turned English game of rugby into game of rugby into footballfootball

• 1891 – 1891 – basketballbasketball invented in invented in Massachusetts to play indoors Massachusetts to play indoors during winterduring winter

• Some women also played games Some women also played games like like tennistennis and and running racesrunning races

Impact of BicyclesImpact of Bicycles

• 1880s started a 1880s started a craze for men & craze for men & womenwomen

• Bikes were Bikes were cheapercheaper than feeding & than feeding & keeping keeping horseshorses

• Fun & easy way to Fun & easy way to get aroundget around

Vaudeville TheaterVaudeville Theater

• VaudevilleVaudeville – a variety show that – a variety show that included songs, skits, dances, included songs, skits, dances, comic routines, juggling, and comic routines, juggling, and gymnasticsgymnastics

• Used both Used both songsong and and comedycomedy to to explore human problemsexplore human problems

• Anyone could attend the Vaudeville Anyone could attend the Vaudeville – rich/poor, any religion, any – rich/poor, any religion, any ethnicityethnicity

Early MoviesEarly Movies

• First movies – shown during First movies – shown during vaudevilles with a projector (a few vaudevilles with a projector (a few moments of “moving pictures”)moments of “moving pictures”)

• NickelodeonsNickelodeons – 1900s people – 1900s people started paying 5 cents to see these started paying 5 cents to see these short, silent filmsshort, silent films

• Soon movies were Soon movies were several reelsseveral reels of of film & more film & more complexcomplex stories stories

Early Movie Stars…Early Movie Stars…