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A nations plans for dealing with other countries.

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Are we the worlds policeman? Is any nation that goes along with us an ally, or only those that are reasonably free and democratic?

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Specific questions about terrorism How can we wage war against terrorists in remote areas of the world? What do we do about countries that harbor terrorists? How can the military be redesigned to make it effective against terrorists?

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The Framers believed it was best to give most foreign policy powers to the single executive rather than Congress. The President has the power to command the military, meet with foreign leaders and make treaties.

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Congress has the power to declare war and approve treaties.

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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton The Department of State carries out the presidents foreign policy. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Pakistan's Minister of Foreign Affairs.

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Carries out the presidents foreign policy. GOALS OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT Protect national security. Provide international leadership in fostering world peace. Insure balance of power between strong and weak nations. Cooperate with other nations to help solve international problems. Promote human rights and democratic values. Foster cooperative trade among nations.

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Washingtons Vision: Dont get mixed up in the business of other nations. Washingtons Farewell Address, 1796 cultivate peace and harmony Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated.

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James Monroe: The Monroe Doctrine 1820s European nations should not interfere with nations of Central and South America or the U.S. would take action.

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Early to mid 1800s: Manifest Destiny Steady expansion of U.S. territory westward.

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Teddy Roosevelt: Roosevelt Corollary The U.S. should act as a policeman in Central and South America, and take action in order to maintain stability. The army and the navy are the sword and the shield which this nation must carry if she is to do her duty among the nations of the earth. Inaugural Address of President Teddy Roosevelt

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Woodrow Wilson: The Fourteen Points and League of Nations 1918 Wilson sought a way for nations to settle their differences peacefully by creating an organization of nations. The Senate did not agree and blocked the U.S. from entering.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt: World War II (Late 1930s 1945) Before Pearl Harbor supply the allies with weapons, but stay out of the war. After Pearl Harbor lead the war against dictators in Europe and Asia.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt: World War II World War II convinced the American people that no nation can live in isolation from other nations.

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Harry Truman Ronald Reagan (1945-1990) Cold War Fight against the spread of communism everywhere in the world. (Encourage countries to take our side, punish countries which take the side of the Soviet Union)

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The U.S. doesnt need to wait to be attacked by a hostile nation. We can take military action against direct, serious threats AND less immediate threats. George W. Bush: Preemptive War Doctrine

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The Preemptive War Doctrine was used to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq by U.S. forces. George W. Bush: Preemptive War Doctrine

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American foreign policy of the 21 st Century is based on these fundamental beliefs: Americas freedom is best protected by ensuring that people in other countries are free. Americas prosperity depends on the prosperity of other countries. Americas security relies on a global effort to secure the rights of all the people of the world.

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Worldview: A vision of how the United States should respond to world problems. ISOLATIONISM The opinion that the United States should isolate itself from world affairs. This worldview after thousands of Americans died in World War I, a war that accomplished little and did not make the world safe for democracy. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the U.S. tried to stay out of European conflicts.

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ISOLATIONISM The attack on Pearl Harbor ended our policy of isolationism forever.

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CONTAINMENT The U.S. should resist the expansion of aggressive nations (esp. the Soviet Union). After World War II (1940s 1960s), the U.S. and Britain worked to build a network of defensive alliances with European and Asian nations to contain our enemies.

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DISENGAGEMENT Dont get involved. Dont get involved. The belief that the U.S. was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid similar events. The belief that the U.S. was harmed by its war in Vietnam and so should avoid similar events. Will this be another Vietnam? Critics of Vietnam concluded that containment was the wrong worldview. For many years, military action has been debated with this question: Will this be another Vietnam?

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CONTAINMENT VS. DISENGAGEMENT Political leaders with these two worldviews competed for influence from the 1970s through the 1990s. Carter disengagement Reagan containment George H.W. Bush containment Clinton disengagement until the Balkan war, then a new worldview emerged.....

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HUMAN RIGHTS The U.S. should try to improve the lives of people in other countries. The U.S. should try to improve the lives of people in other countries. In the Balkans (Bosnia & Kosovo) it appeared that Serbian attacks resembled genocide. U.S. policy shifted to a never again mindset to prevent another Holocaust.

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WHATS NEXT? Many feel that a new worldview must emerge in order for us to defeat the current threats facing the U.S. will not work religious extremism unconnected to national governments Isolationist, containment, disengagement and human rights strategies will not work to defeat terrorism that is motivated by religious extremism and unconnected to national governments.

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The Axis of Evil HOT SPOTS IRAN IRAQ NORTH KOREA

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In 1953, the CIA organized a coup to overthrow Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq, the elected president of Iran. This created a permanent dislike for the U.S. by many factions of the Iranian people. HOT SPOTS IRAN

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The U.S. helped Shah Reza Pahlavi, the monarch of Iran, regain control of the nation. The Shah was considered a brutal dictator by many Iranians. HOT SPOTS IRAN

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In 1979, the Ayatollah Khomeini inspired the Iranian Revolution. The Shah was overthrown. Iranian college students attacked the U.S. embassy and held 53 Americans hostage for 444 days. HOT SPOTS IRAN

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IRAN Relations with Iran have been very bad ever since the Revolution. The U.S. currently has no diplomatic relationship with Iran.

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HOT SPOTS IRAN While it is not certain, some believe that the current President of Iran, Mahmoud Amadinejad, was one of the hostage-takers. We dont like him...he hates us.

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HOT SPOTS IRAN: Foreign policy Iran is a threat to the security of the Middle East. Iran is actively seeking to develop nuclear weapons. Trade sanctions in place. The U.S. has no diplomatic relations with Iran.

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After World War II, the Korean peninsula was partitioned, with the USSR in control of the north and the U.S. in charge of the south. The nation of North Korea was established in 1948 with Kim Il Sung as President for Life. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA

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The North invaded the South in 1950, sparking the three-year Korean War. The war saw the U.S. and Britain lead U.N. forces against North Korea backed by the Chinese army. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA

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Kim Il Sung died in 1994 and his son, Kim Jong Il, assumed leadership as the dictator of North Korea. Kim Jung Il was an unpredictable, eccentric leader. The U.S. government considered him to be very dangerous. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA

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Kim Jung Il chose his youngest son, Kim Jong-un, to be the next leader of this hereditary dictatorship. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA

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The people of North Korea are taught to hate the United States. HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA

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HOT SPOTS NORTH KOREA: Foreign policy North Korea has developed and tested nuclear weapons and is a real threat to other nations. North Korea is under U.N. sanctions as punishment for weapons testing. The U.S. has no trade relations with North Korea. U.S. continues to pressure North Korea for six-party talks.

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A very unstable country, mostly Muslim. Birthplace of the Taliban. The government is on our side, but many of the people hate the U.S. The governments hold on power is shaky. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN

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The U.S. military raid to kill Osama bin Laden (May 2011) angered and embarrassed the Pakistani government. They have been less cooperative with us since. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN

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Violence is common in Pakistan. Big question: Does the army keep Pakistans nuclear weapons secure? HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN

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The government has little authority in the tribal areas of Pakistan. Enemy fighters move easily across the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN

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U.S. relations with Pakistan are more complex than with any other nation. We support the government of Pakistan. It is our ally in the War on Terror. We support the government of Pakistan. It is our ally in the War on Terror. U.S. aid following Pakistani flooding was immediate and massive. U.S. military is not allowed to place soldiers and weapons in Pakistani territory. Pakistan has nuclear weapons and has tense relations with its neighbor and our true friend, India. HOT SPOTS PAKISTAN: foreign policy

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The Taliban government allowed bin Laden to operate terrorist training camps in Afghanistan. It was in these camps that men prepared for the September 11 attacks. In October 2001, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan, eliminated the Taliban government, and chased al Qaeda and Taliban soldiers into the eastern mountains. HOT SPOTS AFGHANISTA N

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The current government is headed by President Hamid Karzai, who has been widely criticized for corruption. HOT SPOTS AFGHANISTA N

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The U.S. is at war with Taliban fighters in Afghanistan. The U.S. is at war with Taliban fighters in Afghanistan. In 2009 President Obama sent 50,000 additional troops. The troop surge has restored peace to some areas. We continue to support President Karzai but have little trust in him. The Presidents current plan calls for a withdrawal of all U.S. troops by the end of 2014. The Presidents current plan calls for a withdrawal of all U.S. troops by the end of 2014. HOT SPOTS AFGHANISTA N: foreign policy

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The State Department has issued travel warnings for the following nations, indicating that travel to those countries by Americans is considered dangerous. HOT SPOTS Afghanistan *** Nigeria Guinea Lebanon Cote d'Ivoire Philippines Congo, Democratic Republic of Mali Eritrea Central African Republic Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Kenya Afghanistan *** Burundi Nigeria Haiti Iran *** Yemen **************** Iraq *** Pakistan *** Sri Lanka Yemen **************** Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan Iraq *** Pakistan *** Chad Nepal Georgia Sudan Algeria Syria Somalia ***

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Economic and military aid given by the United States to other countries. TWO TYPES OF FOREIGN AID Economic: Aid to help develop infrastructure, education, medical facilities, agricultural programs, etc. Military: Money for weapons, military training, etc. The U.S. offers foreign aid: To support nations of strategic importance. For humanitarian reasons.

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Take the following quiz on loose-leaf paper. Do not look back at the slide show during the quiz.

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1. A nation's overall plans for dealing with other nations is called: a) war policy. b) foreign policy. c) ambassadorial policy.

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2. Which of the following constitutional powers helps the president conduct foreign policy? a)Power to appoint federal judges. b) Power to make treaties. c) Power to pardon criminals.

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3. An official representative of a nation's government is called: a)a secretary. b) a president. c) an ambassador.

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4. The ability to keep a nation safe from attack or harm is called: a)foreign security. b) terrorism safety. c) national security.

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5. Why does the president try to improve our economic relationship with other countries? a)The United States does not have enough resources to meet the needs of the people. b) The United States needs to export more products than it imports. c) Trade with other nations can help the American economy.

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6. Why do presidents work hard to promote peace and democracy in other nations? a) The United States is less likely to be drawn into a war when the world is at peace. b) Most presidents want to help other countries as much as they help the United States. c) We want other countries to pay us back.

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7. All of the following departments and agencies help the president conduct his foreign policy EXCEPT: a)the Department of Defense. b) the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). c) the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. d) The Department of State.

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8. President Bush increased the power of the president in conducting foreign policy by: a)changing the Constitution to make the president more powerful. b) forcing Congress to support the War in Iraq. c) starting the war on global terrorism.

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9. Who is the current U.S. Secretary of State? a. Joe Biden b. Hillary Clinton c. Condolezza Rice

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10. Which of the following is NOT currently a major foreign policy issue? a.Discouraging European nations from meddling in the affairs of Central and South American nations. b. Preventing Iran and North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. c. Maintaining the support of other nations in the effort to protect the U.S. from terrorists.

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11. The first defined foreign policy of the United States, which stated that European nations should not meddle in the affairs of the Americas, was called: a. the Washington Corollary. b. the Monroe Doctrine. c. the Pre-emptive War Doctrine.

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12. The foreign policy of containment meant that the U.S. attempted to contain: a.European nations on their side of the Atlantic. b. the spread of communism worldwide. c. the spread of Muslim extremism.

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13. The foreign policy of containment is associated with which of the following wars and president? a.Civil War; Lincoln b. Spanish-American War; Theodore Roosevelt c. Cold War; Truman

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14. The Pre-emptive War Doctrine developed during the presidency of George W. Bush states that: a.the U.S. will only go to war to protect itself or its allies. b. the U.S. will only attack a nation if we are attacked first. c. the U.S. will not wait to be attacked, but will strike first against nations or groups who represent a danger to its security.

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15. Which of the following foreign nations presents a major diplomatic challenge for the U.S.? a. Pakistan b. Mexico c. Japan

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THE END