a mushroom goes into a bar. the bartender looks at him and says, “get out of here, we don’t...
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![Page 1: A mushroom goes into a bar. The bartender looks at him and says, “get out of here, we don’t serve your kind.” The mushroom says to the bartender, “Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081504/56649cc65503460f9498fc5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A mushroom goes into a bar. The bartender
looks at him and says, “get out of here, we
don’t serve your kind.” The
mushroom says to the bartender,
“Why not, I’m a FUN GUY!”
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• We will study four phyla of fungi classified by their structure and method of reproduction
• Zygomycota• Ascomycota• Basidiomycota• Deuteromycota
(not pictured)Slime molds
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Characteristics of all fungi
• Heterotrophs• Eukaryotic• Multicellular (except yeast)• Cell wall made of chitin• External digestion of food• Main body is haploid
Fungi can be• Decomposers (saprobes)• Parasites• Carnivores• Mutualistic (beneficial)
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Did you know that each year the Mycological Society of San Francisco hosts one or two mushroom shows (traditionally called 'fungus fairs'). At the show you can see hundreds of species of fungi on display along with exhibits on ecology, mycophagy, toxicology, and cultivation. There is a fungus fair!http://www.mssf.org/FungusFair/index.html
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What is there to like about
Fungi?
A LOT!
DecomposersSymbiosis
Food
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Edible fungi
Giant puff ball Wild mushroomsTo prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers need to be very familiar with the mushrooms they intend to collect, including knowledge of the toxic species that look similar to these edible species. Mushroom poisoning (toxins) initially cause severe abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea, and then lead to liver and kidney failure. Therapy is aimed at decreasing the amount of toxin in the body.
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Structure of fungi• Filaments = hyphae• All hyphae together =
mycellium• Reproductive
structure = fruiting body
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Reproduction in fungi
• Asexual = hyphae breaking off or production of spores
• Sexual = + and – mating types meet. Each forms a gametangium. The haploid nuclei fuse and form a diploid zygote. Meiosis then forms haploid nuclei.
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+ and – mating types come together
Nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote
Haploid nuclei formed in gametangia
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Phylum Zygomycota
• Common molds• Includes black bread
mold
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Zygospores = sporesformed in sexualreproduction
Stolon = stem like hyphae
Sporangiumproducesspores
Sporangiophore holds upsporangium
ASEXUAL
SEXUAL
Rhizoid = root like hyphae
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Phylum Ascomycota
• Sac fungi• Multicellular (morels,
truffles)• Unicellular (yeast)
World’s largest truffle
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Sexual reproduction – formation of ascospores in ascus (cup shaped fruiting body)
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Asexual reproduction
• Yeast budding
• Formation of conidia (asexual spores) on conidiophores
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Phylum Basidiomycota = Club fungi
Mushroom Shelf fungus Puff ball
Jelly fungus Plant parasite known as rust
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Sexual reproduction
Fruiting body (n + n)
+ and – hyphae fuse
Basidia (n + n)
Zygote (2n)
Fertilization
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Phylum deuteromycota = imperfect fungi (no sexual reproduction observed)
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Antibiotic penicillin
Penicillium reproduces with conidia so may have evolved from ascomycetes
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Ecology of fungi• Decomposers – recycle nutrients• Parasites
Human diseases Athletes foot and ringworm (deuteromycete) Thrush and vaginal yeast infections (Candida)
Plant diseases Corn smut Mildew Wheat rust
Animal diseases
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Mutualistic relationshipsLichens = algae + fungiFungus provides “home”Alga provides food
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Mutualistic relationship
• Mycorrhizae = relationship with plant roots
• Fungal hyphae increase surface area of root
• Plant gets more water and minerals
• Fungus gets food from plant (from photosynthesis)