a multi-scale approach to evaluate the impact of urban
TRANSCRIPT
A multi-scale approach to evaluate the impact of urban mobility policies in emission and air quality in Barcelona
01/12/21 POLIS 21
Daniel Rodriguez Rey1, Marc Guevara1, Mari Paz Linares2, Josep Casanovas1,2, Jaime Benavides1, Jan Mateu1, Oriol Jorba1, Albert Soret1, Carlos Pérez García-Pando1,3.
(1) Barcelona Supercomputing Centre – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) Earth Sciences division
(2) inLab FIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Facultat d’Informàtica de Barcelona
(3) ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
Motivation
• Urban air pollution as a major health issue
• Vehicle emissions as largest contributor to theregistered urban NO2 levels
• Traffic management strategies as the main foccus in Air Quality Plans
• Barcelona does not comply withthe EU AQD for NO2→
Application of Air Quality Plans
1
NO2 registered values in Barcelona
• Superblocks
Traffic Management Strategies applied in Barcelona
Aj. de Barcelona – “Pla d’Acció de l’àmbit de Superilles de St. Antoni.” December2017
• Tactical Urban Planning
NEW IMAGEWhat’s the impact of these measures on the emissions and the air quality levels?
• Low Emission Zone
2
Multi-Scale AQ modelling tool
VML: Traffic simulation
VML-HERMESv3
WRF – Meteorological model
CMAQ - Chemistry model
Hourly Origin-Destination matrix
COPERT V emission factors
Vehicle fleet compositionHourly Static Traffic
Assignment simulation
R-Line model
Urban geometry
HERMESv3 – Emission model
HERMESv3: Traffic emissions
CALIOPE
Hourly traffic volume and speed
per link
CALIOPE-UrbanTraffic emissions
Meteorological and chemical boundary conditions
Per road link
Per grid cell
Rodriguez-Rey et al. (2021) Benavides et al. (2019)
Pay et al. (2014)
Montero et al. (2018) Guevara et. Al (2020)
3
Eixample Station
Gràcia Station
1. Base Case- Pollution episodein November 2017
2. Tactical Urban Planning and Superblocks- 8 Superblocks- 32 km removed
TUP
Superblock
3. Low EmissionZone- Diesel vehicles < Euro 4 - Gasoline vehicles< Euro 3
4. Traffic demanddecrease of -25%
Scenarios performed
LEZ
4
Emission results (NOx)
Scenario 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (5)
TUP + SPBScenario 3
TUP + SPB + LEZ
Scenario 4
TUP + SPB + LEZ + Demand reduction
5
Superblocksrebound effect
Concentration results [NO2]
Scenario 2
CALIOPE-Urban CALIOPEStation Daily mean average Daily mean average
Scenario 2 (Diff. %)Gràcia -19% 0%Eixample -4% 0%Scenario 3 (Diff. %)Gràcia -29% -10%Eixample -15% -11%Scenario 4 (Diff. %)Gràcia -38% -18%Eixample -27% -18%
CALIOPE (1km x 1km) CALIOPE – Urban (20m x 20m)
TUP + SPBTUP + SPB + LEZ
Scenario 3
TUP + SPB + LEZ + Demand reduction
Scenario 4
6
Conclusions
• LEZ (-13%) and the demand reduction (-30%) are the measures with highest overall impact on emissions.
• Measures aiming at reducing vehicle space (SPB, TUP) show negligible effects on overall emissions (+0.1% NOx) but they imply important street gradient variations (+/-17% NOx).
• Expected daily mean NO2 reductions of -38% and -27% at the two traffic stations in the city under the most restrictive scenario (scenario 4).
• The mesoscale system miss the street-gradient variations and halves simulated NO2 peak reductions
7
Impact on media
El País, 23 Nov 2021
TV3, 23 Nov 2021
El Periódico, 23 Nov 2021
Europapress, 23 Nov 20218
01/12/2021
Daniel Rodríguez ReyBarcelona Supercomputing CenterEarth Sciences department
Thank you for your attention
Acknowledgements:Daniel Rodriguez-Rey work is funded with the grant BES-2016-078116 from the FPI program by the Spanish Ministry ofEconomy and Competitiveness. The authors acknowledgeCARNET-The Future Mobility Research HUB to allow the usageand work on the BCN-VML network, as well as PTV VISUM forthe traffic software license.The authors acknowledge the support from the Agencia Estatalde Investigación (AEI) as part of the VITALISE project (PID2019-108086RA-I00 / AEI /10.13039/501100011033)
FAC2: 0,77; MB: -12; RMSE: 33; r: 0,55FAC2: 0,76; MB: -16; RMSE: 36; r: 0,58
Evaluation of the system
Multi-Scale results: Base Case
a)
1km x 1km NOx
Emissions forCALIOPE
1km x 1km NO2
concentrationfrom CALIOPE
Street-level NOx
Emissions forCALIOPE-Urban
20m x 20m NO2
concentration fromCALIOPE-Urban
6/10
Model description and validation
• HERMESv3: Traffic Emissions• Estimation of link-level vehicle emissions
• Emission factors speed and meteorological dependent
• Exhaust (hot and cold-start) and non-exhaust emissions (wear, evaporative, resuspension)
• 491 vehicle categories considered
• Validated against RSD study.
Spee
d[K
m/h
]
• VML: Traffic simulation• Model Based on PTV-VISUM
• Traffic Flow calibration with 138 local loopdetectors
• RMSE: 35%; R2: 0,77; mean relative error: 27%
• Vehicle speed calibration with historicalTomTom GPS hourly speeds.
• 24-Hourly Static Traffic Assignment
Montero et al. (2018)Guevara et. Al (2020)