A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

Invited Talk

Grid on the Go Workshop

NCSA

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Urbana, IL

May 21, 2001

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime

• Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses

• Vast Increase in Internet End Points– Embedded Processors

– Sensors and Actuators

– Information Appliances

• Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber

• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer– Storage of Data Everywhere

– Scalable Computing Power

The Emerging Planetary Scale Grid

The Next Wave of the Internet Will Extend IP Throughout the Physical World

UCIAdvanced displaysSensor networksOrganic/polymer

electronics;Biochips

Magnetic, optical data storage

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

High-speed optical switchesNanophotonic components

Spintronics/quantum encryption

Ultralow powerelectronics

Nonvolatile data storage

Smart chemical, biological, motion, positionsensors

telemedicine

environmental,climate, transportationmonitoring systems

optical network infrastructure

wireless network infrastructure

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

BiochipsBiosensorsHigh-densitydata storage

UCIAdvanced displaysSensor networksOrganic/polymer

electronics;Biochips

Magnetic, optical data storage

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

High-speed optical switchesNanophotonic components

Spintronics/quantum encryption

Ultralow powerelectronics

Nonvolatile data storage

Smart chemical, biological, motion, positionsensors

telemedicine

environmental,climate, transportationmonitoring systems

optical network infrastructure

wireless network infrastructure

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

BiochipsBiosensorsHigh-densitydata storage

Materials and Devices Team, UCSD

This is the Research Context for the California Institute for Telecommunications

and Information Technology

UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers• Layered Structure

– Materials and Devices– Networked Infrastructure– Interfaces and Software– Strategic Applications– Policy

• New Funding Model (4 Years)– State $100M– Industry $140M– Private $30 M– Campus $30M– Federal $100-200M– Total $400-500M

• One of Four Awarded

The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure

• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure– Bottom Up– Completely Decentralized– Self-Assembling– Use at Your Own Risk– Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment

• Examples– NSFnetInternet– NCSA MosaicWeb– NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage– SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing– IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Create Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”– Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains

– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps– Security and Authentication can be Added– But, it is Shared and Local

– Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools?– MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major

Hotels, Restaurants, …– UCSD—Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee

Shops…

The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment

• Add New Science Sensor Arrays

• Instrument Civil Infrastructure

• Try Out New Wireless Technologies

• Data Analysis

• Outreach and Education

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

Roadmap to 3rd Generation Wireless (3G)

• Huge Capital Investments Already Made (Particularly in Europe)• More Investments Required for Spectrum• Differential Roll-Out Around the World

High Data Rate (HDR)A 2.5G Bridge to the Future

• Qualcomm’s High Data Rate (HDR) – Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream

– Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down– Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data– Can Share Existing CDMA Deployed Infrastructure– Can be Installed in Current Cell Phones, Laptops, etc.

• CDMA2000, High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Spec.– Telecommunications Industry Assoc. Spec. TIA/EIA/IS-856 – Also known as 1xEV– Based on HDR

• UCSD/CalIT2 Has HDR Antennas Deployed & Working– Testbed for Wide Area Broadband Wireless– Use as WAN to 802.11 LAN

HDR Provides an Early View of Broadband Wireless Internet

New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development

• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets– Middleware Between

– the Application and the Chip System Source Code

– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) – Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently, – Supports Integration of Java™ Applications– Different Model of Security from JAVA

www.qualcomm.com/brew/

Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as Planned?

• The Economics of Telecom – The Huge Debt Load

– The Investment in 3G Buildout– Is There a Business Case to Recoup?     

• Technological Breakouts – IEEE 802.11 Buildout

– Will It Skim the Cream off 3G?        

– 2.5G Can Deploy Now (Sprint PCS)

– Will 3G Standardize in Europe, Asia, US?        

Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic Research Discipline

Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty

LOW-POWEREDCIRCUITRY

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

COMMUNICATIONTHEORY

COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS

MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS

RFMixed A/D

ASICMaterials

Smart AntennasAdaptive Arrays

ModulationChannel CodingMultiple Access

Compression

ArchitectureMedia Access

SchedulingEnd-to-End QoS

Hand-Off

ChangingEnvironment

ProtocolsMulti-Resolution

Center for Wireless Communications

Source: UCSD CWC

Creating Tiny and Inexpensive Wireless Internet Sensors Combining…

Fluids

Stresses and Strains

Optics and Lasers

UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility

0.1 mm

Integrating MEMS Sensors With Computing, Storage, & Communication

ProtocolStacks

SoC DesignMethodologies

SW/Silicon/MEMSImplementation

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

RFRFReconf.Logic

WirelessRTOS Network

Physical

Data Link

TransportApplications

sensors

ProtocolsSW/HW/Sensor/RF

Co-design Reconfiguration

Internet

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

As Our Bodies Move On-LineBioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge

• New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, & Video Camera– Images Stored on Hip Device

• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!– Wireless Internet Transmission– Key Metabolic and Physical Variables– Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60

Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars

• Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine

– Genetic Code

– Body Data Flow

– Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com

www.bodymedia.com

Wireless Sensors Will Allow Instrumentation of Critical Civil Infrastructure

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to

Crisis Management Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with BioMed, Physics, & IT

5 nanometersHuman Rhinovirus

IBM Quantum CorralIron Atoms on Copper

Requires New Clean Room Facilities

VCSELaser

2 mm

Nanogen MicroArray

500x Magnification

400x Magnification

VCSEL + Near-field polarizer :Efficient polarization control,mode stabilization, and heat management

Composite nonlinear, E-O, and artificial dielectric materials control and enhance near-field coupling

Near-field coupling between pixels in Form-birefringent CGH (FBCGH)

FBCGH possesses dual-functionalitysuch as focusing and beam steering

Wavelength (m)1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5

Ref

lect

ivit

y

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0TETM

Information I/O through surface wave, guided wave,and optical fiber from near-field edge andsurface coupling

Near-field E-Omodulator controlsoptical propertiesand near-field micro-cavity enhances the effect

+V -V

Angle (degree)20 30 40

TM

Eff

icie

ncy

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Near-field E-O Modulator+ micro-cavity

FBCGH

VCSEL

Near-field E-O coupler

Micro polarizer

Fiber tip

Grating coupler

Thickness (m)0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80

TM

0th

ord

er e

ffic

ienc

y

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

RCWATransparency Theory

Near-field coupling

Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics

Source: Shaya Fainman, UCSD

Why the Grid is the Future

Scientific American, January 2001

½ Mile

•Commodity Internet, Internet2•CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN2, Dig. Cal.•PACI Distributed Terascale Facility

• Wireless LANs

The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software

SIO

SDSC

CS

ChemMed

Eng. / Cal-(IT)2

Hosp

• High-speed optical core

Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

Wireless WAN

Near Term Goal:Build an International Lambda Grid

• Establish PACI High Performance Network– SDSC to NCSA LambdaNet for DTF

• Link to:– State Dark Fiber

– Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks

– Campus Optical Grids

– International Optical Research Networks

• NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For:– Scientific Applications

– Network Research

Optically Linked High Resolution Data Analysis and Crisis Management Facilities

• Large-Scale Immersive Displays– Panoram Technology

• Fiber Links Between SIO, SDSC, SDSU– Cox Communication

• Optical Switching – TeraBurst Networks

• Driven by Data-Intensive Applications– Seismic and Civil Infrastructure– Water Environmental System

• Integrate Access Grid for Collaboration

SDSCSIO

Attack of the Killer MicrosFrom Vector SMPs to Intel Clusters

RISC Processors

Cray X-MPIBM SP

Intel Processors

ASCI Red Linux ClustersPC Clusters

TMC CM-5

Time

Peer-to-Peer Computing and StorageIs a Transformational Technology

The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing signifies a revolution in connectivity that will be

as profound to the Internet of future as Mosaic was to the Web of the past.”

–Patrick Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.

Grid Computing (Condor) For Quantum Monte Carlo Materials Codes

Torelli, Mitas, Nano Team + Livny, UW Madison

Condor

OutputInput

Clone 1 Clone 2

Clone M...

• Pool of Workstations: Condor Carries Out the Management, Distribution, Monitoring and Checkpointing

• Very Coarse-Grain Parallelism: Parameter Scans, Independent Searches, Monte Carlo

• Each Clone: Independent Random Number Streams - “Grand Averages” Evaluated at the Very End

UW Pool ~ 800 Workstations Www.Cs.Wisc.Edu/condor

NCSA/BI Pool ~ 40 Workstations - Capable of Providing

Free 9000 SGI CPU- Hours Per Month

Entropia’s Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop in Only Two Years

Deployed in Over 80 Countries

The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search (GIMPS)Found the First Million Digit Prime

www.entropia.comEight 1000p IBM Blue Horizons

SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers

• Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day– Over Half a Million CPU Years so far!– 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7

• Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis• Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope

AreciboRadio Telescope

Extending the Grid to Planetary Dimensions Using Distributed Computing and Storage

AutoDock Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 20,000 PCsNearly 3 Million CPU-Hours Computed

In SilicoDrug Design

Art Olson, TSRI

Monte Carlo Cellular Microphysiology From IBM Blue Horizon to the Grid

• PROJECT LEADERS– Francine D. Berman

– UC San Diego– Terrence J. Sejnowski

– Salk Institute for Biological Studies

• PARTICIPANTS– Dorian Arnold

Jack DongarraRichard Wolski

– University of Tennessee

– Thomas M. BartolLin-Wei Wu

– Salk Institute for Biological Studies

– Henri CasanovaMark H. EllismanMaryann Martone

– UC San Diego

Neurotransmitter Activity Leading to Muscle Contraction

• MCell Simulated: • The Transmission of 6,000 Molecules of the Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Cyan Specks) • In a Reconstructed Mouse Sternomastoid Neuromuscular Junction • Containing Acetylcholinesterase (White Spheres).

Rendered by Tom Bartol of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies & Joel Stiles of Cornell University

using Pixar PhotoRealistic RenderMan

www.npaci.edu/envision/v16.4/mcell.html

The Emerging Planetary Supercomputer

• Napster Meets SETI@Home– Distributed Computing and Storage

• Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years– Average Speed Ten Gigaflop– Average Free Storage 100 GB

• Planetary Computer Capacity– 100 Petaflop Speed– 1 Exabyte Storage

• Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for Mobile Clients