a manual for objective tat scoring

7/25/2019 A Manual for Objective TAT Scoring

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Portland State University

PDXScholar

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R$&-+ R$$0' I-222$ %0 H- S$0$

1956

A Manual for Objective TAT ScoringRichard H. DanaPortland State University
http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri_facpubs?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri_facpubs?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri_facpubs?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/rri_facpubs?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPageshttp://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/?utm_source=pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Frri_facpubs%2F34&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages


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i

..

,

A l-1anual

for Objective TAT Scoring

R:i chard: H Dana

St,

Louis

State

Hospital'

1; -

.


3/40

Table

of

Contents

Preface

Introduction.....

'0'

.......... 1

'

1t

Rationale ,

1 .

1

Scoring Categories

,

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1.

Perceptual Organization .. 1

Description 1

Scoring

Directions

2

2. Perceptual

nge 3

Description , 3

Scoring Directions 4 3

3

Perceptual ~ e r s o n a l i z a t i o n

4

Description

'

, 4

Scoring

Directions

4

4

Card

Seiection

,

5


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List

of

Tables'

Product-moment

Correlations of

PO Scores

for

Eaoh Card with PO Score

for All Cards

(67

Normal Female .s)

6

20 Product-moment

Intercorrelations

Between PO Scores on Five Cards

(67

Non:nal

FetIlC\le

,

, , , . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S

30 Product-moment Intercorrelatiops of

Categories

PO, PR PP

for

Three

Groups

in the

Male Sample

9

4 0

Scoring

Cqtegory Reliability (per

cent of

agreement) for Male

Validation,

Male C r o 5 s - V a l i d a t i ~ n

(C),

and Female

Validation

S a m p l ~ s

, 11

5" PO Item Reliability (per cent of agreement)

for

Male Validation, Male

Cross-validation

(C), and Female

Validation

Samples ;

, 12

6.

FR

Item

~ i a b i l i t y (per oent of ~ g r e e m e n t ) for Male Validation, Male

Cross

...validation' (C),

and Female

Validation

Samples

' . . . . .

' . "1 13

7.

PP

Category

Reliability

(per ?ent of

agreement) by Sexes and

Diagnostic'

Group

i i

, . . . . . . . . II i .. l.4


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List

of

Tables

(cont.)

13. Percentage of 2s

in

Each G r o ~ p Receiving Scores of 0, 1, 2 on Each

C a t e g o r y . ~ ' ' ' f . ' . # . ' . ~ . ' '

, 22

14. Product-moment Correlations between Categories PO, PR, PP and Length

for Two Samples,

Male

and Female, Each of Three Groups, 50 ~ s in each

Group

, . . . . . . . . . .,

,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

, . ,

,

23

15. r o ~ u c t - m o m e n t Correlations

between

PO,

PRI PP and

I p t e l l i g e ~ e

Test

Scores "for Three

Female"Groups

, ",.

,,,"

, 25

16. T-Scores "for Categories

PO PR,

t 27

17. T-Score Percentages of Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic ~ s ' f o r Each

Scoring Categoryo . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , ,

, . 2B

lB. T-Score Percentages of Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic ~ s

for

Scoring

Categories PO and i Conibined

o

1 - " "

, 29

19. T-Score

P e r ~ e n t a g e s

of Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic

for

Scoring

Categories PO and PP

Combined

, , .-

, 29


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Preface

This manual presents a concise but abbreviated statement of

objective

TAT s c o ~ i ~ system and i ts predictive efficiency. t is

~ e s i g n e d

to facilitate application of this approach to TAT scoring. Although the

rationale

upon which this method is predicate?, derives from certain specific

assumptions regarding personality,

the

clinical use of

these

categories does

not demand any Earticular theoretical

persuasion. The

author

recognizes

two

kinds

of

validity

germane to projective instruments:


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-

Introduction

..........

Clinical

use of the TAT has been largely

restricted to content

analysis

'by the plethora of cumbersome

scoring

systems currently available, That

scoring

systems should be _;mple,

objective"

employ s t ~ m u l u s properties of

the TAT

cards, and be

related

to

122.rsona,li.:t.l

theory,

s

becoming empirically

. evident. That TA'F scoring can be a cler,ical procedure c:.nd

interpretation

a

clinical

skil l

con1ruent with the new look in

projertive

testing. The

use of

objective

scoring does not imply abandonment of

content

analysis but

is

merely a

fonnal aid to this process.

P ~ t i o n a 1 e

Discussion

of the

approach to personality theory uhich

antedated

the

rationale

for

' :AT scoring is rtot appropriate here (3)

How'ever

there are at

least three aspects of

test

behavior to be considered in devising objective

scoring

systems

(6):

(a)

approach

to

the situation (reflected" for

e ~ m p l e "

in the manner standard test directions are followed).; (b) normality of


8/40

-2

cription;

(b)

present

behavior;

(c) past events;

(d)

future

events;

(e)

feeling; (f) thought; (g) outcome.

PO Scori?s i r ~ c t i o n ~

You

are scoring

to

see hOl closely the subject follmved the

original

test d i r e c t i o n s ~ Score sheets are provided (Appendix A) which are used to

record

PO,

P . [ ~

and PP.

The

score sheet contains a

l i s t

of

the

seven com-

ponents

(abbreviated as

CD,

P B ~

PE,

FE,

F,

T,

0

respectively)

and spaces

to

r e ~ o r d presenoe

or

absence of

each

component

for

each card used. Columns

have been

labeled for cards

2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and apace is

lef t for

any other

cards which

may

have been

administered.

Each

PO

component

present

in stvr,y

is scored by

placing

a

plus +)

in

the appropriate

space

on the score

sheet.

A minus

(-)

is

scored

for components not included. ITo score is given for

frequency

of

appearance

on

each card.. .

Any of these components which appear after the

f irs t question

by the

examiner

(additional

scores)

should be

entered

on

the sheet

and

the

entry

circled.

All stories given by the

subject

mal be scored. The total PO score is the

sum

of acores

to

the five storjes.from c ~ r d s

2,

3, 4, 6, 7. Note

that

space

i s also provided for tal1;rir-8 frequency (f) of components for

al l

cards.

Circled PO cOnl.:)onen i.:,s

. 1 ? h 2 . ~ ) be added in

obtaining the total PO score.

Enter total sccre in t o : : ~

J

. be::..:ld Tj ent,er

total

additional

scores

in box

labeled T add.

a.

Card Description (CD)


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-3

d.

Future Events (FE)

.......---'--

Things,

events,

situations vn1ich will take plnce or ~ o

take

place in

the

future, i .e . nfter,the tinle of

the

scene pictured on

the card

'and

described

in

the stor,y., These may

be in the

immediate or remote

future

and must be

specifio and definite things, events, or

situations.

e. Feeling (1 )

Any

expression of

feeling or

emotion on

the part

of

the

characters

present

in

the story. fhis includes affect, i .e .

sad,

mad, n love,

and

de sire, i . e., wishing and wanting

(but not ~ ,

f .

Thought (T)

Any

expression of thought, memory,

drerun

or allied

mental

state present

in the story. This inclUdes deCision,

belief,

realization, knowing, praying,

figuring, etc.

g.

Outoome (0)

The

inclusion

of a specific statement W h ~ c h indicates the ending,

denouement,

finale, or

conclusion

of the

story. This

nmy consist

in

behavior,

feeling, thought

or

even,

r a r e ~

be

present

by i' lpU,.cation in

future events.

If this

does occur,

both outcome

and futur:e events

are

scored. Usually

appears

a t or near

the end of the story, i .e .

1

the

last sentence

or

phrase ..

2.

Perceptual

Hange

PR.)

Description


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Card 2

(a)

family: young girl, activity specified; woman' adult male;

(b)

fields or farm;

(c)

books or school; Card

3

Cd) female; te) emotions noted;

activity

specified;

(f)

story: death, murder, illness, frustration; t ~ r d 4

(:;) male; emotions noted;

activity

specified; ll)

woman; activity

specified,;

(i)

conflict

or cooperation;

Card 6

( j)

male,

activity indicated;

(k) female,

emotions n o t e d ~ (1)

relationship

indicated; Card

7

(m) adult female, activit l

specified; emotions noted; (n) child, female, emotions.noted; (0)

relation

ship specified.

You have been p r o v i d e ~ l v i t h criteria

l i s ts

on a score sheet

M

or F).

(Appendix A).

All

items

included

in

each

criterion

must be mentioned

for

score to

be earned.

No score

is

f$iven

for

ind,efinite

or ambiguous

state

ments.- For example, in Card 2 (male),

i f

the

"family," the

lIyoung girl," the

II

woman/

and-'

the

lIadult male

ll

a.re mentioned, no score is- given because the

tractivityl of

the

womanll

if? not specified

..

Road

each story once,

then

go

ta

ck and look

for

eaoh particular_item

n

each criterion;

finally,

check off complete criteria on the score sheet, plus

+) f ~ r ~ h o s e

present;

minus

(-)

for

those

not

included in story.

To obtain

the

total

Fa

score,

add the

plus

scores obtained

for

each

stor.r,

and enter in box

labeled

T

3 Perceptual Personalization

(pp)

Description

Some

expression,

words, and phrases used

in

the

s t o ~

are

incongruous

and have no obvious

reference

to the story that 2 is trying to

relate.

These


11/40

-5

Questions;

nls that a boy

or

a

girl?

tI\ihat t s

that

supposed

to be?U

~ d e g u a c I

of

p'erformancas

I

canlt figure that

one

out.1I

Q u a l i f i c p t i ? ~ :

vlait a

minutE:>,.;.1I

It ls not real'J

that at al l

1I

Picture criticism: This

picture

is silly.1I IIThere

is no

point

to

this

at all. .

I;arenthetical

pomments; That

S

s about

all

on

that,ll

There

is

not

much connected with it.1I

Adventitious descri-otive

comments:

Any remarks just thrown in without

apparent connection

to

the rest

of

the story. These remarks often pertain to

physical

description of

the picture, or the people in

i t

yaguenes;a and evasJ.on:

or

01' , II either

,or, lmore

or

less,lI

II

th .

11 II

h t .

II

or some J.ng" '. ,

w,

a ever ~ ~ S

Persona+ ;reference: Any reference to urn.

Any

inclusion

of

personal

information'which is

identified as

such by the

subject.

List

the

words and phrases by number for each 'card scored on the

appropriate score sheet

(M or F) .

.

List each word or phrase to be scored s e p a ~ a t e l y

One

point

is

given

for

each word

or

phrase

l isted.

The

PP

score is

the

total number of

points

for al l

cards

scored. Enter
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-6

Table 1

.

Product-moment

Correlations

of PO Scores for

Each Card with PO Score -for

AlrCards,

(

67

Normal

Female Sa)

-

Card . :

1

.72

2

.68

3

,76

4 .69

5 .73

6

7

.74

8

.74

9

..

75

lO


13/40

-7

for

the

entire

set

with

Z

transformations

to

provide a illean

correlation.

Table 2

presents

the p r o d u c t ~ m o m e n t intercorreL1tions

of. PO

scores for

normal female ~ s .

These

data

indicate that the stimulus-values of the

selected

?

TAT cards in. terms

of

N of PO

items)

are approx;i..mately equivalent.

Table 3 . ~ u m m a r i z e s

the

product-moment intercorrelations

of

scoring

categories

PO

PR

PP for three diagnostic groups in the male sample 2).

Significant relationships obtain between l l three categories. PO and PP

are inversely related such that high scores on PO tend

to

occur with low

scores

on pP.

To

a considerably

lesser

degree

PR

and PP are alsQ inversely

related.

These figur.es

raise

the

question

of

overlap

between

PO

and

P R

especially, and to a lesser extent between PO and

PP.

Further

research

must

explore the significance of these

interrelationships.

The

assumptions con-

cerning

personality

which

led

to this TAT m a n u ~ l

are

thoroughly congruent with

such

associations

among

scoring categories,

Subjeets
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-8

Table 2

Product-moment Intercorrelations

Between PO Scores

on

Five Cards

(67

Normal Female

Card

3 4 . 6

2

62

lIJ

. 50

.53

3

.61

57

.58

4

.58

.57

6

.60

Note.--All figures are

significant

at


15/40

-9

Table 3

Product-moment Intercorrelations of

Categories PO,

PR,

PP for Three

Groups n

the

Male

Sample

Category

i

pp

ro

Group:

Normal

.25

_.4Q;H r

Neurotic

. 4 3 ~ H ~

- . 3 2 1 ~

Psychotic

53* *

-.4 )l,U,r

Group:

. Normal

- .18

Neurotic'

.01

Psychoti"c

. 3 l f ~


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-10

chosen in terms of

these

same criteria with one exception;

outpatient clinic

neurotics

were used.

All

were between the ages

of

20 and

40,

\iith

I.Q.

scores of average or

better.

Reliability

Two

kinds of

scorer reliability were used

5, 6): a) scoring

category

reliability; b) reliability of

the

items composing the categories.

Scorer

reliability

lIms determined by means of percent of agreement. Both kinds of

scorer reliability were c a l c u L ~ t e d for

al l

three groups, \ ~ t h

various

scorers,

psychologists and

c l e r k s ~

From the male validation sample 75

stories,

25

from each group, were randomly drawn, coded, and scored

for

reliability.

The

same

process were used for

150 stories

from the female sample and

75

stories

from the male

c r o o s v a l i d a t ~ o n

sample. In

al l

the reliability tables the

figures

reported

for

the male-validation sample represent the average per cent

of agreement

for

three s c o r e r ~ ; the figures

for

the male

cross-validation

sample and the female sample

represent

the percent of agre.ement for two


17/40

11-

Table

4

Scoring Category

Reliability per

cent

of

agreement

for

Male Validation,

Male

Cross-validation C)

and

Female Validation Samples

Sample

Category

ro

R

pp

Male

88

86

86

Male cl

93

89

75

Female

94

91

76


18/40

2-

Table

P

Item eliability (per

cent

of agreement)

for Male

Validation,

Male

Cross-validation

C ) ~ and Female Validation Samples

Sample

tem

Male

Male

(C)

Female

Card Description 91.

91

91

Present Behavior

89

91

94

Past Events

90

91

94

Future Events

89

97 93

Feeling

89

90

95

Thought

81

89

96

Outcome

92

99

96

89 .

ean

93

94


19/40

-13

Table

6

i Item Reliability per cent of agreement)

for Male Validation, Male Cross-validation

(C), and

Female

Validation Samples

Item

Sample

,1-1ale

Male Female

1

69

93

87

2 86

93

100

3

1

100

87

4

93

100

100

5

86

87

93

6

71

87 83

7

82

87

93

8

95

87

93


20/40

Table

7

PP

Oategor,r Reiiability

~ e r

cent of agreement)

y

e x ~ s

and

Diagndstic Group

d ~ ~ p

: .

NOJ1 ll181 Behrotie

P ~ 1 c h d t i c

:

Male

88

84

76

Male

(0)

8

73

74

Female

78

77

76


21/40

same

instances for the

male

sample from those reported in Table 4 because the

component entries are themselves mean agreements of three

scorers.

No con

sistent

or

large differences appear between males or females and

~ h e r e

were

no significant

differences

n

scoring the three diagnostic groups, Thus, the

reliability figures for each

diagnostic

group

are

omitted. The reliability of

scoring separate PO items (on

l l

samples) ranged from 89 to 97 per cent of

agreement;. PR from 60 to 100 per

cent

of agreement.

Table 7 prosents the reliability of scoring PP for males females and

diagnostic groups.

The

lowered PP figures

reflect

ambiguity

in the

Bcoring

directions,

i .e.

the

absence

of

specified

criteria

to

look

for

in

the

stories.

PP r e l i a ~ i l i t y

figures

are

reported

by diagnostic

group because ambiguity

in

creases

with-bizarreness present

n the TAT stor,y. The selection of just what

to score becomes difficult as l i t t le in

the

protocol

relates

to

the continuity

of the stor,y.

Validity


22/40

--

16-

Table 8

Means,

Standard Deviations SD) and Ranges for ~ ~ l e

M)

Male r o s s ~ v a l i d a t i o n C)

and Female F) Validation

Sam/1es

of

Normal, Neurotic, and Psychotic

Groups

on

Each Scoring Category

~ a t e g o r y

Bean

SD Range

M

F

M

C

F 1 1

C

-F

ro

Group:

Normal

26.6 26.5 27.5

3.7

2.6

3.9

19-32 22-31 16-35

Neurotic

- 20.8

18.5 18.5 4.2

3.2

4.3

12-29

11-24

10-25

Psychotic

13.2

10.8

8.5

4.1.

2.9 2.9

6-24

6-21

5-18

PR

Group:

Normal

12.1

13.4

14.2

1.8

1.3

1.0

8-15

11-15

11-15


23/40

-17

Table 9

Summary of Median Test Results on

PO, FR.

PP Scores

of l ~ l e Validation

Sample,

Combined

Above

Category

1,Iedian

He

dian

X

2

PO

Group:

Normal

37.0

24.50 23.0


24/40


25/40

-19

Table 11

Summary

of

Median Test R9sults

on PO,

PR,

PP

Scores of

Male

Cross validation

Sample

Combined

Above

Category

Median

l


26/40

-20

Table

12

Normal-neurotic and Neurotic-psychotic Medians

for'Hale Validation,

lfule Cross-Validation

(C),

Female Validation, Total

11ale, and Total

:f.fale and

Female Sa.r.lples

for

T T Scoring Categories

PO,

FR, PP

Category

a

Sample:

1:1ale

Male

(C)

Female

Total I"fale

Total

F

FR

Hedian

normal-neurotic Neurotic-psychotic

24.5 16.9

2.3.0

14.0

22.5 12.J.

23.8

16.3

23.4

14

7


27/40

-21

.

normal-neurotic and

n e u r o t i c ~ p s y c h o t i c

medians were given

1;

and

scores

e l ~

the neurotic-psychotic

medians were given 2 PP scores

the

normal-

neurotic median were given scores between the normal-neurotic median and

the neurotic-psychotic median were given 1; and scores above the

neurotic

psychotic

median were given

2.

Table

13

presents the

percentages

of

~ s

male.

(validation

plus cross-validation

samples) and female,

in

each

diagnostic

group

receiving

scores

of 0,

1,

2. This table can be used directly to

evaluate

the

pl obability that a particular scored T T record

( men

translated into .prediction

scores) will fall into the nomal, neuroti'c, or psychotic group. This

table

constitutes

preliminary

norms

for these three T T s c o r i ~ g

categories.

Past

T T

r e s ~ a r c h (1) has indicated

that

length

n u m b ~ r

of words) may be

related

to objective

sporing.

The question of whether the median

test

differ

ences were a result of

length

was raised in the male validation study That is,

would

the

groups have been

alike

in

FO

scores had

their

p r o t o ~ o l s

been

of

equivalent

length? The assumptions necessary for covarience adjustments are


28/40

... -

Table 13

,Pel crentage

of

.S

in

Each Group ReceiYing

Scores

of

0 1 2 Q n BolCh Category

Group ,

Categor,r

PO

i

PP

Normal

Score:

0

B

B4 87

1

1B

16

12

2

0 0

1

Neurotio

Score:

17

14

26

1

6B

81

40

2

15

5 34


29/40

-23

Table 14

Product-moment Correlations between Categories PO, PH,

-PP, and Lengtlrfor:Two-

S a n i p . l . J 5 i . a ~ ; - < u : 1 d Female,

Each

of

Three Groups, 50

~ s

in Each

Group

Length Category

P

i

PP

Hale

Group:

Normal

.23 .15

.16

Neurotic

5 2 l H ~

.12

.11

Psychotic

.3011

-.02

.21

Femnle

Group:

Normal 55** .10

-.00

Neurotic

34it

.50**

.40*11


30/40

-24

length correlations for the male and female samples do not diffe r

to

s v great

extent The marked similarity of the respective distributions indicates that

the influence of length on median test differences

for

the female sample is

not important.

Some

PR-length and PP-length correlations are significant for '

the

female sample.

However

n e i ~ h e r

correlation

for

the

normal group approaches

significance.

This suggests

that

length does not influence

the

scoring

cate-

gones but may be

related to

psychopathology. Again the magnitude of

the obtained correlations.incomparison with the magnitude

of the

chi-square

differences

between groups p r o v i d e ~ evidence against any appreciable constant

effect

on either

PH or PP prediction

scores.

Although consensus of experts has not considered

intelligence

to be

related to TAT

scores,

product-moment

correlations

were

calculated

between

scoring categories and

i n t e l l i ~ n c e

as estimated by Wechsler-Bellevue, Fonn

I,

I .q. scores (Table 15 .

The

correlations ~ e e n PO and PR scores and

intelli-

gence scores for neurotics were significant at


31/40


32/40

-26

clinical

populations over a broad range of situations, the advantages

of

T-

scores

are

recognized.

Primarily,

however, the opportunity

for

maximizing

differences

between groups by use of combined

scores

was obtained. Thus, these

scores when

n o ~ ~ l i z e d

b e c ~ n e units corillnon

to

psychological measurement and

their meaning is enhanced.

Table 16

presents the

T-score

equivalents

for

each

T T

scoring

c a t e g o ~ .

Table 17 contains T-score percentages of normal,

neurotic,

and psychotic s ~ l e s

for each

scoring

categorJ.

I t

~ d l l be noted that Tables 13 and 17 present

highly

similar percentage

figures,

differing only as a function

of

ehoiee

of

cut-off

points.

BOliever,

when

T-scores

are

added

to

provide

the

combinations

for

Fa

and PR, PO and PP, f,R and PP, and PO, PR,

PP, striking

differences occur

in

the predictive efficiency

of the

scoring

categories.

Tables IB, 19, 20, 21

provide this informau on. lhen ro and PI T-scores are combined (Table 1$), 79

per

cent

of normal Ss

fall

between scores of 112 and

145;

BB

percent

of neurotic

.S

fall

betvleen B9 and l l l and

83

per

cent

of psychotic'

.S

fal l between

49

and


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-27

Table

16

T Scores

for

Categories

PO

pp

PR"

T Score

Ca.tegory

r

FR

pp

78

35-37

72

32-34

67

15

65

29-31

62

14

59

26-2S

53

13

0.-:2

56

12

55

23-25

53

11

52

20-22

51

l

50

3-5

49

17-19

9

47

8

46

14-16

45

7

6-8

43

11-13

6

42

9-11

40

5

39 12-14

-


34/40

~ ~

Table

17

T Score Percentages

of

Normal

1

Neurotic and

Psychotic ~

for Each

Scoring

Categor,y

T o ~ e

Normal Neurotic

P S Y ~ l o t i c

pp

O

FR

'pp

00

R

PP

ro

PH

5;.w. fS

88

84

87

24

14

25

2 1

13

46;.54

2

16

g

65

71

22

18

12

23

19 45

0

0

5

11

15

53

80

87

64


35/40

Table 18

T Score Pereentages 01 Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic

s

for

Scoring Categories

PO

and

FR

Combined

T Score

NOrmal

Neurotic Psychotic

112-145

79

6

B9-l11

21

BS

17

49 8B

0 6

B 3

Table 19

T

Score Percentages ot-Normalj Neurotic and Psychotic

.S for

Scoring Categories PO and

PP Combined

T

Score

Normal

Neurotic

Psychotic'

109-136

92

IS 2

89-108

8

62

27

49-88

0

20

71

Table

20

T

Score

Percentages

of

Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic

~

for Scoring Categories

PR and

PP Combined

!


36/40

cant percentage of three diagnostic groups. Hmiever

the

information

actually

obtained by

this

scoring

system goes consiqerably beyond

preqiction

of

clinical

diagnosis, he scores of an

are believed to

represent

IIdegree

of psychiatric

illness,. Thus any expectation t 100 per cent d;i.stinction between groups

would not be supported

Mental

illness,

as

tapped by

this

system

consists

in

deviations

fxom

normative TAT behavior and represents changes

in subjective, internalized

meaning qystems

called

IIrealityll. Certain concomitants of mental illness are

emphasized bY this system:

(a)

awareness of reality

is

diminished; (b) ex-

perience.can

be organized with

difficulty

i at all; (c) the desire to

giye

an acceptable account

of

oneself diminishes. These appear as attributes

of

a 108s of psychic energy n e c e s s a ~ : y for optimal individual function.

he

manual can be considered an

enterprise

preliminary to

the

major

responsibility of any projective technique, i . ~ . validitY2

. I


37/40

-31

References

1. Dana, R. H. The Thematic ApperceptionTest applied to an experiment

in perceptiorland

Personality.

Unpublished

bachelor's thesis,

Princeton

Uitl.v.,

1 9 4 9 ~

Dana,.

Rs The

diagnostic

efficacy

of

a

theoretically

d ~ r i v e d

objeet:i.ve

s?oring 5,rstem f ~ r

the

Thematic Apperception T ~ s t Unpublished

d o c t ~ r t s

thesi5; U ~ ~ i ot,!lllnoiB; 1953

3,

Dana, H,

P e r ~ o n a l i t y Orientation! an

organizational

focus for

. i

durrent researohj i!,.. Pa.y.ch,ol.

f

1954,

L

139 :150,

4, D a n a ~

iIj

c i i I i i c ~ l diagnosis and objective TAT scoring., ... a b n o ~ ,

5. Dana, R.

'H.

R o ~ M ~ h t i c h sdbrer reliability. . ~ , . 4 : h , PSlcholO 1955,

1l, 401-403.

6.

Dana, R.

H.

The

objectification-of

projective

t ~ c i h n i q u e s :

rationale.
http:///reader/full/objeet:i.vehttp:///reader/full/objeet:i.ve


38/40

3 -

ppendix

Score sheet

m le

Score sheet female


39/40

-

-

TAT

Score .Sheet: Male

Perceptual

'Organization

(po), Perceptual Range

(ffi),

Perceptual Personalization

(pP)

a m e ~

ge_

ro

PR

PP

Component

Card

Card

Criteria

(List. bjr card H).

Tot

-

2

o a.

Family: .young gir l wanan,

CD

B

I

I

I

1

I

-

-

Total

Add

-

1

activity specified; adultmale.

b . Fields

or

farm.

PB

c.

Books or school.

P

3

d.

Figure, sex and.

age

specified.

Emotions noted.

FE

. f. Activity specified.

z

4

D'

g.

i4'alej

emotions

noted, act ivi ty

specified.

T

a

h.

Woman;

act ivi ty specified.

i.Conflict or cooperation.

o

6 n

j

l'ianj emotions noted, act ivi ty

Total N

specified.

FJ

k.

Woman;'emotions

noted.

_ 1.

Personality

referrent.

7

C::lm Older

male, act ivi ty specified,

. relationship specified.

El

n. Male, emotions noted.

o. Personality referrent.

Sum T

Scorer_________________

[J

cr

TEl


40/40

a manual for objective tat scoring

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