a male mouse is called a buck. a female mouse is called a doe. a baby mouse is called a pinky, or a...
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A male mouse is called a buck. A female mouse is called a doe. A baby mouse is called a pinky, or a kitten. Mice are fond of hard bread. Mice are constant eaters - and will eat almost anything. Mice are prolific breeders, producing six to ten litters
continuously throughout the year Mice will nurse babies that are not their own. Baby mice curl up when they are being carried. You can keep mice on a table without a cage because
mice are afraid to jump off high vertical drops.
To this day some people believe that fried mice or mouse pie is a cure for bed wetting.
The greatest loss from mice is not due to how much they eat, but what must be thrown out because of damage or contamination.
Each year, rodents cause more than one billion dollars in damage in the US alone.
Mice have tails that are as long as their bodies. You should never pick a mouse up by its tail.The tip of the tail may
come off. Mouse tails have scales that help with climbing. Some mice don't have any hair at all. Mice have been domesticated for hundreds of years. The National Mouse Club of Britain was formed in 1895. Mice are able to see some colors; however, they do lack the pigment
that allows them to see red. They see shades of black and white and may be able to distinguish blues.
Though generally classified as herbivores and eat a regular diet of grains and fruit, mice will eat almost anything they encounter
Rat and mouse bones have been found in caves where cavemen lived.
Mice can make their own vitamin C. People worshipped mice in temples.
(You can see this in India) The Hindu god Ganesha rides a
mouse
A mouse can jump down 12 feet without injury. Mice are nocturnal creatures. The name mouse comes from "mus", a Sanskrit word
that means thief. Mouse urine has a fluorescent glow. Mice see best in dim light. Mice travel the same path time and time again, leaving
a smudge mark - a buildup of dirt and oil from their fur - along walls, pipes and holes.
Mice can chew through anything that is softer than their teeth.
Mice can transmit salmonellosis (bacterial food poisoning) when food is contaminated with infected mouse feces
Mice Mouse pleural (mice) is a
rodent The best known species
is the house mouse (mus musculus)
Live up 2 years In wild life 5 months due
to heavy predation by dogs, cats, birds,snakes,
Breathing dust from feces dangerous
The original motivation for cat to be domesticated is mice
Genetics Outbred
stocks Inbred stocks Athymic nude
mice and (SCID) mice
F1 hybrid Transgenic
mice
Ecology Germ free or
axenic Specific germ free Gnotobiotics conventional
Uses Make good pet Proficient breeder Musty odor More mice used in
research Genetics.virology.
teratogenecity.
Behavior They are social
animals Curioius but not
aggressive Female mice rarely
fight Dominant
hierarchy They are nocturnal
and diurnal
Anatomic and physiologic features Dental formula 2(1/1
incisors, 0/0 canine, 0/0 premolar. 3/3 molar)
The incisors are open rooted
Divided stomach The lung has one large
left lobe and four small large lobe.
Brown fat is present Mice have 5 pairs of
mammary gland
Biologic and reproductive data Adult body weight Male 20-40gr Female 25-40gr Body temperature 36.5-38 c Life span 1.5-3 y Respiratory rate 60-220 Heart beat 325-725 Estrus cycle 4-5 d Breeding onset 50d Gestation period 21d Postpartum estrus fertile Litter size 6-12 Weaning age 21-28 Breeding duration 7-9 mo Chromosome 40
Breeding and reproduction Polygamous and monogamous Bred 7 to 8 weeks Phremones is important Whitens Bruce affect Mating can be confirmed by
plug Gestation period 19-21 days In lactating mice is prolonged
by 3-10 days Altricial Called pinkies By day 10 their body has hair
ears open and the eyes open by 12
They eat solid food at 14
Husbandary Housing in a shoe box
cages made of plastic or polycarbonate.minimal space required 97cm2
Pine or cedar chips should not be used
Temprature 18-26c Humidity 30%-70% 10-15 change air in hour 12-14 hours light The frequency of cage
cleaning
Feeding and watering
Mice usually consume 3-5g of solid food
16%protein, 4% fat Adult mice drink 6-7 ml of water Mice are coprophage
Identification
Ear punching, ear tagging, microchip, dyes
Handling and restraint To transfer mouse
from cage to cage hold the animal from base of the tail
restraint Restraint of the
mouse using one grip handfor intraperitoneal injection
Blood collection
Retroorbital sinus Lateral veins on the tail Cardiac puncture
Hematology
Total blood 1.6-3.2ml Single sample 0.2-0.3
ml Exanguination 1-1.5ml
Drug administration
Medication is frequently administered orally
Small gauge needle 23 and 25 is used
Subcutaneously 2-3ml Im 0.2ml Intraperitoneal 2-3 ml
Anesthesia
Dilution of all injectable anesthesia is recommended
The combination of ketamine and xylazine
Isoflurane , halothane, methoxyflorane
Bacterial diseasePneumonia and respiratory disease
Mycoplasma pulmonis,Klebsiela pneumoniae, corynebacterium kutscheri,
Clinical signs , labored respiration, weght loss, conjunctivitis
Ampicilline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicole,sulfamerazine
Helicobacter infection Mice rat guinea pig rabbit
ferret dog Causes chronic active
hepatitis A/jcr are susceptible to
tumor H.hepaticus cause
inflammatory bowl disease
H.bilis, h.muridarum, h.rappini
Gross lesion foci of necrosis in liver,
Treatment amoxicillin, tetracycline
Tyzzers disease Mice, rat , hamster,
guinea pig, rabbits, dog, cat.
Caused by Clostridium piliforme
Immunosuppressive animals or newly weaned
Clinical signs include diarrhea, dehydration and anorexia
Colonic hyperplasia disease Citrobacter freundii
biotype 4280 Entrocolith, diarrhea, Thichening of the
colon Mucosal hyperplasia Treatment neomycin Tetracyclin
sulfamethazine
Coryneform hyperkeratosis
Corynebacterium psuedodipheriticum
Hyperkeratosis in nude mice and high mortality in suckling
Dry white flaky skin, priritis Affected animals should be
euthenized
Staphylococcus aureus
Abscess Conjunctivitis Superficial pyoderma Furunculosis is a problem in nude
mice
Streptococcus spp
Drmatitis, cervical lymphadenitis, bacteremia
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Water born infection Mice that immunologically weak Listlessness, anorexia and death
Viral diseases Sendai virus Mouse hepatitis virus Epizootic diarrhea of
infant mice Murine retroviral
infection lymphocytic
choriomeningitis Ectromelia
Sendai virus
Is a parainfluenza I virus Fatal in weanling cerbation of
pnumono Supress the normal antibacterial of
lung Exacerbation of pnumonia Hunchrd poture, ruffled feather,
dyspnea, and teeth chattering
Mouse hepatitis virus
It has two forms of enteric and respiratory pattern
Clinical sign in suckling, diarrhea,encephalitis, tremor,empty stomach
Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice
Less than two weeks
Murine retroviral infection
All mice harbor both endogenous murine leukemia virus and endogenous murine mammary tumor virus
Parasitic diseases
Mites Myobia musculi Rodfordes affini Mycoptes musculinus Psoregatus simplex
Pinworm
Syphacia obvelata, Aspicularis tetraptera cause anal pruritis and diarrhea ,rectal prolapse
Tapworm
Hymenolepsis nana Hymenolepsis diminuta
Flagellates
Spirunucleus muris Giardia muris
Miscellaneous conditions
Bite wound Dehydration Hair loss malocculation
Hamster
Family Cricetidiae.ther are over 50 species, subspecies and varieties.
They are found in any significant number
It weighs 120 grams
Syrian or golden (Mesocricetus auratus)
Russian hamster !. Campbell dwarf,
brownish white in color belly, dorsal stripe
Siberian or roborovski Grey in color
white in winter
Chinese (Cricetulus griceus)
Mouse like hamster smaller, 30gr
Uses They are popular as pets Research animal, because they have small
size, ease of taming, low care requirments and few diseases
Syrian hamster is used in infectious diseases, cancer, immunology, hypothermia, dental caries, reproductive , physiology,cardiomyopathy
Chinese is used in diabetes, and cytogenetic studies
Both are used in rodiobiology
Behavior Solitary animals Group housing is stressful Aggressive especially to unfamiliar of
either sex The females are more aggressive They make tunnel They are sound sleeper They walk long distance Hibernate 2 to 3 days
Anatomic and physiologic features Short legs, bright beady black eyes Large amount of skin Cheek pouches Dental formula 2( 1/1 incisors, 0/0 canine, 0/0
premolars, 3/3 molars) The stomach has 2 parts long duedenum and jejunum Brown adipose tissue Two gland in the flanks Differention of sexes Female has 5 to 6 pairs of mammary glands
Biological data Male 85-120gr Female 95-150gr Life span 18-24 month Body temprature 37-38 c Heart rat 250-500 Respiratory rate 35-135 Food consumption 8-12gr/100/d Water consumption 8-10ml Breeding onset Male 10-14wk Female 6-10wk Estrus cycle length 4d Gestation period 15d Litter size 5-9 Weaning age 21d Breeding duration 10-14months Chromosomes 44
Breeding and reproduction Bred for the first time 6 and 8 weeks when they are 80
t0 100 g. Polyestrus except for winter Ovulation is spontaneous after 8 hours There is discharge The female usually attack the new male Signs of pregnancy Gestation is very short Litter size 5 to nine The ears open 4 to 5 days, eyes 14 to 16 days , eat food
7 to 10 days Cannibalism of young is common
Husbandary Housing, 123 cm2 and the cage
hight 15cm Caging material should be
carefully sellected Temperature 18-26 c Humidity 30-70% 10 to 15 air change per hour Fastidious
Feeding and wATERING
16 % PROTEIN 4-5% FAT 6 to 10 g /100 and 9 to 10 ml of
water Slot width 11mm They are coprophage
Adult blood volumes
Total blood 6.8 to 12 Single sample 0.5-1.2 Exanguination 3-5
Blood collection
Retroorbital bleeding Limbed vein or clipped toenail Cardiac puncture
Drug administration
Small scales are useful 5 ml of sugar or syrup can be added Subcutaneous 3-4ml Intraperitoneal 3-4 ml Im 0.1 ml Interavenou is made to cephalic
vein, jugular vein,
husbandary Prefers solid bottom- bottom cages Floor area of 123 cm with hight of 15cm Caging material should be carefully
selected Temperature 18-26 c Humidity 30 to 70% 14 hours light 10 to 15 changes per hour Feed should contain 16% protein 4 to 5%
fat They are coprophagic
Breeding and reproduction First time 6 and 8 weeks of age(80 -100) gr Female is contineously polystrus Cycling every 4 days White discharge 2nd day The female can be successfully mated On the 3rd days Ears open 4-5days Eyes 14 to 15 Eat food 7-10 Fertile 2-18d after weaning cannibalism
Baybys 4 weeks
Baybys 6 weeks
Baybys 12 days eyes are not open
Babys 17 eyes are open
10 days eyes not open
Young
young
Antibiotic Associated Entrocolitis Lincomycin, clindamycin,ampicillin,
vancomycin, erythromycin, cephalosprins, gentamycin,
Clost.difficile Cecal mucosa edematous and
hemorrhagic Diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia,
ruffled fur
Proliferative ileitis, or wet tail Most common spontaneous disease of
hamster caused by Desulfovibrio sp. Confined to young of 3 to 8 weeks Mortality is often high and is caused by
stress Unkempt hair coat, anorexia,moistened
perineal area. Necropsy, gas and yellow diarrhea,
ileum thickened and edematous
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Rabies Rabies is a virus that can cause a wide variety of
symptoms in hamsters. Once bitten by a rabid animal, hamsters will develop a nasty and irritable temperament within days and usually die with in a week of the first signs. As the virus progresses, the hamster will eventually experience paralysis of their lungs and throat causing the animal to suffocate and die.
Rabies is a virus that can be prevented through vaccination every three years. As rabies is common in both domestic and wild animals, most states in the US require pets to have rabies shots.
Tapeworms Hamsters can become infected with
tapeworms if they inadvertently eat contaminated food that contains tapeworm eggs. The tapeworm lives in the hamster’s intestines and competes with the hamster for nutrients and water. Generally hamsters will experience weight loss when carrying a tape worm.
Pinworm
Pinworms are a much less common parasite that resides in the large intestine of the hamster. Hamsters typically do not experience adverse side effects from carrying the parasite, although in some cases the parasite can cause extreme itching around the anus
Demodex
Demodex criceti Demodex aurati
Hamster care Abscess Allergy Bladder, kidney infection Broken limb Constipation Dehydration Eye problem Fur loss Heat stroke Hibernation Impacted cheeks Overgrown nails Old age Rectal prolaps infection shock