a life without memory is no life at all
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- Louis Bunuel. What is the earliest memory you could recall?. A life without memory is no life at all. Chapter 10. Memory and Thought. Section 1. Taking In and Storing I nformation. Memory. Memory is the input, storage, and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A life without memory is no life at
all- Louis Bunuel
What is the earliest memory you could recall?
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Chapter 10
Memory and Thought
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Section 1
Taking In and Storing Information
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Memory Memory is the input, storage, and retrieval of what has been learned or
experienced.
Processes of memory: Encoding: The transformation of information so that the nervous system can process
it. (Use senses to create and record a memory).
Three types:
1. Acoustic: remember things by saying them out loud repeatedly (Listening).
2. Visual: remember by trying to keep a mental picture of things (looking).
3. Semantic: remember things by understanding them or making sense of them.
Storage is the process where information is maintained over a period of time.
Retrieval is when the information is brought to mind or ‘remembered’ from storage.
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The Processes of Memory
Encoding (recording)
Storage (saving)
Retrieval (recalling)
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Stages of memory1. Sensory memory: quick memory storage which immediately follows a
stimulus. Capacity: all stimulus in the moment.
Duration: lasts a fraction of a second.
2. Short-term memory (working memory): memory that is limited to about 7
items and has low duration if not rehearsed. (working memory combines
short-term and long-term memory for current information i.e. studying). Capacity: about 7 items remembered.
Duration: less than 20 seconds if not rehearsed.
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Primary-recency effect: refers to up to the first or last four things you are
able to remember in a list.
Types of rehearsal:
Maintenance rehearsal is a system to remember by repeating information to
one’s self (memorizing).
Chunking is grouping things together to remember them.
3. Long-term memory: the storage of information over long periods of time.
Types of long-term memory:
1. Semantic memory is our knowing of languages and its rules.
2. Episodic memory is our memory of events which occurred in one’s life with
time.
3. Declarative memory is stored information that can be remembered
voluntarily.
4. Procedural memory is the permanent storage of learned skills that don’t
need to be remembered (i.e. writing).
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Three Systems of Memory
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Sensory Memory Experiment
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Memory Centers in the Brain Cortex: Stores memory
Short-term: our ability to remember words, facts, and events
(declarative memory). The capacity of short-term memory depends on
the activity in the cortex.
Long-term: ability to remember words, facts, and events (declarative
memory) from the past depends on activity in the cortex.
Thalamus: information processing
Our ability to process sensory information to create memories.
Hippocampus: Ability to transfer facts or events from short-term into long-
term memory.
Amygdala: Emotion Associations (associate information with emotions).
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Amygdala
Short-term memory (stored)
Long-term Memory (storage)
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