a learning framework for the digital age

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A Learning Theory Framework for the Digital Age for - enlightened Parents - enthusiastic Teachers - autonomous Learners

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Web-based learning is emerging as the second strand of education, where the teacher or parent becomes a learner facilitator, the web becomes the classroom and the learner becomes increasingly autonomous. Borrowing from different learning theories this presentation suggests a learning framework for the digital age.

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Page 1: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

A Learning Theory Framework for the

Digital Agefor

- enlightened Parents- enthusiastic Teachers- autonomous Learners

Page 2: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Web-based LearningThe Second Strand of Education

The world has changed and become more networked... What is needed is not a new

theory for the digital age, but a model that integrates the different theories to guide the

design of online learning materials.

- Dr. Mohamed Ally at Athabasca University

Page 3: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Summary What is the Second Strand of Education?

Elements of the Second Strand

Learner Facilitator: Understand the learner, Curate & Filter content, Bring Coherence, Co-explore & Co-create

Web as a Classroom

Role of the LearnerWhat learning theories apply

Cautions

Page 4: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

What is the Second Strand of Education?

Page 5: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

The first strand is formal education

Formal Education

Page 6: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

To understand the Second Strand, an analogy

Our understanding of solar system has changed…

From Earth-centric…

Page 7: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

to Sun-centric…

Page 8: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

to Mass-centric

Page 9: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Likewise our view on education is changing…

From Earth-centric…

Teacher-centric…

Page 10: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

to Sun-centric…

Learner-centric…

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to Mass-centric

Connection -centric

- Learners- Mentors- Content- Conversation

l

Page 12: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Connection-centric- Learners- Mentors- Content- Conversation

This ‘Web-based Learning’ is the

Second Strand of Education

Formal Education

Web-based Learning

(Ref: ‘Connective Learning’ - Siemens and Downes)

Page 13: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

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1. The Teacher (or Parent) becomes a ‘Learner Facilitator’

2. Web becomes the Classroom

3. Autonomous Learner

Elements of the Second Strand

Page 14: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

1. Role of Learner Facilitator

in the Second Strand of Education

Page 15: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

One-on-one relationship between learner and web-based learning content.

Learner Facilitator, understanding the unique needs of the learner, helps the learner navigate the web, curating and filtering content, co-exploring and leading to deeper comprehension.

Web-based Learning 1.0

y

Page 16: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Role of Traditional Teacher

Learner Maturity

Role of Learner Facilitator

Page 17: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Web-based Learning

Learner Maturity

Learner facilitator facilitates web-based learning

Role of Learner Facilitator

Page 18: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Learner Maturity

Guided Learning Web-based

Learning + Facilitation

Role of Learner Facilitator

Page 19: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

19

1. Role of the Learner Facilitator

a) Understand the specific needs of the learner

b) Curate and Filter appropriate content

c) Bring coherence

d) Co-explore and co-create

Page 20: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

20

a) Learner Facilitator should “Understand the Learner”...

Understand specific learner needs

Understand type of intelligence

Understand learner’s preferred style

of learning

Understand learner motivation

From ‘extrinsic’ to ‘intrinsic‘ motivation (fire-up a yearning to learn)

Page 21: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

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...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator to “Understand the Learners”

Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory

Piaget’s Stage Development Theory

ARCS Theory of Motivation

Motivation 3.0 - Autonomy, Mastery, Purpose

Page 22: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

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b) Learner Facilitator as ‘Curator’ and ‘Filter’ of learning content...

Guide the learner navigate the huge content available on the web by

Curating content

Filtering appropriate content

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Cognitive Learning Theory - build learning muscle; acquire, assimilate, retain and retrieve knowledge

Curate appropriate free content . E.g. MIT World, MIT OCW, Google Scholar, iTunes University, OpenYale, Khan Academy

...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator “Curate and Filter” content

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Social Learning Theory - ‘more knowledgeable other’ (MKO)

Filter content using - Wisdom of the Crowd (e.g. Amazon - people who read this also read), Rating of content, Social Bookmarking (Digg, Reddit)

...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator “Curate and Filter” content

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c) Learner Facilitator should help “Gain Coherence”...Knowledge on the web is highly fragmented, learner facilitator should help the learner make sense and gain coherence

Facilitate the Learner gain deeper understanding - from knowledge to application

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...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator create “Coherence”

Cognitive Learning Theory - information processing, change in mental schemata, transfer from short-term to long-term

Add Context to information

Online Mindmaps

Graphic Organisers

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...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator create “Coherence”

Constructivist Learning Theory - inquiry based learning, discovery learning, active participation

Webquests

Blog, Twitter - learner shares what is being learnt in own words, which leads to deeper comprehension

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d) Learner Facilitator as a “Co-Explorer and Co-Creator”

Sage-on-stage > Guide-by-the-side > Co-explorer

Learner Facilitator actively participates and ‘co-creates’ with the learners

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...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator as “Co-Explorer and Co-Creator”

Social Learning Theory - Guided Learning, Scaffolding, Fading, Zone of Proximal Development, Self-Efficacy

Co-explore learning content as a guide , providing scaffolding and enhancing the Self-Efficacy of the learner

Blog, Twitter - learner shares what is being learnt in own words, which leads to deeper comprehension

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30

...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator as “Co-Explorer and Co-Creator”

Constructivist Learning Theory - inquiry based learning, discovery learning, active participation

Young Learners - guided participation in learning communities like ‘Scratch’ (MIT)

Inquiries that require game-based learning (e.g. serious gaming, simulations (e.g. Gizmo Learning)

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...Learning Theories useful for Learner Facilitator as “Co-Explorer and Co-Creator”

Humanism Learning Theory - learning from with-in

Write blogs, tweets

Self-publish books - e.g. Lulu, Create Space, iBookStore

Page 32: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

2. Web as a Classroom

in the Second Strand of Education

Page 33: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Web 2.0 makes online Social Learning possible

h

Web-based Learning 2.0

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Importance of Online Social Learning

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21st Century

What you know

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21st Century

What you need to know

What you know

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GAP!

21st Century

What you need to know

What you know

Page 38: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Fill the ‘gap’ by using knowledge of your network /connections

c

21st Century

What you need to know

What you know

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c

“I store

knowledge I

need in my

friends”

WEB-BASED SOCIAL LEARNING

l

Fill the ‘gap’ by using knowledge of your web-based network /connectionsWhat you need to

know

What you know

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a) Lessons from Vygotsky

Enhance ‘Zone of Proximal Development’

Connect with many ‘More Knowledgeable Others’

Online Collaborative Learning Environment

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b) Lessons from Albert Bandura

Social Constructivism - Modelling

Attention

Retention

Replication

Motivation

Enhance ‘Self-Efficacy’

Online Collaborative Learning Environment

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c) Lessons from Lave and Wenger

Situated Learning

Contextual Learning

Legitimate Peripheral Participation

Online Collaborative Learning Environment

Page 43: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

3. Role of Autonomous Learner

in the Second Strand of Education

Page 44: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Learning Cycle in the Second Strand

Page 45: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Second Strand facilitates Cognitivist Learning

h

Page 46: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

46

a) Web-based Cognitivist Learning

www.AcademicEarth.org

www.KhanAcademy.org

www.JusticeHarvard.org

www.Scribd.com

www.Slideshare.com

iTunes University

MIT World (video lectures)

Page 47: A Learning Framework for the Digital Age

Second Strand facilitates Constructivist and Social Learningh

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48

b) Web-based Constructivist Learning

John Seely Brown’s thinking

Online Study Groups

Learning by tinkering

Learning through play

Marinating in the problem space

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b) Web-based Constructivist Learning

Online conversations for coherence and deep understanding - TED.com lectures and conversations

Serious Gaming

www.EnergyVille.com

UNICEF games like Ayiti

World without Oil

‘Apps’ for mobile phones

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Web-based Learning - CAUTIONS!

Nicolas Carr’s views

Internet is making us ‘hunter gatherers’ rather than ‘cultivators’

Skimming is becoming the dominant mode of thinking

Every medium develops some cognitive skills at the expense of others

Cognitive Overload

Multitasking and hypertext environment of the web, implies break in our concentration burdens or wipes our working memory

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Good Reads and ReferencesGeorge Siemen’s Blog: http://www.connectivism.ca/

Connectivism and Connective Knowledge MOOC -

http://cck11.mooc.ca/

Stephen Downes’ website:

http://www.downes.ca/news/index.html

John Seely Brown’s website: http://www.johnseelybrown.com/

The Encyclopaedia of Informal Education :

http://www.infed.org/index.htm

Learning Theories: http://www.learning-theories.com/

Learning Theories: http://tip.psychology.org/theories.html