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A Holistic workflow for evaluating and developing SRR – Cypher
Joe Dumesnil China Unconventional Tech
Team Leader
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Unconventional Source Rock Reservoirs (SRR)
Difficult-to-produce formations - special completion techniques
Larger amounts of data & more engineering manpower are required. ‒ Unconventional gas reservoirs vs
conventional reservoirs.
Reservoir usually Highly Heterogeneous (Faulted or Fractured)
Unconventional gas production economically viable: ‒ Advances in horizontal drilling ‒ Advances in completions, ‒ Advances in hydraulic fracturing
Less Mature Oil Window
More Mature Oil Window
Gas Window
Unconventional Team Organization
Organizational Collaboration
Multidisciplinary team All disciplines are interactive
when performing: – Assessment – Operational program – Optimization
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3
Petroleum System Analysis
Customer Reservoir Modeling
Basin Modeling Geochemistry Petrophysics
Earth Modeling
Geophysical Analysis
Data Management
Asset Valuation and Planning
Earth Model
Geologist & Reservoir Engineering
Predict Reserves
Financial Backing
Changes Are Limited
Slow Loop – Customer Owned
Data Management
Dynamic Integrated
Asset Model
Completion / Drilling Engineering
5000 5750 6500 7250 8000 8300
8200
8100
8000
7900
7800
7700
7600
7500
7400
7300Stress Profile
Closure Stress (psi)
Permeability
Low High
Fracture Conductivity (mD·ft)
0.00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Conductivity of each Fracture (mD·ft)
YELLOW POINT 3-1
0 250 500 750 1000Length (ft)
Dept
h (ft
)
Completion Optimization
Complex SystemComplex Planar
w/ FissuresComplex Planar
Planar w/ Fissures
Planar
Stress Differential
(σmax − σmin)0 2 4 6 10
Natural Fractures
0 SW SW HB HB HB2 SW HB HB HB CL4 HB HB HB CL CL8 HB HB CL CL CL
10 HB CL CL CL CL12 CL CL CL CL CL
SW = SlickWater HB = Hybrid CL = Crosslinked
Liquid Production
Fluid VolumeProppant Volume
Proppant Concentration
Fracture Density Brittleness
100% LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH 0
80% 2
60% 4
40% 6
20% 8
0% HIGH LOW LOW LOW 10
Barnett Bakken Eagle Ford Haynesville
Fluid System
Well Placement
Stimulation Validation
Production Analysis
Integrated Field Planning
CYPHER Service
Petroleum System Analysis
Basin Modeling Geochemistry Petrophysics
Earth Modeling
Geophysical Analysis
Asset Valuation and Planning
Static Earth Model
Drilling & Completion Engineering Fast Loop – Halliburton Owned
Data Management
Dynamic Integrated
Asset Model
Completion / Drilling Engineering
5000 5750 6500 7250 8000 8300
8200
8100
8000
7900
7800
7700
7600
7500
7400
7300Stress Profile
Closure Stress (psi)
Permeability
Low High
Fracture Conductivity (mD·ft)
0.00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Conductivity of each Fracture (mD·ft)
YELLOW POINT 3-1
0 250 500 750 1000Length (ft)
Dept
h (ft
)
Completion Optimization
Complex SystemComplex Planar
w/ FissuresComplex Planar
Planar w/ Fissures
Planar
Stress Differential
(σmax − σmin)0 2 4 6 10
Natural Fractures
0 SW SW HB HB HB2 SW HB HB HB CL4 HB HB HB CL CL8 HB HB CL CL CL
10 HB CL CL CL CL12 CL CL CL CL CL
SW = SlickWater HB = Hybrid CL = Crosslinked
Liquid Production
Fluid VolumeProppant Volume
Proppant Concentration
Fracture Density Brittleness
100% LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH 0
80% 2
60% 4
40% 6
20% 8
0% HIGH LOW LOW LOW 10
Barnett Bakken Eagle Ford Haynesville
Fluid System
Well Placement
Stimulation Validation
Production Analysis
Integrated Field Planning
CYPHER Service
Petroleum System Analysis
Basin Modeling Geochemistry Petrophysics
Earth Modeling
Geophysical Analysis
Asset Valuation and Planning
Static Earth Model
Earth Modeling Workflow
Geologic Modeling
Geophysical Modeling
Advanced Petrophysical Analysis
Advanced Facies Distribution
Eagle Ford Model Mapping Brittleness Index
EFFECTIVELY USING THE EARTH MODEL Well Placement and Fracture Design
Fracture growth will vary depending upon the mechanical properties and the initiation point: Height Length Conductivity
A Geologic Earth Model can be used to capture all key reservoir attributes to understand fracture growth behavior
A Geologic Earth Model can be used to capture all key reservoir attributes to understand fracture growth behavior
Fracture growth will vary depending upon the mechanical properties and the initiation point: Height Length Conductivity
Drilling (Sperry/HDBS)
Drilling Fluids
Cementing
Completion Tools
Wireline / Perforating
Pinnacle
Stimulation
Drilling (Sperry/HDBS)
Drilling Fluids
Cementing
Completion Tools
Wireline / Perforating
Pinnacle
Stimulation
Coiled Tubing (delta)
$8,425,000.00
$4,175,000.00 8.2 MMscf/d
4.5 MMscf/d
Ref. SPE 132990
Getting the Well in The Right Place
Coiled Tubing (delta)
Improved Well Placement Providing Improved Contact with
High Quality Reservoir
RGD Confidential – Aug 8, 2012
The Optimization Workflow – Completion Design
Iteration
Sensitivity and
Uncertainty Eff Perm Frac Length Frac Width Frac Spacing
Optimized Well Design Optimized Well Spacing
FRAC LENGTH
FRAC CONDUCTIVITY
SYSTEM PERMEABILITY
Frac Length
MatrixPerm (nD)
Frac Conductivity
Data Relationships
The Optimization Workflow – Calibration
Iteration
Production History
Matching
Production Data
Calibrated Design Tools
Effective Perm Effective Porosity Mech Properties
Fracture Gradient Closure Stress Fracture Length Fracture Conductivity
Production
Well Placement – Field
Cypher™ - Summary
Creates a collaborative environment and multi-discipline cooperation
Focuses on reservoir understanding Moves from costly and time consuming trial and error
techniques into computer modeling solutions to expedited learning
Continuously updated models enable engineers and geoscientists to make better decisions
CypherTM is a workflow that continuously narrows the scope of uncertainty for shale developments.