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The importance of Barnstable Village as the administrative center for the developing region was established in 1685, with the division of the Plymouth Colony and the creation of Barnstable County. Barnstable Village was selected as the county seat for the new area. For the first 100 years, land, and the governing of the town, was held in a "Proprietorship" system, having been given to the first comers. The division of common lands began in 1697, and most of the land was divided by 1725. The Native Americans remained on the land, but their numbers dwindled. By 1795, the proprietorship system of governing gave way to the Town Meeting form of government.

A History of Barnstable Barnstable's diverse environmental settings and rich natural resource base -- its coastal salt marshes, 66 miles of shoreline, and fresh water ponds, along with its well-drained sandy soils and moderate terrain -- attracted human settlement for over 10,000 years. Man's interaction with this unique environment has shaped Barnstable's cultural landscape and its community character. Pre European: The record of Barnstable's earliest prehistoric inhabitants is preserved in archaeological sites scattered throughout the town. These archaeological sites indicate that Barnstable was inhabited by Native Americans from the end of the Ice Age (Paleo-Indian Period, 12,550 - 10,000 years ago) to the time of 17th-century European exploration contact (Protohistoric/Contact Period, 450 - 300 years ago). Sites indicate that early indigenous people roamed the land and sea coast, hunting game and gathering shell and fin fish. Later, permanent agricultural and fishing villages developed in the woodlands and along the sandy shores. These settlements and tribal bands formed a complex system of trails, cultural relationships and trading throughout southeastern Massachusetts.

Over those 100 proprietorship years, the town grew to a population of 2,108 and was changing rapidly for that period of time. Route 6A, originally a Wampanoag trail, was designated as the first County Road. Agricultural settlement concentrated on the north side of town, while the south side of the town, known as the "South Sea Land", saw shipping and warehousing on Lewis Bay and shell fishing in Cotuit. Limited industrial development, consisting of grist and woolen mills, occurred in Barnstable Village, West Barnstable, and Marstons Mills. By 1750, the maritime industries, centered on Lewis Bay and Barnstable Harbor, dominated the town. Cotuit and Osterville became the local areas for oyster fishing in the bays. European Settlement 1630-70:

European settlement of Barnstable began in the late 1630's, with the first settlers locating on the fertile land on the north side of town at what is now Barnstable Village. The town was formally established in 1639 with perhaps only 13 families forming the parish of Rev. John Lothrop. The first town meetinghouse was constructed in 1648 on Lothrop Hill.

Historic Development Patterns of Barnstable Settlement Pattern 1850 By 1850, development within the town had established linear patterns along Route 6A and along the early crossroads of Church Street in West Barnstable, Sea Street in Hyannis and to a lesser degree in spotted areas along Phinney's Lane in Centerville and West Main Street in Hyannis. By this time, clusters of developed areas also established the village centers, which in 1850 numbered eleven and included Pondsville, Cotuit Port, Cotuit Highland (High Ground) and Hyannis Port. Settlement clusters are noticeable at each of the rail stations and the major seaports of that era.

The relationship between the early settlers and the Native Americans was peaceful. Lands for settlements were either purchased or bartered. The first land purchase in 1644, from the native Serunk, is today West Barnstable Village, the second, in 1648, from Nepoyetum, is Barnstable Village, the third, from Sachem Paupmumuck in 1648, obtained the land from Centerville to Cotuit, and the forth, from Sachem Yanno in 1664, is today's Hyannis and Hyannis Port.

1856 - H.F. Walling, 1856 Map of the Town of Barnstable Settlement Pattern 1940

By 1940, development had spread outwards from Hyannis and along the south coast in the areas of Hyannis Port, Centerville and Early Growth 1670-1800

Town of Barnstable 2007 Comprehensive Plan

Section 6 Heritage Preservation Inventory 1

The 1990 map shows the extent of present development within the town. The village centers are no longer recognizable as separate settlement entities, as development has spread throughout all sections of the town. Much of the land that remains undeveloped is due, in large part, to publicly held land and to unusable wetlands. Most of the larger areas remaining for development exist in the villages of Barnstable, West Barnstable, and Marstons Mills. The other villages contain only isolated areas for new development, and scattered sites for infill and redevelopment in the future.

Osterville. The north side of the town remained relatively similar to early years with only slight expansion at rail station and along Route 6A. Development has linked Santuit with Cotuit Port and the Highland (High Ground) along Main Street. Hyannis' radial pattern emanates from the rail station and Main Street. The settlement patterns also depict initial development of golf courses and the airport. Overall growth patterns still follow early roads especially South County and Craigville Roads.

1942 - U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Map 1988 - Town of Barnstable Air Photos Settlement Pattern 1960

By 1960, major changes had occurred in the development patterns of the town. With the dominance of the private automobile, development of the town was spurred by the construction of the Mid Cape Highway to Route 132. Development occurred along the shores of Wequaquet Lake and along the roads to Centerville. Development in Hyannis continues to spread radially outwards and along Routes 28 and 132. The other villages show continuous infilling and spread of development. Recreational golf courses continue to be developed as do other major land uses including the Cape Cod Airport and the Barnstable Fairgrounds.

Maritime Growth 1800-1860 The later years of the 1700's and early 1800's saw the formation of many of the town's village centers, as noted by the establishment of post offices in Barnstable Village (1793), West Barnstable (1816), Cotuit (1821), Osterville (1822), Hyannis Port (1826), Marstons Mills (1828), and Centerville (1834). The population of the town in 1810 was 3,646. Barnstable prospered, grew, and matured as a society during the mid 1800's. A lighthouse for navigation into Barnstable Harbor (1826), and the Custom House (1855), for registration of ships and clearing foreign vessels for loading and unloading, were constructed. In 1830, the first town-wide newspaper,

1962 - Town of Barnstable Generalized Land Uses Map

The Barnstable Patriot , was published, and the first bank, Barnstable Savings Bank, was established. The railroad extended across Barnstable in the summer of 1854, with stations being located in West Barnstable and Hyannis.

Settlement Pattern 1980 The 1980 pattern shows the filling in of development between the village of Hyannis and Centerville, development along Route 132 and expansion into the Industrial Park area. The Mid-Cape Highway has been completed through the town. Marstons Mills begins to show initial signs of growth along major roads and in areas of its freshwater ponds. The northern half of the town, although mostly undeveloped, has grown in the areas surrounding the village centers, in Cummaquid and in the Barnstable Harbor Area. Spot development can also be seen along and adjacent to Route 28.

Rail and Beginning Tourism 1860-1900 By 1860, the population of the town had grown to 5,129. In the latter half of the century following the Civil War, there was a dramatic change and maturing as a town. Libraries were established, in Centerville (1864), Hyannis (1865), West Barnstable (1905), Barnstable Village (1867), Osterville (1873), Cotuit (1885), and Marstons Mills (1891). Education grew in importance with the first High School graduation in 1883, and the opening of the Normal School in 1896.

1977 - U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Map

Settlement Pattern 1990



The economics of Barnstable also changed. Salt production from sea water declined; whaling had peaked in the 1840's and was declining in importance; cranberry growing as an industry began in 1874; and in 1878, the West Barnstable Brick Company opened. The period also saw the initiation of land development for tourists and recreation. Tourism began in 1872 with the first summer meeting and vacation at Craigville by the Christian Camp Meeting Association, and followed with land development companies in Hyannis (1872), Wianno (1873), and later at Oyster Island (1891). Golf, a fashionable recreation pursuit at the time, was established by clubs and courses at Cummaquid and Hyannis Port in 1895-96. The late nineteenth century development of the south side coast intensified with the growing popularity of seaside resorts. The period also gave rise to the development of summer estates on Osterville's Grand Island (Oyster Harbors). The town's seven villages came into existence in 1894, with the division of the town into voting precincts. Today, the village lines are still based upon those traditional precincts of Hyannis, Centerville, Osterville, Cotuit, Marstons Mills, West Barnstable and Barnstable. In Hyannis, the most populous village, a fire district was formed to protect the inhabitants (1897). The railroad served the growing north side villages of West Barnstable and Barnstable Village and the south village of Hyannis. It ensured Hyannis' continued growth as the primary local and regional center. The resort boom, coupled with the continued growth of Hyannis as a regional commercial center, was expanded by the establishment of Route 28 as a primary east-west automobile corridor in the 20th century. Growth as a Regional Center 1900-1945 By the turn of the century, Barnstable, and especially the village area of Hyannis, had become the economic and most populous center of Cape Cod. The first twenty years of the century were difficult times for the townspeople as the industrial and economic base continued to change. By 1920, the town's population decreased to 4,836.

However, the next 20 years saw resurgence in growth, especially in the tourist industry. The popularity of the automobile brought prosperity following World War I, and the population of the town grew to 8,333 by 1940. This growth brought change. The Cape Cod Hospital was established (1920); the Cape Cod Chamber of Commerce (1921); Fire Districts were created in all the other village centers; a Town Planning Board was established (1929), and the existing small private air field was sold to the town for a Municipal Airport (1935). Electrification was underway across the Town along with roadway improvements. Age of the Automobile 1945-70 Intensive post-World War II development of Barnstable continued stimulated by completion in the 1950's of the Mid-Cape Highway (Route 6), which extended from the Sagamore Bridge to Route 132 in Barnstable and in later years extended to the lower Cape. Recreational and cultural pursuits blossomed. Historic societies were established in the villages and the Cape Cod Conservatory of Music and Art (1956), and the Music Circus (Melody Tent) (1950) initiated activities. By 1950 the tourists and summer residents dominated the economic picture. The period also saw philanthropic giving from some of the more prominent residents. Herbert T. Kalmus, co-inventor of Technicolor, donated a total of 40 acres of land, fronting Lewis Bay and the Outer Harbor in 1947-50, which became Kalmus Beach and Park. Sidney and Mary Kirkman bequeathed $1.5 million to the town for maintenance of cemeteries and other town properties (1954). In 1949, the Kennedy family donated $150,000 for the construction of the Kennedy Memorial Skating Rink in memory of Lieutenant Joseph Kennedy, Jr. It was also during this period that the town undertook major renewal in rebuilding and expansion of its schools. The decade of the 1960's was a unique time for Barnstable, beginning with the establishment of President John F. Kennedy's "Summer White House" (the Kennedy Compound) in Hyannis Port. The decade also saw the opening of the Cape Cod Community College in 1961; the establishment and initial construction of



Independence Industrial Park in 1965; and the establishment of the YMCA in Hyannis in l966, and later its move to West Barnstable in 1989.

Unique Areas

1. East End Hyannis 38. Grand Island (Oyster Harbors) 2. West End Hyannis 39. Wianno 3. Main Street Hyannis 40. Little River The 1970's were ushered in with a construction boom in the housing

industry and the opening of the Cape Cod Mall. The construction boom initiated the suburban division of land, and the Mall introduced strip commercial development. To Barnstable, and especially Hyannis, the strip commercial pattern drew investment from the traditional downtown area. Further strip development along the Route 132 and Route 28 corridors aggravated the situation.

4. Glenmere 41. Cotuit Port 5. Fish Hills 42. Cotuit Highlands (High ground) 6. Kalmus 43. Rushy Marsh 7. Sea Street 44. Poponesset (Crocker Neck) 8. Hyannis Port 45. Cotuit Village Center 9. West Hyannis Port 46. Santuit 10. The Avenues 47. Newtown 11. Squaw Island 48. Putnam

The 1970 population of the town was just under 20,000 persons. By 1980, it had grown 55% - totaling 30,898. This rapid growth required the maturing of the town in terms of services and needs. Radio, television and newsprint expanded, housing for the elderly was built, new schools where erected, and the town expanded its services and infrastructure.

12. West Hyannis 49. Marstons Mills Village Center 13. North Hyannis 50. Prince Cove 14. Routes 132 & 28 51. The Mills 15. Independence Park 52. Shubael Pond 16. Hathaway's Pond 53. The Ponds 17. Shallow Pond 54. Timberland

18. Shootflying Hill 55. Hamblin's Plain Today, Barnstable is a resort and retirement community, a regional commercial and service center, and the county seat of Barnstable County. Its year-round population of 41,000 is estimated to expand by an additional 25,000 seasonal residents.

19. Wequaquet Heights 56. West Barnstable Village Center 20. Phinney's Neighborhood 57. Cedar Street 21. Wequaquet Yacht Club 58. Honey Bottom 22. Skunknet 59. Scorton Hill 23. Centerville Highlands 60. Sandy Neck 24. Long Pond 61. Beach Point Unique Areas of Growth and Development 25. Centerville River 62. Church Street This section identifies areas of Barnstable which have unique

identities and composition in terms of location and sense of place, housing, development density and historic growth trends, and neighborhood associations. Several sources and town residents assisted in this identification.

26. Centerville Village Center 63. Proctor's Crossing 27. Bumps River 64. Garretts Pond 28. Covells Beach 65. Old Jail Lane 29. Craigville 66. Pond Village 30. Short Beach 67. Lothrop Hill

The identity of these 74 areas is rooted in the historic growth and development. These are distinct locations within established community patterns. These 74 unique areas within the seven villages can serve as a tool that can be used to identify sense of place, community character, key architectural features and cultural landscapes. These features can in turn be used to develop design guidelines for future development and serve as a basis for future study and preservation efforts.

31. Long Beach 68. Barnstable Village Center 32. Tower Hill 69. Common Fields 33. East Bay 70. Barnstable Harbor 34. Osterville Village Center 71. Cobb's Hill 35. Seapuit 72. Flint Rock 36. Osterville Harbor 73. Dimmock's Great Lot 37. Little Island 74. Cummaquid



1. East End Hyannis One of the oldest sections of Hyannis oriented to Hyannis Inner Harbor and the central business district. Originally residential, sections have undergone changes to commercial, professional offices and multi-family. Development and growth in this neighborhood are dominated by the year round central business district, Hyannis Harbor and the Cape Cod Hospital which is located on the eastern edge of the area. The area's historic buildings provide some of the best examples of the diversity of architectural styles found on Cape Cod. The residential areas have an identifiable small town image in the streetscape and home layouts. The area is predominantly permanent year-round residents and diversified in population mix. 2. West End Hyannis This older section of Hyannis is oriented to Hyannis central business district. Originally residential, the section along Main Street has undergone change to seasonal commercial; however, more recent trends have been toward year-round business and professional offices. The area has undergone some of its most dramatic redevelopment during the last 20 years. Dense single and multi-family housing dominates the residential areas. 3. Main Street Hyannis Main Street Hyannis is the central downtown area of the village and town. Its unique character is centered on the traditional commercial retail hub - Main Street - municipal government on the Green, and commercial, office and institutional uses along North and South Streets. It has been undergoing rehabilitation and renewal. Main Street is tightly lined with commercial buildings and some older "Captains' Homes" which have been converted to retail use. South Street has retained, for the most part, a residential texture, although most buildings are used for office or institutional purposes. North Street, although dominated by parking lots, has some newer retail structures. 4. Glenmere Located just south of Hyannis Main Street commercial district, this neighborhood is one of the year-round residential communities of Hyannis. The inner town location makes it a favorite neighborhood

for local workers and retirees. The homes are generally large, attractive and architecturally distinguished. 5. Fish Hills One of the oldest sections of Hyannis village Fish Hills overlooks the inner and outer harbors of Hyannis. Originally oriented to seafaring, it has developed into one of the more exclusive residential areas within the village of Hyannis. Its major assets are its harbor side location and proximity to the central business district. 6. Kalmus One of the seaside neighborhoods of Hyannis now an area of single-family year-round and seasonal homes. It is generally low lying with an identifiable seaside landscape character. The area's waterfront has been developed. Some dwellings have blocked traditional views to the outer harbor and Nantucket Sound. 7. Sea Street This unique section of Hyannis links the downtown with Nantucket Sound and Sea Street Beach. It also links Hyannis via a coastal roadway to Hyannis Port. It has a large number of seasonal and rental housing. The buildings are generally large homes, many with distinctive architectural and historic details. 8. Hyannis Port Hyannis Port is one of the oldest neighborhoods and communities along the south coast. Its unique large homes, seaside setting and village atmosphere has made it one of the best known areas. Residentially it is mixed seasonal and permanent. It is characterized by rectangular lots graced with large homes fronting on tree-lined streets which gives a traditional image to the area. 9. West Hyannis Port An identifiable segment of Hyannis Port located inland along Craigville Beach Road, linking Hyannis Port and Centerville. It is developed with smaller homes on treed lots. Its major landscape feature is the Hyannis Port Golf Course. 10. The Avenues



This is a unique segment of town identifiable by its grid tree-named streets and numbered avenues. It is characterized by small lots and modest homes with streets orientated to the seacoast.

16. Hathaway's Pond Located north of the populated centers of Hyannis and Centerville, at the juncture of Route 132 and the Mid Cape Highway is the Hathaway's Pond area. The area is currently lightly developed but recent pressure for commercial and multi-family development is occurring. The area's greatest features are its ponds and the Iyanough Hills Golf Course.

11. Squaw Island A peninsula community linked to the mainland by a beach causeway, this hill crest neighborhood is distinguished by large and exclusive homes. Views from the hillside encompass Nantucket Sound and the marsh vistas west of Hyannis Port.

17. Shallow Pond A relatively new area of high density multi and single-family homes developed in the 1950's. This area surrounds Shallow Pond and borders Route 132 and Phinney's Lane. Some business, office and institutional uses occur along those major routes.

12. West Hyannis West Hyannis is strung along West Main Street Hyannis and is a moderate to densely developed area of town except for those areas along West Main Street and Route 28 which are high density multi-family residential.

18. Shootflying Hill Although this neighborhood has only been developed within the last fifty years, its importance dates back to the early history of the town when Native Americans shot birds as they flew overhead. Its dominating feature and asset is the high ground, providing panoramic views across Wequaquet Lake, Bearses Pond and Shallow Pond.

13. North Hyannis This is a relatively new section of development within Hyannis. It is moderately high in development density with predominantly single-family, year-round residences.

14. Routes 132 & 28 This is the newest commercial area, developed in the 1960's, and contains numerous shopping malls, hotels and major office uses. Its pattern of development can be classified as suburban strip commercial with expansive parking lots fronting on the streets, limited landscaping, and numerous curb cuts and signs.

19. Wequaquet Heights This is an area of two peninsulas, known as Nye’s Neck and Huckins’ Neck, located between Wequaquet Lake, Bearses Pond and Shallow Pond. The narrow peninsulas provide a unique setting for the densely developed neighborhood. 20. Phinney's Neighborhood 15. Independence Park An area of old and new development, it contains a mixture of large and small lot development. Development oriented toward is to Wequaquet Lake and Phinney's Lane.

This large area, predominantly of industrial use is located north of the populated center of Hyannis between Route 132 and the Mid Cape Highway. It includes the Municipal Airport and much of the publicly held land is owned by the Barnstable Water Company which maintains most of its wells within the area.

21. Wequaquet Yacht Club An established inland lake side community with both seasonal and year-round residents, Wequaquet Lake and the yacht club form the functional components of this area.

The area is high ground, generally well vegetated, and provides sweeping views to Nantucket Sound. It is relatively new in its texture of development. The development is located along Independence Drive and within scattered back lots; however the bulk of the private industrial land remains undeveloped.

22. Skunknet



Craigville is a seaside, seasonal community located along Craigville Beach and the hilly area overlooking the beach. It also contains the landlocked Red Lily Pond and Lake Elizabeth as its dominate features. This historic community, originally known as the Christian Camp Meeting Association, located on the hill overlooking Craigville Beach, was the first vacation community in Barnstable. It is characterized by small roadways and paths, lined with cottages and group quarters.

A densely developed residential inland area, the area's name is taken from an old river channel which once linked and drained ponds and wetlands located along Oak Street into Bumps River. 23. Centerville Highlands This is an area of recent development comprising mostly single family homes. The rolling hills and heavily wooded forests with scattered cranberry bogs identify the community.

30. Short Beach 24. Long Pond A small area of Centerville located on the Centerville River and Main Street, Short Beach is characterized by its wetland, estuary marshes. The homes are concentrated along the higher ground and overlook the marsh lands.

An older area of modest homes surrounding Long Pond, most of the development is built on the sloped sides around the pond. 25. Centerville River The Centerville River forms the backbone and is the most dominant feature of this community. Its location, with easy access into Hyannis and recreational assets along the south coast, makes it an ideal year-round community.

31. Long Beach Long Beach is an extension of Craigville Beach onto an isolated sand barrier beach separating the Centerville River from Nantucket Sound. The area is densely developed mostly with second homes. 26. Centerville Village Center

The historic central area of Centerville is characterized by its small village image of white clapboard homes on relatively small lots by today's standards. Its Main Street has relatively low commercial use but supports village services of fire, library, recreation and religious worship. Most of the buildings are historic in nature and were built as sea captains' homes.

32. Tower Hill Located inland from Osterville village center, this broad neighborhood is a composite of old and newer development. 33. East Bay East Bay is a unique waterfront neighborhood of Osterville. Generally large homes, picturesque streets and views to the water dominate the neighborhood.

27. Bumps River The area known as Bumps River is dominated by Bumps River, Scudder Bay and scattered cranberry bogs. The area is predominantly single family residences.

34. Osterville Village Center The village center of Osterville is a densely developed neighborhood of single, townhouse and multi-family as well as apartment dwellings closely compacted around the central business street, Main Street. The village is comprised largely of retired residents.

28. Covells Beach A neighborhood adjacent to West Hyannis Port, this distinct area of the town is located and oriented to Nantucket Sound. It was originally sparsely settled, but over recent years infill development has occurred. It is predominantly comprised of large, single family dwellings.

35. Seapuit Seapuit is a relatively new area of development although several sections date back to the early settlement of Osterville. 36. Osterville Harbor 29. Craigville



The low lying area forming the southernmost tip of the village of Cotuit and centered on Rushy Marsh Pond. The area has undergone significant development in recent years.

Osterville's harbor area is located just off Bridge Street and contains the Crosby Boat Yards and town landings. The area's orientation to the harbor makes it a desirable location.

44. Poponesset (Crocker Neck) 37. Little Island A peninsula neighborhood isolated by Fullers Marsh, Pinquickset Cove and Shoestring Bay from the central land area of Cotuit, it is sparsely developed.

Along Bridge Street, Little Island sets the entrance to Grand Island. It is an area of predominantly newer large homes.

38. Grand Island (Oyster Harbors) Osterville Grand Island, historic Oyster Harbors, is an exclusive island located on Nantucket Sound and surrounded by Cotuit Bay, North Bay and West Bay. The island is the home of some of Barnstable's most prominent summer residents. The homes are generally located near the water's edge with the center of the island developed as a golf course and private open space.

45. Cotuit Village Center The village center neighborhood is formed by the east/west corridor of School Street. The street is generally lined with fine large homes on attractive lots. Beyond that, simpler more modest homes exist. The village center, although dominating in residential use does provide those necessary services, post office, places of worship, fire protection, and a few places of business. 39. Wianno

The neighborhood of Wianno is a residential seaside area. The central dominating landscapes include the open golf course and dense forested lands. The ocean edge is lined with large homes and estates; many are outstanding examples of the Queen Anne style of architecture.

46. Santuit The historic center of Santuit, located northward of Cotuit Village center along Main Street is still identifiable today. It is a relatively small area situated along the Santuit River and consists predominantly of single family homes. Offices and home business dominate along and just off Main Street and Route 28. 40. Little River

This area, centered on Little River and Cotuit Bay, is a very low density development consisting of large multi-acreage lots.

47. Newtown The area of Newtown is situated northward of Cotuit and adjacent to the Town of Mashpee. The area is dominated by a series of ponds and bogs.

41. Cotuit Port

This is an older and historically important area of the village center of Cotuit. Its sloping site to Cotuit Harbor is the dominating attribute of the area.

48. Putnam Although this is an historic area of the town, much of the development is relatively recent. Its outlying location near Cotuit village center and proximity to Route 28, Marstons Mills and Prince Cove has led to its popularity and development.

42. Cotuit Highlands (High ground) Another historically important area of development, this area is located south of the village center. It has relatively high density of development with many older homes and generally a grid pattern of streets running to Cotuit Bay.

49. Marstons Mills Village Center The small old center core of the village of Marstons Mills is an attractive simple setting of homes and businesses along tree lined narrow roadways.

43. Rushy Marsh



57. Cedar Street 50. Prince Cove This area of West Barnstable is situated along the moraine and generally slopes toward the Great Marshes. It is relatively new in its development and is dominated by the varying topography.

Relatively low density developed neighborhood located south of Route 28 and forming the junction between Marstons Mills, Osterville and Cotuit, it is noted for varying topography and is Marstons Mills only waterfront area. 58. Honey Bottom

Located at the base of Scorton Hill, this bowl-like depression was identifiable to early settlers by a ring of evergreens surrounding the area. It is sparsely developed and is bisected by the railroad tracks. The depression is now filled in by development.

51. The Mills This is a relatively new area of development adjacent to the village center of Marstons Mills. This area has a few select bogs and is heavily wooded.

59. Scorton Hill 52. Shubael Pond An historic area of the town situated at the western-most edge of Barnstable adjacent to +Sandwich, the neighborhood gently slopes toward the Great Marshes. Most homes take advantage of the views across the marshes to Sandy Neck and Cape Cod Bay.

The area is named for its location and orientation to Shubael and Round Ponds. 53. The Ponds The Ponds is a new area of low density development centered on Mystic Lake, Middle Pond, Hamblin's Pond and the many cranberry bogs scattered along the Marstons Mills River. Water, bogs, rolling hills and wooded character make this area attractive.

60. Sandy Neck A sand dune coastal barrier beach area and the Great Marshes, it is a dynamic and unique area of vegetation and habitat. The entire length of Sandy Neck is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

54. Timberland

The high grounds rising to the Mid Cape Highway from Race lane comprise this neighborhood. The area was a relatively open, low density development site until recently. It is now predominantly scattered cluster development within the many rolling and richly vegetated hills.

61. Beach Point A group of summer cottages isolated at the outermost end of Sandy Neck, the area's primary features are Beach Point Lighthouse and The Cove. The cottages are oriented towards Barnstable Harbor and are only accessible by boat across Barnstable Harbor or by traversing 6 miles of narrow beach trails.

55. Hamblin's Plain This is the area north of Hamblin's Pond between West Barnstable and Marstons Mills along Route 149. This area was once a large flat expanse of land inhabited by the Hamblin family, hence its name. Once the site of the Barnstable County Fair, the area is now comprised of the town-owned Olde Barnstable Fairgrounds Golf Course and the Cape Cod Airport, a private airfield.

62. Church Street A relatively older, lightly developed section of West Barnstable, sloping from the Mid Cape Highway to the Great Marshes, this area is dotted by numerous ponds, bogs and wetland areas.

63. Proctor's Crossing This is the historic name for the intersection of Route 6A and the railroad crossing at Bridge Creek just east of the Village Center. This area is characterized by its open fields and wetlands.

56. West Barnstable Village Center The historic village proper of West Barnstable is a developed mix of commercial, office, institutional and residential uses. Its center is defined by the union of historic Route 6A and scenic Route 149.



64. Garretts Pond The area is centered about Garretts Pond and Brickyard Creek. It is lightly to moderately developed due to environmental capacity. 65. Old Jail Lane A land-locked area of town which has recently seen significant development. The easterly side of the neighborhood, bounded by Phinney's Lane, is mixed residential in use. The west side, centered in the Old Jail Lane area, is predominantly single family residential. A large part of this area is now town-owned conservation land. 66. Pond Village Centered just north of Hinckley Pond, aka Coggin's, Pond and the railroad overpass on Route 6A, this historic neighborhood is relatively densely developed. Its topography is rolling with housing concentrated along Route 6A, although scattered dwellings exist along the narrow side roads and deeply tucked into forested back lots. 67. Lothrop Hill Lothrop Hill is the area near and adjacent to Lothrop Hill Cemetery located on a gradual incline just west of the village center. It is a unique area, offering an attractive view from Route 6A of large homes abutting the roadway. Some of these homes have been converted to elegant bed and breakfasts and others operate home occupations during the summer months. 68. Barnstable Village Center The historic center of the village, this area is densely developed and contains the county government buildings and a small active commercial core. It is the oldest commercial area in the Town of Barnstable having been the location of numerous taverns and inns which sprang up around the county courthouses. Today the area is predominantly comprised of year-round residences and businesses. 69. Common Fields Common Fields was originally used by fisherman to dry their nets. It is also called Cobb's Village. In the late 1800's it was developed by George Cobb as a summer colony with small cabins and has subsequently evolved into a mix of year-round and summer

residences. Its straight, narrow street pattern emanates from Commerce Road and ends at Barnstable Harbor. Its seaside character is exemplified through its architecture and sparse, ground-hugging vegetation. 70 Barnstable Harbor Barnstable Harbor was the first seaport in the town. It is unique in that most uses and its development style reflect a working harbor. Many of the structures are relatively massive, having originated for boating and fishing uses but today have been converted to non-traditional marina activities such as offices and restaurants. 71. Cobb's Hill Located on the high ground overlooking Maraspin Creek and Cobb's Village, it is an older area of development, once having been used as the site of the Barnstable Fairgrounds, and the U.S. Custom House / Post Office. The area still portrays the past beauty and simplicity of the area. Although it is predominantly single family residences, it does provide for multifamily and apartment dwellings. 72. Flint Rock A relatively newer neighborhood of residential development located south of Cobb's Hill, the area name is drawn from Flint Rock Road which once linked Barnstable Village Center and Flintrock Pond. It is a rolling highland area that is heavily vegetated. 73. Dimmock's Great Lot Dimmock's Great Lot is the historic name given to this area located along Route 6A between Cummaquid and Cobb's Hill. The name is derived from an early settler of this area - Thomas Dimmock. Dimmock owned this large tract of land during the 1600's. It was subsequently divided by his heirs and sold to later settlers. The Barnstable County Farm is located within this neighborhood. 74. Cummaquid Cummaquid is the eastern portion of Barnstable village. Although deeply rooted in the historic development of Barnstable, it did not experience growth until the 1950s. In 1895, the first golf course in Barnstable was located in this area. Today it is a moderately



densely developed community of both permanent and seasonal residences.

Aunt Hatch's Lane Old Post Road, Cotuit & Marstons Mills Bay Lane Old Shore Road

Bone Hill Road Old Stage Road Bridge Street Osterville-West Barnstable Road Scenic Roads Bumps River Road Parker Road In 1983 the Town, through the enactment of General Ordinance

Chapter 180 "Scenic Roads" implemented the 1973 Massachusetts Scenic Roads Act in Barnstable. This Ordinance allowed for the identification, nomination and designation of certain roadways as having special characteristics and deserving of protection as Scenic Roads. To date the town has designated sixty-two (62) roadways as Scenic Roads.

Cedar Street Phinney's Lane Church Street Pine Lane Commerce Road Pine Street, Hyannis & Centerville Craigville Beach Road Pine Street, W. Barnstable East Bay Road Plum Street Eel River Road Putnam Avenue Farmersville Road Race Lane Freezer Road Rendezvous Lane The Scenic Roadways vary greatly in length. The shortest is Old

Shore Road measuring only 1,500 feet in length, the longest is that portion of historic Route 6A, the Old King's Highway measuring 8.43 miles that is within the Town of Barnstable. Some of the Scenic Roads date back to trail-ways of the local Indian inhabitants, others were cart-ways that linked the first settlers to each other and to the sea.

Fuller Road River Road Great Marsh Road Route 149 High Street Route 6A, Old King's Highway Hyannis Road Santuit-Newtown Road Keveney Lane School Street, Cotuit Lewis Bay Road School Street, Marstons Mills Main Street, Cotuit Scudder Avenue, Hyannisport

Main Street, Osterville Scudder Lane, Barnstable These Scenic Roads not only represent attractive and historically important ways within the town, but also provide links to open space, historical sites and conservation lands. Travel along the Scenic Roads presents a capsule of the 350 year history of Barnstable and a field trip through a rich and varied natural environment.

Maple Street Sea Street Mary Dunn Road Sea View Avenue Mill Way Service Road Oak Street Shootflying Hill Road Old Barnstable-Falmouth Rd. South County Road

Old Kings Road South Main Street State Routes: Old Mill Road, Marstons Mills West Bay Road The designation of State Route 149 is a unique case for a state road. This state numbered route was designated by special state legislation. This legislation enables a state numbered route lying wholly within one town to be designated as a Scenic Road.

Old Mill Road, Osterville Wianno Avenue Old Neck Road Willow Street

Scenic Roadways

In 1992, state legislation also designated historic Route 6A, the Old King's Highway, as a Scenic Road. This addition will provide protection for that roadway and for the contiguous linkage as an historic leisure drive.

1) Service Road (C.C.) 4.73 miles Service Road (a.k.a. Access Road) is a hilly road that runs parallel to the Mid-Cape Highway (Route 6). The western portion, west of Route 149, is the northern border of the West Barnstable Conservation Area. Both portions of the road run past large areas of open space and provide views of the town and Nantucket Sound beyond. The eastern part of Service Road runs just north of

Scenic Roads

Main Street, Centerville Old Post Road, Centerville



Willow Street which runs southerly from Route 6A, now ends at the Mid-Cape Highway after crossing Cedar Street, but once continued on to Crooked Cartway, and has been known as Dexter Lane, Crocker Lane and Fish Lane. This street includes the site of Deacon William Crocker second Fortification House, the Jones gristmill, and eleven historic houses of various styles from the 18th and 19th centuries.

Shootflying Hill, the highest point on Cape Cod, and is also part of the Boston-Cape Cod Bikeway. 2) Cedar Street (H.C.) 1.82 miles This street follows the original Indian trail from Plymouth to Yarmouth. From Route 149 near the 1717 West Parish Meetinghouse, Cedar Street runs west, crossing Willow and Maple Streets, then connects with Great Marsh Road by the Barnstable-Sandwich town line. Several historic Cape-style homes are located along the road. It has diverse stands of trees where large farms and woodlots were once located. The western portion of the road was also named the "Berkshire-Cape Trail" and passes to the south of historic Scorton Hill.

6) Route 149 (P.B.) 4.77 miles A well traveled connector route, this historically and aesthetically valuable road, also called Meetinghouse Way and Prospect Street, begins at the intersection with Route 6A and runs southerly to the intersection with Route 28. Northside Cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located at the northern terminus. The cemetery contains the burial sites of several famous Barnstable residents such as Captain "Mad Jack" Percival. The area of Route 149 from Route 6A to the Mid-Cape Highway (Rte. 6) is known as the Meetinghouse Way National Historic District. The area was the center of West Barnstable Village and Route 149 passes by close to a dozen historical homes of the 18th- and 19th-centuries, as well as a meeting hall, library and the sites of several stores. The Makepeace Cranberry Industry Complex is located on the east side of the street. The complex, now a residence and shop, was originally owned by Abel D. Makepeace, the "Cape Cod Cranberry King". Just beyond the intersection with Lombard Avenue is the shingled, Queen Anne style Old Selectmen's Office which was built c. 1889 and was the first municipal building in Barnstable. Further down the road, at the corner of Route 149 and Church Street (designated as a Scenic Road) sits the 1717 West Parish Meetinghouse, a center of village interests throughout the 18th- and 19th-centuries. As it leaves the historic district, Route 149 crosses the Mid-Cape highway (Rte. 6) and enters a vast area of town conservation land which stretches all the way south to Race Lane, another Scenic Road. South of Race Lane, the land is more developed but there are still tracts of open space. Route 149 enters the center of Marstons Mills and runs past historic homes of the 19th century and the Marstons Mills Cemetery (c. late 1700's). At the southern terminus of Route 149 lies the pond where the first mill on Cape Cod for cloth (c. 1689) once stood. The mill was owned by

3) High Street (H.C.) .79 miles Wigwams of the local Indian tribes were still located on Scorton Hill in 1767 when this street was still being used by stagecoaches and foot travelers. It runs west from Route 6A at Bodfish Corner over the crown of the hill to the Sandwich town line where it is called Old County Road. The street is lined with the remains of old stone walls. Available from the road's highest point is a panoramic view of the Great Marshes, Sandy Neck (the summer encampment of many Native Americans), Cape Cod Bay and on a clear day the Provincetown Monument. The famous Captain "Mad Jack" Percival, Captain of the U.S.S. Constitution in the 1840's, was born on the south side of the hill by the historic Brazillai Weeks house. 4) Maple Street (H.C.) .69 miles Once named Bursley's Lane after a prominent local family, this street runs southerly from Route 6A to Cedar Street and includes among the six historic buildings along its way a former 19th-century district schoolhouse, a former Finnish prayer chapel, and an excellent example of a 19th-century French Second Empire style house. The street is lined with a variety of trees and, after the railroad crossing laid out in 1845, provides a scenic view of the Mill Pond on the east side. Several roads to working cranberry bogs branch off Maple Street to the west. 5) Willow Street (H.C.) 1.13 miles



Benjamin Marston and is partially responsible for giving Marstons Mills its name. 7) Church Street (H.C.) .87 miles Winding west from Parker Road to Route 149, Church Street was called the "New Road" when built c. 1793, along the way of ancient lanes. It is located in an area rich with the history of West Barnstable's first colonists such as the 1683 John Jenkins homestead, which is also the birthplace of Lemuel Shaw, the famous Chief Justice. It adjoins the John Jenkins Wildlife Reservation with its mature growth of native trees and the site of the 1790 Nathaniel Jenkins windmill is located on the south side of the road. Church Street then crosses historic Hinckley Lane where the first industries were started after 1639 in the "1776" Town conservation area. It passes by the northwestern end of Pine Street, the Raymond E. Gilman Square (WWII), Crocker Park and the monument at the site of the fortification house built by Deacon William Crocker in 1643. Church Street continues past several more historic houses and ends at the Scenic Road, Route 149, just across from the 1717 West Parish Meetinghouse. The street has several stone walls still standing and is lined with numerous varieties of trees. 8) Pine Street, West Barnstable (H.C.) .88 miles This street is shown on the 1858 and 1880 Barnstable County Atlases running west from Parker Road to Hinckley Lane. It now continues on to Church Street and is representative of the early rural history of West Barnstable. The 1741 Joseph Jenkins house, the 1770 Jenkins house section and the 1840 Cape-style Whelden-Jenkins House are located along the way. The latter two buildings are part of a large working farm bounded and divided by well-maintained ancient stone walls. A small pond is located to the east of Pine Street. 9) Parker Road (H.C.) .65 miles Parker Road, winding southwesterly from its intersection with Route 6A and Plum Street, was called the "New Road" when built c. 1793 along the way of an ancient lane to Church Street. It originally passed by Pine Street and continued on to Old Stage Road but now ends at the Mid-Cape Highway. Several historic two-story homes and a Cape-style farmhouse are located on this tree-lined road.

Along its length are stone walls, abandoned cranberry bogs, and working cranberry bogs, as well as overgrown fresh and salt marshes. Close by are the eastern bounds of the town's 100-acre "1776" conservation area. 10) Plum Street (H.C.) .87 miles Plum Street, which winds southerly to Oak Street, was once known as Garretts Lane. It starts at the intersection of Route 6A and Parker Road and passes by several historic properties including the former site of a Town Common for washing sheep, farmhouses with well-maintained stone walls and mowed fields, and old cranberry bogs. The street skirts the southwest end of Garrets Pond where there are remains of a pumping and irrigation system for the cranberry bogs. There is a scenic view of the tree-lined pond and stands of larger trees have formed canopies over the street, enhancing the panorama in the summer. 11) Oak Street (H.C.) 1.89 miles Oak Street, once called the Barnstable-Falmouth Road, runs from the intersection of Routes 132 and 6A, historically known as Jones Corner, over the Mid-Cape Highway into Centerville, to Old Stage Road where the "Town House" used from 1837 to 1926 is located. The northeastern portion of the road, once part of an Indian trail from Plymouth to Yarmouth, is the location of several historic Cape-style farmsteads with old stone walls. The road passes by the southeastern end of Garretts Pond and Clay Hill with its lookout tower, which once stood on the crown of Shootflying Hill. The view along the street is enhanced by stands of oak and fir trees. 12) Old Neck Road (H.C.) 1.02 miles total Old Neck Road runs south from Route 6A through the varying topography of the Sandwich Moraine. Wild, berry-producing plants and natural vegetation provide food and critical habitat areas for a variety of birds and animals such as pheasant, quail, deer and fox. Scenic vistas, including old stone walls, woodland dominated by a mixture of oak and pine with a scattering of American holly, and abundant wildlife, help retain the visual quality and some semblance of the rural character of the town. 13) Aunt Hatch's Lane (H.C.) .99 miles total



Aunt Hatch's Lane runs south from Route 6A through an area originally divided into woodlots by Barnstable's early settlers and more recently identified as a primary wildlife habitat and breeding refuge. The lane is bounded by large tracts of diverse upland containing abundant vegetation and browse which supports various species of birds, small game and deer. The town's recent acquisition of parcels bordering Aunt Hatch's Lane for preservation as open space helps to preserve the wildlife and strengthens the area's visual heritage and character. 14) Pine Lane (H.C.) .57 miles Bounded by stone walls and numerous wooded areas characterized by oak, pine and maple trees, Pine Lane runs southerly from Route 6A across the Cape Cod Railroad tracks. The first Barnstable County Courthouse, built c. 1686, was located at the northwest corner of Pine Lane and the County Road (Rte. 6A). Today this important historic site is protected by both conservation and preservation restrictions to help ensure its continued survival. The town's initial settlement occurred in the vicinity of Pine Lane creating significant historic resources which enhance the visual quality of this neighborhood. 15) Phinney's Lane (H.C.) 3.60 miles At one time a main street through the early center of Centerville and still a major connector road, Phinney's Lane is thought to be named for Solomon Phinney, a tavern keeper in the late 18th- and early 19th-century. Both Phinney's tavern and the former site of the South Congregational Church were located on the southern portion of the road near what is now Loomis Lane. Also found on the southern portion of the road, near its terminus at Main Street in Centerville, is the Ancient Cemetery (c. 1738) where many former Centerville residents are buried. Ending at the intersection with Hyannis Road, Phinney's Lane helped to connect Centerville with Barnstable and the Old King's Highway (Rte. 6A). 16) Hyannis Road (H.C.) .50 miles Detailed maps and atlases indicate that Hyannis Road served as an important connector between Barnstable Village, a major population center during the 17th- and 18th-centuries, and southern portions of the town, especially Hyannis. It also linked the south side of the

town with Mill Way and Barnstable Harbor as well as the Old King's Highway (Rte. 6A) and the Barnstable County Courthouse. Many of the historic houses along Hyannis Road, originally inhabited by businessmen, merchants or those employed in mercantile pursuits; reflect their owners' prosperity and affluence. Although heavily traveled, Hyannis Road remains a winding, tree-shaded street which has changed little over the last century. 17) Mill Way (H.C.) .60 miles Barnstable Village grew rapidly during the 1600's. Route 6A, originally a native trail, was designated a County Road in 1686 and served as the main roadway with a few secondary roads, including Mill Way, Hyannis Road and Pine Lane. Mill Way runs north from Route 6A to Barnstable Harbor and was, during the Colonial era, the way to a tidal gristmill located on what is now called Maraspin Creek. The historic homesteads lining Mill Way were built and occupied by seafaring men or those engaged in maritime activities, such as fishing, shipbuilding and coastal trading. Barnstable Harbor, once home to dozens of schooners and fast-sailing packets, is today a busy town marina. The historic assets, combined with the natural resources of this area - including the marshes, tidal creeks and beaches, with Sandy Neck and Cape Cod Bay beyond - enhance the unique visual qualities of Mill Way. 18) Commerce Road (H.C.) .85 miles Commerce Road runs easterly from Mill Way paralleling Maraspin Creek and the adjoining salt marshes then turns southward where it crosses the creek and joins Route 6A. A portion of the marsh and upland were given to the Massachusetts Audubon Society during the 1960's to further preserve this valuable wetland which provides habitats for wildlife and plant communities. During the mid-1800's vast saltworks were located north of Commerce Road along the shores of Barnstable Harbor in what is historically called the Common Fields. Commerce Road, linked with Mill Way and the Barnstable Harbor area, provides views of irreplaceable environmental systems and historic resources. 19) Keveney Lane (H.C.) .44 miles Barnstable's early settlement began on the north side of town focusing along the shoreline. Keveney Lane winds north from Route



6A to Mill Creek and Stoney Bridge (a.k.a. Keveney Lane Bridge). This bridge crosses the ancient dam built by the first settlers to enclose the southern part of the present Hallet's Mill Pond, appropriately called Stoney Cove. During the mid-17th century, John Gorham (1621-1672) owned a gristmill, landing place or wharf and tannery adjacent to Mill Creek. In addition to views of the Great Marshes, Barnstable Harbor and Sandy Neck from the road's northern terminus, Keveney Lane is bounded by numerous stone walls which surrounded planting fields, pastures and meadows associated with 18th-century farmsteads. The bridge and Mill Creek mark the boundary line between the towns of Barnstable and Yarmouth. 20) Mary Dunn Road (C.C.) 1.99 miles Shown on an 1858 map of the town, Mary Dunn Road ran from Route 6A in Barnstable to Route 28 in Hyannis. Construction of the Barnstable Municipal Airport removed the southern portion of the road and it now ends just north of the airport near Mary Dunn Pond, an area rich in rare flora and a habitat for wildlife. Originally an Indian trail, the road was named for Mary Dunn, a black woman who lived near the pond and had won her freedom by stowing away on a ship bound for Barnstable and gaining the aid of its Captain, an abolitionist. 21) Lewis Bay Road (H.C.) .33 miles The initial development of Hyannis occurred around the Inner Harbor. Numerous roadways were laid out along the shore including Lewis Bay Road which ran from Main Street to Lewis Bay, a deep-water seaport with regular packet service to all points along the eastern seaboard. Early 19th-century prosperity from fishing, salt-making, shipbuilding, and shipping stimulated growth in this area. Although some of the former captains' houses have been converted to offices, the area's historic, residential character, defined by 18th and 19th-century buildings, fences, trees, and landscaping, remains intact. 22) Sea Street (H.C.) .92 miles One of the first streets laid out in Hyannis (prior to 1853), Sea Street provided access to Hyannis Harbor with its saltworks and other maritime activities. Its 19th-century settlers were likely associated

with the sea, and several were noted packet captains and deep-water ship masters. Their dwellings which line the street were designed in such classic styles as Federal, Greek revival, Second Empire, Italianate and Queen Anne. The character of Sea Street is greatly enhanced by shade trees, hedges, stone and wood fences, and generous setbacks. 23) Scudder Avenue (H.C.) .96 miles Formerly known as Makepeace Road, Scudder Avenue runs from the West End Rotary in Hyannis to Dale Avenue in Hyannis Port. This heavily traveled connector retains much of its historic landscape which is largely characterized by homesteads associated with maritime and farming activities as well as many imposing late 19th-century estates. The mixture of Cape Cod style dwellings and larger seaside residences gives Scudder Avenue both a traditional appearance and a 19th-20th century resort character. 24) Craigville Beach Road (H.C.) 2.48 miles Laid out prior to 1858, this important artery runs from the traffic lights at Main and South Main Streets in Centerville southeasterly along Craigville Beach to its intersection with Scudder Avenue in Hyannis Port. Historically, the road joined the populous village center with the town wharf and shipyard on Centerville Harbor. Today, the outstanding features of this roadway are Craigville Beach, a 1000-foot strip of beach lined with wooden bathhouses and the Centerville (Chequaquet) River with its accompanying marsh and wetland vegetation. The historic Craigville Center, formed in 1872, and numerous summer cottages bordering the street add to the area's resort atmosphere. 25) South Main Street (C.C.) 1.52 miles Tree-lined South Main Street begins at Aaron Crosby Park in Centerville where it meets Main Street and Pine Street. The road runs southerly to the traffic lights at Main Street and Craigville Beach Road and then takes a more westerly turn to run parallel to the Centerville River and pass by marshlands, wetlands and several large seaside estates. At the southern terminus of South Main Street is the Centerville-Osterville Bridge from which can be seen beautiful wetland and marine vistas of Bumps River, Centerville River and Nantucket Sound.



26) Pine Street (C.C.) .85 miles Laid out prior to 1856, Pine Street is a major traffic connector running from Aaron Crosby Park in Centerville to busy West Main Street in Hyannis. The street is lined with pine and oak trees and many of the homes are bordered by stone and wooden fences. At the eastern terminus of Pine Street is one the numerous memorial squares that are scattered throughout Barnstable. 27) Main Street, Centerville (C.C.) 1.23 miles Aaron Crosby Park lies at the eastern terminus of Main Street in Centerville. The road then curves northerly past a scenic view of Long Pond. Main Street proceeds southerly and connects with Old Stage Road near Monument Square, where the town's Civil War Monument stands. The road runs towards the center of Centerville passing 19th- and 20th-century homes which reflect a variety of architectural styles. Also located along Main Street, in the village center, are the Centerville Historical Museum and the South Congregational Church with its small cemetery. The church was originally built on Phinney's Lane and then, in 1828, dismantled and moved to Main Street as the center of Centerville shifted. The church was remodeled in the Greek Revival style at about this time and gained a steeple, belfry and bell in 1848. Main Street ends at the traffic lights where it intersects with Craigville Beach Road and South Main Street. 28) Old Post Road, Centerville (H.C.) .50 miles Old Post Road runs northeast off Old Stage Road to Phinney's Lane, both of which were designated as Scenic Roads. Located at both ends of Old Post Road are clusters of historic buildings, with Beechwood Cemetery (established c.1855) adjacent to the northwestern terminus. Formerly known as Cemetery Road, a portion of the north side of the street is lined with large evergreen trees, rhododendron and hedges. Attractive American holly trees and other varieties of trees and natural vegetation also abut the roadway. 29) Old Stage Road (C.C.) 3.98 miles A well traveled road since the mid-19th century, Old Stage Road winds from the Mid-Cape Highway (Rte.6) to Main Street in

Centerville. Along the northern portion of the road, the land is less developed and the road passes old cranberry bogs, open space and tracts of town forestland. The Centerville portion of the road has historically been more developed. At the intersection with Oak Street is the old "Town House" and south of Route 28, Old Stage Road passes by Beechwood Cemetery. 30) Fuller Road (H.C.) .57 miles Fuller Road, historically known as Prince Fuller Road and later Old Osterville-Barnstable Road, connects Old Stage Road with Bumps River Road. During the 1800's, Fuller Road linked the populous village center with several early roadways which led to gristmills, schools, churches, and the "Town House" - all necessary for the settlers’ spiritual and secular well-being. In addition to the abundant natural resources in this neighborhood, Fuller Road is bounded on the south by a large working cranberry bog. 31) Bumps River Road (H.C.) 2.69 miles Bumps River Road is believed to have been named for Samuel Bumpus, one of this neighborhood's early settlers. Traditionally a connector between Centerville and Osterville and points beyond, this winding, undulating road runs westerly from Park Avenue in Centerville across Osterville-West Barnstable Road to South County Road. Both South County Road and Osterville-West Barnstable are Scenic Roads. Phinney's Mill Stream flows along under Bumps River Road. The water from this stream and a lesser brook known as "the Run" as well as the waters of Lumbert Pond, further to the northwest, all flow into Scudder Bay. Several of these water systems, which are at times used to irrigate the area's cranberry bogs, can be seen from Bumps River Road. 32) Bay Lane (H.C.) 1.41 miles Bay Lane branches northwest from South Main Street and follows the course of Bumps River until turning easterly along Scudder Bay, named for Ebenezer Scudder. The lane later joins Bumps River Road about 1000 feet east of Bumps River Bridge. Abundant water resources, including the river, bay and marshes visible along the road's lowlands are accented by superb American holly trees and a mixture of oak, pine and woodland vegetation in the upland area.



33) Old Mill Road, Osterville (H.C.) 1.26 miles Old Mill Road runs southwesterly from Bumps River Road past several working cranberry bogs to its junction with East Bay Road and Main Street. Hillside Cemetery, one of the oldest burial grounds (established c. 1750) in the town, is located on both sides of the road near the southern terminus. Sparsely populated, Old Mill Road is bounded by a mixture of pine and oak woodland which supports a variety of wildlife.

37) Eel River Road (H.C.) .97 miles Eel River Road runs north/south between Sea View Avenue and West Bay Road. Three distinctive bodies of water can be seen from various points along the roadway. Eel River and West Bay are on the west with Parker Pond on the east. Habitat land in natural condition adjacent to these waterways helps to fill wildlife and conservation needs. Hedges, large rhododendron bushes and mature evergreens which screen several estates, line the tree-shaded, winding road.

34) East Bay Road (H.C.) .84 miles

East Bay Road borders a small western inlet off Centerville Harbor known as East Bay. During Osterville's early settlement, East Bay was the site of a town-owned wharf, boatyard and numerous saltworks. A town landing off East Bay Road still exists. Several natural and visual priorities, including Dowse's Beach and Phinney's Bay with their related marshland and vegetation, dominate this neighborhood.

39) Bridge Street (H.C.) .99 miles Originally called Grand Island Road because it connected Osterville with Grand Island (a.k.a. Oyster Harbors), Bridge Street extends westerly from West Bay Road crossing Grand Island Bridge to Little Island and Grand Island beyond. A public landing place on West Bay is located at the eastern terminus of Bridge Street. Scenic vistas of both North and West bays with accompanying marshland and wildlife appear at several points along the roadway.

35) Wianno Avenue (H.C.) .96 miles

Wianno Avenue runs southeasterly off Main Street to Sea View Avenue and Nantucket Sound. A growing number of summer resorts began to develop in Barnstable during the late 1800's. A small-scale summer colony, known as Wianno, began about 1874 and rapidly grew to its current proportions with several elegant historic dwellings, designed by renowned architect Horace Frazer of Boston, lining both sides of Wianno Avenue. The landscaping, stone and wood fences, and substantial setbacks add to the historic resources of the picturesque tree-lined street.

40) Main Street, Osterville (C.C.) 2.89 miles Main Street, Osterville begins at the Centerville-Osterville Bridge, one of the most scenic areas of Barnstable with its views of Bumps River, Centerville River and Nantucket Sound. The road then continues past several large estates, which are privately ensconced behind trees and deep setbacks, and passes through the charming center of Osterville Village. Leaving the village one passes by tracts of open space and fields to connect with two other Scenic Roads, Bumps River Road and South County Road. 36) Sea View Avenue (H.C.) 1.91 miles

Sea View Avenue runs westerly from Wianno Avenue along Nantucket Sound to West Bay. The Catecheses House, a grand hotel built in 1874, was located on the south side of Sea View Avenue. After burning to the ground in 1881, the structure was immediately replaced by a voluminous Queen Anne Shingle style building currently known as the Wianno Club and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Both Sea View and Wianno Avenues typify late 19th-century seaside resort atmosphere which includes large summer estates surrounded by well-maintained grounds.

41) Old Post Road, Cotuit & Marstons Mills (H.C.) 2.32 miles Gently curving from Route 28, Old Post Road runs southerly, then westerly, to meet with Putnam Avenue (designated as a Scenic Road in 1983) at the Cotuit Cemetery (Mosswood Cemetery). Before Route 28 was built in the early 1930's, Old Post Road linked Main Street in Marstons Mills to the village of Cotuit. Several houses from the early 19th-century are located at the cemetery-end of the road. Bordering Cotuit Bay, with its noted oyster beds, are several fine homes with access to the water. There is a public landing place just south of Point Isabella.



42) Putnam Avenue (C.C.) 2.04 miles Putnam Avenue begins at Route 28 near a small commercial area. The road runs southwesterly passing a dense stand of evergreens on the east side. Eagle Pond can just barely be seen through the trees. Further south, Putnam Avenue bisects Mosswood Cemetery (a.k.a. Little River Cemetery and Cotuit Cemetery) with the newer section on the west and the older section on the east. The cemetery dates from 1819 and many members of Cotuit's early families are buried there. Just past the cemetery the road meets another Scenic Road, Old Post Road. Putnam Avenue curves west at its end to meet Main Street in Cotuit. Old Shore Road abuts the base of this curve. Both Main Street and Old Shore Road are Scenic Roads. 43) Old Shore Road (H.C.) .23 miles Laid out prior to 1856 and defined by the town's selectmen in 1864, Old shore Road branches off Main Street, Cotuit and continues along Cotuit Bay to Hooper's Landing and Putnam Avenue. Both Main Street and Putnam Avenue are also Scenic Roads. The site of Samuel Hooper's wharf is now owned by the town and used as a public landing and beach. A memorial marker dedicated to World War II veteran Edmund W. Harlow is located in a landscaped island beside the roadway. The memorial's colorful flower bed, combined with the natural beauty of beach and bay, greatly enhance the appearance of Old Shore Road. 44) Main Street, Cotuit (C.C.) 3.40 miles Running southerly from Route 28 to a town-landing near Rushy Marsh Pond, Main Street is a lovely Scenic Road with much historical value. Shortly past its origin, Main Street intersects with two other Scenic Roads, Old Kings Road and Santuit-Newtown Road, and then swings southeasterly to follow Cotuit Bay. All along this portion of the road one can see glimpses of the bay and Grand Island (Oyster Harbors) beyond. On this southeastern portion of Main Street lies much of the history of Cotuit and Santuit - a smaller section of Cotuit. Here Main Street passes Freedom Hall (c. 1860) built as a public meeting place. The Union Meeting House (c.1846) is right next door. The Union Meeting House was truly an unusual church as three different sects, Baptist, Congregationalist and Methodist, all worshipped there at the same time. Also seen along

the road is the Dottridge Homestead (c.1790), now a museum. Lovely, tree-lined Main Street has large arbors of trees that reach out over the street to form great green archways in summer. The homes along the street are a variety of styles from the 19th- and 20th-century and some of them have unusual stone pillared hedges and wooden fences. The road also has a vast array of wooden fences ranging from fancy picket to plain split rail. 45) School Street, Cotuit (H.C.) .81 miles School Street runs west from Main Street through the village's small commercial center into an historic residential area. Bounded at the intersection of Main Street by Cotuit Memorial Park, a town-owned common established in 1946, this secondary roadway is lined with 18th- and 19th-century buildings including complimentary trees, shrubs, plantings, and compositions of walks which add to the historic character of the street and its immediate environs. 46) Old Kings Road (H.C.) .35 miles Old Kings Road runs southwesterly from its intersection with Main Street and Santuit-Newtown Road to the Santuit River and Mashpee-Barnstable town line. During the late 18th- and early 19th-centuries the land in this area of old Cotuit belonged to Josiah Sampson (1753-1829) a wealthy gentleman farmer who owned vast amounts of woodland and meadow. The large Federal style mansion, built c. 1807, at the eastern end of the road belonged to the Sampson family for generations. Today Old Kings Road travels through a wooded area of Santuit containing rich wildlife and natural resources. 47) Santuit-Newtown Road (C.C.) 3.60 miles This road which receives its name from two smaller communities of Barnstable, Santuit in Cotuit and Newtown in Marstons Mills, is often simply called Newtown Road and begins at the intersection of Old Kings Road and Main Street in Cotuit. Midway along the road is a view of Lovells Pond to the east. Further north along the road lays Long Pond to the west. The water from both these ponds irrigates several cranberry bogs that can be seen from the road. Between Long Pond and Santuit-Newtown Road lies a town conservation area which has large open fields and an upland forest of mature oak, pitch pine and holly. Just north of the conservation area, Santuit-Newtown Road passes River Road and School Street, both Scenic Roads.



Santuit-Newtown Road ends its Barnstable portion at the Barnstable-Sandwich town line. 48) River Road (C.C.) 2.06 miles River Road begins at Santuit-Newtown Road and runs past open space, fields and wetlands. The northern portion of the road, especially around Muddy Pond, is an area of vast cranberry bogs, some of which are still in operation. The road receives its name from the Marstons Mills River which it crosses before it ends at Route 149, just north of the pond where Marston's fulling mill once stood. 49) School Street, Marstons Mills (H.C.) .55 miles School Street, a continuation of Old Mill Road, turns westerly until it meets Santuit-Newtown Road. In the 19th century a tiny hamlet called Newtown developed in this section of Marstons Mills. Farming, cultivating the cranberry bogs, and operating the sawmill, provided occupations for the area's residents. To provide a few necessities to those living in the area, a small store was established in the kitchen of the James Crocker home, now owned by James's grandson, Harvey Sinnett. Just beyond the Crocker home, on the opposite side of the street, a turn-of-the-century town report notes, there was a school which operated for twelve years. The schoolhouse is still in existence and is now a private residence. 50) Old Mill Road, Marstons Mills (H.C.) .58 miles Old Mill Road runs southwest of Race Lane and is a continuation of Crooked Cartway which runs northeast into the Conservation Area. During the 19th-century a sawmill operated north of the junction of Old Mill Road, School Street and Bog Road. The Chester A. Crocker farm is located across the road from the site of the sawmill. Chester A. Crocker was a selectman of the town beginning in 1929 and serving for many years. Behind the farmhouse are extensive cranberry bogs. Until recently the area remained a remote, forested section of the town. Since the 1970's house construction has occurred along several areas of the road. However, the roadway still retains much of its former character. 51) Farmersville Road (H.C.) .52 miles Until recently much of the village of Marstons Mills remained as scattered clusters of homes with extensive uninhabited woodlands.

Farmersville Road traverses a section of such woodland still uninhabited and presenting a picture of the old Cape. The ancient way, probably an Indian track, is shown on an early 18th-century map. The way begins at Race Lane and runs for less than a quarter of a mile to meet with Crooked Cartway, another ancient way. Just beyond the junction of these two ways is the town's conservation area descending from the glacial moraine, a special geological feature of the area. 52) Race Lane (C.C.) 3.40 miles Shown on an 1856 map of the town, Race Lane runs from its intersection with Old Barnstable-Falmouth Road and Old Stage Road to the Barnstable-Sandwich town line. The road passes many other Scenic Roads such as Osterville-West Barnstable Road. At the northwest corner of the intersection of these two roads lies Race Lane Farm, a former horse farm. Further west, Race Lane crosses Route 149 and runs past large open fields of Town Conservation land which are home to a variety of wildlife. A small plane occasionally flies over these fields as tiny Cape Cod Airport is located just down the road across from the Town-owned Olde Barnstable Fairgrounds Golf Course. Race Lane offers a lovely view of Mystic Lake and there is a town-landing area just off the road. The eastern portion of Race Lane passes by Old Mill Road and Farmersville Road, both Scenic Roads. Pine, oak and evergreen border the road as do several wooden fences. 53) Old Barnstable-Falmouth Road (C.C.) 2.08 miles Old Barnstable-Falmouth Road, commonly called Old Falmouth Road, begins at Route 149. The land along the road is relatively undeveloped, with large tracts of open space. The road offers a view of Round Pond to the north and ends at the intersection with Race Lane. 54) Osterville-West Barnstable Road (C.C.) 3.60 miles Osterville-West Barnstable Road is a tree-lined, winding road that runs from Route 149 in West Barnstable to Main Street in Osterville. Both Route 149 and Main Street are Scenic Roads. Osterville-West Barnstable Road crosses many other Scenic Roads as well, such as the intersection with Race Lane where Race Lane Farm is located. A short distance further south there is a lovely vegetated area



bursting with rhododendron, evergreens and an occasional American holly. The road then intersects with Old Barnstable-Falmouth Road, a Scenic Road, and crosses Route 28 at a small commercial area. The road adjoins yet another Scenic Road, Bumps River Road, before ending a short distance to the south. 55) South County Road (C.C.) .59 miles South County Road, as an ancient way, is considered to be the entire roadway of Main Street in Centerville, South Main Street, Main Street in Osterville and South County Road, from Aaron Crosby Park to Route 28. For these purposes the road is considered to run the short distance from Bumps River Road to Route 28. The road is lightly developed and bordered by areas of open space. There is a small quarter horse farm at the end of the road. 56) Old King's Highway (Route 6A) (H.C.) 8.43 miles Originally a Native American coastal trail, the Old King's Highway parallels the bay side of Cape Cod from Sandwich to Provincetown. The earliest European settlements were established along this roadway. The Old King's Highway Regional Historic District, which includes a large portion of this ancient road, was established by the State Legislature in 1974 for the protection and preservation of those resources which typify the Cape's unique heritage exemplified by the existence of vast numbers of historic resources. In 1992 the State Legislature designated the entire length of the Old King's Highway (Route 6A), as a Scenic Road. Background Paper: Architectural Designs of Cape Cod Traditional Styles Of Architecture Found On Cape Cod Probably no single area of the country displays more variety of architectural style than in New England. The variety is so great that the houses of New England create a patchwork of architectural and cultural history of the United States - from its Pilgrim-era infancy through today. (l) The following is a brief description of the architectural styles and forms associated with Cape Cod. First Period (1630-1720) Colonial or Early American Style As old as America itself, the historic Cape Cod cottage form from the Colonial or Early American style can be traced directly back to the

Pilgrims. Most early Cape houses were not designed and built by architects, but by common people. The Cape Cod Cottage form is purely a functional building that generally makes full use of the land as an element of architecture. It evolved from the rural and natural setting that at the same time is comfortable and indigenous to the surrounding community and landscape. The basic elements of form, function, texture and space of each structure are a clear manifesto of how the inhabitants of a house lived and what they wanted to emphasize in their lives. Literally a definition of simplicity, the traditional Cape Cod Cottage was small, one-and-a-half stories, gable roofed with a front door and fireplace located at one end of the house or in the center. The front door was made of planks in the early days, and the exterior was clad with clapboard or shingles that were left unpainted to weather naturally in the salt air. (l) The Cape Cod form can take three variations; it is full when its center door is flanked by two windows on either side, three-quarter when two windows appear to one side and a single to the other, and it is half when the front facade displays simply a door and two side-by-side windows. (l) The Cape Cod Cottage might well be America's first modular house. The tiny, basic house was called the "honeymoon" or "half" cottage. As the family grew, the basic box house was expanded with an addition at the end nearest the entry. (l) This addition created a "three-quarter Cape, and could be expanded into a full-Cape." From 1637 to the mid-19th century, most houses were of plank construction. This consisted of hand hewn sills, corner posts, plates and girts with no studs. Sawn planks twelve to eighteen inches wide were nailed vertically to the outside wall and basic building support. Shingles or clapboards were then nailed directly to the planks. The wall, therefore, was about three inches thick. Window frames would thus protrude on the exterior, displaying the character of wall construction. (2) The exterior consisted of 9/6 light sash windows and transoms. Walls were shingled although sometimes the south front was of clapboard. Weathered shingles have also become a sign of traditional Cape Cod form. The full house was generally thirty-four to



forty feet long and any additions usually took the form of an "L" to the rear. Three-quarter and half Capes used this same basic floor plan but with reductions in size and number of rooms. (2) The interior consisted of seven basic rooms. The parlor was usually set to take full advantage of solar heating and was usually used for special functions. It tended to be more elaborate than the rest of the house and would be wainscoted, paneled, molded and a fireplace mantel was not uncommon. Intricate cornices were also added to later homes. Interior rooms were generally whitewashed and ceilings were about seven feet high and floor boards were pine or oak. For more living space, the house was expanded again, resulting in a "full" or double Cape. (2) The original Cape Cod Cottage on Cape Cod was small, consisting of two rooms on the first floor. Full-Capes had only three rooms on the ground floor. To increase the size of the rooms on the second floor, dormer windows were put in. These were protected from the weather by small gable roofs. Detail in roof style plays an important function in form. Some roof designs displayed a slight and graceful curve in their roof lines from ridge to eaves. This style of house-top ornamentation is known as the bowed or ships bottom roof. The bowed roof was most popular between 1750 and 1850. The technique for its construction stemmed directly from the ship building methods used in designing hulls. Its adoption on Cape Cod houses may have come from nostalgic sea captains. To achieve the bow shape, builders laid fresh green timbers over a rock and weighted them down on each end. As the wood dried, it formed an arc. Pitched roof variations evolved as families outgrew attic sleeping rooms. As the roof design complies with the needs, the gambrel roof design followed. The gambrel roof permitted almost a full second story to the Cape house while maintaining all of its other features. (2) As settlers moved from the Atlantic coastline further inland, they adapted the basic Cape Cod Cottage to meet their new environments. The result was the New England Colonial house. The New England Colonial is generally square or rectangular with a wing extending from the rear or one side, a shingled, gabled roof, fireplaces at each end, an elaborate cornice with dentils, and

traditional oak structural beams and clapboard siding. The New England Colonial and other early house types were built by using the technique of timber framing construction. Then, early in the 19th century, timber-framing died out with the development of water powered saw mills, and later came the introduction of stud-framing. Today, timber-framing has been revived because of its inherent structural stability and its authenticity. (1) The saltbox form has much in common with the Cape Cod Cottage. Both were clad with shingles or clapboard. They both were expanded with the addition of a section immediately beyond the chimney and front door. From there, however, the saltbox took a different development route. Instead of being expanded from the side like the Cape Cod Cottage, it was enlarged from the rear with the addition of a lean-to shed that spanned the entire length of the house. This made the saltbox two rooms deep with a massive chimney in the center. (l) The saltbox and Cape Cod Cottage are both forms which give us accurate details as to what a building might look like. However, form defies strict categorization and can appear in any period. For example, a saltbox can be of the Colonial style or of the Georgian style; the same with the Cape Cod style and gambrel. The lean-to form of houses were at first created by adding sheds to the rear of English houses, but thereafter they became an integral part of the design of the structure. The essential feature of the lean-to house is the saltbox form. The tall front wall and a lower rear wall resulting from a longer rear slope of the gabled roof gives it its name. The pitch of the front and rear roof planes is about equal. The front wall contained larger windows opening into the most important rooms. To take advantage of the sun's heat, lean-to houses traditionally faced due south until alignment to the main street became an important consideration. The building plan was organized around a massive central chimney stack serving several fireplaces. Many of the early lean-to houses were built in a half-house version, with the chimney toward one side to provide for lateral expansion at a later date. In early designs the door was aligned with the chimney, but window symmetry was not essential (l). The short-roofed facade was oriented to the south to face the sun



and take advantage of the warmth in winter. On the front and sides were large double-hung windows to maximize solar gain. The windows consisted of numerous small panes. (3) The Cape Cod Cottage is probably the most copied form in the country, from tract houses in the 1950's to prefabricated houses shipped and constructed on-site. Many are traditional copies, and some are striking renditions. (l) Just as the angular saltbox roof established a traditional Cape Cod form that was imitated throughout the northeast, so did the more widely imitated Cape Cod house establish a form that continues to hold its grip on the design of American houses today. Second Period, Georgian Style (1720-1775) This style revolves around the ascension of George I to the British throne in 1714 and ends well before the death of George III in 1830. The Georgian style had its influence among the colonies' elite in the late 17th century, and predominated in all areas through the Revolution. In its ideal form, these principals dictated bilateral symmetry in the organization of the facade and the plan. There is a large central chimney or two separated chimneys. The common regional display of this style is in the standard facade of a central imposing entry between pairs of windows in a symmetrically arranged five bays. This arrangement of facade remained in use through the series of classical styles, a common core onto which various ornamental styles were applied. Even when bilateral symmetry could not be achieved, the arrangement of the windows, regular repetition of elements, evenly spaced doors, could produce the same effect. Some later Georgian styles may have hipped roofs and projecting central pavilion with pedimented gable. (4) Third Period, Federal Style (1775-1820) Another refinement of the Colonial style took the form of the Federal style, just as the new form of government emerged. Known in England as the Adams style, this adapted house plan held onto its predecessor’s characteristics of the rectangular floor plan and balanced facade. The main feature of this style is a doorway sided by slim columns or pilasters supporting a pediment or small flat roof.

The best clues to identifying the Federal style are the light elongated columns and the employment of semi-elliptical windows over the important front door or in the gable ends. The general form is square, a balanced elevation and a hip or flat roof. There are usually two chimneys and two or three floors. Materials used are brick or frame construction. The Federal style is a quiet, dignified design with decorative detail. (2) The red bricked bow front buildings of Boston's Beacon Hill are of the Federalist era. Also, many of the New England white clapboard steeple churches are of the Federalist style. Victorian Period, Greek Revival (1820-1860) The era of the Greek Revival lasted from approximately 1820 to 1860. Throughout America examples can be found. The architecture and interior design of these houses were of classical detailing of delicacy and grace. (l) The Greek Revival house reflects the temple-like form associated with classical buildings. The design of the roof and columns are the most identifiable characteristic of the Greek Revival architecture. Generally, it is two or three stories with a low pitched gable roof. Windows are recessed behind porches, which wrap around the front and sides. The porches are supported by rows of columns in groups of six or eight on each side. Above the classical column is the entablature which consists of an archive, frieze and the cornice. (l) Stylistic variations are extreme in the Greek Revival building. A plain, small house with a porch, having two square pillars, a plain architrave and a simple cornice may be regarded as a modified example of a Greek Revival style.(2) This was the first truly all-American style and second most popular style on Cape Cod. As a revival style it showed a reawakening of interest in Greek architecture following the advancement of the discipline of archaeology. The architects of the Greek Revival style were attempting to reproduce the ideal form of the classic Greek Temple in wood. It can be seen in banks and other civic buildings. (2)



With the Greek Revival style, the building is turned "end on" so that the gable end, representing the temple front, faces the street. The triangular space formed by the two slopes of the gable roof is known as the pediment and often contains one window. The wide board running across the gable represents the classic Greek entablature and the vertical corner boards the temple columns. These were often flat columns embedded in the wall and known as pilasters. (2) Clapboards were generally used for siding in Greek Revival homes. Occasionally smooth wood was used and very rarely concrete. The buildings were often painted white or other light colors to simulate marble. (2) Many times the Greek Revival house will have a small porch at the front entrance. Its supports are heavy round columns of the classic Greek order reproduced in wood. The ancient Greeks originally used upturned tree trunks as roof supports. After the employment of marble, these trees were reproduced in stone. (2) Throughout the Cape, the Greek Revival style brought changes to local architectural ideas. The 1820's were a time of great growth on Cape Cod and an evolution in the Cape Cod house took place with higher cornice lines, deeper and wider friezes and wider corner boards replacing older more traditional architectural elements. Eventually, the design of the Cape Cod house would disappear until its revival in the twentieth century. (2) Victorian Period, Gothic Revival style (1830-1900) Gothic Revival houses built in the 19th century are characterized by delicate wood tracery-or gingerbread- and a pointed arch on the steep gable roof, which was often repeated in the shape of the windows. Window openings are varied in size and shape and tend to escape symmetrical placement. Dwellings have a strong character, a romantic disposition and very expressive. It aspires vertically, accented by board-and-batten siding, steeply pitched cross gables and wall dormers, and insistent chimneys. The chimney is a major part of the design elements. The cross gable in the center of the facade is a characteristic feature; its incline is usually decorated by a wood trim carved in a curvilinear pattern. The style can be identified by the use of common materials, high massive chimneys,

and monochromatic color schemes in natural tones to link the house with the surroundings. Late 19th century American Gothic was popular on Cape Cod although quite smaller than on the mainland. The impetus for their establishment was religious and of a revival nature. As early as 1819 religious revival meetings were being held on Methodist campgrounds in tents that were eventually replaced with Gothic Revival homes.(2) Victorian Period, Italianate Style (1845-1900's) Paying homage to the Italian Renaissance tradition, room heights diminish at upper stories, floor divisions are articulated by horizontal coursing, and corners by bold quoins. Typical of the Italianate dwelling are tall windows, high ceilings, and a cupola. Italianate ornament - simplified and restrained- also embellishes the octagonal plan dwelling, something of a fad in the 1860's. (5) Some examples of this style can be found on Cape Cod. This style has a balanced composition of gables, roofs and porches and bay windows are often used. It is generally box-like shaped with either a flat, mansard, or gabled roof with clapboard siding. (2) Victorian Period, French Second Empire Style (1855-1870) The French Second Empire style was borrowed from France and had a great influence on Cape Cod buildings. Its general characteristics are a mansard roof (double pitched roof with a steep lower slope on all four sides) with dormer windows and classical pediments. The balustrades and windows are flanked by columns or pilasters. This style is very monumental and ornate. (2) Victorian Period, Queen Anne Style (1850-1900's) The Queen Anne style generally used different textures of materials on the same wall such as clapboards and several kinds of shingles. Also, an irregular roofline is a character of this style. Extended cornices are often a clue to this style on the Cape.(2) Decorative elements include grouped chimneys, small-paned windows, Palladian window motif, door opening with fan and side lights, turned balusters, intricate lathe work, and the application of shingles to rounded or flaring surfaces. The facade tends toward symmetrical organization. On the major stories, windows are tall, thin, and



regularly spaced; a common treatment makes use of a heavy transom bar. More arbitrary is attic fenestration, with its wall and roof dormers and tower openings which are single or grouped and headed by round, flattened, or Tudor arches. (5)

Some of village architecture has remained consistent with the traditional styles. Small businesses on "Main Street" have turned single family homes into small stores by placing awnings, signs on the street and increased window proportions. The scale and proportion remain the same, but often the facade changes.

The final style to achieve a measure of popularity in this area is that of a clustering form and ornament known as the Colonial Revival. With its roots in the Queen Anne style and the shingle style, the Colonial Revival looked back to American architecture for its design resources. Literal reconstruction of past forms was the rule, and many critics have found the style antiquarian and unoriginal. Many distinctive subtypes can be recognized, but no single one is known for a large number of examples. Moderate sized homes in resort communities as well as for the year-round population applied similar ornament to the two-and-a half-story pyramid four squares, even to bungalows. Later suburban house types were added in small numbers and include Dutch colonials, simple two-and-a-half story, five bay, center entry gable blocks, and not surprisingly, to modern Capes. Other historic revival styles such as Tudor, French and Spanish found few adherents, nor did the more progressive Prairie or craftsman styles. (4)

It is important to keep in mind that the elements of the above architectural styles are what are being proposed for today's structures and not just simply to copy the styles. Scale, proportion, balance and order should be a factor in designing for today's needs. The previous mentioned styles have numerous elements to them and some of them need to be incorporated into today's styles. 1. American vernacular - Regional Influences in Architecture and Interior Design, by Jim Kemp, 1987 2. How to Identify Historic Properties on Cape Cod According to: Period, Style and Form, prepared by Jack Clark, Preservation Planner. Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission. 3. Building with Nantucket in mind, Guidelines for protecting the Historic Architecture and Landscape of Nantucket Island. Nantucket Historic District Commission, Nantucket, Massachusetts. 1978.

The periods discussed here are all approximate dates. The styles overlap and the forms are all interwoven among each style. Nothing is exact in that Georgian homes built during the colonial era may display some Federalist details.

4. Historic and Archaeological Resources of Cape Cod and the Islands published by the Massachusetts Historical Commission Office of the Massachusetts Secretary of State, 1987.

5. A Field Guide to American Architecture, by Carole Rifkind, 1980 Commercial Design

Commercial design, in recent years, has displayed a myriad of styles, textures, scales, colors and site placement. Many of the important early aspects of Cape Cod architectural styles have not been selected in styles today. Often times, commercial development conflicts with the traditional architecture, thus resulting in an unbalanced and offensive "sense of place". It is possible to incorporate the elements of Cape Cod styles of architecture into a larger scale to accommodate a commercial establishment. Care to keep in harmony with the surrounding roof lines is important so as to not disrupt the order of placement. New construction can interpret traditional elements that will then relate to surrounding structures and landscape.

A Survey of Olmsted Projects in Barnstable Introduction This survey is a preliminary investigation of Olmsted landscapes within the Town of Barnstable. The purpose of this survey is to determine the level of original Olmsted design still existing today. Preliminary research by Patricia Anderson, formerly of the Barnstable Historic Preservation Department, found that there are at least 25 designed and constructed plans just within the Town of Barnstable. However, it is unknown how many of these projects retain their original character and to what degree.



This original list of Olmsted projects was determined from the Master List of Olmsted Projects, 1857-1950. Inclusion in the Master List does not mean that the project was constructed. It simply means that correspondence or plans were prepared. For many projects, it is unknown what was constructed without doing further research at the Olmsted National Historic Site archives in Brookline, Massachusetts. As a preliminary step, it was decided to do a field survey of each property to see first hand what might remain from an Olmsted design. Frederick Law Olmsted and the Olmsted Office Frederick Law Olmsted has long been regarded as the father of landscape architecture. Through his innovative landscape designs, he was able to shape a landscape tradition in this country. His best known accomplishments include; Central Park in New York City and the Emerald Necklace in Boston. Most of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.'s work was accomplished during the second half of the 19th Century. He retired in 1895. Following his retirement, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and John Charles Olmsted continued the design traditions through the Olmsted Office. This office remained in Brookline, Massachusetts until 1980. At that time, the National Park Service took over the building as the Olmsted National Historic Site. Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. and the Olmsted Office were responsible for designing a wide range of projects including public parks, parkways, residential communities, campuses and private estates. The most famous private estate designed by the Olmsteds was the Biltmore Estate in North Carolina. Most of the work done by the Olmsteds on Cape Cod was on private estates. Especially following the hurricane of 1944, the Olmsted office was very active in Barnstable. The following list of Olmsted projects in Barnstable will demonstrate this. Since the majority of the Olmsted work in Barnstable is on private property, the most important preservation strategy is educating the owners of the significance of their properties. By knowing that their property is an important historic landscape, the owners are likely to be more sensitive to alterations. Other preservation strategies should be considered such as local historic districts, National Register historic districts and the National Register of Historic

Places. In addition, the importance of these sites should be included on any database used for site plan review. Preserving these landscapes will remain a difficult challenge. Even deferred maintenance can irretrievably damage an historic designed landscape. Nevertheless, it is important to do all that can be done to preserve these valuable landscapes. Recommendations It is clear from this survey that Barnstable has a significant number of Olmsted landscapes worthy of preservation. Recommendations for the future fall into two strategies. First, it is strongly recommended that further investigation of the Olmsted landscapes take place. Secondly, preservation strategies should be put into place to preserve the remaining landscapes. Further investigation of the Olmsted landscapes should be done at the Olmsted National Historic Site in Brookline, Massachusetts. Archives at the National Historic Site include plans, drawings, letters and photographs. Research at the archives could determine what was actually designed by the Olmsted Office. This could then be compared to what is on the ground today. Without this investigative research, site visits can only make assumptions on what is an Olmsted landscape. Investigation at the archives might also help to determine the location of those sites that could not be found by title searches. Other research at the archives should include determining if the Olmsted Office had a branch office on the Cape following the hurricane of 1944. In addition, it is important to determine if the Olmsted Office had an overall design philosophy for the Cape. Since the Cape Cod environment is a unique area, it is possible that the Office treated design projects differently here. Researching office files and records might help to answer this question. It should also be remembered that Frederick Law Olmsted and the Olmsted Office were not the only well-known landscape designers working in Barnstable. It is recommended that further research be conducted to determine what other historic designed landscapes of Barnstable are worthy of preservation. Survey of Olmsted Projects



The following is a list of the Olmsted projects of Barnstable in chronological order as taken from the Master List. If no date was given in the Master List, the project is included at the end of the list. Marston, Howard Hyannis 1909 Dunn, H. T. Hyannis Port 1913-16 Taggart, Lucy M. Hyannis Port 1916 Dowse, W. B. H. Subdivision Osterville/Wianno 1922 Marsters, A. A. Osterville 1926-30 Davis, Edward Kirk Osterville 1928-50 Kennedy, Mrs. Joseph P. Hyannis Port 1930-32 Dowse, W.B.H. Osterville/Wianno 1944 Lee, Mrs. Halfdan Osterville 1944 Ropes, Mrs. James H. Cotuit 1944 Taylor, Warren Cotuit 1944 Taussig, Mrs. H. B. Cotuit 1944 Morrison, Alvah Cotuit 1944-45 Wesson, Cynthia Cotuit 1944-45 Crossett, Edward C. Osterville/Wianno 1944-47 Wesson, Frank Cotuit 1944-50 McIver, Mrs. Monroe A. Cotuit 1945 Gates, Thomas S. Osterville 1945-47 Kirkman, Mrs. Mary Lewis Cotuit 1945-49 Laughlin, Mrs. J.B. Hyannis Port 1946-47 Wianno Club Osterville/Wianno 1946-47 Barton, Mrs. F. O. Cotuit 1946-48 Putnam, Mrs. Charlton D. Cotuit 1949 Bryant, Henry Cotuit no date Longfellow, W.A. Hyannis Port no date Norris, F. W. Subdivision Osterville/Wianno no date Parlett, Miss Mary Osterville no date Sandy Neck Barnstable no date Seapuit Club Osterville no date The following survey of Olmsted Projects in Barnstable contains the village name, the name of the original client, the address of the property, the map and parcel number, the Olmsted Job Number, any Historic Designations and a brief description of the site. This list is not entirely complete. If permission to visit the site was not given, the site could not be surveyed. Additionally, the location of several

projects has not been determined. If this is the case, they are noted as such. Olmsted Projects - Survey Notes Barnstable - Sandy Neck (Sand Dunes) - no date Job Number: 1099 Status: Not Implemented Designations: NRDIS (11/13/87), NRMRA (11/13/87) Description of the Site: This site was not visited because the project was not implemented. Centerville - Marston, Howard - 1909 481 Main Street Fernbrook 208/85 Job Number: 3608 Status: Constructed Designations: NRDIS (11/10/87), NRMRA (11/10/87) Description of the Site: The original house is now run as a bed and breakfast. Although the site has been subdivided and several houses constructed, the site still retains a high degree of the original Olmsted design. The area around the pond has had few man made alterations. It would appear that the greatest changes are from removed or overmature plant materials. Structures found on the site that are likely attributable to the Olmsted design included a bridge crossing the pond, a small open air rustic hut, retaining walls and remnants of a path system. The current owners have historic photographs and a file on the history of the site. Cotuit - Barton, Mrs. F. O. - 1946-48 551 Old Post Road 54/19 Job Number: 9733 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: It is unclear at this time what landscape improvements were constructed by the Olmsted office. There are two overgrown gardens. One appears to have included a fountain due to the pipe rising from the center. It is saucer shaped with two terraces down and into the center. However, according to the current owner, this garden was in use prior to 1946. She also



claimed that the lilac hedge to the east of the property and the circular entrance drive also predate 1946. However, like the McIver property (36/37), this site contains an overgrown arborvitae allee which at one time was used to access the beach. Since such similar features were found on both sites, it is likely that these were designed by the Olmsted Office. Cotuit - Bryant, Henry - no date Job Number: 0053 Status: unknown Designations: unknown Description of the Site: Although research was conducted at the Barnstable County Registry of Deeds by James Gould, the location of this property could not be determined from the original client name. However, judging from its low job number, it is probably an early job. In this case, it may have been done by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. Cotuit - Kirkman, Mrs. Mary Lewis - 1945-49 43 Ocean Avenue 34/69 Job Number: 9710 Status: Planned Designations: NRIND (3/13/87), NRMRA (11/10/87) Description of the Site: This site was not visited. Cotuit - McIver, Mrs. Monroe A. - 1945 86 Putnam Avenue 36/37 Job Number: 9689 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: Most landscape improvements to this site probably predate 1945. However, an arborvitae allee on the property may have been included in the Olmsted improvements. A similar allee was found on the Barton property (54/19). The allee is no longer passable due to the overmaturity of the arborvitae. Other landscape improvements noticed included a wisteria vine at the porch, a lilac hedge screening the house from the road, groundcovers in the backyard, and a tulip tree at the front of the

house. It is unknown if any of these improvements can be attributed to Olmsted. Cotuit - Morrison, Alvah - 1944-45 48 Oregon Way 17/18 Job Number: 9592 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: It is unclear at this time what landscape improvements were constructed by the Olmsted office. On the ocean side of the house, the site contains Pitch Pine and Northern Bayberry. It is likely that this is all natural growth. The only plant materials that were planted are at the rear entrance (street side). There were no other signs of a designed landscape. Cotuit - Putnam, Mrs. Charlton D. - 1949 265 Baxter Neck Road 75/10 Job Number: 9840 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: According to Charlton Putnam, Jr. the Olmsted Office was hired by his Mother to design the entrance drive from Baxter Neck Road up to the house. She wanted a naturalistic design suitable to the wooded area. Today, the entrance drive still retains this feeling due to the Eastern White Pines, American Hollies, Low bush Blueberry and split rail fence. It is expected that these elements remain from the Olmsted design. If so, this site retains a high degree of design integrity. It should also be noted that Mr. Charlton D. Putnam, Sr. was employed by the Olmsted Office following his graduation from MIT in 1908. His degree was in Landscape Engineering. As a member of the Olmsted Office, he assisted with construction on the Emerald Necklace in Boston and was later transferred to Providence, Rhode Island. After working in Dayton, Ohio, he began his own design office. Cotuit - Ropes, Mrs. James H. - 1944 49 Putnam Avenue



36/44 Job Number: 9682 Status: Constructed Designations: NRIND (11/10/87) Description of the Site: It is unclear at this time what landscape improvements were constructed by the Olmsted office. There is some indication that the wooded edge to the west of the house was constructed with shrubs as an understory. However, it is well overgrown now. A boxwood hedge with an interior overgrown garden was found at the west side of the house. However, according to Harriet Ropes Cabot, the hedge is much older than 1944. Harriet Ropes Cabot has no recollection of the Olmsted office doing work on the site. Cotuit - Taussig, Mrs. H. B. - 1944 60 Oregon Way 16/11 Job Number: 9684 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: The original house was demolished in 1988 and a new house constructed on the site. While no survey was done on the site, it is expected that nothing remains of the Olmsted design judging by what could be seen from the road. Cotuit - Taylor, Warren - 1944 Oregon Way Job Number: 9683 Status: unknown Designations: None Description of the Site: This site was not visited. Cotuit - Wesson, Cynthia.- 1944-45 1446 Main Street Job Number: 9681 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: The area directly around the house including the entrance drive, foundation plantings and street plantings appear to include more recent improvements. More

research is needed to determine if this portion of the property was designed by the Olmsted Office. Across the street is an older designed landscape likely attributable to the Olmsted Office. While this site is somewhat overgrown, it still retains many design elements. For instance, an open area of greenspace is still mowed, a small pool still exists and various plant materials remain. Hidden behind several overgrown trees is what looks like a romantic style horse barn. Cotuit - Wesson, Frank.- 1944-50 1524 Main Street Job Number: 9680 Status: Planned Designations: None Description of the Site: Since this site is listed only as a "planned project" on the Master List, it is not expected that construction by the Olmsted office occurred. However, the site does contain many elements of a romantic style of landscape design. These include a grove of holly trees, a formal flower garden, slate walkways, a curvilinear driveway and a diverse range of plant materials. While the site may not have been designed by the Olmsted office, it is possible that another noteworthy designer was responsible for designing this site. Hyannis Port - Dunn, H. T. - 1913-16 "Dunsmere" Hyannis Avenue 287/110 Job Number: 5910 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: The house was destroyed by fire on 8/21/1921. However, a house is on the site today. A windshield investigation of the site suggests that the Olmsted design is still substantially intact. A curvilinear driveway, planting masses and a stone wall may have been included in the Olmsted design. Hyannis Port - Kennedy, Mrs. Joseph P. -1930-32 Marchant Avenue 286/23



Job Number: 9199 Status: Constructed Designations: NRDIS (11/28/72), NRMRA (11/13/87), NHL (11/28/72) Description of the Site: This site was not visited. Hyannis Port - Laughlin, Mrs. J. B. - 1946-47 Job Number: 9754 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: This site was not visited. Hyannis Port - Longfellow, W. A. - no date Job Number: 1367 Status: Unknown Designations: None Description of the Site: The location of this site is unknown. Hyannis Port - Taggart, Lucy M. - 1916 Irving Avenue 287/69 Job Number: 6432 Status: Constructed Designations: Description of the Site: A windshield survey of this site was difficult due to the large privet hedge blocking views of the property. Osterville/Wianno - Crossett, Edward C. - 1944-47 459 Sea View Avenue Job Number: 9676 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: This site is a well maintained landscape and estate. The entrance drive is on axis to the back of the house. This entrance leads into a circular drive at the house. There are several informal plantings of spruces, rhododendrons and chaemaecyparis. A large privet hedge screens the building next door. At the front of the house (ocean side) is a one foot concrete wall with a fountain and pool in the center. According to Caroline Crossett Rowland, the fountain was from 1915, when the house was constructed. She also claimed that the area was originally covered

with pine trees until the hurricane of 1944. Following the devastation of the hurricane, she said the Olmsted Office was hired to supervise the cleanup and landscaping. Osterville - Davis, Edward Kirk - 1928-1950 98/75 Job Number: 7933 Status: Constructed Designations: None Description of the Site: It is unknown what the Olmsted Office may have done on this site. This is a very large parcel which will require further research. However, an initial survey of the property found several areas that looked like they were Olmsted landscapes. Some areas of this site have been subdivided and much of the area is very overgrown. Osterville/Wianno - Dowse, W. B. H. -1944 Dowse's Beach Job Number: 9686 Status: unknown Designations: None Description of the Site: The original house was destroyed in the hurricane of 1944. It is likely that nothing remains from the original design. A bathhouse was constructed on the site and it is now a public beach. The only things of interest are the two white painted, clapboard posts at the entrance to the site. Osterville - Dowse, W. B. H. Subdivision - 1922 Hathaway & Leonard Roads Job Number: 7033 Status: unknown Designations: None Description of the Site: According to Barbara Crosby, a plan is on record at the Registry of Deeds (Book 15, Page 99, 1922) for this subdivision. However, the site was not developed until considerably later by Marjorie Leonard. It is possible that this developer used the Olmsted plan but further research would be needed to substantiate this. Osterville - Gates, Thomas S. - 1945-47



Hathaway & Leonard Roads Job Number: 9712 Osterville - Parlett, Miss Mary Status: unknown 347 Eel River Road Designations: None 115-1

Job Number: 9795 Description of the Site: A cursory look at this site suggests that it still retains its designed landscape. Plant materials included arborvitae, ewes, spruces and rhododendrons. At the street is a rustic split rail fence. There is also a circular drive.

Status: unknown Designations: None Description of the Site: According to Barbara Crosby, a 17th Century house was moved to this site. There is still some sense of a designed landscaped but it is likely many plant materials have been removed. Features still remaining include a circular drive, retaining walls and some mature trees.

Osterville - Lee, Mrs. Halfdan - 1944 St. Mary's Island 95/5/1 Job Number: 9662

Osterville - Seapuit Inn Status: Job Number: 7654 Designations:

Description of the Site: A very cursory view of this site suggests that a romantic landscape design is still intact. The site is very heavily landscaped with plant materials such as ewes, rhododendrons, andromeda and pachysandra. A large beech tree is in the center of the circular drive. The building is an English romantic style structure with many steps, terraces, steep roofs and stucco siding.

Status: Designations: Description of the Site: It is unclear at this time what landscape improvements may have been done by the Olmsted office. There is little on the site today although several houses have been constructed. The clubhouse of the Inn was torn down. The golf course is now overgrown and unrecognizable.

Osterville - Marster, A. A. - 1926-1930 Osterville - Wianno Club - 1946-47 51 Sunset Point 109 Sea View Avenue Oyster Harbors 162/24

Job Number: 9744 51/8 Job Number: 7752 Status: Status: unknown Designations: NRIND (3/2/79), NRDIS (11/10/87), NRMRA

(11/10/87) Designations: None Description of the Site: This site was not visited. However, Barbara Crosby has been told by a landscape architect familiar with the site, that there is nothing left.

Description of the Site: It is unclear at this time what the Olmsted office may have done at this site. Mr. Chamberlain, of the Wianno Club, was unfamiliar with any work done by the Olmsted office.

Osterville/Wianno - Norris, F. W. Subdivision Job Number: 7469 Status: unknown

Designations: None Description of the Site: The location of this site could not be determined.



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